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Metalliferous Mineral Deposits of the Cascade Range in Oregon

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Metalliferous Mineral Deposits of the Cascade Range in Oregon Iyen do not nrod hi. teDort ..tttt it ha, ,ened out flQ:piiàr. idaze tttutn ft to tht Gtotog3cal Ss.nct, 'ning the affichl mailing lnbtl si th. cud UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE LNTEIUOR METALL1FEROLJS MINERAL DEPOSITS OP THE CASCADE RANGE IN OREGON In co..pnsiun with ibe STATEMINING BOARD OF ORL'CON GEOLOGiCAL SURVEY BULLETIN 893 UNITEI) STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Harold L. Ickes, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. C. Mendenhall, Director Bulletin 893 METALLIFEROUS MINERAL DEPOSITS OF THE CASCADE RANGE IN OREGON BY EUGENE CALLAGHAN AND A. F. BUDDINGTON Prepared in cooperation with the STATE MINING BOARD OF OREGON UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON 1938 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, Washington, D.C. Price 1.25 CONTENTS Page Abstract 1 Introduction 3 Field work and acknowledgments 3 Previous work 4 Surface features 6 Climate and vegetation 7 Accessibility 7 Geology 7 General features 7 Sedimentary rocks of the Rogue River and Bear Creek Valleys 10 Black lavas of the western margin of the Cascade Range 1C Gray andesitic lavas and associated rocks of the Western Cascades -- 11 General features 11 Basalt 12 Labradorite andesite (basaltic andesite) 13 Normal andesite 13 Rhyolite 14 Fragmental rocks 14 Lavas and associated rocks of the High Cascades 15 Dioritic intrusive rocks and contact metamorphism in the Western Cascades 16 Structure 18 Summary of geologic events 21 Mineral deposits 22 General features 22 History and production 23 Mineralogy 24 Classification of veins 29 Rock alteration 30 Weathering of veins 32 Vein structure and ore shoots 33 Zoning of mineral deposits 35 Genesis 36 Placers 36 Economic considerations 37 Mineralized areas and mining districts 38 Bohemia district 38 Location and accessibility 39 Surface features 39 Geology 40 General features 49 Volcanic rocks 40 Dioritic intrusive rocks 41 Contact-metamorphic rocks 42 Structure 42 'U Iv CONTENTS Mineralized areas and mining districtsContinued. Bohemia districtContinued. Page Mineral deposits 44 General features 44 History and production 44 Classification 47 Base-metal veins with variable amounts of gold 47 Veins of quartz and clay minerals 47 Pyrite and cherty quartz veins 48 Chalcopyrite and quartz veins 48 Gold-quartz and gold-calcite-quartz veins 48 Stibnite-pyrite-quartz veins 48 Specularite and magnetite veinlets and disseminated specularite 48 Disseminated pyrite 48 Zonal arrangement 48 Hydrothermal and supergene alteration of wall rock 49 Future of the district 50 Mines and prospects 51 Champion and Evening Star 51 Helena 54 Musick 57 Noonday 60 Vesuvius 62 Combination 63 Cosmos 64 Cripple Creek 65 Crystal 66 El Capitan, President, or ChurchilL - 67 Glenwood 67 Four Monte 67 Gem, Rico, and Slide 67 Gold Cross 67 Golden Slipper 67 Gray Eagle and Alice 68 Grizzly 68 Ingham 69 Leroy 69 Mayflower 70 North Fairview 71 Ophir 72 Oregon-Colorado 72 Orofino 73 Peekaboo 73 Rattlesnake 74 Reed and Fletcher 74 Riverside 74 Shotgun 75 Star 75 Stonewall 76 Sunset 76 Syndicate 77 Sweepstakes 78 CONTENTS V Mineralized areas and mining districtsContinued. Bohemia districtContinued. Mines and prospectsContinued. Page Tall Timber 78 Utopian 78 War Eagle 79 Yellow Jacket 80 Other prospects 81 Cheeney Creek area 81 North Santiam district 82 Location and accessibility 82 Surface features 82 Geology 83 Volcanic rocks 83 Dioritic intrusive rocks 83 Contact-metamorphic rocks 84 Structure 84 Mineral deposits 85 History and production 85 Mineralogy and types of veins 85 Mines and prospects 87 Amalgamated 87 Bimetallic and Goldbug 89 Black Eagle 89 Blende Oro 90 Capital 91 Crown 91 Elkhorn Creek 93 Gold Creek M. & M 93 Mineral Harbor 94 Ogle Mountain 94 Riverside 95 Santiam 95 Silver King 97 Silver Star 98 Wolz 98 Other prospects 99 Quartzvil]e district 99 Location and accessibility 91 Surface features 99 Geology 100 Volcanic rocks 100 Dioritic intrusive rocks and contact metamorphism 100 Structure 101 Mineral deposits 101 History and production 101 Mineralogy and types of veins 102 Mines and prospects 103 Albany 103 Bob and Betty or Smith and McLeary 105 Galena 106 Golden Fleece 106 Hastings 106 VI CONTENTS Mineralized areas and mining districtsContinued. Quartzville districtContinued. Mines and prospectsContinued. Page Lawler 107 Mammoth Reef 108 Mule 108 Munro 109 Paymaster 109 Riverside 110 Savage or Vandalia 110 Silver Signal 110 Snowstorm or Edson 111 Other prospects 112 Blue River district 113 Location and accessibifity 113 Surface features 114 Geology 114 Volcanic rocks 114 Dioritie intrusive rocks and contact metamorphism 114 Structure 115 Mineral deposits 115 History and production 115 Mineralogy and types of veins 1 1 Mines and prospects 117 Cinderella 117 Durango 117 Evening 117 Great Eastern 118 Great Northern 118 Great Western 119 Higgins 119 Lucky Boy 119 Lucky Girl 121 Merger 121 Poorman 121 Red Buck 121 Rialto 121 Rowena 122 Sochwich 