DOCSLIB.ORG

The Rise and Fall of Peugeot Is an Image of France Itself. out of Gas

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Rise and Fall of Peugeot Is an Image of France Itself. out of Gas PEUGEOT The rise and fall of Peugeot is an image of France itself. Out of gas BY SOPHIE SASSARD, MARK JOHN AND GILLES GUILLAUME A vintage Type 203 car of French carmaker Peugeot at the Autofriedhof Franz Messerli auto graveyard near Bern, Switzerland, 2008. REUTERS/ ARND WIEGMANN SPECIAL REPORT 1 PEUGEOT DECLINE OF A LION RALLYING FORCE: Peugeot, which has owned Citroen since the 1970s, has a reputation for reliability and ruggedness. Left, Peugeot 208s at the plant in Poissy, near Paris, 2013. Right, French world rallying championship leader Sebastian Loeb in a Citroen Xsara at the Acropolis Rally of Greece, 2004. REUTERS/GONZALO FUENTES/YANNIS BEHRAKIS PARIS, DECEMBER 4, 2013 many ways mirror those of France, a former has fallen to just over 11 percent from a global power also fighting to define its role peak of 15 percent in 2002. he rush to Paris’s Charles-de-Gaulle in a world of harsher economic and politi- Earlier this year there were signs airport for flights to China began on cal forces. The parallels between Peugeot’s America’s General Motors, which already TFriday, Oct. 11. A first set of bank- decline and France’s economic malaise are has a seven percent stake in PSA, might ers booked onto the 10-hour overnight startling. Today, both the automaker and be interested in a wider tie-up to help put Air China Flight; over the next 48 hours, the country are struggling to bring down the French firm back on its feet. Those talks they were followed by top management heavy debt and adapt to global markets. In cooled. Now China is key. from PSA Peugeot Citroën and the French PSA’s case, the company is at stake; France’s “It is the only card they have left to Finance Ministry. economy is a mounting worry for investors play,” said Patrick Fridenson, car historian Peugeot was ailing – and it had just in the euro zone. at France’s EHESS institute. started talks about selling a stake to state- Once known worldwide for the reli- PLUS CA CHANGE... owned Chinese automaker Dongfeng. ability and ruggedness of its cars, Peugeot “There’s a big exodus to China right – which has also owned the Citroën brand The group is no stranger to crisis – or to now,” a bemused trade unionist at the Paris- since the 1970s – has in recent years escaping it. based company told Reuters that weekend. watched rivals spot global opportunities In the 1980s, debts accrued after an ill- For the bankers, it would be just another and snatch them from under its nose. starred takeover of Chrysler’s European deal, but for the car-maker, it could be a Both France and PSA must find a way operations were about to send the company lifeline. Dongfeng and the French state are – if there is one – of competing in world to the wall when it produced the Peugeot contemplating a joint investment to prop markets while funding the labour and wel- 205 – a first-generation “hot hatch.” The car up the 200-year-old firm, which is strug- fare provisions that make up the country’s sold millions and helped save the company. gling to contain losses that burnt 3 billion cherished social model. France’s share of “Every time there is a crisis, people say euros ($4 billion) of cash last year. euro zone exports has fallen by a third since it’s worse than last time,” said Jean-Louis PSA gave the world its first series-man- 2000 to just over 12 percent, while PSA’s Loubet, author of “The House of Peugeot”, ufactured car in 1891 – 22 years before Ford share of the Western European car market charting the history of the firm, which after took mass manufacture to a new level with its 1810 launch made everything from saws the Model “T”. It has survived two world Every time there is a to corsets. wars and become an emblem of France. crisis, people say it’s worse than The challenges facing PSA now are big- After years watching its position eroded by last time. ger than ever. Like many in France, the rivals and now hit by the financial crisis, it company must overcome entrenched resis- has reached a critical point. Jean-Louis Loubet tance to change. Its rich history and current difficulties in car historian The Peugeot family retain a minority SPECIAL