FY13 High-Level Deliverables

Home , 101 Piscium, 12 Cancri, 14 Cancri, 15 Cancri, 17 Monocerotis, 18 Monocerotis

National Optical Astronomy Observatory Fiscal Year Annual Report for FY 2013 (1 October 2012 – 30 September 2013)

Submitted to the National Science Foundation

Pursuant to Cooperative Support Agreement No. AST-0950945 13 December 2013 Revised 18 September 2014

Contents

NOAO MISSION PROFILE ...... 1

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 2

2 NOAO ACCOMPLISHMENTS ...... 4 2.1 Achievements ...... 4 2.2 Status of Vision and Goals ...... 5 2.2.1 Status of FY13 High-Level Deliverables ...... 5 2.2.2 FY13 Planned vs. Actual Spending and Revenues ...... 8 2.3 Challenges and Their Impacts ...... 9

3 SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES AND FINDINGS ...... 11 3.1 Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory ...... 11 3.2 Kitt Peak National Observatory ...... 14 3.3 Gemini Observatory ...... 17 3.4 Community Access Facilities ...... 19

4 GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM OPERATIONS ...... 20 4.1 NOAO South ...... 20 4.1.1 CTIO ...... 20 4.1.2 NOAO South Engineering & Technical Services ...... 25 4.1.3 NOAO South Facilities Operations ...... 25 4.1.4 NOAO South Computer Infrastructure Services ...... 27 4.2 NOAO North ...... 28 4.2.1 KPNO ...... 28 4.2.2 NOAO North Engineering & Technical Services ...... 32 4.2.3 NOAO North Central Facilities Operations ...... 33 4.2.4 NOAO North Computer Infrastructure Services ...... 34

i NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

4.3 NOAO System Science Center ...... 36 4.3.1 System User Support...... 37 4.3.2 Science Data Management ...... 38 4.3.3 Time Allocation Committee ...... 41 4.3.4 System Community Development ...... 43 4.4 NOAO System Technology Center ...... 47 4.4.1 System Instrumentation ...... 47 4.4.2 ReSTAR Instrumentation...... 48 4.4.3 Telescope System Instrumentation Program ...... 49 4.4.4 LSST Technology ...... 50

5 NOAO-WIDE PROGRAMS ...... 56 5.1 Office of Science ...... 56 5.2 Education and Public Outreach ...... 57 5.3 NOAO Director’s Office ...... 64 5.4 ARRA Infrastructure Renewal ...... 67

APPENDICES ...... 69

A FY13 BUDGET BY PROGRAM ...... 70 A.1 FY13 Expenditures ...... 70 A.2 FY13 Revenue ...... 75 A.3 FY13 Funds Carried Forward to FY14...... 78

B NOAO KEY MANAGEMENT & SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY ...... 79 B.1 NOAO Key Management during FY13...... 79 B.2 Scientific Staff Changes during FY13 ...... 79 B.3 Division of Effort—NOAO Scientific/Management Staff ...... 80 B.4 Scientific Staff Accomplishments and Plans ...... 88

C NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS ...... 117

D PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES & ARCHIVES.. 130 D.1 Telescopes at Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory ...... 130 D.2 Telescopes at Kitt Peak National observatory ...... 137 D.3 Gemini Telescopes (NOAO System Science Center) ...... 147 D.4 W. M. Keck Observatory: Keck I and II ...... 152 D.5 HET and MMT ...... 153 D.6 Magellan I and II ...... 153 D.7 CHARA and Hale ...... 153 D.8 NOAO Science Archive ...... 153

ii CONTENTS

E USAGE STATISTICS FOR ARCHIVED DATA ...... 157

F TELESCOPE PROPOSAL STATISTICS ...... 159 F.1 Semester 2013A Proposal Statistics ...... 159 F.2 Semester 2013B Proposal Statistics ...... 160

G OBSERVING PROGRAMS & INVESTIGATORS FOR 2013 ...... 162 G.1 Demographics ...... 162 G.2 Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory ...... 164 G.3 Kitt Peak National Observatory ...... 171 G.4 Gemini Observatory ...... 179 G.5 Community Access to Private Telescopes ...... 194

H BROADENING PARTICIPATION ...... 198

I GRANTS OBTAINED IN Q4 ...... 203

J SAFETY REPORT FOR Q4 ...... 204

ERRATA The 13 December 2013 version of this report included an erroneous value for FY13 outside revenue in one table. The necessary Appendix A corrections are shown in this 18 September 2014 revision:

1. Section A.1 FY13 Expenditures, Table A-1 (continuation) on page 72: a. FY13 Program Outside Revenue was corrected from “(9,689,464)” to “(10,304,393)” b. FY13 Total NOAO Carry-Forward was corrected from “(1,935,360)” to “(1,935,361)” 2. Section A.3 FY13 Funds Carried Forward to FY14, Table A-3 on page 78: a. NOAO Funds Carried Forward was corrected from “1,935,360” to “1,935,361” b. Total Funds Carried Forward was corrected from “2,354,242” to “2,354,243”

Cover Caption The top portion of the cover shows an image of the NGC 1398 galaxy taken by the Dark Energy Survey (DES) with the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) on the Blanco 4-m telescope at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) in Chile. Commissioning of DECam was complete by the end of October 2012, science verification began November 1, the dedication was November 9, and community shared-risk observations started December 1. The DES began officially 31 August 2013; the survey team will use DECam, built by Fermilab, to systematically map one-eighth (5000 square degrees) of the sky. (Image credit: Dark Energy Survey.) The bottom portion of the cover shows a cropped image of the spiral galaxy M51 taken by One Degree Imager (ODI) on the WIYN 3.5-m telescope on Kitt Peak in Arizona. This image demonstrates the excellent sharpness of the ODI in its partially populated focal plane mode (pODI), which uses a little less than one fourth of the total detector locations. The wide field of the One Degree Imager camera made it possible to capture the entire galaxy and its companion in one pointing, something the Hubble Space Telescope cannot do. Shared-risk observing with pODI began 1 March 2013, and scientific commissioning of its two operational modes, traditional static imaging and coherent guiding, continued throughout fiscal year (FY) 2013. A project to expand the ODI partial focal plane from 24 arcmin square to 48 arcmin square began near the end of this fiscal year. (Image credit: K. Rhode, M. Young, and WIYN/NOAO/AURA/NSF.)

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NOAO MISSION PROFILE

The National Optical Astronomy Observatory (NOAO) is the US national research and development center for ground-based nighttime astronomy. Its core mission is to provide access for all qual- ified professional researchers, via peer review, to state-of-the-art scientific capabilities. Through that access, the US research community is investigating a broad range of modern astrophysical challenges from small bodies within our own Solar System, to the most distant galaxies in the early Universe, to indirect observations of dark energy and dark matter. To support that mission and help further US leadership in the international arena, NOAO is leading the development of the US Ground-Based Optical/Infrared (O/IR) System—the ensemble of public and private observatories dedicated to international leadership in scientific research, technical innovation, education, and public outreach. NOAO also is leading programs that help enable a new generation of telescopes, instruments, and software tools to meet the research challenges of the next decade. In particular, NOAO is lever- aging in-house scientific and technical expertise gained over 50 years to participate in the development of the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, a unique 8-m-class, wide-field imaging telescope. Additionally, NOAO is involved in the development of major, wide-field imaging and spectroscopic surveys at the Blanco and Mayall 4-m telescopes as well as more-narrow-field 20-m and larger telescopes with unprecedented spatial resolution and light grasp. Together, these new facilities will make possible revolutionary advances in the physical understanding of dark energy and dark matter, galactic evolution, time-domain activity of supermassive black holes at the centers of nearby galaxies, and icy bodies in the outer reaches of our Solar System. By pushing back the frontiers of our understanding, these facilities will surely uncover cosmic phenomena unforeseen today. To communicate the excitement and opportunities of world-class scientific research and technology development, NOAO operates a nationally recognized Education and Public Outreach (EPO) program. The NOAO EPO program strives to promote scientific literacy and inspire young people to become explorers in science and research-based technology, especially within groups that have been historically underrepresented in the US physics and astronomy science enterprise. The Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA) operates NOAO under a cooperative agreement with the National Science Foundation (NSF).

1 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

This is the NOAO Fiscal Year Annual Report for fiscal year 2013 (FY13). This report fulfills requirements established by the Cooperative Support Agreement (AST-0950945) between NSF and AURA. NOAO and the research community it serves strive for significant leadership roles at the science frontiers defined by the Astro2010 decadal survey report New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics (NWNH) including characterization of the nature of dark energy, mapping the 3-D distribution of dark matter at cosmological distances, exploration and characterization of the time-domain, and exoplanet characterization and the study of their parent stars. Such leadership is exercised through a range of project sizes, from a few nights to tens of nights of observations per year over several years, and by providing access to general-purpose instrumentation on world-class facilities. To enable scientific and technological leadership, NOAO works closely and actively with university-based groups, other US-led observatories, other US national science centers, major international science collaborations, and, especially, our dynamic and world-leading user community. During this fiscal year, NOAO continued to operate and improve the four 4-m-class facilities at Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) in Arizona and Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) in the Republic of Chile. As NSF and non-NSF funding permitted, other facilities were supported. Current science capabilities at these observatories continue to enable a broad range of forefront scientific research. Facilities infrastructure support was provided to many tenant and partner facilities at both sites on a fee-for-service basis. The number of such hosted facilities continues to grow, especially on Cerro Tololo. Behind the scenes, NOAO completed several significant infrastructure renewal projects at its base and mountain facilities in Arizona and Chile. NOAO technical personnel repaired the ƒ/8 secondary mirror for the Blanco telescope in Chile. As reported in this report for FY12, the mirror had been damaged last year. The ƒ/8 in its modernized cell saw first light in August 2013, re-enabling access to the Blanco Cassegrain instrument suite. The 2.2-degree-wide optical imager Dark Energy Camera (DECam) was used this year to begin the five-year Dark Energy Survey (DES) on the Blanco telescope. The instrument was commissioned early in the fiscal year and underwent science verification by both DES and community users. New, medium- resolution, optical imaging multi-object spectrometers for both the Mayall 4-m and Blanco 4-m telescopes were integrated in Tucson. The Mayall spectrograph was delivered to Kitt Peak and will be commissioned in the first quarter of FY14. Significant design and development progress was made toward the implementation of the 3-degree-wide, 5000-fiber, multi-object spectrometer Dark Energy Spectro- scopic Instrument (DESI) for the Mayall telescope. In terms of nights, the Gemini Observatory provided the most US community access at the 6-m to 10-m aperture level, as NOAO continued to be the US gateway to Gemini. Additional nights on large aperture telescopes at the W. M. Keck and MMT observatories were provided to the community as a return for NSF investment in instrumentation projects at those observatories through the NOAO-managed Telescope System Instrumentation Program (TSIP). During FY13, TSIP nights were not available at Ma- gellan. The community had access to the Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT)—principally for use of the multi-object, wide field-of-view spectrometer AAOmega—in exchange for Australian use of DECam. Community access also was provided by the Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy (CHARA) on Mt. Wilson for optical interferometry. Scientific demand as measured by over-subscription rates (nights requested divided by nights available) remained strong for the facilities NOAO operated and to which NOAO provided access. There is a clear trend that modern, world-class instruments are more in demand. Scientific productivity measured

2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

by the number of papers published by the community-at-large and the NOAO scientific staff in particular also remained strong. Looking to the future, NOAO remained highly engaged in the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) Project as the lead institution for Telescope System and Site Development. Preparation for major reviews by the Department of Energy (DOE) and NSF was a core focus this year. NOAO provided LSST scientific leadership in the areas of operations simulations, the variable sky characterization, transient event follow-up observations planning, and LSST Science Collaboration engagement. NOAO established a collaborative effort with the University of Arizona Computer Science Department to develop a transient broker (for use with both LSST and precursor event streams). The team received a cross-disciplinary multiyear NSF grant for development, which includes pay for a postdoc to be hosted at NOAO. NOAO launched a new program in FY13 to engage the US community in the Thirty Meter Tele- scope (TMT) project. This multiyear effort is supported through an NSF award to TMT. A community science meeting was held in Hawaii, and NOAO played a key role in helping to organize the meeting on behalf of TMT. NOAO scientists are now sitting on the TMT collaborative board, the science advisory committee, and science working group, as well as the Education and Public Outreach advisory committee. The NOAO Education and Public Outreach program carried out a broad and varied plan that touched on many aspects of the NSF goals of broadening the participation of underrepresented individuals, groups, and institutions. Activities supporting those goals were carried out primarily in Arizona and Chile. In this fiscal year all activities funded by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) were successfully completed. In total, NOAO executed a $5.8M program of infrastructure renewal with ARRA funding over four years. NOAO business services and human resources transitioned to a central AURA-based organization that provides services to all AURA Centers.

3 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

2 NOAO ACCOMPLISHMENTS

2.1 ACHIEVEMENTS Based on scientific merit as judged by peer review, NOAO provided access to 16 NOAO and non-NOAO telescopes for 1395 scientists involved in 386 new and on-going research projects. The number of projects that sought time (797) was approximately 2.1 times larger. The majority of scientists who were allocated time (949, not including NOAO scientists) came from 189 US institutions distributed across 42 of the United States (including the District of Columbia). The top five institutions by number of investigators were Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Space Telescope Science Institute, University of Arizona, and Pennsylvania State University. About 7% of the allocated time went to programs whose principal investigators were at foreign institutions. The total number of scientists and projects was higher than last year reflecting that DECam and Blanco were scheduled again after a long installation process in FY12. The total number of Gemini nights had also increased following reorganization of the partnership. Based on observations obtained in previous years, the NOAO user community (including NOAO scientists) published 520 refereed papers. Crabtree (2013 private communications) illustrates that NOAO Mayall and Blanco telescopes were two of the most productive astronomical telescopes in the world in the period of 2005–2011. On a continuing, annual basis, NOAO supports the largest and broadest research community of any US ground-based astronomical observatory. Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory celebrated fifty years of operations in FY13. A well attended science and history workshop was held in La Serena in May. Several former observatory directors and science staff attended, as did many young investigators to present papers on “Wide-Field Imaging Science.” Implementation of Large Science Programs at NOAO continued with major progress in FY13. In Chile, the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) was commissioned, including science verification. The instrument was used by community observers for eight months; the key project, Dark Energy Survey, began in August 2013. NOAO routinely operated the community pipeline for DECam as well as the data transport system that delivers images to both Tucson (community science) and National Center for Supercompu- ting Applications (NCSA) in Illinois (DES science). In Arizona, collaboration continued with the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) project to deploy a 3-degree, 5000-fiber multi-object spectrometer at the Mayall 4-m in 2018. Both experiments are building the expertise within NOAO in Big Data science as LSST approaches on the horizon. NOAO remained the lead organization for the LSST Telescope and Site design, development, and construction work package. LSST work was supported by a combination of NSF base and supplementary funds. While preparation for and participation in several major DOE/NSF reviews drove the high-level schedule this year, significant design work was completed on all major subsystems within this work package. The joint NSF/NOAO/community initiative, Renewing Small Telescopes for Astronomical Research (ReSTAR), made major progress this year. The optical spectrographs Kitt Peak Ohio State Multi-Object Spectrograph (KOSMOS) and CTIO Ohio State Multi-Object Spectrograph (COSMOS) were integrated in Tucson. KOSMOS was delivered to Kitt Peak for commissioning in early FY14 (COSMOS will be delivered in the second quarter of FY14). The TripleSpec4 near-infrared spectrograph project for the Blanco telescope also made good progress in design and fabrication at Cornell University and NOAO South in FY13. The SOAR Adaptive Module (SAM) went into regular operation in late FY13. Users were awarded time and scheduled observations took place starting in August 2013. A first science paper, authored by NOAO scientists, from the SAM commissioning was accepted for publication in FY13.

4 NOAO ACCOMPLISHMENTS

NOAO completed all projects associated with the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) in this Fiscal Year. The nationally recognized Education and Public Outreach (EPO) program at NOAO was awarded a new grant as a co-investigator of the University of Alaska. The grant uses art to engage Native American and other young women, who are often strong in visual abilities, in science. This “Colors of Nature” program successfully hosted young women in both Alaska and Tucson in FY13. The EPO group held several hundred individual outreach events through the year in both Chile and Arizona with a total attendance of approximately 20,000 individuals.

2.2 STATUS OF VISION AND GOALS The NOAO Annual Program Plan FY 2013 (APP13) defined the high-level NOAO deliverables for FY13 in its Executive Summary. Those high-level deliverables are restated below in section 2.2.1 with notes on their status at the end of FY13. In section 2.2.2, planned spending and revenues for FY13 are compared to actual spending and revenues for that period. Significant differences between planned and actual are discussed. Status notes are provided in sections 4 and 5 of this report for all lower-level program milestones established in APP13.