123 Tate 123 Treadwell 123 Treasure 123 Uncle Sam 124 Union 125 Other prospects 126 Fall Creek district 126 Location and accessibility 126 Surface features 126 Geology 126 Mineral deposits 128 Prospects 128 Blanket 128 Christy 128 CONTENTS VII Mineralized areas and mining districtsContinued. Fall Creek districtContinued. ProspectsContiriued. Page Fletcher 129 Ironsides 129 Jumbo 129 Other prospects 129 Oakridge area 130 Zinc area 130 Buzzard area 131 Grand Cove area 132 Climax area 133 Barron area 134 Index 137 ILLUSTRATIONS Page PLATz1. Reconnaissance geologic map of the Cascade Range south of Mount Hood, Oreg In pocket Panoramic view taken through arc of 165° in a northerly direc- tion from summit of North Grouse Mountain, in Bohemia district 9 Dendritic gold from leached part of vein at Buzzard mine, Jackson County - 24 A, Thin section showing rings of aphalerite in cherty quartz from Barron mine, Jackson County; B, Polished surface of sphaler- ite from Mineral Harbor prospect, North Santiam district - - 24 A, B, Polished surface of suiphides from Capital claim, North Santiam district 24 A, Polished surface of sulphides from Buzzard mine; B, Pol- ished surface of vein matter from Mineral Harbor prospect, North Santiam district 24 Polished surface of ore: A, From Helena mine, Bohemia dis- trict; B, from Grand Cove prospect, Jackson County 24 Thin sections of vein matter: A, From tuinel on south side of creek at Gold Creek M. & M. prospeco, North Santiam dis- trict; B, from Durango prospect, Blue River district 24 A, Thin section of vein matter from Cosmos mine, Bohemia district; B, thin section of adularia and quartz in vein matter from Leroy tunnels, Bohemia district 24 Typical vein breccia of partly altered labradorite andesite in sharply angular fragments cemented by vuggy comb quartz containing scattered sulphides 25 A, Vein matter from Oregon-Colorado prospect, Bohemia dis- trict; B, vein breccia of nearly equant fragments of greenish chloritic andesite cemented with comb quartz 32 A, Vein matter from Blende Oro prospect, North Santiam dis- trict; B, view looking east up narrow valley of Little North Santiam River 33 Geologic map and structure sections of the Bohemia districtIn pocket Longitudinal section of Champion mine, Bohemia district 56 VITI ILLUSTRATIONS Page PLATE 15. Longitudinal section of Musick mine, Bohemia district 56 Sketch map of North Santiam district, Marion and Clackamas Counties, showing location of mines and prospects, veins, and dioritic intrusive bodies 80 Sketch map of main tunnels of Santiam or Minnie E. mine, North Santiam district 96 Sketch map showing approximate locdtion of mines, prospects, veins, and dioritic intrusive bodies, Quartzvi]le district, Linn County 104 Sketches of principal underground workings on Albany claims, Quartzville district - 104 Sketch map showing approximate location of milias, prospects, veins, and dioritic intrusive bodies, Blue Rivei district, Lane and Linn Counties 112 Plan and section of upper five levels of Lucky Boy mine, Blue River district 120 Sketches of lev,ls of Buzzard mine, Jackson County - - 128 FIGURE 1. Sketch of underground workings of Champion mine, Bohemia district 52 Sketch map of level 4 of Musick mine, Bohemia district 58 Sketch map of main level of Crown mine, North Santiam clis- trict 92 Sketch showing distribution of workings on Albany claims, Quartzville district 104 Sketch map of Savage or Vandalia workings, Quartzville dis- trict 111 Sketch map of workings of Union mine, Blue River district_- 125 Sketch map of Fall Creek district, Lane County 127 METALLIFEROIJS MINERAL DEPOSITS OF THE CASCADE RANGE IN OREGON By EUGENE CALLAGHAN and A. F. BUDDINGTON ABSTRACT This report deals with a group of mineralized areas containing Tertiary veins of base metal and gold, which occur at intervals throughout the Cascade Range in Oregon.Gold was discovered in this region in 1858, only a few years after its discovery in southwestern Oregon, and an output of nearly $1,000,000, almost entirely in gold, has been recorded.The gold was mined largely from the weathered parts of the veins; placer production has been negligible.Other metalliferous deposits include nodules of native copper between lava flows, nodules of manganese oxides, and deposits of quicksilver along the western margin of the Cascade Range. The Cascade Range in Oregon, south of Mount Hood, is from 30 to 70 miles wide throughout the length of the State, is deeply dissected and heavily for- ested, and is composed almost wholly of volcanic rocks.It is divided longi- tudinally into two subprovincesthe High Cascades and the Western Cascades. The High Cascades consist of a narrow strip along the east side of the range that contains numerous volcanic cones and remnants of cones, is composed of younger rocks, and is less dissected than the Western Cascades. The crest rises generally to altitudes of 5,000 to 6,000 feet, with volcanic peaks as much as 5,000 feet higher.The Western Cascades consist of a maturely dissected region of narrow, steep-walled ridges and valleys, with a dendritic stream pattern and with summits ranging roughly between 2,000 and 6,000 feet.
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