REPORT 2 PEUGEOT DECLINE OF A LION shareholding which carries a veto on major The Peugeots are … loyal European car market fell off a cliff. decisions, and have fiercely defended the patriots with the best intentions. “The strategy has not changed – indeed company’s independence. Their Protestant But they are horrified by change. it is more relevant than ever,” the spokes- ideals have made them social pioneers: man said. The crisis has “provided the im- Over the decades they provided low-cost Source close to the company petus to help us learn to work differently housing to workers and free healthcare in and more efficiently.” a specially built hospital. A pension scheme THE EMBODIMENT OF THE STATE for workers’ widows began as early as 1811. “The Peugeots are like that,” said one That weekend dash to China was not the source close to the company. “They are first mission to rescue the company. In the genuinely good guys, loyal patriots with 1940s, its founding family had to salvage the best intentions. But they are horrified what they could from the ruins of post- by change. And this culture spread to every war Germany. level of the company.” In 1946, the Peugeot factory in the town Current and former employees speak of Sochaux in the Jura Mountains was in glowingly of an atmosphere of solidarity – ruins, largely destroyed by Nazi forces and a fierce pride and a desire to fight when the its machinery pillaged to help Hitler’s war company’s back is to the wall. But the same ON THE WAY OUT: Philippe Varin, Peugeot Chief effort. The Peugeots brought the equip- people complain that the best of intentions Executive, will be replaced by a former Renault ment back. A train bearing the French flag have often come up against turf wars and executive. REUTERS/BENOIT TESSIER and 600 tonnes of machine tools returned. internal red tape. The cars turned out by the re-built Even a largely symbolic move an- Sochaux plant included legends such as the nounced last year – when the group sold its The management of Peugeot’s rivals sleek 203, which saw off BMWs and Jaguars prestigious head office a stone’s throw from has also become more international. Other to win the 1950 Liege-Rome-Liege rally – a Paris’s Arc de Triomphe – foundered on in- companies, including Renault, started foretaste of the great African rallies Peugeot decision. “It took years to convince them to adopting English and local market lan- would dominate in the 1950s and 1960s. execute a decision that was pure common guages. Renault is led by Carlos Ghosn, At the same time, France itself was on sense,” said one company insider. a French-Lebanese born in Brazil. And it the move. Its post-war leaders embarked on In Peugeot, the CEO is lodged be- has two Japanese officials sitting on a man- an era of reconstruction that was to trans- tween four Peugeot cousins with senior agement board that conducts its business form it into a modern economy with infra- roles: Thierry Peugeot heads the supervi- in English, as do an increasing number of structure and public services that would be sory board, Robert runs the family holding, French companies. the envy of the world. The French discov- Xavier is products chief for the Peugeot Just one non-Frenchman – UK-born ered a taste for leisure and motoring. In the brand and Frédéric Banzet, a cousin by director of communications Jonathan post-war recovery known as the “Glorious marriage, heads the Citroën brand. Neither Goodman – sits on PSA’s 13-man execu- Thirty” years, French car ownership rock- CEO Philippe Varin nor the Peugeot fam- tive committee, which still carries out its eted from 1.7 million vehicles in 1950 to 14 ily would be interviewed for this story. business in French. million in 1973. The company has maintained nearly A company spokesman said that French moviemakers, writers and de- half its global autos workforce in France when Varin joined in 2009, he said “we signers wooed the world. On the road, the – a bigger share than Renault employs are too European, too middle-range, too 1955 Citroën DS offered a completely new – which prompted Industry Minister small,” and then embarked on a strat- driving experience – hydraulic suspension Arnaud Montebourg this year to hail what egy to change that. But as Europe’s debt and directional headlights that adjusted he called its patriotism. Yet critics