2.2.1 Status of FY13 High-Level Deliverables From FY13 NSF base funding, NOAO plans to deliver and/or enable: . Operation and maintenance of NOAO facilities in Tucson and on Kitt Peak (Mayall 4-m, WIYN 3.5- m, and 2.1-m telescopes). Status: Ongoing. Details are provided in section 4.2. The ReSTAR optical spectrograph KOSMOS was delivered to KPNO at the end of FY13. . Operation and maintenance of NOAO facilities in La Serena (including the AURA recinto— compound) and on Cerro Tololo and Cerro Pachón (Blanco 4-m and SOAR 4.1-m telescopes). Status: Ongoing. Details are provided in section 4.1. Dark Energy Survey began and the Blanco ƒ/8 secondary mirror was successfully re-installed and tested on sky. . Scientific user support services and community development activities for the non-NOAO facilities within the US Optical/Infrared (O/IR) System, especially the Gemini Observatory. Status: Ongoing. Details are given in section 4.3. NOAO was awarded an NSF IINSPIRE grant (as a Co-I) along with University of Arizona to develop a transient alert broker. . Commissioning, science verification, and community and DES operation of the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) at the Blanco 4-m telescope. Status: Completed. Details are in section 4.1.1. . Commissioning and science verification of the Kitt Peak Ohio State Multi-Object Spectrograph (KOSMOS) at the Mayall 4-m telescope. Status: Partially completed. The instrument was delivered to KPNO at the end of FY13. Commis- sioning began in early FY14.

5 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

. Acceptance of the Cerro Tololo Ohio State Multi-Object Spectrograph (COSMOS) at the Blanco 4- m telescope. Status: Partially completed. The instrument was integrated in Tucson by the end of FY13. In the second quarter of FY14, the instrument will be delivered to CTIO. . Design and development (ReSTAR 1) of a detector package for TripleSpec4, a medium resolution near infrared spectrograph for Blanco 4-m. Status: In progress. See section 4.4.2 for details. The bare MUX was tested and most parts were completed for the test Dewar.

. NOAO contribution to the WIYN One Degree Imager (ODI) project, including on-sky commissioning of the instrument with a partially filled focal plane. Status: Completed. See section 4.2.1 for details. ODI with the partially filled focal plane is in regular use at WIYN. . Initial science operations for a ground-layer adaptive-optics system with laser guide star for the SOAR 4.1-m telescope (and an associated imager). Status: Completed. See section 4.4.1 for details. SAM was used in shared-risk mode by community observers at the end of FY13. . New detector system controllers for various instruments on Kitt Peak and Cerro Tololo based on the MONSOON/TORRENT development program. Status: Completed. See section 4.2.2 for details . Program and scientific management support of various ReSTAR (Renewing Small Telescopes for Astronomical Research) Phase 1 projects. Status: Ongoing. See section 4.4.1 for details. . Design and development activity for the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST), including telescope systems and on-site support facilities. Status: Ongoing. See section 4.4.4 for more information. The project moved toward its final design review by completing an independent director’s review in August. The summit facility design package was received from ARCADIS in Chile. The M2 assembly design/build contract was awarded. The Telescope Mount Assembly package went out for bid. . Science data management services that are focused on immediate NOAO needs, including science operations of the Dark Energy Camera and WIYN One Degree Imager. Status: Ongoing. See section 4.3.2 for details. . Education and Public Outreach program that is focused on critical, local activities and needs while maintaining a national (global) perspective through targeted, innovative programs. Status: Ongoing. See section 5.2 for more information. The EPO group successfully executed the first year of a novel education program, “Colors of Nature,” with the University of Alaska. The program uses the physics of color to encourage young women to participate in the science enterprise through art. . Technical and management support/planning for the possible deployment of the BigBOSS spectrograph on the Mayall 4-m telescope.

6 NOAO ACCOMPLISHMENTS

Status: Ongoing. See section 4.2.2 for details. . Science support activities for LSST and the LSST community. Status: Ongoing. See section 4.3.4 for more information. A workshop on “Spectroscopy in the LSST Era” was held in Tucson, and a report with recommendations was delivered. NOAO was awarded an NSF IINSPIRE grant with the University of Arizona Computer Science Department to develop a transient event broker. . Administrative and facility operations services necessary for an organization with more than 250 employees at two geographically distributed sites. Status: Ongoing. See sections 4.1.3, 4.1.4, 4.2.3, and 4.2.4 for details.

From FY13 (or earlier) NSF supplementary funding, NOAO plans to deliver and/or enable: . Completion of the deferred maintenance catch-up and infrastructure improvement program (so-called stimulus funding from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009). Status: Completed. See section 5.4 for details. . Annual Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) programs in Tucson and La Serena. Status: Ongoing. See section 5.2 for details. . Continued support of current partners (Vanderbilt University/Fisk University and South Carolina State University) in the Partnerships in Astronomy & Astrophysics Research and Education (PAARE) program. Status: Ongoing, but no activity during FY13. . Additional design and development activity for LSST. Status: Ongoing. See section 4.4.4 and the milestone above for more information. . Construction completion of a new, medium-resolution optical spectrograph for the Blanco 4-m telescope (COSMOS) (ReSTAR Phase 1) (commissioning using base funding, see above). Status: Ongoing. See section 4.4.2 for more information. COSMOS was integrated in Tucson in FY13. COSMOS will be delivered to Chile in FY14.

. Continuation of construction of a new, medium-resolution near-infrared spectrograph for the Blanco 4-m telescope (TripleSpec) through a sub-award to Cornell University (ReSTAR Phase 1). Status: Ongoing. See section 4.4.2 for details. . Participation in the development of scientific user support services for the Virtual Astronomical Ob- servatory (VAO). Status: Ongoing. See section 4.3.2 for details.

On a cost-recovery basis, NOAO also plans to deliver and/or enable: . Technical and facility operations support services for tenant and/or partner observatories on Kitt Peak, Cerro Tololo, Cerro Pachón, and Cerro Las Campanas. Status: Ongoing. See sections 4.1.1 and 4.2.1 for details.

7 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

2.2.2 FY13 Planned vs. Actual Spending and Revenues In this section, planned versus actual FY13 spending and revenues are discussed. More details about FY13 expenditures, revenues, and funds carried forward to FY14 are provided in Appendix A. Table 1 shows the planned budget and actual expenditures for the NOAO FY13 program. Detail is given at the second level of the work breakdown structure (WBS) from the NOAO Annual Program Plan FY 2013 (APP13). Column 2 (APP13 Budget) of the table matches the “Budget, Total” column of Table 22 from the APP13. This budget includes base funding from NSF and planned revenue. Column 3 (Final Budget) is the actual budget for FY13 as of the close of the fiscal year. This budget differs from the APP13 budget due to the addition of FY12 carryover to the final budget (not known or planned into APP13 at the time that plan was made), mostly modest changes in actual programmatic revenue (i.e., non-NSF base funding), and because TSIP program funds encumbered in prior years were not planned in APP13 but do show up in the actual FY13 budget. This latter is the biggest difference, and is in fact not a real difference in planned versus executed work (see Telescope System Instrumentation Program line of Table 1). Column 4 is the actual FY13 expenditures. In Columns 5 (APP13 Actual) and 6 (Budget Actual), the percentage difference in the budget (APP13 and actual, respectively) and actual expenditures are given (relative to the budget). For differences greater than 5%, explanatory notes are given below. Note 1. NOAO South. The main deviations here resulted from more work being done at the Blanco telescope in the first part of FY13 as DECam went into normal operations. Full time equivalents (FTE) from NSTC SI were used to support the Blanco instead (and that effort for NSTC was less than planned for the year). Facility operations did more work than originally estimated, but recovered more in revenue from mountain tenants to support that work. Finally, network support costs were higher than forecast, but FY12 carry-over was used to support these (hardware costs). Some client fees due in FY13 were collected in FY14 balancing the higher actual expenditures shown in the table. Note 2. NOAO North. The main deviations were: (1) planned expenditures for an upgrade of the ODI focal plane were not made (KPNO) due to detectors not being ready from the vendor and (2) CIS bought more hardware than planned to upgrade critical systems (paid for by FY12 carry-over). Note 3. The System Community Development (SCD) expenses were modestly higher than budget (planned and actual) due to expanded effort by SCD scientists throughout the year. This effort was effectively transferred from scientist time budgeted to KPNO and other programs in NSSC. Note 4. NSTC. There were several large deviations in this area, but most were essentially virtual deviations not representing real differences in plan and execution. In TSIP, the APP13 budget reflected only modest administrative effort as all awards were made in prior years. However, some of those awards, while encumbered under contract, were not actually expensed until this year. Thus the plan and actual difference is huge, but the actual budget and expenses match. For LSST, NOAO’s accounting does not track resources at the LSST Corporate (LSSTC) office, but the APP13 plan takes into account that half of the $3M annual effort is paid from LSSTC funds (a separate NSF award not made to NOAO directly). These funds are added to the budget, so the actual budget and expenses match. There was one modest deviation in NSTC, for System Instrumentation. Part way through the year, an engineer left the organization. This engineer was primarily funded with outside funds to do work for the Thirty Meter Telescope (TMT) project. That work went away with the engineer (presumably to be backfilled at TMT). Note 5. Office of Science. This area was under spent primarily due to less-than-planned research support spending by individual scientists. Some funds planned for NOAO North/NOAO South group activities and workshops also were not expended. Note 6. The NOAO Director’s Office received more indirect programmatic revenue than planned from AURA CAS based on activity from other non-NOAO sources (principally NSO/ATST and NOAO South tenants SOAR, Gemini, and SMARTS).

8 NOAO ACCOMPLISHMENTS

Note 7. Multiyear funding for a Data Science school was awarded to NOAO after the start of FY13. The bulk of the funds are to be used in future years.

Table 1: FY13 Planned vs. Actual Spending and Revenue

FY13 Actual Work Package APP13 Budget Final Budget Expenses APP13 Actual Budget Actual Note

NOAO South (NS) Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) 5,426,502 5,687,877 5,615,675 -3% 1% NS Engineering & Technical Services 1,314,691 1,545,330 1,935,507 -47% -25% NS Facilities Operations 3,084,377 3,698,120 3,435,671 -11% 7% NS Computer Infrastructure Services 1,153,965 1,303,808 1,485,302 -29% -14% NS Subtotal 10,979,535 12,235,134 12,472,155 -14% -2% 1 NOAO North (NN) Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) 5,853,622 6,732,059 5,848,605 0% 13% NN Engineering & Technical Services 2,081,259 2,132,753 2,092,274 -1% 2% NN Central Facilities Operations 1,685,283 1,853,043 1,764,108 -5% 5% NN Computer Infrastructure Services 649,983 876,139 801,065 -23% 9% NN Subtotal 10,270,147 11,593,994 10,506,052 -2% 9% 2 NOAO System Science Center (NSSC) System User Support 929,762 937,850 941,554 -1% 0% Science Data Management 2,122,201 2,156,640 2,185,566 -3% -1% System Community Development 898,234 794,389 860,047 4% -8% 3 Time Allocation Committee 308,538 308,537 303,415 2% 2% NSSC Subtotal 4,258,735 4,197,417 4,290,582 -1% -2% NOAO System Technology Center (NSTC) System Instrumentation 766,611 513,837 596,367 22% -16% ReSTAR Instrumentation 774,206 747,076 746,495 4% 0% Telescope System Instrumentation Program 15,900 2,967,477 2,912,680 -18219% 2% Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Technology 3,067,846 2,221,386 2,219,310 28% 0% NSTC Subtotal 4,624,563 6,449,776 6,474,852 -40% 0% 4

Office of Science (OS) 1,409,628 722,145 497,249 65% 31% 5 Education & Public Outreach (EPO) 1,010,047 1,073,754 1,049,218 -4% 2% NOAO Director's Office (NDO) 1,051,523 1,384,055 979,784 7% 29% 6 NOAO Director's Reserve 232,484 413,505 - - AURA Services and Fees 2,641,000 2,641,000 2,596,301 2% 2% Total Base Expenditures 36,477,662 40,710,779 38,866,194 -7% 5% Other NSF Funding ARRA Stimulus Funding North 717,563 717,563 717,563 0% 0% ARRA Stimulus Funding South 305,836 305,836 305,836 0% 0% La Serena School for Data Science - 100,000 9,225 91% Subtotal Other NSF Expenditures 1,023,399 1,123,399 1,032,624 -1% 8% 7

Total NOAO Expenditures 37,501,061 41,834,178 39,898,818 -6% 5%

2.3 CHALLENGES AND THEIR IMPACTS NOAO’s primary challenge this year was dealing with the combined effects of the NSF Astronomy (AST) portfolio review and the US Federal government appropriation delays as well as the US government shutdown in October. Though the shutdown was in the start of FY14, contingency plans had to be developed prior to this and took most of the senior management effort in the last month of FY13. NOAO

9 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

carries some contingency through the year. In this case, this buffer allowed NOAO to effectively plan to remain open during the shutdown. NOAO did not receive a final budget for FY13 until after the middle of the fiscal year. This has been the norm in recent years. NOAO tracks spending and routinely plans for the possibility of mid year budget corrections. FY13 was no exception, and NOAO kept a close eye on cash flow throughout the year, often delaying non-critical purchases. As it turned out, when NOAO did receive its final budget, it was at the planned level thanks to NSF’s commitment to mitigate impacts on facilities well into the fiscal year. NOAO continued discussion with NSF/AST over future funding in the wake of the 2013 portfolio review. This added planning was a challenge despite the fact that the actual reduced budgets following the portfolio review won’t be implemented until FY16. Managing staff morale, planning for future scope changes (both expanded and contracted), and ensuring that choices made protect critical current mission as well as future mission components is a difficult balancing act. NOAO senior management rose to this challenge, however, and a plan for the future is emerging (even if funding for the complete plan is not yet assured). In FY12, NOAO had several major challenges and adverse impacts due to telescope and instrument programs, events, and delays. NOAO recovered from all of these in FY13. Starting normal community operations for DECam at the Blanco telescope was challenging at the start of the year, but by the end of the year, community observers had executed many productive nights and the key project, Dark Energy Survey, had begun. NOAO re-installed a fully repaired ƒ/8 secondary mirror on the Blanco in FY13 and demonstrated excellent on-sky images. Vendor delays of optics assemblies for the new ReSTAR optical spectrographs were ultimately surmounted by a team of scientists and engineers from NOAO and The Ohio State University who, together, redesigned the optics mounts, fabricated them, and integrated the entire instruments in FY13.

3 SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES AND FINDINGS

3.1 CERRO TOLOLO INTER-AMERICAN OBSERVATORY First Season of Dark Energy Survey Started On 31 August 2013, the Dark Energy Survey (DES) officially began its first observing season with observations on the Blanco 4-m telescope. Scientists on the survey team will systematically map one-eighth of the sky (5000 square degrees) in unprecedented detail. The start of the survey is the culmination of ten years of planning, building, and testing by scientists from 25 institutions in six countries. The goal of the survey is to find out why the expansion of the universe is speeding up, instead of slowing down due to gravity, and to probe the mystery of dark energy, the force believed to be causing that acceleration.

Globular Cluster NGC 6496 Observed with the SOAR Adaptive Module (SAM) (excerpt from a September 2013 NOAO Newsletter article by Andrea Kunder, Luciano Fraga, and Andrei Tokovinin) Fraga, Kunder, and Tokovinin (2013, AJ, 145, 165) present deep, optical observations of the globular cluster NGC 6496 using the SOAR Adaptive Module (SAM) at the SOAR Telescope during commissioning of the SAM Laser Guide Star (LGS) mode. There are only about 150 known globular clusters in the Milky Way, important because they represent some of the oldest objects in the Galaxy. Because NGC 6496 lies close to the Galactic center, it is heavily obscured by the Galactic plane; this has made it difficult to determine its basic properties. There is a lack of consensus on this cluster’s extinction, distance, metallicity, age, and its classification as a disk or halo cluster.

Figure 1: Full-frame I-band image of NGC 6496. The panel on the Figure 2: (V–I, V) Color Magnitude left shows fragments of 15" × 12" size comparing closed-loop (up- Diagram of NGC 6469. per) and open-loop (lower) images taken with the same exposure time, 120 s, and displayed at the same intensity scale: at the center and at the edge of the 186" field.

The authors used the capabilities of SAM to peer deep into this crowded cluster, obtaining firm results as to its properties. Figure 1 shows the improvement in the image quality that was obtained using the LGS mode of SAM, leading to a precise color magnitude diagram (Figure 2) that reaches 3 magnitudes below the main sequence turn-off in the BVRI pass bands. The authors used the location of the red clump as well as theoretical isochrones to measure a reddening to the cluster of E(V-I) = 0.28 ±0.02 mag,

11 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

a distance of 10.0 ±0.1 kpc, an age of 10.5 Gyr ±0.5 Gyr, a metallicity of [Fe/H] = –0.65 ±0.05 dex, and a classification of a disk cluster.

