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The Geology and Mineral Resources of Lane County, Oregon

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The Geology and Mineral Resources of Lane County, Oregon STATE OF OREGON DEPARTMENT OF GEOLOGY AND MINERAL IND USTRIES 329 Oak Street Portland, Oregon Bulletin No. I I The Geology and Mineral Resources of Lane County, Oregon by WARREN D. SMITH Professor of Geology and Geography University of Oregon In collaboration with LLOYD L. RUFF Instructor in Geology University of Oregon Eugene, Oregon 1938 STATE GOVERNING BOARD W. H. STRAYER. CHAIRMAN • BAKER ALBERT BURCH MEDFORD E B. MACNAUGHTON PORTLAND EARL K. NIXON DIRECTOR SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION OF THE RELATION OF GEOLOGY TO SOME OF LANE COUNTY'S ,ACTIVITIES FLOOD CIJNTROI.. / / NAVIGATION ...... -- ...... - ._ _, - ._ _... I - / -.. _, I - ._ ...... ._ _, I ._ / ._ : ._ WATER AND DRAINAG E AND IRRIGATION SUPPLY f----- HYDROGRAPHY - - - - - J I HYDRO-ELECTRIC -1 POWER RIVERS, LAKE�&OCEAN / / I I ' / I : ' / ' / I I ' / I '/ I I I I /' I I I / )', / I ' I I , ' 1 / ' I I / "'- I I AND ( . GEOLOGICAL PARKS · - RECREATIONAL----1 scENERY � --- --- � '�sQiLS � iAGRICULTUREl RESORTS FOUNDATION . ! 1 I I 1 I I T , I / 1 I ' l / I , I / I I I // ' I I I ' I I 1 / I ' I I / I :I ROCK I Ml NER�L DEPOSITS! TOPOGRAPHY : I FORMATION FORESTRY 1 I 1 CTERRAIN> I 1 I , I : ' I _.... 1 , I _.... .....- , _.... I 1 1 1 I I ' 1 ROADS ANO -- ------ MINING AND - - CITIES AND - - - - - - - ---- HIGHWAYS QUARRYING RA ILWAYS '----- � L-- Figure I-GEOLOGY AND LANE COUNTY ACTIVITIES This bulletin is dedicated to the memory of Cfllen <!Conbon :ffflc<!Cornack in grateful recognition of her helpfulness in the early years of the author's work in the University of Oregon. FOREWORD HIS BULLETIN on the Geology and Mineral Resources of Lane County T is the first of a series of reports which the Department intends to make covering the counties of the state. Making the county the unit of area covered by each of these reports is not an innovation; the plan has been carried out in other states, and has been found to be practical and to have several advantages. Lane County was chosen as a subject for the first of these reports, partly because Dr. Warren D. Smith, head of the Department of Geology, Univer­ sity of Oregon, had in his files much geologic information on the area. Under the circumstances duplication of effort would have occurred had anyone else undertaken preparation of the report. Dr. Smith's unquestioned ability as a geologist together with his intimate knowledge of Lane County made him especially well-fitted to prepare this study. Particular attention is drawn to the author's discussion of the Bohemia mining district. EARL NIXON, Director. K Portland, Oregon, February, 1939. [ 3] TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Page FOREWORD ... ECONOMIC GEOLOGY-Non-Metallic 3 Deposits-Continued INTRODUCTION 5 Lime and Calcite . 48 GEOGRAPHY 6 Gas and Oil . ... ........... .. 48 Location . 6 Mineral Hot Springs . ..... .. ... ...... .. -!9 Topography . ..... .. 6 Ground Water ........ ............ 50 Hydrography . .. .. 8 Factors Affecting Mining Development in Climate .. .. ......... 9 Lane County .... .......... .............. 50 ... Transportation ... 10 Power and Timber Resources . 51 SCENIC RESOURCES . ....... .. 53 GEOLOGY 11 . 53 11 Three Sisters Area and Lava Beds ..... General Statement of Geologic History . .............. 54 13 High Level Lakes ....... Geologic Formations McKenzie and Willamette Rivers . 54 . 19 Geologic Structure . ......... Salt Creek Falls . .......... 55 . 22 Paleontology ..... Willamette Valley and the Valley Buttes. 55 Description of Species .. 23 Coast Range Area . ....... 56 30 Geologic History . Coastal Lakes 56 PHYSIOGRAPHY .......... 32 Seashore . 56 The Willamette Valley Section .. 32 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS . .... ......... ..... .. 59 The Coast Range Section . 35 Recommendations Concerning the Geology The Coast Section ..... 35 and Mineral Resources of Lant County . 59 The Calapooya Mountain Section . ... ......... 36 General 59 The Cascade Mountain Section . 36 Economic ........ ........ ............ ........ 60 37 Soils .. .. APPENDIX Elevations of Some Important A ECONOMIC GEOLOGY .. 38 Points in Lane County . 60 The Metals .... ................ 39 APPENDIX B. Meteorological Data for Lane Quicksilver 39 County .............. ...... .. 60 Gold and Silver . 41 APPENDIX C. Check List of Lane County Copper, Lead, and Zinc . 47 Minerals ...... ..... ..... 61 Antimony . 47 Arsenic ........ .. ...... 47 APPENDIX D. List of Principal Fossil Locali- Non-Metallic Deposits . 47 ties . 62 Clays . 47 APPENDIX E. Bibliography . ..... 63 Crushed Rock . 47 APPENDIX F. Maps Dealing with Lane Sand and Gravel . .. 48 County Tuff 48 64 Coal . 48 APPENDIX G. Glossary. 64 ILLUSTRATIONS Page Page Figure Schematic Relation of Geology and Figure 13. General Location Map of Bohemia 1. Lane County Activities . 2 District (Mines Service Inc.) . ..... 42 Figure 2. Key Location Map (Physiographic Figure 14. Shark's Tooth . ........... ..... 26 Diagram) 7 Figure 15. Spencer's Butte .. .......... .......... .... 55 Figure 3. Precipitation Profile .. 