argue crisis poisoned the wider economy, the their beam to match the turn of the steer- its fierce sense of independence has meant ing wheel. It was one of the most instantly PSA missed opportunities for strategic recognisable symbols of France’s post-war Follow Reuters Special partnerships, such as a tie-up with up- Reports on Twitter: Fifth Republic. General Charles de Gaulle market German group BMW or Japan’s @SpecialReports chose it as the presidential car, and Citroën Mitsubishi Motors. Text continues on page 5 SPECIAL REPORT 3 PEUGEOT DECLINE OF A LION Vital signs France's economic picture is among the weakest of the main rich nations. High social expenditure and low average working hours... Public social expenditure as a pct.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Van Dimensions
    Van Dimensions Roof Height Vehicle Manufacture Vehicle Model Model Year Wheelbase Roof Height Rear Door Wheelbase (mm) (mm) Overall Length (mm) Citroen Berlingo First 1996 - 2009 L1 H1 Twin 2693 1796 4137 Citroen Berlingo 2008 - 2018 L1 H1 Twin 2728 1810 4380 Citroen Berlingo 2008 - 2019 L2 H1 Twin 2728 1810 4628 Citroen Berlingo 2008 - 2020 L2 H1 Tailgate 2728 1810 4628 Citroen Berlingo 2018 - Onwards L1 H1 Twin 2800 1850 4300 Citroen Berlingo 2018 - Onwards L2 H1 Twin 3000 1850 4700 Citroen Jumper 1994 - 2006 L1 H1 Twin 2850 2100 4963 Citroen Jumper 1994 - 2006 L1 H2 Twin 2850 2420 4963 Citroen Jumper 1994 - 2006 L2 H1 Twin 3200 2100 5413 Citroen Jumper 1994 - 2006 L2 H2 Twin 3200 2420 5413 Citroen Jumper 2006 - Onwards L1 H1 Twin 3000 2254 4963 Citroen Jumper 2006 - Onwards L2 H1 Twin 3450 2254 5413 Citroen Jumper 2006 - Onwards L2 H2 Twin 3450 2524 5413 Citroen Jumper 2006 - Onwards L3 H2 Twin 4035 2524 5998 Citroen Jumper 2006 - Onwards L3 H3 Twin 4035 2764 6363 Citroen Jumper 2006 - Onwards L4 H2 Twin 4035 2524 6363 Citroen Jumper 2006 - Onwards L4 H3 Twin 4035 2764 6363 Citroen Jumpy 1995 - 2007 L1 H1 Twin 3000 1980 4805 Citroen Jumpy 1995 - 2007 L2 H1 Twin 3122 1980 5135 Citroen Jumpy 1995 - 2007 L2 H1 Twin 3122 2276 5135 Citroen Jumpy 1995 - 2007 L1 H1 Tailgate 3000 1980 4805 Citroen Jumpy 1995 - 2007 L2 H1 Tailgate 3122 1980 5135 Citroen Jumpy 2008 - 2016 L1 H1 Twin 3000 1980 4805 Citroen Jumpy 2008 - 2016 L1 H1 Tailgate 3000 1980 4805 Citroen Jumpy 2008 - 2016 L2 H1 Twin 3122 1980 5135 Citroen Jumpy 2008 - 2016 L2 H1 Tailgate
    [Show full text]
  • All-New Peugeot 508 Now with Technology
    ALL-NEW PEUGEOT 508 NOW WITH TECHNOLOGY PRICES, EQUIPMENT AND TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Version 11 - November 2019 Model Year - 2020 Standard Specification- all-new PEUGEOT 508 All-New PEUGEOT 508 models come with the following equipment as standard: Safety and Security Interior Features − ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) − Dashboard, front and rear door panel finish : Carbon effect − Active bonnet − Flocked glove box interior with illumination − Airbags − Gear lever - automatic in full grain leather and satin − Adaptive driver and front passenger airbags (includes passenger airbag chrome deactivation function) − Gear lever - manual in satin chrome (6 speed gearbox) − Driver and front passenger side thorax airbags − 'Interior LED lighting: front LED roof lighting with 3 x − Front and rear curtain airbags spotlights, 2 x LED ambient lights and 2 x rear reading − Alarm (perimetric, volumetric with lift and tilt sensor) lamps, LED lighting in boot, glove box and connecting − Automatic door locking when moving off zone − Automatic hazard light activation upon heavy brake application − Pedals and foot rest: black rubber − DAA1 (Driver attention alert system) − 'Piano keys': chrome plated toggle switches to access − Eco-coaching touchscreen functions − Electric child locking functionality on rear windows and doors − Roof lining - 'Salin' light grey − EBA (Emergency Brake Assist) − EBD (Electronic Brake Force Distribution) In Car Entertainment − ESP (Electronic Stability Programme) − Exterior temperature indicator with ice warning − Bluetooth® telephone facility − Front optimised safety headrests and rear retractable headrests (x3), height- − USB socket (x2) front adjustable. − 8-speaker radio, MP3 compatible − Front three-point retractable seatbelts, height adjustable with pre-tensioners − 12 V socket (Active only) and force limiters.