Star-Forming Region NGC 6334, the Cat’s Paw Nebula, Observed at Blanco NGC 6334, or the Cat’s Paw Nebula, is a very active, massive star-forming region located in the South- ern Hemisphere sky at a distance of around 1.6 kpc. As part of her PhD thesis, Sarah Willis of Iowa State University used the NEWFIRM wide-field infrared imager on the Blanco 4-m telescope at CTIO to obtain a deep, wide-field view of NGC 6334. The new data was combined with Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) observations to provide a new look at thousands of young stars that are difficult to find using IRAC observations alone (Willis et al. 2013, submitted). The combined NEWFIRM and Spitzer observations found over 2000 young stellar objects (YSOs) displaying excess emission above normal photospheric levels at infrared wavelengths. The sensitivity of this study was sufficient to detect young stars down to approximately 0.5 solar masses in areas with low levels of background emission. These YSOs indicate that NGC 6334 is forming at least 4900 solar masses worth of stars every million years.

Figure 3: A three-color composite of the Cat’s Paw Figure 4: A three-color composite of the Cat’s Paw Nebula, NGC6334, combining NEWFIRM images in Nebula, NEWFIRM only images in the near infrared J the near infrared J (blue) and K (green) band with an (blue), H (green), and K (red) bands. (Image credit: IRAC 4.5-micron band (red) image. Very young, em- Willis et al. 2013, submitted.) bedded sources show up as bright red, due to emission from shocked molecular hydrogen, indicating molecular outflows. (Image credit: Willis et al. 2013, submitted.)

By mapping the extinction toward the more than 600,000 stars detected in the near-infrared bands, the team also was able to estimate the total mass of the NGC 6334 molecular cloud, approximately 160,000 solar masses. Over half of the observed mass is condensed into clumps and ridges of dense material capable of forming stars. The rate and efficiency of star formation in this region are significantly higher than those seen in many other giant molecular clouds of the same overall size and mass, such as Orion. Studying the mechanisms of star formation in NGC 6334 may provide a bridge to better understanding of the high star formation rates and efficiency seen on large scales in starburst galaxies.

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Near-Earth Object Search with the Dark Energy Camera—a Pilot Study [excerpt from a September 2013 NOAO Newsletter article by Lori Allen, David Trilling (Northern Arizona University), and Brian Burt (NAU)] A recently completed pilot project led by L. Allen (NOAO) demonstrates the promise of the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) and the Blanco 4-m telescope for finding interesting Solar System objects. Following observing runs of four half-nights in January 2013 and four full nights in April 2013, more than 100,000 astrometric measurements of ~8700 moving objects were submitted to the Minor Planet Center (MPC). Approxi- mately 1% of these have preliminary orbits that are like near-Earth objects (NEOs) (Figure 1). These results are preliminary, and as of mid-July 2013, the MPC had not determined how many of the detected objects are new discoveries, but it looks like it will be possible to Figure 5: Orbital elements for all moving objects (except a small number of outer Solar System objects) detected on multiple nights measure the size distribution of small in the 2013 pilot observations. The red line in the lower panel NEOs (those having diameters <140 m). shows orbits having perihelion distance q = 1.3 AU; objects to the This is a primary goal of the DECam left of this line are defined as NEOs. NEO Survey, which will get underway in the 2014A observing semester.

Monitoring Blazars Using the SMARTS Telescopes [excerpt from a September 2013 NOAO Newslet- ter article by Erin Wells Bonning (Quest University Canada)] The Yale SMARTS blazar group has been using the 1.3-m and 1.5-m telescopes to carry out an unprecedented optical and infrared (IR) photometric and spectroscopic campaign on nearly 75 gamma-ray bright relativistic jets visible in the Southern Hemisphere sky. Operating since the launch of the Fermi Gamma- ray Space Telescope in 2008, the Yale SMARTS campaign provides low-energy coverage of flaring or otherwise interesting sources. The near infrared (NIR) coverage of ANDICAM is particularly valuable as this region of the spectrum samples the peak of the synchrotron emission from the most luminous blazars (and is comparatively rare in the world of ground-based blazar monitoring programs). Concurrent with the photometric monitoring program, Yale graduate student Jedidah Isler has been carrying out spectroscopic observations with the R-C SPEC instrument on the 1.5-m telescope. Tracking the response of spectral lines to changes in the jet continuum over long time frames constrains the jet/disk connection in blazars. The most recent results from the Yale blazar team include the description of an “orphan” optical flare of PKS 0208-512 with no gamma-ray counterpart (Chatterjee et al. 2013) and a time resolved analysis of the broad line region (BLR) in 3C 454.3 (Isler et al. 2013, submitted), where evidence is seen that two gamma-ray flares were likely emitted at small radii (within the BLR) on account of the coincident increase of BLR luminosity and beamed gamma-ray luminosity. The long time-frame, multi-wavelength, and joint photometric and spectroscopic observations with the SMARTS telescopes have been crucial for describing these transient and sometimes ephemeral events, which together help to determine the structure and energy content of the jet.

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3.2 KITT PEAK NATIONAL OBSERVATORY Asteroid 2012 DA14 Speeds Away from Earth (excerpt from NOAO press release 13-02) On 15 February 2013, asteroid 2012 DA14 passed extraordinarily close to Earth. Unlike the unexpected asteroid collision over Russia that day, this encounter never presented any danger but astronomers were eager to observe the event. An international team led by Nicholas Moskovitz (MIT) observed the asteroid with a number of telescopes, including the 2.1-m telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory. As Dr. Moskovitz said, “Flybys like this, particularly for objects smaller than 2012 DA14, are not uncommon. This one was special because we knew about it well in advance so that observations could be planned to look at how asteroids are affected by Earth’s gravity when they come so close. The Solar System is home to myriads of asteroids, small bodies left over from its formation. More are discovered every year. Most asteroids are completely irregular in shape. They rotate with periods that are generally a matter of hours, and they have a wide range of compositions, from dense iron metal to low-density rocks rich in organic compounds. Asteroids are often described as rubble piles, or loosely bound collections of smaller rock fragments. However, these characteristics are not well understood, which is what led Dr. Moskovitz and his team to their study. The team is analyzing its data to measure changes in the rotation rate of the asteroid after its close encounter with Earth. Although asteroids are generally too small to resolve with optical telescopes, their irregular shape causes their brightness to change as they rotate. Measuring the changes in the rotation rate of the asteroid tests models that predict how Earth’s gravity can affect close-passing asteroids. This will lead to a better understanding of whether objects like 2012 DA14 are rubble piles or single solid rocks. This is critical to understanding the hazards that other asteroids could pose if they collide with Earth. The first asteroids were discovered orbiting the Sun in the space between Mars and Jupiter, but recent discoveries make it clear that they are found throughout the Solar System. Of particular interest are those characterized as near-Earth asteroids. These are objects whose orbits cross that of Earth and allow them to make a close pass to our planet, with the potential of colliding on one of those passes. These asteroids include 2012 DA14, which was discovered just a year ago. Its orbit is similar to Earth’s, with a period of 366 days, but with a more elliptical shape and an inclination of 11 degrees to the plane of Earth’s orbit around the Sun. Following its discovery and the recognition that it would make a very close pass on 15 February 2013, the team planned an observing campaign using telescopes in both the North- ern and Southern Hemispheres, at facilities in Australia, New Zealand, Tasmania, South Africa, Spain, Israel, Hawaii, Massachusetts, and Arizona. 2012 DA14 is not expected to visit the vicinity of Earth at any time for at least the next century, but as was seen with the impact in Russia on the same day as the flyby, there are thousands of near-Earth asteroids out there that can be dangerous. Observing campaigns like the present one will mean that scientists will have a much better understanding of the properties of near-Earth asteroids, and their potential for making trouble should they get too close!

Star Birth in Cepheus (excerpt from NOAO press release 13-03) Tens of millions of years are needed to form a star like our Sun. Much as archeologists who reconstruct ancient cities from shards of debris strewn over time, astronomers must reconstruct the birth process of stars indirectly, by observing stars in different stages of the process and inferring the changes that take place. Studies show that half of the common stars, including our Sun, formed in massive clusters, rich with young stars, from which they eventually escape. As part of his PhD thesis work, Thomas Allen, University of Toledo, has been observing such a region where stars are forming. Named Cep OB3b, this cluster (Figure 6) is located in the constellation of Cepheus and is similar to the famous cluster found in the Orion Nebula. But unlike the Orion Nebula, there is relatively little dust and gas obscuring Cep OB3b. Its massive, hot stars have blown out cavities in the gaseous cloud with their intense ultraviolet radiation, which mercilessly destroys everything in its path. Cep OB3b may show what the Orion Nebular Cluster will look like in the future.

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Allen and an international team of astronomers from seven different universities and institutes (University of Toledo, University of Massachusetts Amherst, University of Roch- ester, University of Exeter, Keele University, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophys- ics, and Space Telescope Science Institute) have found that the total number of young stars in the cluster is as high as 3000. Infrared observations of the stars from the NASA Spitzer satellite show about 1000 stars that are surrounded by disks of gas and dust from which solar systems may form. As the stars age, the disks disappear as the dust and gas get converted into planets or are dispersed into space. As Allen says, “By studying nearby massive young clusters like Cep OB3b, we can gain a greater understanding of the environments out of which planets form.” These observations pointed to a new mystery. Although the stars in Cep OB3b are Figure 6: In this multi-wavelength image of Cep OB3b, the thought to be about three million years old, in brightest yellow star near the center of the image is a fore- ground star, lying between Earth and the young cluster. The some parts of the cluster most of the stars had other bright stars are the massive young stars of the cluster lost their disks, suggesting that the stars in that are heating the gas and dust in the cloud and blowing out those parts were older. This suggests that the cavities. Surrounding these massive cluster stars are thou- cluster is surrounded by older stars, potential sands of smaller young stars that may be in the process of relics of previous clusters that have since ex- forming planetary systems. (Image credit: Dr. Travis Rector.) panded and dispersed. To search for evidence for these relic clusters, Allen used the Mosaic camera on the 0.9-m telescope at Kitt Peak National Ob- servatory to observe wide-field images of Cep OB3b (see Figure 6) These images show hot gas and its interaction with the stars and permit the team to study a curious cavity in the gas for evidence of older, yet still juvenile, stars that have lost their disks of gas and dust. With these data, the team is searching for previous generations of star formation in the region surrounding Cep OB3b and piecing together the history of star formation in this magnificent region. When finished, this may explain how previous generations might have influenced the current generation of stars and planets forming in Cep OB3b.

Kepler Stars and Planets Are Bigger than Previously Thought (excerpt from NOAO press release 13-06) In a new study using the Mayall 4-m telescope, observations of a large sample of stars with candidate planets identified by the NASA Kepler Mission have revealed that many of the stars, and hence their planets, are actually somewhat larger than originally thought. In addition, the researchers confirm that planets larger than Neptune are more likely to be found orbiting stars that contain more heavy elements (such as iron) than the Sun. Small planets, however, have been discovered around stars both rich and poor in metals. Over three years ago, Steve B. Howell (NASA Ames Research Center) put together a team to investigate and characterize the stars that the NASA Kepler Mission found to host planets. The team members are Mark Everett and David Silva (both at NOAO) and Paula Szkody (University of Washington). “One of the main findings of this initial work,” said Everett, who leads this study, “is that our observations indicate that most of the stars we observed are slightly larger than previously thought and one quarter of them are at least 35% larger. Therefore, any planets orbiting these stars must be larger and hot-

15 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

ter as well. By implication, these new results reduce the number of candidate Earth-size planet analogues detected by Kepler.” The Kepler Mission, a telescope in orbit around the Sun, measures how much a star dims when a planet candidate crosses in front of it. The amount of dimming reveals the relative sizes of the star and its candidate planet. The research team used the amount of dimming combined with new measurements of the sizes of the stars to determine that the planet candidates are larger than previously thought. While approximate sizes of most of the host stars were previously known from the star’s colors and brightness, spectra reveal far more. The team acquired spectra using the large, ground- based, Mayall 4-m telescope located near Tucson, Arizona. Their observations were made over 48 nights covering the last several years. To date, more than 300 stars have been observed at the Mayall 4-m from the long list identified by the Kepler Mission as hosts of potential exoplanets (referred to as Kepler Objects of Inter- est, or KOIs). The sample contained more faint stars, with distances ranging

from 2800 to over 7000 light years, than Figure 7: A galaxy similar to the Milky Way is used to illustrate the previous ground-based studies (Figure 7 scale of distances in this study. The circled dot represents the posi- shows the scale of these distances). Such tion of the sun in the Milky Way, and the stippled cone shows how faint KOIs host the majority of high- far away the new candidate stars are (2800–7000 light years), com- priority, Earth-size candidate planets pared to the size of our Galaxy. identified so far by the Kepler Mission. Spectra of these stars were obtained, and compared with theoretical models, to determine more accurate stellar radii, temperatures, and metallicity (i.e., the relative amount of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium in each star). In all, these stars are thought to harbor more than 360 exoplanet candidates. To date, this study represents the largest and faintest uniform sample of spectroscopically characterized exoplanet host stars in the Kepler field of view. “Determination of accurate stellar sizes allows astronomers to more accurately identify which exoplanets are Earth analogs, fulfilling a key goal of the Kepler Mission,” said Howell (Kepler Project Scientist). The team plans to make more ground-based spectral observations as there remain over 1000 KOI stars with small planet candidates to observe in this magnitude range. These new results will be published by astronomers Mark Everett (NOAO), Steve Howell (Kepler Project Scientist, NASA Ames Research Center), David Silva (NOAO), and Paula Szkody (University of Washington) in the Astrophysical Journal (in press, 2013arXiv1305.0578E).

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New Camera at WIYN Images an Asteroid with Long Tail (excerpt from NOAO press release 13-07) Using the new wide-field camera at the WIYN 3.5 m telescope, astronomers have found that the peculiar asteroid P/2010 A2’s tail is much longer than previously supposed. The tail is about a million km long, roughly three times the distance from Earth to the Moon. Images taken with the new One Degree Imager (ODI), a wide-field optical camera on the WIYN telescope (see Figure 8) reveal a tail that stretches over a quarter of a degree from the body of asteroid P/2010 A2. The ODI camera can currently image an area of the sky about the size of the full Moon; a future upgrade will increase the size of the field to about four times as large. Asteroids generally have Figure 8: The dust tail of Asteroid A2 is shown, parallel to the long arrow. The trail extends about a million kilometers. no tails but there have been recent discoveries of a small class that eject dust. Jayadev Rajagopal, WIYN scientist at NOAO said, “Previous images of A2 clearly indicated the tail extended beyond those relatively small fields of view: we wanted to use the superb image quality over a wide field that ODI offers to see just how much. But I don’t think we were quite expecting to see a tail that extends out to and beyond even the ODI field!” The disruption of asteroid A2, which the team estimates happened about three and a half years ago, has resulted in centimeter-sized particles being spread out in a tube-like tail. Because Earth orbits in the same plane as this debris, we observe a line, or tail-like structure. In time, these particles under the gravitational pull of the Sun will form a meteor stream surrounding the Sun. Meteor streams are what we see as “shooting stars” when Earth ploughs through the stream of debris. Debris from events like these contributes to the dust cloud, called zodiacal dust, spread out over the Solar System. The ODI images will help pin down the amount of dust that asteroids contribute to keeping this cloud replenished.

3.3 GEMINI OBSERVATORY High Redshift GRB Spectroscopy: Looking Back toward the End of Reionization In September 2013, Chornock et al. (ApJ, 774, 26, 2013) published a milestone study on the properties of the interstellar and intergalactic medium (ISM, IGM) at high redshift, toward the end of the reionization epoch. Their study involves high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) spectroscopy of the gamma-ray burst (GRB) 130606A afterglow, which probes the high redshift host and environment. One of the diagnostic spectra was acquired with the Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph (GMOS) at Gemini North, and a second spectrum was taken at the MMT with the Blue Channel spectrograph. Thanks to the fast response of the Gem- ini telescope, the team was able to acquire Gemini spectroscopy of GRB 130606A within 13 hours of the GRB detection with the Swift Burst Alert Telescope (BAT) on 6 June 2013. The GMOS spectrum spans the optical and near-infrared domains (= 6200–10,500 Å), and the sharp flux drop observed blueward of 8450 Å is compatible with z  5.91; this redshift is also consistent with the redshift derived from the MMT spectrum.

