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An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti
Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti DISSERTATION ZUR ERLANGUNG DER GRADES DES DOKTORS DER PHILOSOPHIE DER UNIVERSTÄT HAMBURG VORGELEGT VON YASIN MOHAMMED YASIN from Assab, Ethiopia HAMBURG 2010 ii Regional Dynamics of Inter-ethnic Conflicts in the Horn of Africa: An Analysis of the Afar-Somali Conflict in Ethiopia and Djibouti by Yasin Mohammed Yasin Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree PHILOSOPHIAE DOCTOR (POLITICAL SCIENCE) in the FACULITY OF BUSINESS, ECONOMICS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES at the UNIVERSITY OF HAMBURG Supervisors Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff HAMBURG 15 December 2010 iii Acknowledgments First and foremost, I would like to thank my doctoral fathers Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit and Prof. Dr. Rainer Tetzlaff for their critical comments and kindly encouragement that made it possible for me to complete this PhD project. Particularly, Prof. Jakobeit’s invaluable assistance whenever I needed and his academic follow-up enabled me to carry out the work successfully. I therefore ask Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit to accept my sincere thanks. I am also grateful to Prof. Dr. Klaus Mummenhoff and the association, Verein zur Förderung äthiopischer Schüler und Studenten e. V., Osnabruck , for the enthusiastic morale and financial support offered to me in my stay in Hamburg as well as during routine travels between Addis and Hamburg. I also owe much to Dr. Wolbert Smidt for his friendly and academic guidance throughout the research and writing of this dissertation. Special thanks are reserved to the Department of Social Sciences at the University of Hamburg and the German Institute for Global and Area Studies (GIGA) that provided me comfortable environment during my research work in Hamburg. -
Assessment Report 2011
ASSESSMENT REPORT 2011 PHASE 1 - PEACE AND RECONCILIATION JOIN- TOGETHER ACTION For Galmudug, Himan and Heb, Galgaduud and Hiiraan Regions, Somalia Yme/NorSom/GSA By OMAR SALAD BSc (HONS.) DIPSOCPOL, DIPGOV&POL Consultant, in collaboration with HØLJE HAUGSJÅ (program Manager Yme) and MOHAMED ELMI SABRIE JAMALLE (Director NorSom). 1 Table of Contents Pages Summary of Findings, Analysis and Assessment 5-11 1. Introduction 5 2. Common Geography and History Background of the Central Regions 5 3. Political, Administrative Governing Structures and Roles of Central Regions 6 4. Urban Society and Clan Dynamics 6 5. Impact of Piracy on the Economic, Social and Security Issues 6 6. Identification of Possibility of Peace Seeking Stakeholders in Central Regions 7 7. Identification of Stakeholders and Best Practices of Peace-building 9 8. How Conflicts resolved and peace Built between People Living Together According 9 to Stakeholders 9. What Causes Conflicts Both locally and regional/Central? 9 10. Best Practices of Ensuring Women participation in the process 9 11. Best Practices of organising a Peace Conference 10 12. Relations Between Central Regions and Between them TFG 10 13. Table 1: Organisation, Ownership and Legal Structure of the 10 14. Peace Conference 10 15. Conclusion 11 16. Recap 11 16.1 Main Background Points 16.2 Recommendations 16.3 Expected Outcomes of a Peace Conference Main and Detailed Report Page 1. Common geography and History Background of Central Regions 13 1.1 Overview geographical and Environmental Situation 13 1.2 Common History and interdependence 14 1.3 Chronic Neglect of Central Regions 15 1.4 Correlation Between neglect and conflict 15 2. -
Somalia Type of Report: Semi-Annual, Annual Or Final: Semi- Annual Year of Report: 15 June 2020