    [Show full text]
  • Registration Document
    20 REGISTRATION DOCUMENT Including the annual financial report 17 GROUPE PSA - 2017 REGISTRATION DOCUMENT -1 ANALYSIS OF THE BUSINESS AND GROUP OPERATING RESULTS IN 2017 AND OUTLOOK Capital Expenditure in Research & Development 4.4.2. Banque PSA Finance, signature of a framework agreement with the BNP Paribas Group to form a car financing Partnership for Opel Vauxhall vehicles On 6 March 2017, when the Master Agreement was concluded with BNP Paribas Personal Finance, will from an accounting point of view General Motors, the Company simultaneously signed a Framework retain the current European platform and staff of GM Financial. The Agreement with BNP Paribas and BNP Paribas Personal Finance, to Opel Vauxhall finance companies will distribute financial and organise the joint purchase of Opel Vauxhall’s finance companies insurance products over a territory initially including the following and the setting up of a car financing partnership for Opel Vauxhall countries: Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Sweden, Austria, vehicles. Ireland, Netherlands, Belgium, Greece and Switzerland. The The acquisition of Opel Vauxhall’s finance companies will be cooperation may potentially be extended thereafter to other completed through a holding company. This joint venture, owned in countries where Opel Vauxhall has a presence. equal shares and on the same terms by Banque PSA Finance and 4.5. CAPITAL EXPENDITURE IN RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT Automotive Expertise to deliver useful technologies Innovation, research and development are powerful levers for Every year, Groupe PSA invests in research and development to developing competitive advantages by addressing the major stay ahead, technologically, of environmental and market changes. challenges faced in the automotive industry (environmental, safety, emerging mobility and networking needs, etc.).
    [Show full text]
  • Road & Track Magazine Records
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8j38wwz No online items Guide to the Road & Track Magazine Records M1919 David Krah, Beaudry Allen, Kendra Tsai, Gurudarshan Khalsa Department of Special Collections and University Archives 2015 ; revised 2017 Green Library 557 Escondido Mall Stanford 94305-6064 [email protected] URL: http://library.stanford.edu/spc Guide to the Road & Track M1919 1 Magazine Records M1919 Language of Material: English Contributing Institution: Department of Special Collections and University Archives Title: Road & Track Magazine records creator: Road & Track magazine Identifier/Call Number: M1919 Physical Description: 485 Linear Feet(1162 containers) Date (inclusive): circa 1920-2012 Language of Material: The materials are primarily in English with small amounts of material in German, French and Italian and other languages. Special Collections and University Archives materials are stored offsite and must be paged 36 hours in advance. Abstract: The records of Road & Track magazine consist primarily of subject files, arranged by make and model of vehicle, as well as material on performance and comparison testing and racing. Conditions Governing Use While Special Collections is the owner of the physical and digital items, permission to examine collection materials is not an authorization to publish. These materials are made available for use in research, teaching, and private study. Any transmission or reproduction beyond that allowed by fair use requires permission from the owners of rights, heir(s) or assigns. Preferred Citation [identification of item], Road & Track Magazine records (M1919). Dept. of Special Collections and University Archives, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, Calif. Conditions Governing Access Open for research. Note that material must be requested at least 36 hours in advance of intended use.