17 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

GRB 130606A is one of very few GRBs with spectroscopically-confirmed redshift of z  6 or larger, and the only one with such a high S/N spectrum, enabling a much more detailed study of the host galaxy’s ISM than was possible previously, allowing metallicity analysis of both the host and the intervening clouds, and yielding to the ionization status of the IGM through the line of sight. Probing the z  6 galaxies is particularly intriguing because such redshift corresponds to the end of reionization. Quasars of high redshift also have been used to study this cosmological epoch, but their spectra have their own bias- es, while the typical GRB afterglow spectra exhibit a smooth continuum that is ideally suited for ionization studies. Results of this study include the determination of lower limits to the oxygen and carbon abundances of the host galaxy, respectively [O/H]  –1.50.1 and [C/H]  –1.90.1, and an upper limit for the sulfur abundance of [S/H] < –0.5. The chemical status of the host is comparable to that of damped Ly-ɑ (DLA) systems in both GRB hosts and quasars, but at the lower end of the metallicity distribution of field galaxies at lower redshift.

Figure 9: The GMOS spectrum, plotted at the inferred system wavelength for the derived redshift, where the prominent absorption lines are labeled both for the host galaxy (in red) and for the intervening absorption systems (in color) that are in the line of sight at different redshift (the gray box is the region possibly containing residuals from the correction for telluric H2O absorption).

The authors analyze in some detail the IGM at z  5–6 by studying the Ly- absorption and detailed transmission, and calculate an approximate (2-level) ionization fraction of ~0.11 in the studied redshift range. All these results are invaluable constraints to cosmological models of the late reionization epoch.

Highlights from the Gemini NICI Planet-Finding Campaign Nielsen et al. (ApJ, 776, 4, 2013) examined the frequency of giant planets around early-type stars through high-contrast imaging of nearby B and A stars. The search for giant planets did not yield any new candidate within 400 AU projected separation from 70 stars. Statistical analysis based on the constraints from these observations shows that very few gas-giant planets are to be found at large separation from the parent B or A stars. Uranus and Neptune analogs at distances as in our Solar System are not at all common in these type stars and confirm that the discovery of giant planets around the star HR 8799 is not a common occurrence. These results have a profound implication on how gas-giant planets form and evolve.

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Confirmed Nature of Nearby Brown Dwarf WISE J104915.57-531906 is a high-proper motion star identified by the WISE Survey. Luhman (ApJ 767, 1L, 2013) was able to confirm its nature as a binary brown dwarf based on GMOS imaging and spectroscopy with US Gemini telescope time. The system distance is only 2 pc from the Sun. This makes it the closest solar neighbor to have been discovered in more than a century, and one that remained elu- sive for a long time, possibly due to its low Galactic latitude.

Star-Forming Potential in Interacting Galaxies Neutral hydrogen tails in the environment of interacting galaxies have been studied systematically by de Mello et al. (MNRAS, 426, 2441, 2012) to investigate their star-forming potential. Based on GALEX- selected ultraviolet sources within H I tails of two Hickson Compact Groups, they observed several star- forming regions and other sources with optical Gemini/GMOS-N spectroscopy. Data analyzed for 14 star-forming regions confirmed that they belong to the groups and disclosed their super-solar metallicity and relatively young ages. These findings clearly indicate that such star-forming regions have evolved from pre-enriched material found in the intra-group, ejected during the galaxy-to-galaxy interactions, rather than within the member galaxies. The results constitute an important step toward the understanding of intra-cluster and intra-group stellar evolution.

3.4 COMMUNITY ACCESS FACILITIES A Metallicity Study of Damped Ly- Systems A paper by Cooke et al. (MNRAS, 431, 1625, 2013), based in part on data acquired with Keck time as- signed within the Telescope System Instrumentation Program (TSIP), contains a novel result on the metallicity ratios of metal-poor, damped Ly-ɑ systems (DLAs). The iron-peak element versus iron ratios for the most low-metallicity systems are closely linked to core-collapse supernova enrichment. Such elemental ratios have been derived in a sample of high redshift DLAs and compared to the same elemental ratios in metal-poor halo stars. The results indicate that the DLAs have been enriched by core-collapse supernova events. This seems to break the current paradigm that most metal-poor stars in the Galaxy contain metals produced by the earliest stellar generation of massive stars ending their lives as hyper-novae.

Magnetic Field Hypothesis in Sub-stellar Binaries NOAO TSIP time has been used by Mohanty et al. (ApJ, 758, 12, 2012) to acquire Keck I/HIRES spectroscopy of 2M0535, a young, sub-stellar, eclipsing binary, in order to investigate whether the cold spot phenomenon could be the principal cause of the lower temperature observed in the more massive primary. Detailed analysis of surface temperature and gravity shows that spots (i.e., strong magnetic fields) are equally present in both binary components, thus they could not be the cause for preferential temperature lowering of the primary. Nonetheless, the authors speculate that strong magnetic fields could still be the cause for temperature reversal (via suppression of convection) if a global suppression is occurring within the primary component. These observations represent a major constraint for future, sophisticated models that will disentangle the magnetic field role in the observed temperature reversal.

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4 GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM OPERATIONS

4.1 NOAO SOUTH

4.1.1 CTIO

FY13 PROGRAM REVIEW In the first half of FY13, the efforts of Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) and NOAO South staff were focused on bringing the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) online and improving the performance of the Blanco 4-m telescope and DECam combined. Community science observations, mostly carried out by visiting astronomers, started on 1 December 2012, and by mid-FY13, science observations with DECam had become a regular, routine affair with a structure set up to provide technical and scientific support. During this period, the Dark Energy Survey (DES) continued its science verification observations, providing useful feedback to the technical support team at CTIO and allowing the DES consortium to fine tune their strategy and prepare for the survey. The DES started in semester 2013B, on 31 August 2013. With DECam online and in regular use, the focus of the technical group at NOAO South shifted to the Blanco ƒ/8 secondary mirror recovery. Repair of the mirror cell, including a new motor control system was completed in the third quarter (Q3) of FY13. A new handling cart was designed, and fabrication was completed in Q3. The design of the new handling cart, which was built by Fermilab as part of the DECam project, includes various features to prevent unsafe handling of the mirror. The repaired mirror cell was mounted on the telescope in June 2013 with the dummy mirror, using the new ƒ/8 handler for the first time. After a successful installation of the mirror cell with the dummy mirror, the repaired ƒ/8 secondary was integrated with the mirror cell, the complete system was mounted on the Blanco in Au- gust, and first light with the repaired mirror was obtained on 28 August 2013. Commissioning of the Blanco ƒ/8 secondary system will continue into FY14. Science verification observations with the SOAR Adaptive Module (SAM) in Laser Guide Star mode took place on the SOAR telescope in the second half of FY13. SAM was offered for shared-risk community science observations in semester 2013B, and the first of those observations were taken at the very end of FY13. CTIO celebrated its 50th anniversary during FY13 with a variety of activities. The celebrations started with the inauguration of the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) on 9 November 2012. An exhibition on the history of CTIO was prepared, which included instruments and other artifacts built and/or used at CTIO. This exhibition was first on display in the La Serena offices during January. In February and March, the exhibition was on display in La Serena at the entrance of a major supermarket and in Co- quimbo at the Palacio Cultural de Coquimbo. As part of the anniversary celebrations, the visiting hours to CTIO during the summer months were doubled, opening the observatory both on Saturday and Sun- day. CTIO held a scientific conference to celebrate the 50th anniversary on 5–9 May 2013, “Fifty Years of Wide-Field Studies in the Southern Hemisphere: Resolved Stellar Populations in the Galactic Bulge and the Magellanic Clouds.” Among the invited speakers were several astronomers who had been involved with the observatory during the past 50 years; their presentation highlighted some of the history of CTIO. Most speakers who gave a scientific presentation also made the connection of their research to the history of CTIO. Public talks in Spanish were held at the end of the conference days as a complement to CTIO outreach and to support efforts of INACAP, the institute where the conference was held. The conference was well attended: more than 75 participants, with about one third of the group being graduate and undergraduate students. The participants came from all over the world, with the majority from the US and about a third from South America, making it a true inter-American conference to celebrate the

20 GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM OPERATIONS

anniversary of an inter-American observatory. Altogether, this was a very festive anniversary celebration, with a fine mix of history and science.

Blanco 4-m Telescope/Instrumentation DECam obtained first light on the Blanco 4-m telescope on 12 September 2012. So, the beginning of FY13 saw the continuation of DECam commissioning. Most of November 2013 was dedicated to science verification observations, which included observations for the Dark Energy Survey (DES) and for the community at large. The DES continued science verifications until February 2013, providing useful feedback to the technical support team at CTIO and allowing the DES consortium to fine tune their strategy and prepare for the actual survey. Regular community science observations, on a shared-risk basis, started on 1 December 2013. By mid-FY13, science observations with DECam had become regular and routine, with a structure that provides both technical and scientific support. Observing semester 2013B saw the start of the DES on 31 August 2013. Efforts to improve the performance of the Blanco 4-m telescope and DECam continued during FY13. Those improvements were based on feedback of the science verification observations, as well as input obtained during subsequent engineering runs. The other important accomplishment regarding the Blanco 4-m telescope was the installation of the repaired ƒ/8 secondary mirror and its mirror cell on the telescope and the start of the ƒ/8 system re- commissioning in the last quarter of FY13. The Blanco 4-m telescope has the following instrumentation:  Dark Energy Camera: DECam is CTIO’s new wide-field optical imager, with a focal plane of 570 megapixels covering a field of view (FOV) of two degrees in diameter, the largest FOV currently available in the Southern Hemisphere. DECam commissioning was completed at the beginning of FY13, while science operations started on 1 December 2013.  ISPI: The Infrared Side Port Imager (ISPI) is a wide-field infrared (IR) imager (10.25 × 10.25 arcminutes square), covering the range of 1.0 to 2.4 microns. ISPI is the imager used during the commissioning of the Blanco ƒ/8 secondary mirror. Once commissioning is complete, ISPI will be back in service for regular science use, continuing to fill an important role in Blanco’s instrument complement.

 Hydra-CTIO: Hydra is the third component of the Blanco wide-field instrument complement, with more than a hundred fibers that can cover an FOV of 40 arcmin in diameter. It can be installed on the telescope concurrently with DECam and ISPI. With the Blanco ƒ/8 secondary mirror out of service during FY13, Hydra was not installed at the telescope, and users were advised to explore the time trade with the Australian Astronomical Observatory (AAO) that included the option to use the fiber-fed spectrograph at the Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT). The plan to upgrade Hydra with new detectors and controllers with funding from the Renewing Small Tele- scopes for Astronomical Research (ReSTAR) program was postponed until resources currently dedicated to higher priority projects are available.

Southern Astrophysical Research Telescope (SOAR)/Instrumentation NOAO continued to operate the SOAR Telescope on behalf of the SOAR partners during FY13. Addi- tionally, NOAO provided the two significant contributions to SOAR: (1) commissioning and science verification of the SOAR Adaptive Module (SAM) were completed, and the first community science observations with SAM were made; and (2) the SOAR Atmospheric Dispersion Corrector, developed in a collaborative effort between NOAO South Engineering & Technical Services and the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC-CH), was integrated and tested at the telescope, successfully completing

21 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

this project. NOAO also provided support for bringing the SOAR Telescope Echelle Spectrograph (STELES) to SOAR. The SOAR telescope has the following instrumentation:  SOI: The SOAR Optical Imager, built at CTIO, has been used regularly on SOAR since the telescope commissioning, providing high-resolution (up to 0.077 arcsec/pixel) imaging over a 5.25 × 5.25 arcmin FOV. The instrument performed reliably during the whole of FY13. While some of the imaging load was transferred to the imaging mode of the Goodman Spectrograph, SOI continued to be in demand for its high image quality and stability.  OSIRIS: The Ohio State Infrared Imager and Spectrometer, which is fitted with a CTIO 1K  1K Rockwell HgCdTe array, was moved to SOAR after several years of use on the Blanco telescope and was successfully commissioned in FY05. Although the instrument is getting rather old, it continues to reliably provide both an imaging (over an FOV of up to 3.2 × 3.2 arcmin) and a modest-resolution, near-infrared spectroscopy capability (up to R = 3000) for the NOAO and SOAR communities.  Goodman Spectrograph: Improvements to the Goodman Spectrograph continued during FY13. Currently, it is operated in only two of its planned three modes: optical imaging over an FOV diameter of 7.2 arcmin and single-slit spectroscopy with resolutions of 1400 to 9600. Work continued on improving the performance and efficiency of the single-slit mode, including the testing of three new, very efficient Volume-Phase Holographic (VPH) gratings fabricated by UNC-CH. Improvements also were made to precisely record the start and end of exposures to support time series spectroscopy. All the hardware and software required to implement the third mode of the instrument, multi-slit spectroscopy, have been completed, and scientific commissioning is planned for FY14.  Spartan Infrared Imager: Spartan is a near-infrared imager in use since FY10. Spartan offers two different scales: an ƒ/21 channel with an FOV of 3.0  3.0 arcmin and a scale of 0.043 arcsec/pixel chosen to resolve the diffraction-limited core of Tip-Tilt-corrected images in the H and K bands, and an ƒ/12 channel with an FOV of 5.0  5.0 arcmin at 0.073 arcsec/pixel.  Other SOAR Instruments: The Brazilian-built SOAR Integral Field Unit Spectrograph (SIFS) was delivered to SOAR in December 2009, but problems developed with the fiber bundle and the bundle was returned to Brazil for repair. After the fiber bundle was repaired, one of the lens groups became debonded and was sent for repair. Commissioning of SIFS is scheduled to resume in 2014. During FY13, Brazil also continued commissioning the Brazilian Tunable Filter Imager (BTFI), although currently this is not considered to be a facility instrument for SOAR. The high-resolution SOAR Telescope Echelle Spectrograph (STELES) is expected to arrive from Brazil in mid-2014.

CTIO Small Telescopes and SMARTS/Instrumentation The Small and Moderate Aperture Telescope Research System (SMARTS) Consortium continued to operate three small telescopes at CTIO: the 0.9-m, the 1.3-m, and the 1.5-m telescopes. A new three-year agreement, SMARTS 3, started on 1 August 2013. The consortium previously operated a fourth telescope on Cerro Tololo: the YALO (Yale, AURA, Lisbon, Ohio State) 1.0-m telescope owned by Yale. This telescope was closed during FY13 due to the lack of funding. If sufficient new funding opportunities arise, this telescope might be put into operation again. The SMARTS telescopes have the following instrumentation:  CTIO 1.5-m: The CTIO 1.5-m telescope has been designated as the SMARTS spectroscopic facility. There are two spectrographs available at any time, and it is possible to switch between these two spectrographs in less than 30 minutes. The telescope and instruments are run in service

22 GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM OPERATIONS

mode only. One of the spectrographs, the CTIO high-resolution spectrometer CHIRON, is a fiber- fed Echelle spectrograph providing high-resolution spectroscopy for bright targets. The other spectrograph is directly mounted on the telescope. In the beginning of FY13, October through January, the 1.5-m Cassegrain spectrograph was offered. In February 2013, an infrared spectrograph, SIMON (Spectromètre Infrarouge de Montreal), was brought to CTIO. This spectrograph replaced the 1.5-m Cassegrain spectrograph during the second half of the year and will continue to be in use in FY14.  CTIO 1.3-m: The “A Novel Double-Imaging Camera” (ANDICAM) instrument on the CTIO 1.3-m provides simultaneous optical and near-IR imaging in full service, limited queue mode. The optical imager relies upon a 2K  2K CCD, and the IR capability is based upon a 1K  1K detector. The maximum time per night per project is set at three hours in order to support the wide range of astronomical monitoring projects that can utilize this productive combination of telescope, instrument, and observing mode.

 CTIO 0.9-m: The CTIO 0.9-m telescope continued to support a fixed 2K  2K optical imager, with observations in classical mode only. This facility is the cornerstone of a major astrometric project, led by Todd Henry of Georgia State University, which relies upon the long-term stability of the instrument and telescope.