PBF PROJECT PROGRESS REPORT COUNTRY: SOMALIA TYPE OF REPORT: SEMI-ANNUAL, ANNUAL OR FINAL: SEMI- ANNUAL YEAR OF REPORT: 15 JUNE 2020 Project Title: Supporting Reconciliation and State-Building Processes Project Number from MPTF-O Gateway: 00114146 If funding is disbursed into a national Type and name of reciPient organizations: or regional trust fund: Country Trust Fund UNDP (Convening Agency) Regional Trust Fund UNSOM Name of ReciPient Fund: ResPonsible Parties Implementing the Project include; (1) Ministry of Interior, Federal Affairs and Reconciliation of Federal Government of Somalia (MoIFAR-FGS) (2) Ministry of Constitution and Federal Affairs- Jubaland State of Somalia (MoCFA-JSS) (3) Ministry of Reconciliation and Federal Affairs - Galmudug State of Somalia (MoRFA-GSS) (4) Office of the President, Southwest State (OOP- SWS) (5) Office of the President, Hirshabelle State (OOP- HSS) (6) The Ministry of Interior, Federalism and Democratization, Puntland State (MoIFAD-PLS) Date of first transfer: 31st December 2018 Project end date: 31st August 2020 Is the current project end date within 6 months? Yes Check if the Project falls under one or more PBF priority windows: Gender promotion initiative Youth promotion initiative Transition from UN or regional peacekeeping or special political missions Cross-border or regional project Total PBF apProved project budget (by reciPient organization): ReciPient Organization Amount UNDP: $ USD 2,598,173 $ $ $ Total: $ USD 2,598,173 Approximate implementation rate as percentage of total project budget: -
Volume 3 Demography, Data Processing and Cartography
VOLUME 3 DEMOGRAPHY, DATA PROCESSING AND CARTOGRAPHY M. Rahmi, E. Rabant, L. Cambrézy, M. Mohamed Abdi Institut de Recherche pour le Développement UNHCR – IRD October 1999 97/TF/KEN/LS/450(a$ Index MAJOR FINDINGS ...…………………………………………….……….…………….3 I-1 : Demography ...…………………………………………….……….…………….3 I-2 : Exploitation of the aerial mosaics …………………………………………..5 1 - Cartography of the refugee camps. …………………………………...……...5 2 - Estimation of the populations ………………………………………………..…6 I-3 – Conclusion : results of the integration of maps and data in a GIS … 10 II – Demography data processing ………………………………………………....13 Table 1. Number of households and family size …….....………………..….…....13 Graph 1 . Family size ..…………………………………….………………….14 Graph 2. Family size (percentage) …………………….…….……………. 15 Table 2 : Number of refugees by sex and by block …….……………...…... 15 Table 3 : number of households and family size by blocks ………………… 20 Table 4 : population by age and by sex. ……………………………...… 26 Graph 3. Pyramid of ages …………………………………………………29 Table 5 : Relationship by sex …………………………………………………38 Graph 4 : relationship …………………………………………………………39 Table 6 : Number of refugees by sex and nationality ………………….40 Table 7 : Number of refugees by sex and province of origin ………….41 Table 8 : UNHCR codes for districts and nationality ………………….43 Table 9 : Number of refugees by nationality, sex, and district of origin. ………………… 50 Table 10 : Principal districts of origin of somalian refugees (population by block and by sex). ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 69 Table 11 : Principal -
Clan – Based Federalism in Somalia and Relationship Between The
T.C. ANKARA YILDIRIM BEYAZIT UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES CLAN – BASED FEDERALISM IN SOMALIA AND RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND FEDERAL MEMBER STATES MASTER THESIS HAMDİ ALİ MUSSE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION ANKARA 2020 T.C. ANKARA YILDIRIM BEYAZIT UNIVERSITY GRADUATE SCHOOL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES CLAN – BASED FEDERALISM IN SOMALIA AND RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND FEDERAL MEMBER STATES MASTER THESIS HAMDİ ALİ MUSSE DEPARMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION Supervisor Assistant Professor Selcen ÖZKAN ANKARA 2020 ACCEPTATION AND CONFIRMATION PAGE The thesis, prepared by HAMDI ALI MUSSE and titled “CLAN–BASED FEDERALISM IN SOMALIA AND RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT AND FEDERAL MEMBER STATES”, is accepted as a master thesis at Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Political Science and Public Administration by unanimous vote/majority vote. Tittle Name Surname Institution Signature Ankara Yıldırım Assist. Prof. Dr. Selcen ÖZKAN Beyazıt University Ankara