    [Show full text]
  • Peugeot Renault
    PEUGEOT 508 Range | PRIDE Programme | Price List PEUGEOT | PRIDE PROGRAMME NOW AVAILABLE TO NHS & EMERGENCY SERVICES EMPLOYEES, QUALIFIED TEACHERS & PEUGEOT KEY PARTNERS PRIDE Price List Available from 15th July PEUGEOT 508 Range | PRIDE Programme | Price List PEUGEOT 108 PEUGEOT 108 RangePEUGEOT | PRIDE 108 RangeProgramme | PRIDE | Price Programme List | Price List PEUGEOT 108 Range | PRIDE Programme | Price List PRIDE PRIDE ON THE ROAD PRIDEON CUSTOMER THE ROAD PRIDE CUSTOMER DESCRIPTION DESCRIPTION TITRE CODE TITRE CODE ON THE ROAD PRIDEON THE APR ROAD PRIDE APR MRRP SAVINGMRRP SAVING PRIDEMRRP MRRP ON THE ROAD PRIDE CUSTOMER DESCRIPTION TITRE CODE ON THE ROAD PRIDE APR MRRP SAVING Active 108 HatchbackActive 5-door Active108 1.0L Hatchback S&S5-speed 5-door manual Active 1.0L S&S5-speed1PB1A5FKIJT0A080 manual 1PB1A5FKIJT0A080£13,320 £3,550£13,320 MRRP£9,770£3,550 4.9%£9,770 4.9% ActiveAllure 108108 Hatchback HatchbackAllure 5-door 5-door Active Allure 1.0L108 1.0L S&S5-speedHatchback S&S5-speed 5-door manual manual Allure 1.0L S&S5-speed1PB1A5FKIJT0A0801PB1A5LKIJT0A080 manual 1PB1A5LKIJT0A080£13,320£14,675 £3,550£4,450£14,675 £9,770£10,225£4,450 4.9%4.9%£10,225 4.9% 108 108 108 5 DOOR 5 DOOR Hatchback CollectionAllure Hatchback 108108 HatchbackHatchbackCollection 5-door5-door AllureCollection108 1.0L Hatchback 1.0LS&S5-speed S&S5-speed 5-door manual Collection manual 1.0L1 S&S5-speedPB1A5LKIJT0A080 1PB1A5LKIJT0DS80 manual 1PB1A5LKIJT0DS80£14,675£14,925 £4,450£4,700£14,925 £10,225£10,225£4,700 4.9%4.9%£10,225 4.9% 108 108 5 DOOR Hatchback Collection 108 Hatchback 5-door Collection 1.0L S&S5-speed manual 1PB1A5LKIJT0DS80 £14,925 £4,700 £10,225 4.9% Please see the PRIDE OpportunityPlease seepage the for PRIDE a selecti Opportunityon of 108 MYpage 70 for vehicles a selecti thaton willof 108 continue MY 70 tovehicles be available that will throughout continue toQ3.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021-06-22 Totalenergies Renews Its Global Partnership With
    TotalEnergies renews its global partnership with Peugeot, Citroën, DS Automobiles and extends it to Opel and Vauxhall Paris, June 22, 2021 - TotalEnergies and Stellantis announce the renewal of their partnership for the next five years for the Peugeot, Citroën and DS Automobiles brands. The two Groups are also opening a new chapter with its expansion to include Opel and Vauxhall. These global cooperation agreements now cover five core areas: • Increased collaboration in Research & Development, with common R&D objectives in terms of sustainable development and innovation, particularly in new forms of mobility, low-carbon or bio-sourced fuels, lubricants and fluids specially optimized for new electrified engines and their components, including batteries. • “First-fill” lubricants, with the supply of lubricants by TotalEnergies for vehicles produced in the factories of the five Stellantis Group brands concerned throughout the world. • Exclusive recommendation of Quartz lubricants in the after-sales and maintenance networks of the Peugeot, Citroën, DS Automobiles, Opel and Vauxhall brands. Approved repair specialists have access to TotalEnergies' high-tech motor oils, specifically developed for the engines of these five brands of vehicles, guaranteeing performance, reliability and fuel savings. • Automobile competition, with technical and sporting cooperation which will henceforth focus exclusively on the various electric and hybrid programmes launched by the brands: o Peugeot's return to the 24 Hours of Le Mans and the FIA-World Endurance Championship in the Hypercar category for hybrid prototypes, with the design of batteries resulting from the collaboration between Peugeot Sport and TotalEnergies, through its subsidiary SAFT, as well as the development of specific fluids.