Tenant Observatories and Projects AURA and CTIO offer a platform that provides US scientists and institutions access to the skies of the Southern Hemisphere. CTIO hosts a total of 15 telescopes and several additional projects studying a wide range of phenomena, from Earth’s own atmosphere to distant gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). These facilities include remote telescopes, such as the refurbished Lowell 0.6-m telescope run by the Southeastern Asso- ciation for Research in Astronomy (SARA), and the Wisconsin H-alpha Mapper (WHAM) project led by the University of Wisconsin. CTIO hosts a Global Oscillations Network Group (GONG) station; the Portable Ionospheric Camera and Small-Scale Observatory (PICASSO) imager project, operated by the University of Illinois to study Earth’s upper atmosphere and ionosphere; and the lunar scintillometer and transient camera belonging to the Advanced Liquid-mirror Probe for Astrophysics, Cosmology and Asteroids (ALPACA) project (lead institution: Columbia University), which was upgraded in FY12 to an imaging camera to continue and improve their characterization of the atmospheric conditions over Cerro Tololo. In addition, the Universi- ty of Michigan operates the 0.6/0.9-m Curtis Schmidt telescope, which is used part-time in a NASA- funded project to catalog space debris in geosynchronous orbits. Furthermore, CTIO hosts two other, larger remote facilities: the University of North Carolina Pan- chromatic Robotic Optical Monitoring and Polarimetry Telescopes (PROMPT) project and the CTIO node of the Las Cumbres Observatory Global Telescope Network (LCOGTN). PROMPT consists of a cluster of small telescopes that rapidly follow up GRBs discovered by the Swift satellite and subsequently trigger a target-of-opportunity interrupt at SOAR. At other times, the telescopes will make observations as part of an extensive education and outreach program in North Carolina. Full science operations for four of the telescopes began at the start of FY06, and the facility has successfully made GRB follow- up observations. Two new domes have been constructed since: a seventh dome for a new 0.8-m telescope (PROMPT7), and an eighth dome to accommodate a telescope (PROMPT8) with polarimetric capabilities that is funded by Thailand. Construction of both domes is complete, and PROMPT7 was in use during FY13. PROMPT8 is expected to come online in FY14. Construction of the LCOGTN node on CTIO started in FY12, and installation of the three 1.0-m telescopes took place at the end of FY12. At the very beginning of FY13, all three 1.0-m telescopes saw first light: a major milestone for the LCOGTN. Several other telescope projects started construction and/or completed construction during FY13. The building for the CTIO node of the Korea Microlensing Telescope Network (KMTNet) project is complete, and as soon as the telescope arrives, installation and commissioning can start. Next to the

23 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

SARA project and hosted in the Lowell 0.6-m dome, construction of a new telescope project, MEarth, is underway. The MEarth project is an astronomical survey to observe nearby M dwarfs in search of new Earth-like exoplanets.

STATUS OF FY13 MILESTONES

. Complete commissioning and science verification of the Dark Energy Camera (DECam). Status: Commissioning and science verification was complete by 1 December 2012, when shared- risk community science observations started. The DES consortium, however, opted to continue science verification throughout semester 2012B and including February 2013, the first month of semester 2013A.

. Start regular science operations with DECam on the Blanco, and start the Dark Energy Survey. Status: Regular science operations started with shared-risk community observations on 1 December 2012. Since then, many improvements to the Blanco plus DECam system have been made, and science observations are routine now. The first season for the Dark Energy Survey started on 31 August 2013.

. If the Blanco ƒ/8 secondary mirror can be repaired, prepare for installation on the Blanco, and install and commission the secondary using current ƒ/8 instruments ISPI and Hydra. Status: The Blanco ƒ/8 secondary mirror was repaired at the NOAO facilities in Tucson. The figure of the repaired mirror was measured and found to be similar to the figure as measured in 1993. At the beginning of Q3 of FY13, the mirror was shipped back to Chile. The ƒ/8 secondary mirror ar- rived on Cerro Tololo on 18 April 2013. Repair of the mirror cell, including an upgrade of the motor control system was completed, as was the assemblage of a new handling cart. During the last quarter of FY13, the repaired mirror cell with a dummy mirror was installed on the Blanco. This was the first use of the new ƒ/8 handler, which was built by Fermilab as part of the DECam project. In August, the ƒ/8 mirror was integrated with the mirror cell and subsequently installed on the telescope. First light with the repaired mirror was obtained on 28 August 2013. Com- missioning of the ƒ/8 system with ƒ/8 instrumentation will continue in FY14.

. Complete commissioning of the SOAR Adaptive-optics Module (SAM) only if the DECam operations and Blanco ƒ/8 installation and commissioning allow appropriate resources to be allocated. Status: During the first quarter (Q1) of FY13, improvements were made in the Laser Launch Tele- scope set-up as well as in the software, making the laser guide star adaptive optics system more robust and easier to operate. Commissioning of SAM continued during the second quarter (Q2) of FY13, and a call for science verification observations was issued. Science verification of SAM occurred during Q3 and Q4 of FY13, intermixed with the last details of the commissioning phase. Commissioning was completed, and SAM was offered in shared-risk mode for regular science observations in 2013B. First shared-risk observations for a community science program took place in Sep- tember 2013.

. Start commissioning of the CTIO Ohio State Multi-Object Spectrograph (COSMOS) only if the Blanco ƒ/8 secondary mirror is back in service and DECam operations allow appropriate resources and telescope time to be allocated. Status: There was no progress during FY13.

24 GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM OPERATIONS

4.1.2 NOAO South Engineering & Technical Services

FY13 PROGRAM REVIEW There were three primary foci of the NOAO South Engineering and Technical Services (NS ETS) group during FY13: (1) bring DECam to routine and optimal use as described in the first milestone below, (2) return the Blanco 4-m ƒ/8 secondary mirror to operations as noted in section 4.1.1 above, and (3) bring the SOAR Adaptive Module (SAM) to a state in which it can be offered for scientific observations. The NS ETS group also contributed to developing TripleSpec 4 and twin multi-object spectrographs for CTIO and KPNO (COSMOS and KOSMOS, respectively), bringing STELES to SOAR, integration and testing of the SOAR Atmospheric Dispersion Corrector, developing the TORRENT controller, repairing and maintaining Chiron (1.5-m), the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) program, and general engineering and technical support of both mountaintops.

STATUS OF FY13 MILESTONES

. Support commissioning of DECam as a facility instrument and its transition into normal operations, integrating it fully with the telescope and its environment to obtain the best images possible on a routine basis. Status: The commissioning of DECam, followed by science verification, took place during Q1 of FY13. Community science observations started on 1 December 2012, on a shared-risk basis. Mean- while, the Dark Energy Survey collaboration continued with extended science verification observations through February 2013. Improvements were made to the Blanco-plus-DECam system, and community science observations are now routine operations. NS ETS resources are supporting the effort to improve the Blanco-plus-DECam system in a number of areas, most notably in developing the best possible image quality. To this extent the group will improve the reliability of the Blanco M1 adaptive optics (AO) system. An upgrade project to increase the resolution of the M1 AO system is ongoing. Fine-tuning of the new Telescope Control System (TCS), which took place during Q1–Q3 of FY13, also improved the image quality. In Q4 the group worked on thermal control in the dome, within both the instrument and the telescope. Both projects to improve the performance of the Blanco M1 AO system will continue in FY14, as will the project to improve the thermal control in the dome.

. Complete the final round of development of the SOAR Adaptive-optics Module (SAM) and support its transition into normal operations. Status: Modifications to SAM in Q1—hardware and software upgrades—improved the performance and stability of the AO loop. In Q2, the focus shifted to using SAM for science observations, exercis- ing the system, and, while doing so, improving the interfaces. Science verification started in Q3 and continued into Q4. SAM was offered on a shared-risk basis for semester 2013B, and first observations for a community science program took place in September 2013.

4.1.3 NOAO South Facilities Operations

FY13 PROGRAM REVIEW The NOAO South Facilities Operations (NS FO) activities during FY13 included the completion of infrastructure improvements funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA), support of new small telescope projects, and the resolution of various issues with the mountaintop and base utility systems. Administratively within NS FO, attention was concentrated on the new interface with the centralized AURA Accounting and Human Resources departments and the development of detailed documentation for the scope of the services provided by NS FO.

25 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

The ARRA projects that were completed included the dormitory renovations on Cerro Tololo and the replacement of the water lines that serve both Tololo and Cerro Pachón. New finishes and fixtures were installed throughout all three Tololo dormitories as well as new heating systems that utilize hot water partially supplied by solar collectors. All dormitories were returned to full use by Q2 of FY13. The water line project also concluded in FY13 with the completion of the main line that serves the hotel and kitchen area on Pachón and the renovation of key elements of the main potable water system in the La Serena compound. The new telescope projects supported during FY13 were the Panchromatic Robotic Optical Monitor- ing and Polarimetry Telescope (PROMPT) with the installation of the PROMPT7 telescope and the construction of the enclosure for PROMPT8, the commissioning and start-up of the LCOGTN, and the completion of the support facility and enclosure for the Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute telescope (KMTNet). Additionally, construction on the Harvard-based MEarth project was initiated on Tololo in Q4 of FY13, and plans were finalized for the Brazilian-based T-80 telescope project. The facilities for both of those projects are expected to be completed in FY14. The mountain utility services that demanded the most attention in FY13 were the primary electrical systems on Pachón. The main transformer continued to present problems resulting in sporadic, lengthy power outages, which caused all of the Pachón facilities to be run on backup generator power. Replace- ment of the current transformer—which was a reconditioned unit—with an entirely new transformer is planned for FY14. The other main electrical problem on Pachón is the inadequacy of the feed to the hotel area to serve the increased demands of the new kitchen and a new, larger laser at the Andes Lidar Obser- vatory. An upgrade of that service is planned for FY14. The managerial and administrative staff of NS FO, in addition to the day-to-day management of the department, worked closely with the newly formed AURA-CAS group and the associate director for NOAO South to review the scope and cost of all the provided services. The product of that effort will be the formalization of Service Level Agreements in early FY14 and the review and verification of the cost model that determines the common and per-use fees that pay for the services.

STATUS OF FY13 MILESTONES

. Define and implement new Service Level Agreements. This includes a redefinition of the fee structure, as CAS and Facilities are now separate entities with CAS no longer part of NOAO. Status: This task continues in active development and was approximately 50% complete at the end of FY13.

. Execute maintenance contracts for primary electrical transformers and for fire alarm systems. Status: The contracted transformer and fire alarm programs were implemented.

. Define a long-term solution for the upper (north) entry to the La Serena recinto. Currently, there are two options for the north entry, neither being a long-term solution. The first option, which has been available for many years, uses an entrance from the Universidad de La Serena that the university is planning to close. The other option is an entry located at a curve in the main road. Take steps to for- malize the long-term plan with the neighboring university and the Municipality. Status: AURA and NOAO South remain in cooperative contact with the Universidad de La Serena regarding the continued use of the gate and road located on their property. The definition of the long-term solution remains pending.

. Complete the Cerro Tololo dormitory renovation project, and put all renovated rooms into use. Status: Completed.

26 GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM OPERATIONS

. Support the completion by NS Computer Infrastructure Services of the new common communications facility on Cerro Pachón. Status: Completed.

. Complete the water system improvements on both mountains and in the La Serena recinto. Status: Completed.

. Complete the library/meeting room/cafeteria project in La Serena. Status: Completed.

4.1.4 NOAO South Computer Infrastructure Services

FY13 PROGRAM REVIEW The NOAO South Computer Infrastructure Services (NS CIS) group provides information technology (IT) support for NOAO personnel and facilities in Chile and supports the backbone communications and network infrastructure for all AURA-O facilities in Chile. Support is included for servers and the desktop computers for all NOAO South staff. For all facilities—including Gemini, SOAR, and the tenants—NS CIS provides the network infrastructure support necessary to maintain reliable connectivity between the mountaintops (Cerro Tololo and Cerro Pachón) and La Serena as well as between La Serena and the rest of the world. The NS CIS group also provides IT support for Las Campanas Observatory at cost and will include network support for NRAO/ALMA connectivity from Santiago to the US mainland. In FY13, NS CIS staff continued to support the DECam computers on Cerro Tololo, taking over support of the hardware systems and basic operating system maintenance. This work also includes support for the remote use of the systems for final development and debugging, as well as remote monitoring of the systems. All of these systems and remote access must be integrated within the appropriate site cyber-security policies and procedures, and incompatibilities with remote systems and policies must be worked out. The building to house the shared networking equipment on Cerro Pachón was completed in FY12. The integration part of the project was completed in FY13: the microwave system from Cerro Pachón to Cerro Tololo was removed from the Gemini Pachón computer room and installed in the new building, along with the shared network devices. New uninterruptible power supply (UPS) units and monitoring equipment were purchased to provide better backup capabilities for this remote building. The compound houses were removed from the office Internet connection and now have their own provider. There is a direct connection for office use via virtual private network (VPN). NS CIS and NOAO North CIS purchased a Barracuda Web Filter to limit undesired website access; it protects the entire IP address ranges for both locations.

STATUS OF FY13 MILESTONES . Complete a common network support facility on Cerro Pachón and transfer all backbone network systems into this facility to provide more robust and independent operations. Status: Completed.

. Complete the upgrade of the current 622 Mbps network backbone to the planned 1 Gbps international segment of the AURA network backbone. Status: NS CIS is awaiting a new switch for Santiago that will provide a 10 Gbps ring around South America

27 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

. Move essential information technology (IT) services in La Serena to virtual server machines for improved reliability. Status: The necessary machines were purchased at the end of FY13 and will be implemented in FY14.

4.2 NOAO NORTH

4.2.1 KPNO

FY13 PROGRAM REVIEW Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) operates the Mayall 4-m and 2.1-m telescopes. Additionally, KPNO operates the WIYN 3.5-m telescope in partnership with the University of Wisconsin, Indiana University, and Yale University. The Kitt Peak telescopes of the National Solar Observatory (NSO) and the National Radio Astronomy Observatory (NRAO Very Long Baseline Array) receive direct operational support or maintenance services from KPNO in addition to the shared mountain facilities provided for all of the tenant observatories on the mountain. In 2008, KPNO began a five-year program to modernize and improve its facilities. The process of addressing issues of deferred maintenance for the entire site also was continued. FY13 saw continued effort to keep KPNO telescopes equipped with forefront instruments, to broad- en the involvement of young astronomers in the use and development of new instruments, and to support exciting and world-class research activities. The Kitt Peak Ohio State Multi-Object Spectrograph (KOSMOS) was assembled and tested in the NOAO Flex Rig Lab near the end of FY13. The first commissioning run of KOSMOS on the Mayall 4-m telescope was a success (that occurred in the first ten days of FY14). The upgraded wide-field prime focus imager, Mosaic 1.1, continued to be in high demand and saw regular use. The NEWFIRM wide-field infrared imager also saw heavy use in FY13. The One Degree Imager (ODI), currently with a partial focal plane, completed commissioning of its static mode and is in regular use for science programs on the WIYN 3.5-m telescope. KPNO, along with NOAO North ETS and NOAO System Technology Center (NSTC), continued efforts to measure and improve the performance of the Mayall, to define the required NOAO/DESI interfaces, and to develop the KPNO team of scientists and technical staff that will ensure that the Mayall is prepared to receive DESI (Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument) and carry out successful survey efforts with it. In FY13, these efforts consisted primarily of measuring/recording temperature as a function of time for locations on the main telescope floor (Fourier Transform Spectrometer lab and telescope cham- ber); measuring vibration spectra in the Coudé room and prime focus (PF) cage (PF cage included testing vibrations from possible cooling fans); designing and testing mockups of cable wrap concepts for the fiber cables (this testing was very valuable, it led to design changes); support of the spectrograph and corrector optics design efforts; and planning/costing for Mayall preparation work between CD-1 and DESI installation.

Mayall 4-m Telescope/Instrumentation The Mayall continues to operate as a world-leading 4-m-class telescope, with high scientific productivity on a par with 8-m-class telescopes. In FY13, the Mayall was selected by the Department of Energy as the site of its Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI; formerly known as BigBOSS). FY13 saw the deployment of a new spectrometer (KOSMOS), investigations of telescope performance (pointing, tracking, image quality), re-work of the ƒ/8 secondary mirror mounting, and planning for the mirror lift upgrade (postponed until Q1 FY14).

28 GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM OPERATIONS

The Mayall 4-m telescope has the following instrumentation:

 KOSMOS: This new spectrograph had its initial commissioning run on the telescope in the first week of October 2013. Its measured throughput is roughly twice as good as that of its predeces- sor, the Ritchey-Chrétien (RC) Spectrograph.

 Mosaic-1.1: The upgraded Mosaic-1.1 imager, the widest-field optical imager currently offered at KPNO (35.4 arcmin square, 0.26 arcsec pixels), is used at the prime focus of the Mayall 4-m telescope. Mosaic-1.1 continued to be in high demand at the Mayall. To reduce risk to this instrument that might be incurred by transporting it around the mountain, it is no longer available at the 0.9-m telescope. (The new Half Degree Imager, scheduled for commissioning in the fall of 2013, will replace the Mosaic 1.1 on the 0.9-m telescope.)

 NEWFIRM: Demand for this wide-field instrument (27.6 arcmin square) during FY13 was heavy.

 RC Spectrograph: This low- to moderate-resolution (300 < R < 5000), single- or multi-slit optical spectrograph continued in service during FY13. It will be replaced by KOSMOS, which provides many of the same capabilities at significantly higher performance.

 Echelle: The Echelle Spectrograph (18,000 < R < 65,000) continued to be offered in FY13.