Yıldırım Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ayşe Çolpan YALDIZ Beyazıt University Assist. Prof. Dr. Feriha YILDIRIM Gazi University Thesis Defense Date: 11.11.2020 I approve that the thesis fulfills the necessities to be deemed a master thesis at Ankara Yildirim Beyazit University, Institute of Social Sciences, Department of Political Science and Public Administration. Director of the Graduate School of Social Sciences Title Name Surname DECLARATION I hereby declare that this Master thesis titled Clan–based federalism in Somalia and relationship between the Federal government and Federal member states has been prepared in accordance with the thesis writing of manual of the graduate school of Social science. -
Report on Minority Groups in Somalia
The Danish Immigration Service Ryesgade 53 DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø Phone: + 45 35 36 66 00 Website: www.udlst.dk E-mail: [email protected] Report on minority groups in Somalia Joint British, Danish and Dutch fact-finding mission to Nairobi, Kenya 17 – 24 September 2000 Report on minority groups in Somalia Table of contents 1. Background ..................................................................................................................................5 2. Introduction to sources and methodology....................................................................................6 3. Overall political developments and the security situation in Somalia.......................................10 3.1 Arta peace process in Djibouti...............................................................................................10 3.2 Transitional National Assembly (TNA) and new President ..................................................10 3.2.1 Position of North West Somalia (Somaliland)...............................................................12 3.2.2 Position of North East Somalia (Puntland)....................................................................13 3.2.3 Prospects for a central authority in Somalia ..................................................................13 3.3 Security Situation...................................................................................................................14 3.3.1 General...........................................................................................................................14 -
Country of Origin Information Report Somalia July 2008
COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION REPORT SOMALIA 30 JULY 2008 UK BORDER AGENCY COUNTRY OF ORIGIN INFORMATION SERVICE 30 JULY 2008 SOMALIA Contents Preface LATEST NEWS EVENTS IN SOMALIA, FROM 4 JULY 2008 TO 30 JULY 2008 REPORTS ON SOMALIA PUBLISHED OR ACCESSED SINCE 4 JULY 2008 Paragraphs Background Information GEOGRAPHY ............................................................................................. 1.01 Maps .............................................................................................. 1.04 ECONOMY ................................................................................................. 2.01 Currency change, 2008 ................................................................ 2.06 Drought and famine, 2008 ........................................................... 2.10 Telecommunications.................................................................... 2.14 HISTORY ................................................................................................... 3.01 Collapse of central government and civil war ........................... 3.01 Peace initiatives 2000-2006 ......................................................... 3.14 ‘South West State of Somalia’ (Bay and Bakool) ...................... 3.19 ‘Puntland’ Regional Administration............................................ 3.20 The ‘Republic of Somaliland’ ...................................................... 3.21 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS ........................................................................... 4.01 CONSTITUTION ......................................................................................... -
