Observação Visual De Eta Aquilae: Uma Atividade Multidisciplinar
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Variable Star Classification and Light Curves Manual
Variable Star Classification and Light Curves An AAVSO course for the Carolyn Hurless Online Institute for Continuing Education in Astronomy (CHOICE) This is copyrighted material meant only for official enrollees in this online course. Do not share this document with others. Please do not quote from it without prior permission from the AAVSO. Table of Contents Course Description and Requirements for Completion Chapter One- 1. Introduction . What are variable stars? . The first known variable stars 2. Variable Star Names . Constellation names . Greek letters (Bayer letters) . GCVS naming scheme . Other naming conventions . Naming variable star types 3. The Main Types of variability Extrinsic . Eclipsing . Rotating . Microlensing Intrinsic . Pulsating . Eruptive . Cataclysmic . X-Ray 4. The Variability Tree Chapter Two- 1. Rotating Variables . The Sun . BY Dra stars . RS CVn stars . Rotating ellipsoidal variables 2. Eclipsing Variables . EA . EB . EW . EP . Roche Lobes 1 Chapter Three- 1. Pulsating Variables . Classical Cepheids . Type II Cepheids . RV Tau stars . Delta Sct stars . RR Lyr stars . Miras . Semi-regular stars 2. Eruptive Variables . Young Stellar Objects . T Tau stars . FUOrs . EXOrs . UXOrs . UV Cet stars . Gamma Cas stars . S Dor stars . R CrB stars Chapter Four- 1. Cataclysmic Variables . Dwarf Novae . Novae . Recurrent Novae . Magnetic CVs . Symbiotic Variables . Supernovae 2. Other Variables . Gamma-Ray Bursters . Active Galactic Nuclei 2 Course Description and Requirements for Completion This course is an overview of the types of variable stars most commonly observed by AAVSO observers. We discuss the physical processes behind what makes each type variable and how this is demonstrated in their light curves. Variable star names and nomenclature are placed in a historical context to aid in understanding today’s classification scheme. -
Alternate Constellation Guide
ARKANSAS NATURAL SKY ASSOCIATION LEARNING THE CONSTELLATIONS (Library Telescope Manual included) By Robert Togni Cover Image courtesy of Wikimedia. Do not write in this book, and return with scope to library. A personal copy of this guide can be obtained online at www.darkskyarkansas.com Preface This publication was inspired by and built upon Robert (Rocky) Togni’s quest to share the night sky with all who can be enticed under it. His belief is that the best place to start a relationship with the night sky is to learn the constellations and explore the principle ob- jects within them with the naked eye and a pair of common binoculars. Over a period of years, Rocky evolved a concept, using seasonal asterisms like the Summer Triangle and the Winter Hexagon, to create an easy to use set of simple charts to make learning one’s way around the night sky as simple and fun as possible. Recognizing that the most avid defenders of the natural night time environment are those who have grown to know and love nature at night and exploring the universe that it re- veals, the Arkansas Natural Sky Association (ANSA) asked Rocky if the Association could publish his guide. The hope being that making this available in printed form at vari- ous star parties and other relevant venues would help bring more people to the night sky as well as provide funds for the Association’s work. Once hooked, the owner will definitely want to seek deeper guides. But there is no better publication for opening the sky for the neophyte observer, making the guide the perfect companion for a library telescope. -
Downloads/ Astero2007.Pdf) and by Aerts Et Al (2010)
This work is protected by copyright and other intellectual property rights and duplication or sale of all or part is not permitted, except that material may be duplicated by you for research, private study, criticism/review or educational purposes. Electronic or print copies are for your own personal, non- commercial use and shall not be passed to any other individual. No quotation may be published without proper acknowledgement. For any other use, or to quote extensively from the work, permission must be obtained from the copyright holder/s. i Fundamental Properties of Solar-Type Eclipsing Binary Stars, and Kinematic Biases of Exoplanet Host Stars Richard J. Hutcheon Submitted in accordance with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Research Institute: School of Environmental and Physical Sciences and Applied Mathematics. University of Keele June 2015 ii iii Abstract This thesis is in three parts: 1) a kinematical study of exoplanet host stars, 2) a study of the detached eclipsing binary V1094 Tau and 3) and observations of other eclipsing binaries. Part I investigates kinematical biases between two methods of detecting exoplanets; the ground based transit and radial velocity methods. Distances of the host stars from each method lie in almost non-overlapping groups. Samples of host stars from each group are selected. They are compared by means of matching comparison samples of stars not known to have exoplanets. The detection methods are found to introduce a negligible bias into the metallicities of the host stars but the ground based transit method introduces a median age bias of about -2 Gyr. -