    [Show full text]
  • NEW PEUGEOT 3008 SUV PRICES, EQUIPMENT and TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Version 1.0 - October 2020 E0 Model Year NEW PEUGEOT 3008 SUV - Standard Specification
    NEW PEUGEOT 3008 SUV PRICES, EQUIPMENT AND TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS Version 1.0 - October 2020 E0 Model Year NEW PEUGEOT 3008 SUV - Standard Specification NEW PEUGEOT 3008 SUV models come with the following equipment as standard: Safety and Security In Car Entertainment − ABS (Anti-lock Braking System) with REF (Electronic Braking Distribution) and AFU − Bi-Tuner radio including DAB (Emergency Braking Assistance) − Bluetooth® telephone facility − Airbags − USB socket − Adaptive driver and front passenger airbags (includes passenger airbag deactivation − 6-speaker radio, MP3 compatible function) − 12V sockets (x3) (dashboard, rear cabin and load area) − Driver and front passenger side airbags − Front and rear curtain airbags Exterior Features − Alarm (perimetric, volumetric & anti lift) − Automatic door locking when moving off − 17" Chicago Alloy Wheels − Automatic hazard light activation upon heavy brake application − Body-colour exterior door handles − CDS (Dynamic Stability Control) and ASR (Electronic Anti-skid System) − Body-colour rear spoiler with stainless steel edging trim − Cruise control and Speed Limiter with intelligent speed adaption − Body protectors (bottom of front and rear bumpers + wheel arches + protection at − Electric child locking functionality on rear windows and doors bottom of doors) in black − DAA1 (Driving timer alert system) − Chrome rear bumper facia − Electronic code immobiliser − Door mirror shells: body colour − Exterior temperature indicator with ice warning − Front wing trim: chrome − Extended traffic
    [Show full text]
  • Stellantis N.V. (Name of Issuer)
    UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION Washington, D.C. 20549 SCHEDULE 13D Under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (Amendment No. 1) Stellantis N.V. (Name of Issuer) Common Shares, nominal value of €0.01 each (Title of Class of Securities) N82405106 (CUSIP Number) Thierry Mabille de Poncheville Deputy Chief Executive Officer Établissements Peugeot Frères S.A. 66, avenue Charles de Gaulle 92200 Neuilly-sur-Seine, France +33 6 07 48 38 77 (Name, Address and Telephone Number of Person Authorized to Receive Notices and Communications) Copy to: Adam O. Emmerich John L. Robinson Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen & Katz 51 West 52nd Street New York, New York 10019 (212) 403-1000 April 14, 2021 (Date of Event which Requires Filing of this Statement) If the filing person has previously filed a statement on Schedule 13G to report the acquisition that is the subject of this Schedule 13D, and is filing this schedule because of Rule 13d-1(e), 13d-1(f) or 13d-1(g), check the following box. ☐ Note: Schedules filed in paper format shall include a signed original and five copies of the schedule, including all exhibits. See Rule 13d-7 for other parties to whom copies are sent. * The remainder of this cover page shall be filled out for a reporting person’s initial filing on this form with respect to the subject class of securities, and for any subsequent amendment containing information which would alter disclosures provided in a prior cover page. The information required on the remainder of this cover page shall not be deemed to be “filed” for the purpose of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Act”) or otherwise subject to the liabilities of that section of the Act but shall be subject to all other provisions of the Act (however, see the Notes).
    [Show full text]
  • Questions and Answers for the Centenary of the Brand Price : €6 GRÉGOIRE THONNAT
    Who is the founder of Citroën automobiles? What was the first car produced by Citroën? What is the ‘Citroën Central Asia’ Expedition? What do Citroën Traction Avant, Citroën 2 CV, Citroën DS and Citroën Ami 6 have in common? Who invented Citroën Mehari? What is the bestselling car in the Brand’s history? In 80 questions and answers, a timeline and the description of 10 iconic models, this little book will help you (re)discover Citroën’s fabulous history through iconic models, technical innovations and the people who wrote this unique industrial adventure that has revolutionised the history of the automobile since 1919. Questions and answers for the centenary of the Brand Price : €6 GRÉGOIRE THONNAT LE PETIT QUIZZ Questions and answers for the centenary of the Brand GRÉGOIRE THONNAT SUMMARY Preface 5 Questions and answers 7 A brief timeline of Citroën 89 10 iconic vehicles of the Brand 101 The Citroën brand 123 5 Dear readers, There is a reason why the Citroën 2 CV is as much a symbol of France as the Eiffel Tower…because we all have a Citroën story to tell! However, do you know the story of Citroën itself? Le Petit Quiz invites you to (re)discover Citroën’s journey from the origin of its logo to its many technological innovations, from legendary cars to its sporting achievements, and taking a detour through its cult advertising campaigns throughout the years. These 80 questions will help you discover amusing anecdotes and relive Citroën’s history! As the centenary of Citroën approaches, this is the essential tool to ensure you are ‘up to speed’ with one of the most collected car brands in the world… Linda Jackson, CEO, Citroën Brand 5 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 7 WHO WAS THE FOUNDER OF CITROËN? André Citroën! Born on 5 February 1878, André graduated from École Polytechnique and then went on to found Engrenages Citroën in 1905, before leading Mors automobiles in 1908.