 Phoenix: This high spectral resolution (R ~ 70,000) infrared spectrometer continued to be offered at the Mayall in FY13. Seven science programs used Phoenix on the Mayall in FY13. While Phoenix provides a unique capability to US astronomers, it is an older instrument and would be difficult to repair in the event of a failure.

 FLAMINGOS IR Imaging Spectrometer: FLAMINGOS is a cryogenic, multi-slit, near-IR imaging spectrograph (the first of its kind) built at the University of Florida in collaboration with NOAO/KPNO. FLAMINGOS has been in service for more than ten years and has exhausted most of its spectroscopic capability. It saw light use in FY13 and will be retired during FY14.

2.1-m Telescope/Instrumentation The 2.1-m telescope continued to be engaged in fundamental science through the use of both facility and visitor instruments. Despite its continued productivity on a wide range of science topics, the 2.1-m telescope is scheduled for shutdown in mid 2014. Personnel reductions driven by budget cuts will make it no longer possible for KPNO staff to support science operations on this telescope. The 2.1-m telescope has the following instrumentation:  CCD Imager: A new detector was employed to replace the old T2K CCDs for optical imaging at the 2.1-m telescope. The STA2, with a MONSOON Controller, has much better detective quantum efficiency (DQE) in the ultraviolet/blue and a significantly shorter readout time than the T2K CCDs and offers a 10.4-arcmin-square FOV (0.31 arcsec pixels) when used on the 2.1-m.

 FLAMINGOS IR Imaging Spectrometer: In FY13, FLAMINGOS on the 2.1-m telescope saw continued service as a popular instrument, especially for time-series photometry in conjunction with spacecraft observations. It offers a 20-arcmin-square FOV when used on the 2.1-m (0.6 arcsec pixels).

29 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

WIYN 3.5-m Telescope/Instrumentation The WIYN Observatory consists of the WIYN 3.5-m and 0.9-m telescopes. NOAO is a partner in the consortium (with the University of Wisconsin, Indiana University, and Yale University) that operates the WIYN 3.5-m, the most modern of the telescopes operated on Kitt Peak. The WIYN 3.5-m telescope has the following instrumentation:

 One Degree Imager (ODI): Commissioning of the instrument in static mode (i.e., not utilizing coherent guiding) was completed in FY13. A number of science programs used this instrument, which delivers extremely high quality images. A project to expand the partial focal plane (from 24 arcmin square to 48 arcmin square) got underway in the final weeks of FY13.  Hydra + Bench Spectrograph: This multifiber spectroscopic capability remains very popular with the university partners of the WIYN Observatory and also is sought by members of the NOAO community.  SparsePak3 + Bench Spectrograph: This is an integral-field fiber-feed alternative to the Hydra multi-object spectrograph.

 WIYN High Resolution Infrared Camera (WHIRC): Built by Margaret Meixner of Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), Ed Churchwell (University of Wisconsin) and colleagues at Johns Hopkins University, STScI, WIYN Observatory, and NOAO/KPNO, this near-IR imager provides very high spatial resolution, near-IR imaging over a 3.3  3.3 field of view. In conjunction with the WIYN Tip/Tilt Module (WTTM), images as good as 0.27 arcsec FWHM have been recorded. Mirrors in the WTTM/WHIRC optical path were recoated in FY13, bringing the throughput of WHIRC back up to original (2008) levels.

Infrastructure Modernization The Instrument Handling Facility (IHF) contractor work was completed in FY13. During the first quarter of FY14, KPNO staff will prepare the facility for use. The IHF will provide a mountaintop facility for large instrument maintenance and repair needs and reduce the potential for instrument damage during off-mountain transport.

Kitt Peak Visitor Center The Kitt Peak Visitor Center (KPVC) is administered as part of Kitt Peak National Observatory. The KPVC activities are largely funded by revenue generated by visitor programs and gift shop sales. In addition to the operations of the mountaintop visitor center and gift shop, KPVC provides mountain tours led by a trained docent corps and runs the Nightly Observing Program (NOP) and the Advanced Observing Program (AOP). These internationally known programs allow public visitors to the mountain to experience observing the wonders of the Universe with modern, small telescopes at one of the world’s best sites, surrounded by working research observatories. This is a unique experience for those who participate, and it communicates the excitement of astronomy to the general public. The Kitt Peak Visitor Cen- ter has been providing public outreach for over 49 years. The following table summarizes the number of visitors who participated in paid groups/programs at Kitt Peak during FY13.

30 GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM OPERATIONS

Kitt Peak Visitor Center & Tours Summary of Participants (12 months ending 9/30/13)

# of Participants

Group/Program Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Totals General public tours 2,197 2,995 1,638 480 7,310 School groups K-college 230 85 133 125 573 Special tours 40 68 172 12 292 VIP tours 51 74 34 15 174 Nightly Obs. Program 1,548 2,364 2,161 379 6,452 Advanced Obs. Program 39 38 26 8 111 Other classes & workshops 40 23 61 50 174 Youth group overnights NA 59 15 11 85 TOTALS 4,145 5,706 4,240 1,080 15,171

STATUS OF FY13 MILESTONES

. Install and commission the new Kitt Peak Ohio State Multi-Object Spectrograph (KOSMOS) on the Mayall 4-m telescope. Status: KOSMOS was assembled and tested at the end of FY13. It was installed on the Mayall 4-m telescope and commissioned during the first ten days of FY14.

. Complete a prioritized, cost-estimated list of Mayall 4-m improvements targeted at Delivered Image Quality, and begin work on a subset of these areas as resources permit. Efforts to investigate and improve the pointing and tracking performance of the Mayall 4-m will continue. Status: A prioritized list was completed. Analysis of pointing and tracking improvements continues.

. Establish a Community Science Advisory Committee for DESI (formerly BigBOSS). Status: Completed. Led by Constance Rockosi (University of California Santa Cruz), the Community Science Advisory committee is charged with developing science cases and survey strategies for a variety of galactic and extragalactic studies.

. Establish routine, remote observing procedures with high-demand Mayall 4-m instruments from other NOAO sites and from third-party locations. Status: Completed. Remote observing took place in FY13 with several facility instruments.

. Complete refurbishment of the McMath Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) room in order to establish the new Instrument Handling Facility (IHF). Status: Completed. Contractor work was completed in FY13, and final installations (clean room, cryogenic and vacuum systems, computers, etc.) will be done by KPNO staff in Q1 of FY14.

31 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

. Continue targeted building modification and/or renovation efforts of telescope and KPNO support facilities to address building deficiencies, telescope and instrumentation support system needs, and program requirements. Status: Continuing.

. Complete repair of the bench spectrograph room at WIYN. Status: Completed in the summer of 2013.

4.2.2 NOAO North Engineering & Technical Services

FY13 PROGRAM REVIEW Work during FY13 emphasized two areas: completing planned major maintenance of the Mayall telescope and assisting in preparation for the DESI project (formerly known as BigBOSS). In addition, ETS resources supported instrument development at both the Mayall (KOSMOS) and WIYN (ODI) telescopes (see section 4.4.2 for details). The primary major maintenance activity scheduled for FY13 on the Mayall was to increase the capacity of the mirror lift to allow safe handling of the primary mirror. This work was originally scheduled to be completed during the summer of 2013, but unexpectedly long delivery times from a key vendor forced postponement of the installation to the start of FY14. Work on DESI continued during the year, following selection of the Mayall as the preferred site for the instrument. A preliminary installation plan was developed and presented at the July collaboration meeting; NOAO personnel are supporting this and other aspects of the project, in support of a late- January CD-1 review.

STATUS OF FY13 MILESTONES

. Start conversion of hard-copy drawings to electronic form and begin adding them to the new documentation system. Status: Preparation for the conversion task was largely completed in FY13, with the conversion scheduled to take place in FY14 after existing electronics drawings are transferred.

. Complete conceptual design work on the Mayall mirror lift upgrade. Develop an implementation plan, including a budget and schedule. Status: The design work was completed successfully.

. Complete the Mayall mirror lift upgrade, including the acceptance testing. Status: Due to delays in vendor deliveries, the installation work was deferred from the summer of 2013 to the first quarter of FY14. All major purchases were completed during FY13.

. Finalize an implementation plan for replacement of CCD systems. This requires final definition of the long-term instrument suite for the Mayall and 2.1-m telescopes. Status: The implementation plan was completed. Because NOAO will no longer be operating the 2.1-m, and the Mayall will be operated with the limited instrument suite, the plan essentially com- prises commissioning of the KOSMOS CCD systems.

. Implement and commission the replacement CCD systems. The specifics of these systems are con- tingent on the final long-term instrument suite for the Mayall and 2.1-m telescopes, and on the availability of resources.

32 GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM OPERATIONS

Status: One of the two KOSMOS CCD systems was commissioned; the second will be commissioned in early FY14.

. Complete the Mayall structural modification concept for BigBOSS. Status: A draft plan was developed in preparation for the DESI (formerly BigBOSS) CD-1.

. Complete the facility modification concept for BigBOSS. Status: A draft plan was developed in preparation for the DESI (formerly BigBOSS) CD-1.

. Complete the Mayall performance documentation for BigBOSS. Performance measurements should include pointing, tracking, and delivered image quality. Status: Draft documents were prepared that cover all of these areas.

. Complete the NOAO/BigBOSS interface plan. Status: A draft plan was developed in preparation for the DESI (formerly BigBOSS) CD-1. On-site testing was performed related to temperature, vibration, and fiber-cable routing, among others.

. Complete repairs to the Blanco ƒ/8 secondary mirror. Status: Completed. The repair did not require re-figuring the mirror.

. Verify the final optical performance of the Blanco ƒ/8 secondary mirror and ship it to CTIO. Status: Completed.

4.2.3 NOAO North Central Facilities Operations

FY13 PROGRAM REVIEW Throughout FY13, the NOAO North Central Facilities Operations (NN CFO) staff was involved in a wide variety of projects supporting NOAO North operations. Significant support was provided to complete the KPNO Instrument Handling Facility (IHF) project funded by the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act of 2009 (ARRA). Staff focused their efforts on working with the engineering firm to prepare the renovation documents and obtain bids. The project was successfully awarded and extensive support was involved in reviewing the submitted documentation and regularly inspecting the renovation efforts to complete the project. Other support efforts were provided to KPNO operations to prepare and submit documentation to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in response to their administrative order regarding the mountain water processing system. Staff also supported the NSF Sustainability Audit effort by gathering relevant documentation, accompanying and escorting the site visit team, and respond- ing to their requests for additional clarification. It is anticipated that their final report will be received in FY14. NN CFO staff completed numerous targeted improvements to NOAO’s Tucson facility to accommodate building changes and improve operational efficiencies. Contractors were obtained to remove existing windows and install 36 large, dual-pane windows in the exterior wall of approximately 13 offices. Other efforts focused on remediating asbestos-containing floor tiles, upgrading restrooms, and making piping repairs to the building plumbing system. An older, key rooftop HVAC unit was replaced by staff during the year following its unanticipated failure, and a second unit was obtained for the planned replacement of another obsolete unit in early FY14. Staff also were involved in ongoing improvements to various meeting rooms and offices in addition to general maintenance of the facility. Other major efforts were oriented toward preparing documentation to obtain contracted services for painting of the CFO building, planned replacement of the deteriorated wooden walkways for the roof-

33 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

level offices, and replacement of the primary Tucson and Kitt Peak phone systems. The painting project is complete, and the two remaining projects are ongoing with completion anticipated during the first quarter of FY14.

STATUS OF FY13 MILESTONES

. Continue targeted building modification and renovation efforts at NOAO North Tucson to address building deficiencies and space needs. Status: During the year, asbestos-containing floor tiles were remediated in several areas, and some labs were renovated to meet changing program needs. Repairs were completed on the CFO building, and a contractor repainted the building exterior. Efforts to update a small conference room and renovate another key meeting room were completed. Following departure and/or relocation of personnel, several offices were renovated to accommodate the new occupants.

. Continue the ongoing program to upgrade the various restrooms by replacing fixtures to improve water conservation efforts and by improving the deteriorated interior finishes and accessibility. Status: Staff completed efforts to renovate the men’s and women’s restrooms in the engineering area. Plumbing drainage problems in several restrooms required a significant effort by a limited staff, so restroom renovations will continue into the next fiscal year.

. Pursue upgrading the original, exterior, single-pane window units of the Tucson main building to improve energy efficiency and reduce sound intrusion from the new Tucson streetcar system. Status: An outside contractor removed approximately 36 large, exterior single-pane windows from 13 offices and replaced them with new, dual-pane, energy-efficient windows. Two additional offices had their large windows replaced to address the significant heat gain from the direct sunlight.

. Upgrade and/or replace deteriorated or obsolete portions of the mechanical air distribution system. Status: Due to staff limitations, portions of this effort were deferred. Other efforts focused on repairs to duct work and the replacement of an older, roof-mounted HVAC unit serving the ATST area that had a compressor fail. A second unit was purchased to replace a unit with a similar problem in the La Quinta complex with installation of it projected for the beginning of FY14.

. Begin integration of the new building management control system installed in FY12 to help enhance control over the heating and control systems and pursue energy reductions. Status: Minor issues were resolved with the new building control system, and it now has full control over the building HVAC systems. When appropriate, control parameters can be reviewed and easily adjusted to improve energy conservation and reduce operational costs for the various seasons.

4.2.4 NOAO North Computer Infrastructure Services

FY13 PROGRAM REVIEW A new system for virtual private network (VPN) remote access to the NOAO-Tucson network was implemented. The new anyconnect.noao.edu system uses the Remote Authentication Dial In User Service (RADIUS) password system, which also is used for the internal NOAO Wi-Fi system. The VPN remote access system has been used by over 135 staff (NOAO and associated groups) since installation. The FreeBSD operating system (OS) was rebuilt onto new disks to implement newer OS versions and to make systems more maintainable. The systems upgraded include ftp, email, ssh, logs, radius, www, taurus, and arpwatch.

34 GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM OPERATIONS

A new backup system using BackupPC software was installed on Kitt Peak to back up downtown servers and personal computers (PCs). The system uses some unused bandwidth going up the mountain. Most of the NOAO Web (www) server was moved to new hardware. A complete conversion was stymied by many old (decade-plus) programs that do not work with new security-aware system software. The old and new www are being run in parallel until all of the software issues can be fixed. Due to several unfortunate incidents, the NOAO director mandated that the CIS groups implement Web monitors and filters. To meet this goal, a Barracuda Web Filter 610 was installed in the NOAO- Arizona network. The Web filter interacts with the Cisco 7206 router/firewall so that bulk data flows are not impeded; only outgoing Web requests are inspected for inappropriate URLs. The implementation of the NOAO-Vis public wireless network in NOAO-Tucson required that a separate, temporary, Cisco switch be put in place to allow traffic on this network to go through the Barracuda Web Filter. As a result of the lessons learned in this exercise, a new Cisco ASR1001 device was purchased late in FY13. A large amount of work during Q2 and Q3 was devoted to helping the AURA CAS organization implement a private network and Internet gateway in parallel with the NOAO-Arizona network. In keeping with the new AURA password policies and to respond to security deficiencies in NOAO systems, several internal password systems and policies were implemented. (1) The CommuniGatePro email server in use at NOAO North was modified to use the RADIUS password infrastructure. To prepare for this, ten years of accumulated “junk” was removed from the email server. (2) The ssh.noao.edu system was modified to no longer accept passwords from sources outside the NOAO North local network in favor of public-private key pairs. (3) Several of the public servers used by NOAO North staff, including ftp, taurus, and crux, were modified to accept RADIUS passwords in place of stand-alone passwords. A major effort was begun in FY13 to change the way Windows workstations (desktops, laptops, servers) at NOAO North are supported. CIS will stop supporting Windows XP on its network after April 2014 when Microsoft drops security patch support. Earlier versions of the Windows OS are already obsolete and should not be present on the network. The current McAfee/Symantec antivirus software being used will be replaced at the beginning of FY14 by tools from Shavlik that combine antivirus protection with patch management for applications including Adobe, Java, Firefox, Chrome, Thunderbird, Apple, and Microsoft. All Windows workstations that are not already part of an Active Directory will be incorporated into ad.tuc.noao.edu, AURA password policies will be applied, and there will be a strong push to insure that all operators of Windows workstations use a non-administrator account for day-to-day activities. To help CIS prepare for the rollout of the Windows Active Directory system, a CIS staff member attended a six-day training session on the Windows Server 2008 R2.

STATUS OF FY13 MILESTONES

. Implement a Windows Active Directory Domain in Tucson to include approximately 225 currently unmanaged Windows workstations, laptops, and servers in Tucson (owned by NOAO, NSO, and other organizations), and implement the AURA policies on passwords and account lockout. Status: In Progress. The production Windows Active Directory (AD) system is in place and workstations are being added. During Q3, a memo was sent to the staff that outlined the procedure for assimilation. Good progress was made during Q3 and Q4 of FY13 toward the goal of incorporating Shavlik patch installation and virus protection into the AD system to replace the existing McAffee and Symantec antivirus systems and ad-hoc patch control.