2/2014 Update on Security and Protection Issues in Mogadishu And
2/2014 ENG Update on security and protection issues in Mogadishu and South-Central Somalia Including information on the judiciary, issuance of documents, money transfers, marriage procedures and medical treatment Joint report from the Danish Immigration Service’s and the Norwegian Landinfo’s fact finding mission to Nairobi, Kenya and Mogadishu, Somalia 1 to 15 November 2013 Copenhagen, March 2014 LANDINFO Danish Immigration Service Storgata 33a, PB 8108 Dep. Ryesgade 53 0032 Oslo 2100 Copenhagen Ø Phone: +47 23 30 94 70 Phone: 00 45 35 36 66 00 Web: www.landinfo.no Web: www.newtodenmark.dk E-mail: [email protected] E-mail: [email protected] Overview of Danish fact finding reports published in 2012, 2013 and 2014 Update (2) On Entry Procedures At Kurdistan Regional Government Checkpoints (Krg); Residence Procedures In Kurdistan Region Of Iraq (Kri) And Arrival Procedures At Erbil And Suleimaniyah Airports (For Iraqis Travelling From Non-Kri Areas Of Iraq), Joint Report of the Danish Immigration Service/UK Border Agency Fact Finding Mission to Erbil and Dahuk, Kurdistan Region of Iraq (KRI), conducted 11 to 22 November 2011 2012: 1 Security and human rights issues in South-Central Somalia, including Mogadishu, Report from Danish Immigration Service’s fact finding mission to Nairobi, Kenya and Mogadishu, Somalia, 30 January to 19 February 2012 2012: 2 Afghanistan, Country of Origin Information for Use in the Asylum Determination Process, Rapport from Danish Immigration Service’s fact finding mission to Kabul, Afghanistan, 25 February to 4 March -
Clanship, Conflict and Refugees: an Introduction to Somalis in the Horn of Africa
CLANSHIP, CONFLICT AND REFUGEES: AN INTRODUCTION TO SOMALIS IN THE HORN OF AFRICA Guido Ambroso TABLE OF CONTENTS PART I: THE CLAN SYSTEM p. 2 The People, Language and Religion p. 2 The Economic and Socials Systems p. 3 The Dir p. 5 The Darod p. 8 The Hawiye p. 10 Non-Pastoral Clans p. 11 PART II: A HISTORICAL SUMMARY FROM COLONIALISM TO DISINTEGRATION p. 14 The Colonial Scramble for the Horn of Africa and the Darwish Reaction (1880-1935) p. 14 The Boundaries Question p. 16 From the Italian East Africa Empire to Independence (1936-60) p. 18 Democracy and Dictatorship (1960-77) p. 20 The Ogaden War and the Decline of Siyad Barre’s Regime (1977-87) p. 22 Civil War and the Disintegration of Somalia (1988-91) p. 24 From Hope to Despair (1992-99) p. 27 Conflict and Progress in Somaliland (1991-99) p. 31 Eastern Ethiopia from Menelik’s Conquest to Ethnic Federalism (1887-1995) p. 35 The Impact of the Arta Conference and of September the 11th p. 37 PART III: REFUGEES AND RETURNEES IN EASTERN ETHIOPIA AND SOMALILAND p. 42 Refugee Influxes and Camps p. 41 Patterns of Repatriation (1991-99) p. 46 Patterns of Reintegration in the Waqoyi Galbeed and Awdal Regions of Somaliland p. 52 Bibliography p. 62 ANNEXES: CLAN GENEALOGICAL CHARTS Samaal (General/Overview) A. 1 Dir A. 2 Issa A. 2.1 Gadabursi A. 2.2 Isaq A. 2.3 Habar Awal / Isaq A.2.3.1 Garhajis / Isaq A. 2.3.2 Darod (General/ Simplified) A. 3 Ogaden and Marrahan Darod A. -
Somalia's Judeao-Christian Heritage 3
Aram Somalia's Judeao-Christian Heritage 3 SOMALIA'S JUDEAO-CHRISTIAN HERITAGE: A PRELIMINARY SURVEY Ben I. Aram* INTRODUCTION The history of Christianity in Somalia is considered to be very brief and as such receives only cursory mention in many of the books surveying this subject for Africa. Furthermore, the story is often assumed to have begun just over a century ago, with the advent of modem Western mission activity. However, evidence from three directions sheds light on the pre Islamic Judeao-Christian influence: written records, archaeological data and vestiges of Judeao-Christian symbolism still extant within both traditional 1 Somali culture and closely related ethnic groups • Together such data indicates that both Judaism and Christianity preceded Islam to the lowland Horn of Africa In the introduction to his article on Nubian Christianity, Bowers (1985:3-4) bemoans the