2013 Version
Citizen Science with Variable Stars Brought to you by the AAVSO, Astronomers without Borders, the National Science Foundation and Your Universe Astronomers need your help! Many bright stars change in brightness all the time and for many different reasons. Some stars are too bright for professionals to CitizenSky is a collaboration of the look at with most large telescopes. So, we American Association of need your help to watch these stars as they Variable Star Observers (AAVSO), the University of dim and brighten over the next several years. Denver, the Adler Planetarium, the Johns Hopkins University and the California Academies of This guide will help you find these bright Science with support from the National Science Foundation. stars, measure their brightness and then submit the measurements to assist professional astronomers. Participate in one of the largest and longest running citizen science projects in history! Thousands of people just like you are helping o ut. Astronomers need large numbers of people to get the amount of precision they need to do their research. You are the key. Header artwork is reproduced with permission from Sky & Telescope magazine (www.skyandtelescope.com) Betelgeuse – Alpha Orionis From the city or country sky, from almost any part of the world, the majestic figure of Orion dominates the night sky with his belt, sword, and club. Low and to the right is the great red pulsating supergiant, Betelgeuse (alpha Orionis). Recently acquiring fame for being the first star to have its atmosphere directly imaged (shown below), alpha Orionis has captivated observers' attention for centuries. At minimum brightness, as in 1927 and 1941, its magnitude may drop below 1.2. -
FY13 High-Level Deliverables
National Optical Astronomy Observatory Fiscal Year Annual Report for FY 2013 (1 October 2012 – 30 September 2013) Submitted to the National Science Foundation Pursuant to Cooperative Support Agreement No. AST-0950945 13 December 2013 Revised 18 September 2014 Contents NOAO MISSION PROFILE .................................................................................................... 1 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ 2 2 NOAO ACCOMPLISHMENTS ....................................................................................... 4 2.1 Achievements ..................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Status of Vision and Goals ................................................................................. 5 2.2.1 Status of FY13 High-Level Deliverables ............................................ 5 2.2.2 FY13 Planned vs. Actual Spending and Revenues .............................. 8 2.3 Challenges and Their Impacts ............................................................................ 9 3 SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES AND FINDINGS .............................................................. 11 3.1 Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory ....................................................... 11 3.2 Kitt Peak National Observatory ....................................................................... 14 3.3 Gemini Observatory ........................................................................................ -
GEORGE HERBIG and Early Stellar Evolution
GEORGE HERBIG and Early Stellar Evolution Bo Reipurth Institute for Astronomy Special Publications No. 1 George Herbig in 1960 —————————————————————– GEORGE HERBIG and Early Stellar Evolution —————————————————————– Bo Reipurth Institute for Astronomy University of Hawaii at Manoa 640 North Aohoku Place Hilo, HI 96720 USA . Dedicated to Hannelore Herbig c 2016 by Bo Reipurth Version 1.0 – April 19, 2016 Cover Image: The HH 24 complex in the Lynds 1630 cloud in Orion was discov- ered by Herbig and Kuhi in 1963. This near-infrared HST image shows several collimated Herbig-Haro jets emanating from an embedded multiple system of T Tauri stars. Courtesy Space Telescope Science Institute. This book can be referenced as follows: Reipurth, B. 2016, http://ifa.hawaii.edu/SP1 i FOREWORD I first learned about George Herbig’s work when I was a teenager. I grew up in Denmark in the 1950s, a time when Europe was healing the wounds after the ravages of the Second World War. Already at the age of 7 I had fallen in love with astronomy, but information was very hard to come by in those days, so I scraped together what I could, mainly relying on the local library. At some point I was introduced to the magazine Sky and Telescope, and soon invested my pocket money in a subscription. Every month I would sit at our dining room table with a dictionary and work my way through the latest issue. In one issue I read about Herbig-Haro objects, and I was completely mesmerized that these objects could be signposts of the formation of stars, and I dreamt about some day being able to contribute to this field of study. -