9 Figure 16. Willamette River (Brubaker Aerial Figure 4. Table, Meteorological Data for Lane View) .. .................. 32 County for 1937 . 10 Figure 17. Champion Flotation Mill .. 44 Figure 5. Table, Soil Scheme of Lane County . 38 Figure 18. Salt Creek Falls ..... 54 Figure 6. Stratigraphic (geologic) Column ...... 14 Figure 19. Lane County Forest Scene ....... 52 Figure 7. Geologic Cross Section ---------------- 19 Figure 20. Three Sisters . .... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ... 52 Figure 8. Block Diagram Illustrating Willam- Figure 21. McKenzie "Lava Beds" . 53 ette Valley Structure .... 20 Figure 22. Heceta Head ........ 57 Figure 9. Skinner's Butte Laccolith .. 21 Figure 23. Sea Lion Caves .. .. 58 Figure 24. Lane County Invertebrate Fossils .... 16 Structural Detail Near Eugene .. 22 Figure 10. Figure 25. Lane County Fossil Plants .......... ... .. 28 Figure 11. Generalized Geologic Map . .. " 12 Figure 26. Pleistocene Gravels (McKenzie Figure 12. Geologic Map of Black Butte District River) ....... .. .. .. .............. 34 (U. S. G. S.) . ·40 Figure 27. Pleistocene Elephant Tooth .. .. ... 29 [ 4 l INTRODUCTION Lane county has been selected for one of the logical Survey geologist, Joseph S. Diller, whose first bulletins descriptive of Oregon counties for principal studies however were carried on out­ several reasons; among these being, its importance side this county. in the mineral industry; its critical place in the With Condon (as a student) and Diller (as a great reclamation program known as the Wil­ field assistant) was a young man, Chester W. lamette Valley Project; its great variety of geo­ Washburne, later to become eminent as an author­ logic terrain spanning the physiographic gamut ity in petroleum geology. The present writer is from the sea coast to the high Cascades, with its particularly indebted to Washburne for much as­ exceptional scenic features; and also because of sistance in the field and for voluminous notes on the availability of much geologic information re­ Lane County geology. lating to the county largely from workers in the One of the earliest reports made of the Bohemia department of geology of the University from the Mining district was contributed by Donald F. Mc­ time of Thomas Condon to the present. Donald who was working with Diller for the U. S. Among features of interest in this county we Geological Survey. A complete report on Bohemia may call attention in passing (to be described in and Blue River districts by Eugene Callaghan and succeeding pages) to the following of special A. F. Buddington has just been issued as Bulletin interest: 893 of the U. S. Geological Survey. 1. Black Butte Quicksilver mine, the second Next we should mention especially Edwin T. largest producer in the state. Hodge and E. L. Packard, former professors in the 2. Bohemia and Blue River Mining Districts, department at the University (now at Oregon State with their gold, silver, copper, lead and zinc. College) , and the following students who worked 3. The Hobart Butte arsenic and clay deposits. on various problems under their and the author's 4. Belknap, Foley, and McCredie hot springs. direction: 5. A coast line of striking beauty, the interest­ Hubert Schenck (now at Stanford University) , ing Sea Lion caves, and dunes. whose master's thesis on the geology of Eugene 6. The remarkable "braided" course of the and vicinity has been freely drawn upon. Willamette river between Eugene and Junction City. Ian Campbell's (now at California Institute of 7. The Goshen Flora locality with its assem­ Technology) study of the McKenzie river section blage of tropical leaves. is especially important. 8. The "Lava Beds" on the summit of the Eugene Callaghan (now geologist on the U. S. McKenzie Pass. Geological Survey) , for his description of the Sea 9. The cluster of 10,000-foot volcanic peaks Lion caves and his studies in the High Cascades known as "The Three Sisters". are very valuable. 10. Collier Glacier, the largest in Oregon. Hodge's own work in the Three Sisters region makes one of the most complete studies we have 11. The Salt Creek Falls, one of the beauty in this part of the state. spots of the state. Ralph Tuck, Donald Fraser and Donald Zim­ 12. The Coast lakes. merman have reported on the Blue River mining 13. The McKenzie river. district, geology of the Oakridge section of the Investigators in this Field Willamette river, and the Long Tom area respec­ The earliest worker in this county was, of tively in master's theses. All of these have proved course, the pioneer geologist of the Oregon Coun­ to be valuable contributions to the geology of this try, the late Dr. Thomas Condon, who was the county. first professor of this subject in the University Francis Wells and Aaron Waters, U. S. Geo­ of Oregon. Condon was the originator of the so­ logical Survey, have made valuable contributions called "Willamette Sound" theory. With him was to Lane County geology in their study of the associated for many happy years his daughter, "Quicksilver Deposits of Southwestern Oregon" Ellen Condon McCornack, who prepared the first in which publication they cover quite completely general geological map of the state for student use. the geology of the Black Butte district in south­ Next we should mention the veteran U. S. Geo- ern Lane.
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