frequently held misconception that Christianity only came recently to Africa, exported from the West. He notes that this mistake is even made by some Christian scholars. He concludes: "The subtle impact of such an assumption within African Christianity must not be underestimated. Indeed it is vital to African Christian self-understanding to recognize that the Christian presence in Africa is almost as old as Christianity itself, that Christianity has been an integral feature of the continent's life for nearly two thousand years." *Ben I. Aram is the author's pen name. The author has been in ministry among Somalis since 1982, in somalia itself, and in Kenya and Ethiopia. 1 These are part of both the Lowland and Highland Eastern Cushitic language clusters such as Oromo, Afar, Hadiya, Sidamo, Kambata, Konso and Rendille. -
Gericht Entscheidungsdatum Geschäftszahl Spruch Text
21.02.2020 Gericht BVwG Entscheidungsdatum 21.02.2020 Geschäftszahl W215 2168869-1 Spruch W215 2168869-1/18E IM NAMEN DER REPUBLIK! Das Bundesverwaltungsgericht erkennt durch die Richterin Mag. STARK über die Beschwerde von XXXX , geb. XXXX , Staatsangehörigkeit Bundesrepublik Somalia, gegen den Bescheid des Bundesamtes für Fremdenwesen und Asyl vom 05.08.2017, Zahl 1110750601-160498416, nach Durchführung einer mündlichen Verhandlung zu Recht: A) Die Beschwerde wird gemäß § 3 Abs. 1 Asylgesetz 2005, BGBl. I Nr. 100/2005 (AsylG), in der Fassung BGBl. I Nr. 87/2012, § 8 Abs. 1 Z 1 AsylG, § 57 AsylG, in der Fassung BGBl. I Nr. 70/2015, § 10 Abs. 1 Z 3 AsylG, in der Fassung BGBl. I Nr. 145/2017, § 9 BFA-Verfahrensgesetz, BGBl. I Nr. 87/2012 (BFA-VG), in der Fassung BGBl. I Nr. 56/2018, § 52 Fremdenpolizeigesetz 2005, BGBl. I Nr. 100/2005 (FPG), in der Fassung BGBl. I Nr. 110/2019, und § 55 FPG, in der Fassung BGBl. I Nr. 68/2013, als unbegründet abgewiesen. B) Die Revision ist gemäß Art. 133 Abs. 4 Bundes-Verfassungsgesetz, BGBl Nr. 1/1930 (B-VG), in der Fassung BGBl. I Nr. 51/2012, nicht zulässig. Text ENTSCHEIDUNGSGRÜNDE: I. Verfahrensgang: 1. Der Beschwerdeführer wurde am 07.04.2016 von Organen des öffentlichen Sicherheitsdienstes aufgegriffen und stellte am selben Tag den gegenständlichen Antrag auf internationalen Schutz. In seiner Erstbefragung am 07.04.2016 sowie seiner niederschriftlichen Befragung am 04.08.2017 vor dem Bundesamt für Fremdenwesen und Asyl gab der Beschwerdeführer zusammengefasst an, er stamme aus einem XXXX und gehöre dem Clan der Hawiye an. -
Algemeen Ambtsbericht Somalië Maart 2010
Algemeen ambtsbericht Somalië Maart 2010 Directie Consulaire Zaken en Migratiebeleid Afdeling Asiel, Hervestiging en Terugkeer Den Haag (070) 348 5964 Maart 2010 Algemeen ambtsbericht Somalië | Maart 2010 1 Inleiding .............................................................................................3 2 Landeninformatie ..............................................................................4 2.1 Basisgegevens ......................................................................................4 2.1.1 Land en Volk....................................................................................4 2.1.2 Geschiedenis ....................................................................................5 2.1.2.1 Federale republiek Somalië......................................................5 2.1.2.2 Somaliland...............................................................................7 2.1.2.3 Puntland ..................................................................................8 2.1.2.4 Sool en Sanaag.........................................................................9 2.1.3 Staatsinrichting...............................................................................10 2.1.3.1 Zuid- en Centraal Somalië......................................................10 2.1.3.2 Somaliland.............................................................................11 2.1.3.3 Puntland ................................................................................11 2.2 Politieke ontwikkelingen...................................................................12