. Investigate and prepare a strategy for an FY14 implementation to bring approximately 100 Apple Mac workstations and laptops and approximately 225 Linux workstations, laptops, and servers under password and account lockout control.

35 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

Status: In Progress. Sample systems were obtained from vendors and tried. During Q1, the ADmitMac software from Thursby Software was tested. Evaluation of the DirectControl software from Centrify was begun during Q4.

. Begin detailed planning for Security Domains at the Mayall 4-m telescope and such domains on the rest of Kitt Peak and in Tucson that are necessary to support the Mayall Security Domains. NN CIS staff will install the Mayall Security Domains during the 2013 summer shutdown. Preliminary planning for Security Domains at the other NOAO telescopes on Kitt Peak will begin in FY13. Status: This milestone was delayed to FY14 due to its complexity and higher priorities. However, a partial revamping of the mountain networks began in FY13 in the context of isolating the tenant networks from each other and from the NOAO network.

. Begin planning for Security Domains in Tucson in preparation for an FY14–15 implementation. NN CIS staff will consult with the owners and users of the Tucson computers to define the domains and the access rules for interconnecting the domains. Status: A somewhat de-scoped project began in late FY13. The focus is on a project that will isolate some of the CIS-administered servers and systems into a security domain that will look a lot like a DMZ. While not all-encompassing, this project is large enough to illuminate the issues.

. Incorporate the DMZ for Internet-facing servers into the Tucson Security Domain scheme. Status: This was begun late in FY13 in the context of the planning and prototyping noted in the next milestone and the CIS Security Domain project described in the previous milestone.

. Plan and prototype the hardware needed to do the necessary routing among the Tucson Security Do- mains. Status: Work on this as it relates to the two previous milestones began late in FY13.

4.3 NOAO SYSTEM SCIENCE CENTER The telescope facilities of the US ground-based optical/infrared system (the O/IR System) constitute a powerful and capable suite of observational capabilities. A key mission for NOAO is to deliver peer-reviewed community access to a broad range of world-class instruments on telescopes of all apertures within the O/IR System. The NOAO System Science Center (NSSC) forms NOAO’s interface to the System, with primary aims being to strengthen the contributions of NOAO’s directly managed facilities to the System, while providing user support for system facilities not directly managed by NOAO, as well as to advocate and organize planning for the future development of the System. The NSSC mission thus incorporates a wide range of responsibilities, many of which focus on present-day facilities, while others deal with the evolution toward a future System, such as organizing community input for the LSST and TMT projects. NSSC consists of four major programs that cover the main areas of user interface with the System noted above: System User Support (SUS), Science Data Management (SDM), Telescope Allocation Committee (TAC) management team, and System Community Development (SCD). SUS provides help

36 GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM OPERATIONS

to users of the currently available open-access time on facilities that are not managed by NOAO, which covers the entire process of proposal preparation, submission, observing, and post-observing data questions. SDM support revolves around the archiving of all raw data from NOAO facilities and pipeline processing for selected instruments, as well as the data needs and support for future projects that involve NOAO. The TAC team manages the entire NOAO observing proposal process, which covers the NOAO Call for Proposals, proposal submission, ingestion of proposals into the NOAO proposal database, and hosting the TAC panel meetings that provide scientific rankings of all observing proposals submitted to NOAO. SCD maintains a broad view of the current state of the System and how community desires and needs are best mapped into the future evolution of this System.

4.3.1 System User Support

FY13 PROGRAM REVIEW SUS provided support to users of NOAO facilities not directly operated by NOAO. The focus was on support related to Gemini and the Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy (CHARA) interferometric array. In FY13, SUS supported US Gemini users in several ways: (1) through completion of HelpDesk tickets; (2) by supporting the NOAO telescope time allocation process via technical reviews of the proposed science programs and through the Time Allocation Committee (TAC) meetings; (3) by participating in the Gemini International TAC (ITAC) process; and (4) through the completion of the Gemini Phase II process, including mask-checking for GMOS programs. The SUS staff provided support for two new Gemini instruments, the Gemini Multi-Conjugate Adaptive Optics System (GeMS) with the Gemini South Adaptive Optics Imager (GSAOI) and FLAMINGOS-2, acquiring the necessary expertise from the respective instrument scientists during focus meetings and by visiting the telescope site. As the US National Gemini Office (NGO), SUS interacts with Gemini to constantly improve the observing experience for US users. Most of the interaction occurs through bi-weekly meetings of Gemini and the other NGOs, email, and the bi-annual Operations Working Group (OpsWG) meetings. One SUS member participates on the Gemini Science and Advisory Committee, and this optimizes the information flow. During the past two OpsWG meetings, Gemini and the NGOs discussed possible shifts of responsibilities between them, in particular, the release of the Phase II support from the NGOs, and the acquisition of other modules of support for the users. NSSC SUS responded to the request from Gemini to provide details on current or planned staffing and the weight of the various Gemini-related activities in terms of FTEs at the US NGO. SUS will work with Gemini to provide the US users a different type of support, such as data analysis and calibration, the organization of science meetings and data reduction workshops, and support for online data forums. There were no major managerial changes in SUS during FY13.

STATUS OF FY13 MILESTONES

. Provide all manner of user support for open-access time to a broad and continually evolving array of non-NOAO/non-Gemini facilities, such as Keck and MMT and continued access to CHARA or any new facilities that might be offered under NOAO-managed time. Status: In the Call for Proposals during FY13, NOAO offered observing with Subaru (through Gem- ini exchange), Keck, CHARA, and the Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT); pre-TAC support for CHARA; and TAC-related support for all other facilities.

. Continue effective support of US Gemini access and programs, such as Phase I and Phase II observing processes, the HelpDesk, and site visits, with the view towards productive user access to the increased number of US nights on the Gemini telescopes resulting from the UK withdrawal as well as any new observational capabilities that come online.

37 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

Status: SUS continued to support all activities related to Gemini programs submitted to NOAO. Support was provided to the US Gemini users through the completion of HelpDesk tickets, technical reviews and Phase II support for mature and new capabilities, and acting as the first point of contact for the users.

. Provide SUS staff knowledge and expertise of the facilities that constitute the NOAO-managed suite of telescopes and instruments in support of the NOAO time allocation process (such as technical reviews). Status: SUS staff gained the knowledge and expertise to support two new Gemini capabilities: GeMS/GSAOI in semester 2013A, with some SUS staff visiting the facility and acquiring Phase II expertise through training; and FLAMINGOS-2 in semester 2013B, with selected SUS members receiving training for Phase II support of this new instrument.

. Foster close ties and lines of communication with the new (as of 1 August 2012) Gemini directorate and staff, with the goal of promoting the effective use of the Gemini telescopes by the US user community. Status: The heads of the NGOs met with the Gemini director in February and August during the OpsWG meetings. A conversation was begun regarding the future role of the NGOs, which might vary between partners. Following discussions within SUS and NSSC, NOAO provided input on possible development of its role with Gemini. The interaction is continuing.

. Embark on shared missions within NSSC with SCD and SDM, such as using SUS staff System experience and scientific expertise to advise on continuing evolution of the System, or helping SDM to improve the user experience with the NOAO data archives. Status: SDM was involved in the conversation regarding the new NGO responsibilities and whether these could involve some SDM activities in the future.

. Work with the community, relevant committees, and NOAO staff in supporting the processes necessary to plan and procure new instruments or capabilities for NOAO and Gemini telescopes. Status: SUS has representation in the Gemini Science and Technology Advisory Committee (STAC), where the discussion on new instrumentation is very active at this time. The Gemini STAC met in April in Tucson. STAC recommendations included pursuing commissioning of the multi-object spectrometer mode of the FLAMINGOS-2; upgrading the GMOS, NIRI, and Altair detectors and controllers; and support for the large and long-term programs proposed by Gemini. NOAO was proposed to host the TAC for these programs in the near future.

4.3.2 Science Data Management

FY13 PROGRAM REVIEW A major focus of effort for Science Data Management (SDM) in FY13 was instrument support, as two key new instruments, the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) at CTIO and the partially populated One De- gree Imager (pODI) at WIYN began full operational mode. Both DECam and pODI caused an enormous increase in data flow to Tucson as well as to the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NCSA) and Indiana University, respectively. Additionally, there were DECam’s increased demands on archiving, pipeline processing, and serving of its raw and reduced data through the NOAO Archive Sys- tem. On a single night, one NOAO observing program took 786 DECam exposures with a volume of 890 GB (370 GB compressed), and all were captured without incident. It was not unusual for the total daily volume of data ingested into the Archive to exceed 1 TB. SDM members also developed a Data

38 GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM OPERATIONS

Handling System (DHS) for the new spectrographs, KOSMOS and COSMOS, and provided support for the initial tests of KOSMOS on the Kitt Peak Mayall telescope. Pipeline development and deployment was another major effort for SDM in FY13. Members of SDM provided extensive feedback as well as algorithmic and coding improvements to the DES Data Management (DES-DM) team that developed the DECam Community Pipeline (CP) for operation at NOAO. Collaboration with the DES-DM team will continue as the CP evolves. Members of SDM participated in the development of the pODI Portal, Pipeline, and Archive System (PPA) that is run on systems at Indiana University. SDM’s largest contribution to the PPA was in building the science pipeline for pODI. Two major releases of the NOAO Archive System (1.9 and 2.0) were deployed in FY13. The most notable improvements include an overhaul of the underlying software infrastructure, conversion of the Portal to the jRuby platform, deployment of a Simple Image Access (SIA) service, and a new security and authentication system that replaces the National Virtual Observatory (NVO) single sign-on system, although Archive users may continue to sign on with their NVO identity. Members of the SDM Opera- tions group made great strides in improving the robustness and speed of system deployments using virtualized machines (VMs) and the Puppet configuration management system. In other activities, members of SDM continued to provide support for the Virtual Astronomical Ob- servatory (VAO) project, testing new services and tools before release, supporting the VAO Help Desk, and participating in VAO outreach events. An initial version of the VAO CLI (client) tools was developed and tested with a public release scheduled in late fall of 2013. A new version of IRAF, 2.16.1, was released at the end of FY13.

STATUS OF FY13 MILESTONES

. Continue operation of a functionally complete version of the SDM End-to-End (E2E) data management system including data capture, transport, archiving, pipeline processing (of Mosaic, NEWFIRM, and DECam data), and user access. Status: Operations continued normally. The total size of the NOAO data holdings is currently more than 151 terabytes (not counting the redundancy copies). DECam has been the most demanding instrument due to its data rate and processing requirements. There were no outages of user-facing services that were not related to planned service upgrades.

. Operate the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) Community Pipeline received from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) project. Continue to work with the DES astronomers and developers to validate the pipeline during commissioning, science verification, and science observing. Status: The NOAO DECam Community Pipeline has been in stable operation since early spring of 2013 with occasional target updates. Community data has been pipeline-processed and associated reduced data products have been archived and distributed to PIs. The DES CP team and members of SDM made great progress in understanding the remaining major instrumental artifacts and in implementing improvements to the pipeline. The last community pipeline delivery in FY13 from DES- DM was version 2.2.3, which included improved pupil and illumination corrections and updates to the imcorrect task.

. Continue to provide data handling and transport support for the NOAO instrumentation: Mosaic, NEWFIRM, KOSMOS, COSMOS, DECam, and pODI. Status: The Data Transport System continued to work quite well in transporting DECam data to NCSA and Tucson and pODI data to Tucson and Pervasive Technologies, Inc (PTI) at Indiana Uni- versity. Improvements to the system, including a new transport protocol (UDT) for better performance and a Web-based monitoring tool, were completed by the SDM intern in April and deployed

39 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

in early fall. A preliminary version of the KOSMOS/COSMOS Data Handling System was completed and used in the initial on-sky testing of KOSMOS in the first week of October.

. Continue development of a science pipeline for the WIYN One Degree Imager (ODI) to operate within the Open Grid Computing Environment (OGCE) on the Extreme Science and Engineering Discovery Environment (XSEDE). Status: A preliminary pODI automatic science pipeline was developed and tested on the SDM DECam pipeline cluster in support of science verification. The pipeline was deployed on a computer cluster at Indiana University for operation there. There are no plans to deploy to XSEDE at this time. Work continues on enhanced calibration steps (pupil ghost removal, persistence) and evaluation of the calibrated data produced by the pipeline.

. Support the Virtual Astronomical Observatory by building extensions to the VOClient package to provide a suite of command-line tools and a Python interface to support shell scripting and user-built tools, by organizing VO Community Days and an exhibit for the winter 2013 American Astronomi- cal Society (AAS) meeting, and by supporting the help desk and software continuous integration systems. Status: The VOClient CLI tools were tested and are awaiting final approval for release to the public. Development of the native and VOCLient versions of the PyVO interfaces are also underway with a release expected during the fall of 2013. SDM staff supported a VAO booth and presented papers at the Long Beach AAS, as well as making presentations at the open house for the AURA Member Rep- resentatives meeting in Tucson in April. SDM members supported a VO Day held at the University of Michigan in mid-November.

. Begin a long-term project to enhance the IRAF CL scripting language for support of pipeline task development and multi-core/multi-CPU systems. These changes will include the addition of in- memory image operators and automated parallel execution that will greatly improve the desktop performance of all tasks operating on large imagers such as the DECam and ODI. Status: Preliminary work on the extensions to the IRAF CL that are designed to permit user-defined functions and subroutines was begun. Long-standing bugs in the CL were addressed as part of the general upgrade release of IRAF v2.16.1 in early fall of 2013.

. Reduce operational overhead by migrating several services to a virtualization platform, by using a distributed version control system for operational code and configuration information, and by extending use of configuration management systems. Status: There was substantial progress in this area. All new services and machines were virtualized and put under puppet management as they were deployed. Older machines and services were upgraded as resources allowed. The primary focus was on reducing the time required to support normal operational workflows, and most of this work was spent in supporting the transition to a new authentication system for the portal to the NOAO Archive.

. Deploy a La Serena portal to give local access to the southern Mass Storage System (raw data only). Status: There was no specific progress on this milestone, partly because the southern Mass Storage System (at NOAO South) failed midyear, requiring significant effort to build and deploy a replacement system. At the same time, a third-copy mass store was constructed at Kitt Peak to recover the redundancy that was lost following NCSA’s termination of their tape service where the third copy of the NOAO Archive had been stored,. These two mass stores required significant effort and expense. The plan is to provide access to data in the southern mass store through the new download client that will be deployed during the first quarter of FY14.

40 GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM OPERATIONS

. Update the archive and portal components of the End-to-End (E2E) system to incorporate the NOAO Survey Archive data holdings into the NOAO Science Archive (NSA) and merge the data sets. Status: Progress in this area is ongoing. The main progress was the move to external header files as the interface for file metadata required by the Archive. The purpose is to allow the Archive to native- ly support a wider variety of file types (besides FITS image data), which is a requirement for the full transition into a single Archive.

. Continue to upgrade and develop the End-to-End (E2E) system by creating a faster download client, developing an initial capability to store and retrieve FITS binary tables and non-FITS files, and creating tools to support the ingest of file associations for Mosaic reduced data and continue to maintain the NOAO Science Archive (NSA) infrastructure by investigating an upgrade of the authentication and authorization software and upgrading selected, critical third party software. Status: In June 2013, version 1.9.1 of the Archive system was deployed adding the capability of ingesting any format file into the Archive. Previously the Archive was restricted to ingesting only FITS format files. In September 2013, version 2.0 was released replacing the NVO authentication and authorization service for Archive users with a local service. Work on version 2.1 (new download client) is nearing completion and will be delivered to testing in October 2013 for deployment during the first quarter of FY14.

. Devise and deploy a plan for maintaining and upgrading the many hardware components of the End- to-End (E2E) system in the north and south. Status: A strategic plan for maintaining and upgrading the Archive system hardware components at NOAO North and South was completed. This plan provides a predictable, flat budget profile for future years barring unforeseen emergencies. Some aspects of the plan and associated practices were tested during the builds of the new Mass Storage Systems in the south and on Kitt Peak.