    [Show full text]
  • New Citroën C5 Aircross Suv
    NEW CITROËN C5 AIRCROSS SUV 1 During the 90s Le Tone had a major hit, “Joli Dragon”, and devoted himself to music for 15 years before progressively moving towards illustrative art. Since 2011 his creations have been exhibited in famous places such as the Pompidou centre. An admirer of artists who know how to make the best use of colour, Le Tone confesses to having a weakness for black and white, which he uses to tell simple stories by using felt pen drawings in notebooks. 1974 2016 Citroën launches CX. It’s the ultimate Experience Concept reinvents mix of technical innovation and the prestige saloon. A bold, advanced design with the engine and fresh silhouette, a high-end stylish gearbox positioned together at the interior and the latest technology front. Sophisticated hydropneumatic combine to inspire the world of suspension, concave rear screen and a automotive design. futuristic dashboard help it to succeed amongst more ordinary rivals. 1934 1939 1948 1955 1968 2017 Discover the models that make up Citroën revolutionises the automotive Citroën launches the ‘TUB’, a supremely The much-loved 2CV is created as Unveiled to a stunned public at the 1955 It’s a golden age for light and agile Winners of the Manufacturers’ Rally Raid World Cup from Citroën’s extraordinary history, landscape with the Traction Avant. practical modern design with a sliding side a “safe and economical vehicle, Paris Motor Show, the DS takes futuristic vehicles like the Ami 6, Dyane and 1993 to 1997; Rally Raid World Cup Drivers’ Champion from 1919 to the present day.
    [Show full text]
  • The Long Term Rental Market Q1 2020/Q1 2019 : -28% Q1 2020/Q1 2019 : -34,1% LTR REGISTRATIONS in a BETTER POSITION THAN THOSE with OTHER FINANCING
    THE The letter LONG TERM RENTAL MARKET 1st quarter 2020 CONTENTS 1 | Global automotive market 1 | Global automotive market 2 | LTR market A CERTAIN WEAKENING, BUT A PUSH ON THE EV 3 | Vehicles energy mix 4 | Top 10 vehicles Light Vehicles (LD) (passenger cars and light commercial vehicles of 5 | Long Term Rental Data (Associated members data) -3.5t): Containment measures have an extremely important impact on the 6 | The news sale of light vehicles. In France, registrations are down 33.2% in the 1st quarter of 2020 compared to the 1st quarter of 2019. Passenger cars: The passenger car market registered 34.1% decline À RETENIR (364 660 registrations compared with 553 336). The corporate market (AUT-STE channel) passenger cars accounted for 25.8% of sales, with 94 128 IMMATRICULATIONS EN LLD registrations. Operational leasing thus represents 67.6% of company cars in Q1 2020 with 63 677 registrations. Light commercial vehicles (LCVs): 116 697 59,5% The market fell by 28% (compared to Q1 2019) to 68 035 registrations in New long term rentals of company vehicules(1) Q1 2020. registered are registred under LTR. (compared to 152 069 Q1 2019). Light vehicle energies : The market for alternative energy vehicles is This represents 27% of all registrations (1) Excluding short-term rentals, holding up better than fossil fuels. Registrations of alternative energy demonstration vehicules, self- in the automotive market. registrations vehicles represent 15.9% of the global automotive market’s total, i.e. 68 701 registrations. They increase by 67.6% compared to Q1 2019, notably in anticipation of TOTAL MARKET the CAFE standard.
    [Show full text]
  • The Case of Foreign Workers in the French Automobile Assemble Industry
    Michigan Journal of International Law Volume 6 Issue 1 1984 Industrial Policy and the Rights of Labor: The Case of Foreign Workers in the French Automobile Assemble Industry Mark J. Miller University of Delaware Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil Part of the Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, International Trade Law Commons, Labor and Employment Law Commons, and the Transportation Law Commons Recommended Citation Mark J. Miller, Industrial Policy and the Rights of Labor: The Case of Foreign Workers in the French Automobile Assemble Industry, 6 MICH. J. INT'L L. 361 (1984). Available at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/mjil/vol6/iss1/20 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Michigan Journal of International Law at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Michigan Journal of International Law by an authorized editor of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Industrial Policy and the Rights of Labor: The Case of Foreign Workers in the French Automobile Assembly Industry Mark J. Miller* The foreign labor which made possible Western Europe's postwar economic growth' has become a permanent, if belatedly recognized, component of the region's labor markets. 2 Technological change and new industrial policies stress- ing efficiency, skilled labor, and rationalization threaten foreign workers, raising complex and important issues of law and social policy in the debate over labor's role in industrial policy. These changes already have resulted in grave problems which make agreement and clarification of the rights of foreign workers in national and international law a matter of considerable urgency.
    [Show full text]