Aerodynamic Phenomena in Stellar Atmospheres, a Bibliography
- PB 151389 knical rlote 91c. 30 Moulder laboratories AERODYNAMIC PHENOMENA STELLAR ATMOSPHERES -A BIBLIOGRAPHY U. S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS ^M THE NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS Functions and Activities The functions of the National Bureau of Standards are set forth in the Act of Congress, March 3, 1901, as amended by Congress in Public Law 619, 1950. These include the development and maintenance of the national standards of measurement and the provision of means and methods for making measurements consistent with these standards; the determination of physical constants and properties of materials; the development of methods and instruments for testing materials, devices, and structures; advisory services to government agencies on scientific and technical problems; in- vention and development of devices to serve special needs of the Government; and the development of standard practices, codes, and specifications. The work includes basic and applied research, development, engineering, instrumentation, testing, evaluation, calibration services, and various consultation and information services. Research projects are also performed for other government agencies when the work relates to and supplements the basic program of the Bureau or when the Bureau's unique competence is required. The scope of activities is suggested by the listing of divisions and sections on the inside of the back cover. Publications The results of the Bureau's work take the form of either actual equipment and devices or pub- lished papers. -
Astronomy 2009 Index
Astronomy Magazine 2009 Index Subject Index 1RXS J160929.1-210524 (star), 1:24 4C 60.07 (galaxy pair), 2:24 6dFGS (Six Degree Field Galaxy Survey), 8:18 21-centimeter (neutral hydrogen) tomography, 12:10 93 Minerva (asteroid), 12:18 2008 TC3 (asteroid), 1:24 2009 FH (asteroid), 7:19 A Abell 21 (Medusa Nebula), 3:70 Abell 1656 (Coma galaxy cluster), 3:8–9, 6:16 Allen Telescope Array (ATA) radio telescope, 12:10 ALMA (Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array), 4:21, 9:19 Alpha (α) Canis Majoris (Sirius) (star), 2:68, 10:77 Alpha (α) Orionis (star). See Betelgeuse (Alpha [α] Orionis) (star) Alpha Centauri (star), 2:78 amateur astronomy, 10:18, 11:48–53, 12:19, 56 Andromeda Galaxy (M31) merging with Milky Way, 3:51 midpoint between Milky Way Galaxy and, 1:62–63 ultraviolet images of, 12:22 Antarctic Neumayer Station III, 6:19 Anthe (moon of Saturn), 1:21 Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST), 4:24 APEX (Atacama Pathfinder Experiment) radio telescope, 3:19 Apollo missions, 8:19 AR11005 (sunspot group), 11:79 Arches Cluster, 10:22 Ares launch system, 1:37, 3:19, 9:19 Ariane 5 rocket, 4:21 Arianespace SA, 4:21 Armstrong, Neil A., 2:20 Arp 147 (galaxy pair), 2:20 Arp 194 (galaxy group), 8:21 art, cosmology-inspired, 5:10 ASPERA (Astroparticle European Research Area), 1:26 asteroids. See also names of specific asteroids binary, 1:32–33 close approach to Earth, 6:22, 7:19 collision with Jupiter, 11:20 collisions with Earth, 1:24 composition of, 10:55 discovery of, 5:21 effect of environment on surface of, 8:22 measuring distant, 6:23 moons orbiting, -
Astronomers Need Your Help!
Citizen Science with variable stars Brought to you by the AAVSO, the Naonal Science Foundaon and Your Universe Astronomers need your help! Variable stars are stars that change in brightness over 1me. There are too many for professional astronomers to monitor alone. So, we need your help to monitor these stars over days, weeks and years. This guide will help you find some bright variable stars, measure their brightness and Ci#zenSky is a collaboraon of then submit the measurements to assist the American Associaon of professional astronomers. Variable Star Observers (AAVSO), the University of Denver, the Adler Planetarium, the Johns Hopkins University Par1cipate in one of the oldest ci1zen science and the California Academies projects in history! Thousands of people just of Science with support from the Naonal Science like you are also helping out. Astronomers Foundaon. need large numbers of people to get the amount of precision they need to do their research. You are the key. Header artwork is reproduced with permission from Sky & Telescope magazine (www.skyandtelescope.com) This is a Light Curve It shows how a star’s brightness changes over 1me. Light curves are a fundamental tool for variable star astronomy. They are relavely simple and easy to grasp. They are simply a graph of brightness (Y axis) vs. 1me (X axis). Brightness increases as you go up the graph and 1me advances as you move to the right. The brightness of a star is measured in units of “magnitude”. No1ce that the magnitude scale on the graph above shows smaller numbers as the star gets brighter and larger numbers as the star gets fainter. -
The Detection of Companion Stars to the Cepheid Variables Eta Aquilae and T Monocerotis
THE DETECTION OF COMPANION STARS TO THE CEPHEID VARIABLES ETA AQUILAE AND T MONOCEROTIS John T. Mariska, G.A. Doschek, and U. Feldman E.O. Hulburt Center for Space Research Naval Research Laboratory ABSTRACT We have obtained ultraviolet spectra with IUE of the classical Cepheid variables _ Aql and T Mon at several phases in their periods. For D Aql significant ultraviolet emission is detected at wavelengths less than 1600 _, where little flux is expected from classical Ce_heids. Further- more, the emission at wavelengths less than about 1600 A does not vary with phase. Comparison with model atmosphere flux distributions shows that the nonvariable emission is consistent with the flux expected from a main- sequence companion star with an effective temperature of about 9500 K (A0 V - AI V). For T Mona nonvarying component to the ultraviolet emission is observed for wavelengths less than about 2600 _. Comparison with model atmosphere flux distributions suggests that the companion has an effective temperature of around 10,000 K (A0) and is near the main sequence. INTRODUCTION AND OBSERVATIONS Classical Cepheids are a major element in the determination of galactic and extragalactic distances. Thus determinations of their masses and ab- solute magnitudes are of considerable interest. One method for determining these properties is to study binary systems containing Cepheids. We report evidence here that the classical Cepheids q Aql and T Mon have companion stars. As part of a program to study classical Cepheids with IUE, we obtained spectra of N Aql and T Mon on several days in 1979. All of the spectra were obtained at low resolution. -
Pulsation Velocity Curves for 3 Cepheid Variables
Pulsation Velocity Curves for 3 Cepheid Variables Kevin B. Stevenson∗ Department of Astronomy, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, N6A 3K7, Canada ABSTRACT A total of 44 usable observations were made of three of the brightest Classical Cepheids in the sky, δ Cephei, η Aquilae and ζ Geminorum. In each exposure, four Fe I spectral lines in the 6250 A˚ region were normalized, converted to a velocity span, averaged, then fitted by a model. The resulting model parameters from each exposure were then used to create a pulsation velocity curve as a function of phase and without the use of a projection factor typically used in other techniques. Acceptable agreement is found in comparing the radial velocity curves with Barnes, Bersier and Nardetto. The amplitudes of radius variation, used in the Baade- Wesselink method, were determined to be 3.54 × 106, 4.59 × 106 and 4.75 × 106 km for δ Cephei, η Aquilae and ζ Geminorum, respectively. Keywords: Cepheid variables, Delta Cephei, Eta Aquilae, Zeta Geminorum, radial velocity, Baade-Wesselink 1. INTRODUCTION A Cepheid variable is a particular type of variable star, an intrinsic pulsating variable. The variability is caused by physical changes within the star itself which causes its radius to expand and contract periodically. This process is part of its natural evolution as it ages and occurs in the instability strip of the Hertzsprung-Russell (HR) Diagram. A Cepheid varies in luminosity and spectral type with a generally stable, well determined period. Once its period is known, the star’s absolute magnitude can be precisely determined using the following empirically derived relation: Mν = −2.76 log(Π) − 1.4, (1) where Mν is the absolute magnitude and Π is the period in days. -
Extrasolar Planets and Their Host Stars
Kaspar von Braun & Tabetha S. Boyajian Extrasolar Planets and Their Host Stars July 25, 2017 arXiv:1707.07405v1 [astro-ph.EP] 24 Jul 2017 Springer Preface In astronomy or indeed any collaborative environment, it pays to figure out with whom one can work well. From existing projects or simply conversations, research ideas appear, are developed, take shape, sometimes take a detour into some un- expected directions, often need to be refocused, are sometimes divided up and/or distributed among collaborators, and are (hopefully) published. After a number of these cycles repeat, something bigger may be born, all of which one then tries to simultaneously fit into one’s head for what feels like a challenging amount of time. That was certainly the case a long time ago when writing a PhD dissertation. Since then, there have been postdoctoral fellowships and appointments, permanent and adjunct positions, and former, current, and future collaborators. And yet, con- versations spawn research ideas, which take many different turns and may divide up into a multitude of approaches or related or perhaps unrelated subjects. Again, one had better figure out with whom one likes to work. And again, in the process of writing this Brief, one needs create something bigger by focusing the relevant pieces of work into one (hopefully) coherent manuscript. It is an honor, a privi- lege, an amazing experience, and simply a lot of fun to be and have been working with all the people who have had an influence on our work and thereby on this book. To quote the late and great Jim Croce: ”If you dig it, do it.