4.3.3 Time Allocation Committee

FY13 PROGRAM REVIEW For the 2013A semester, NOAO offered public, peer-reviewed access to 16 telescopes: Mayall 4-m, WIYN 3.5-m, 2.1-m, and 0.9-m at Kitt Peak; Blanco 4-m, SOAR 4.1-m, and SMARTS 1.5-m, 1.3-m, and 0.9-m at Cerro Tololo; Gemini North and South; Keck I and II; MMT; Anglo-Australian Telescope; and the CHARA interferometric array. By the proposal deadline of 27 September 2012, 378 proposals requesting 1227 nights of telescope time had been received. In semester 2013B, NOAO offered peer-reviewed access to 15 telescopes, the same list of telescopes as in semester 2013A minus the MMT. There were 375 new proposals covering the regular semester call, as well as an NOAO Survey call, requesting a total of 1567 nights (1019 nights for regular proposals and 546 nights for survey proposals). The NOAO Time Allocation Committee (TAC) for both 2013A and 2013B was comprised of seven scientific panels (three extragalactic, three galactic, and one solar systems), each made up of five voting members and a nonvoting Chair. NOAO staff of the TAC group served as the TAC Program Coordina- tor, Software Support Manager, and manager (chair) of the overall process. The 2013A TAC met in Tuc- son from 5–9 November 2012, while the 2013B TAC met from 6–10 May 2013, also in Tucson. Of note was the fact that the CTIO Blanco 4-m telescope was undersubscribed in 2013A. This was probably due to several factors: most importantly that only one instrument (DECam) was available, commissioning of DECam was still in progress, and the public was not fully aware of the extraordinary grasp of this instrument. To rectify this, NOAO issued a Special Call for Proposals for DECam in 2013A, with a deadline of 31 January 2013. In response to this call, NOAO received 44 proposals requesting a

41 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

total of 168.1 nights (i.e., an oversubscription factor of more than 4). A special two-panel (one extragalactic, one galactic + solar systems) TAC was convened to review the proposals. This committee met via telecon on 18 February 2013 and sent the ranked list to CTIO for scheduling by the end of the same day.

STATUS OF FY13 MILESTONES

. Work with SUS to issue calls for proposals for regular programs (twice a year) and survey programs (once a year). Status: The 2013A and 2013B proposal cycles are complete. NOAO also carried out a Special Call for Proposals for 2013A for the DECam instrument on the Blanco 4-m telescope. The 2013 TAC process also included a Call for Survey Programs for which the Survey TAC met in March 2013.

. Convene Time Allocation Committee (TAC) panels twice a year to review the proposals and provide recommendations to the NOAO director. Status: The TAC process for semesters 2013A and 2013B are complete. The 2013A TAC met on 5–9 November 2012, with an additional special TAC convened on 18 February 2013 to review the proposals submitted to the special DECam call. The 2013B TAC panels met during the week of 6–10 May 2013. The Survey TAC met on 30 April and 1 May 2013.

. Work with the public and private observatories to prioritize and schedule the approved programs. Status: This was accomplished for the 2013A and 2013B semesters.

. Keep the membership of the Time Allocation Committee (TAC) panels current and ensure that they include the expertise required to review the scientific and technical aspects of the proposals. Status: This was completed for semesters 2013A and 2013B.

. Coordinate with SUS and the private observatories to provide timely technical reviews of the proposals. Status: This was successfully completed for semesters 2013A and 2013B.

. Ensure timely announcements of the results of the time allocation process. Status: This was successfully completed for semesters 2013A and 2013B.

. Incorporate appropriate feedback about the time allocation process into improvements for the next proposal cycle. Status: The feedback from the TAC was overwhelmingly positive. NOAO continues to work toward improving (and simplifying) the process.

. Investigate the evolution of the proposal process for KPNO as the federal investment in this observatory is divested. Status: This issue was discussed, but no final decision was made on how to proceed.

42 GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM OPERATIONS

4.3.4 System Community Development

FY13 PROGRAM REVIEW

LSST Science The NOAO LSST Science group worked on several activities aimed at providing LSST community science support during the years preceding the start of the LSST survey. The group summarized its plans and goals for providing LSST community science services in a white paper written in early FY13 and in a poster paper presented at the January 2013 AAS meeting. NOAO scientists helped to organize and run a meeting on “LSST in Tucson” in February 2013 to promote Tucson-wide interaction for scientific use of LSST. A major goal was collaboration across departments and organizations. There were representatives from NOAO, the Planetary Sciences Institute, and many departments at the University of Arizona (Astronomy, Physics, Computer Science, and Statis- tics). Following the “LSST in Tucson” meeting, staff from NOAO initiated discussions with the Universi- ty of Arizona Computer Science department on approaches to the problem of developing an LSST-scale transient broker for the user community. The group created a design for the software infrastructure necessary to filter alerts. With a Computer Science faculty member as PI, the group submitted a successful NSF IINSPIRE (Iowa, Illinois, Nebraska STEM Partnership for Innovation in Research) proposal to support the computer science aspects of development for a broker. Weekly meetings were held to continue work on the prototype. To facilitate science collaboration involvement in the construction phase of the LSST Project, NOAO organized a meeting for the collaboration chairs that was held in Tucson in March 2013. Each of the science collaborations was represented by at least one Chair. In addition, staff from the LSST Project and the new LSST director, Steve Kahn, attended. They began the process of developing a road map for future interaction between the collaborations and the Project. NOAO scientists ran a workshop titled “Spectroscopy in the Era of LSST” that was held in Tucson in April 2013. Over fifty attendees discussed capabilities they would like to see for follow-up of LSST discoveries. There was representation from across the US, including public and private universities, federal facilities, and international observatories. Breakout sessions on science topics produced lists of de- sired capabilities. A white paper summarizing the workshop was completed and is available on NOAO’s LSST web page. The LSST Operations Simulator (OpSim) project began the year with work on reducing the running time of OpSim version 2 by approximately a factor of five, enabling production-speed turn-around on substantial parameter studies. The OpSim group next completed OpSim version 3.0, which supports future look-ahead and alternate algorithm investigations. The group conducted several simulation studies for LSST systems engineering, including the impact of increased detector read noise on u-band depth. The simulation post-processing suite was upgraded, including Simulated Survey Tools for Analysis and Reporting (SSTAR) version 3.9. Work was initiated on plans to improve the accessibility of OpSim data products to members of the community at large. NOAO LSST Science staff worked with LSST Data Management staff on developing ideas and software for science data quality analysis (SDQA). The ultimate goal of this work is to provide an interface to the scientific community, bringing their expertise to bear on the problem of LSST data quality. NOAO staff became familiar with the LSST Data Management software stack, in particular, the quality analysis module. Work was begun to provide user support and data quality analysis for the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) Stripe 82 data set, which was reprocessed by the LSST software development pipeline as part of their Winter 2013 Data Challenge. Results from that analysis were used to design the Summer 2013 Data Challenge, which re-reduced Stripe 82 in all filters and turned on additional analysis algorithms.

43 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

The annual organization by NOAO of the selection of new LSST science collaborations and new members for existing LSST science collaborations was delayed while membership criteria were revised by the LSST Board. The new selection took place in May 2013. There were ten proposals for membership in existing collaborations of which seven were approved. A member of the NOAO LSST Science group was selected as the new co-chair for the Supernova Science Collaboration. Another member was selected to lead the Magellanic Clouds working group in the Stars, Milky Way, and Local Volume Science Collaboration.

Optical Interferometry Science NSSC/SCD staff was heavily involved in FY13 in furthering the use of interferometry science within the US community. They negotiated access to the CHARA interferometer for 2012 and 2013 by agreement with Georgia State University, and an NOAO staff member served on the 2013 CHARA Telescope Allo- cation and Scheduling Committee. For 2013, the NOAO TAC recommended six visitor nights, which were accepted by CHARA and scheduled. NOAO staff continued to consult on Phase I of the CHARA adaptive optics implementation project, which will enhance the facility performance for the faint targets commonly proposed to the NOAO TAC. In collaboration with T.A. ten Brummelaar, G. van Belle, and G. Perrin, NOAO organized an international Interferometry Community Forum, which had a very successful two-day kick-off meeting in Flagstaff in March of 2013. An NOAO staff member is a co- investigator in a CHARA MSIP proposal with the main objective to substantially increase community access to optical interferometry; NOAO has agreed to support the TAC process for this enhanced level of community use, if the MSIP proposal is funded.

The System Roadmap Committee Early in FY13, the System Roadmap Committee (SRC) analyzed the potential impact of the NSF Portfo- lio Review Committee report in the context of the US Ground-Based Optical/Infrared System. The SRC found that the report would have a significant (adverse) impact on the health of the System and the astronomical community, with the magnitude of the impact depending on how the report is implemented. The SRC released a statement describing the potential impact of the report and made suggestions regarding its implementation. Published in issues 24 and 25 of Currents, the NOAO electronic newsletter, the statement attracted over 900 endorsements from the astronomical community. The endorsing community is broadly based and includes individuals from more than 200 US institutions located in 43 states and the District of Columbia.

STATUS OF FY13 MILESTONES

. Solicit and conduct the review of proposals for membership in the LSST Science Collaboration groups and for forming new LSST Science Collaboration groups. Status: Completed.

. Host working meetings of each of the LSST Science Collaboration groups. Help the group chairs organize these meetings and ensure that results are effectively communicated to the LSST Project. Status: Completed.

. Complete development of the LSST Operations Simulator (OpSim) version 3, with the enhanced capability of replaceable modules for alternate scheduling algorithms, system constraints, and environmental input, and greater flexibilities for specifying science use case requirements. Status: The design with the required enhancements was completed and presented in July 2013 for review to a panel consisting of project members and representatives from the science collaborations.

44 GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM OPERATIONS

Coding commenced that incorporated advice from the review, and a beta release was in test at the end of FY13.

. Implement and evaluate at least one alternate LSST scheduling algorithm and compare the performance with the current algorithm. Status: After a review of candidate algorithms, several were selected as candidates for implementation: the rolling cadence (with enhanced cadence of visits to a subset of the sky, advancing to other subsets during the survey), and localized traveling salesman optimization (with rigorous optimization by linear programming techniques for short intervals over which most of the variable constraints can be considered temporarily constant). In addition, “deterministic look-ahead” is an enhanced scheduling algorithm that was implemented in the first release of OpSim Version 3.

. Provide simulations and necessary, customized post-processing analysis to support LSST System Engineering performance margin investigations for the Final Design Review. Status: Completed.

. Design and implement a software framework for systematic evaluation of LSST Merit Functions (developed in FY12) as an automated element of standard post-processing of all LSST Operations Simulator (OpSim) simulations. Status: A Framework design was completed and reviewed. The design consists of an interface (which has been defined and implemented), and the top level control scripts, which were not completed owing to higher priority OpSim responsibilities to the project.

. Implement the Assimilator (prototyped in FY12) for the use of metrics to measure the comparative technical and science performance of LSST schedule simulations. Status: The Assimilator was implemented in prototype, as was the Analyzer that presents post- processing results in a user-friendly format.

. Write a statement of work describing the LSST Science Data Quality Analysis (SDQA) effort that will be reviewed and agreed to by NOAO and the LSST Project Office. Status: Discussions on how to approach SDQA began at the end of FY13 in LSST.

. Install and perform basic tests of the LSST Data Management (DM) software stack and the Pipeline Quality Assessment (PipeQA) software. Status: Completed.

. Begin designing metrics to test the output of LSST Data Management (DM) software, specifically, Pipeline Quality Assessment (PipeQA), starting with the output photometry from single frames. Status: Work was begun in the context of providing user support for the Stripe 82 reprocessed data set.

. Identify potential fixes for any LSST Data Management (DM) software bugs that may be discovered through the Science Data Quality Analysis (SDQA) effort. Status: A few small bugs were discovered through the PipeQA installation and testing work, and these were fixed. Some data quality issues were discovered during analysis of the LSST reprocessed Stripe 82 data set.

. Involve LSST Science Collaboration members in the Science Data Quality Analysis (SDQA) effort as possible and necessary.

45 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

Status: LSST Science Collaboration members were involved in the LSST reprocessed Stripe 82 data analysis effort. SCD established and maintained a mailing list and wiki page in support of this outreach to the Science Collaborations.

. Use Science Data Quality Analysis (SDQA) algorithms in analysis of DECam science verification and shared-risk images. Status: Progress was made in the analysis of DECam images.

. Begin work on the description of a flow-down from top-level Science Data Quality Analysis (SDQA) written requirements to low-level requirements. Status: Discussions on how to approach SDQA began at the end of FY13 in LSST.

. Attend weekly LSST Data Management (DM) telecons and Applications telecons as needed. Status: Completed.

. Develop a description and requirements specification for an LSST-scale event broker. Status: A description and requirements specification of a prototype event broker was completed in collaboration with the University of Arizona Computer Science department, and included as part of the successful NSF IINSPIRE proposal.

. Host the “Spectroscopy in the Era of LSST” workshop. Status: Completed. The report from the workshop is available at the NOAO LSST web page, ast.noao.edu/sites/default/files/spectroscopylsst.pdf.

. Negotiate for community access to the Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy (CHARA) Array in 2013 and provide required support to community users and the NOAO time allocation process. Status: Completed.

. Consult with CHARA on wavefront sensing improvements that will increase the productivity of the array. Status: In Phase I of CHARA AO development, the design and component procurement was completed and is being implemented by the CHARA staff. The thrust of the planned Phase II is the addition of the required deformable mirrors. NSSC staff continued to consult with CHARA in analysis of the DM requirements and to work with potential vendors on development of cost-effective designs.

. Plan for and hold a meeting of the System Roadmap Committee in FY13 and issue a System Roadmap Report. Status: In Q1, the SRC, led by J. Najita (NOAO) and Tom Soifer (Caltech) discussed the NSF Port- folio Review report and needs of the System community and wrote a statement in response to the report that was published in the NOAO electronic newsletter Currents. The committee also created a petition website through which it received nearly 1000 endorsements from concerned members of the astronomy community. The report was forwarded to the NSF in Q2 of 2013.

46 GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM OPERATIONS

4.4 NOAO SYSTEM TECHNOLOGY CENTER The NOAO System Technology Center (NSTC) is responsible for coordinating technological enhancements to the US Ground-Based Opti- cal/Infrared System (System) by NOAO directly, in collaboration with various partner institutions, or through the Telescope System Instrumentation Program (TSIP). As such, it takes the leadership role on technical activities within NOAO that are needed to realize new telescope projects or to enhance the instrument complements on existing System telescopes operated by NOAO or other entities. The NSTC incorporates four programs serving these goals: (1) System Instrumentation (SI), which oversees the direct efforts of NOAO to build new instruments or enhance the performance of existing instruments for its own telescopes, for the Gemini telescopes, and for other telescopes participating in the System; (2) ReSTAR Instrumentation, which manages the implementation of NSF-funded projects for the 4-m System; (3) Telescope System Instru- mentation Program (TSIP), which provides funding to other observatories for new instrumentation in return for time on their telescopes being made available to the US community through the NOAO Time Allocation Committee (TAC); and (4) LSST Technology, which provides scientific, engineering, and management support to the LSST Project and is responsible for telescope mount, enclosure design, and site work within the LSST partnership.

4.4.1 System Instrumentation

FY13 PROGRAM REVIEW Apart from the ReSTAR program described in section 4.4.2 below, the major effort of the System In- strumentation (SI) program was directed toward the successful completion of the SOAR Adaptive Optics Module, as described in the milestone summaries below. The SI program did not support any students or postdocs during FY13.

STATUS OF FY13 MILESTONES

. Implement the corrections needed to remove heat from the light path for the SOAR Adaptive Optics Module (SAM) Laser Guide Star (LGS) system, and determine whether any further technical improvements are needed to reduce the projected size of the laser spots to match the scientific requirements for good seeing correction. Status: Completed. After relocating the electronics boxes to remove heat sources from the light path, the LGS spots are consistently small enough to permit closing the AO loop in median or better seeing conditions, as per the design specification for the system.

. By the third quarter of FY13, begin the on-sky commissioning and science verification of the entire SAM system, including development of all science user software and training for SOAR observatory support staff. Status: Completed as to commissioning and science verification. Science verification started in observing semester 2013A and carried over into the first month (August) of semester 2013B. User software improved significantly, though there is still a punch list of tasks to be completed. Training of SOAR support staff is well advanced and will continue throughout semester 2013B.

47 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

. By the end of FY13, begin community scientific use of SAM on a shared-risk basis. Status: Completed. SAM was offered to the US scientific community in the proposal cycle for semester 2013B, and the first community observers used SAM in September 2013.

. Jointly with the NOAO North Engineering & Technical Services group, begin implementation of a new documentation tracking system for Kitt Peak instruments and instrumentation projects. Status: Completed. All documentation for instrument projects of the last five years was incorporated into the new tracking system.

4.4.2 ReSTAR Instrumentation

FY13 PROGRAM REVIEW Significant progress was made on the KOSMOS and COSMOS projects by the NOAO-OSU partnership, through the development, testing, and implementation of a new system for assembling the two triplet lenses and one doublet lens in each instrument’s camera. Repeated attempts by the original vendor to cement these compound lenses failed when the cement bonds could not survive the required thermal testing. OSU led the effort to design oil-coupled cells for these lenses, and following a successful review of the design in January 2013, NOAO finished making the parts in July. Team members from both institutions assembled and tested the cameras in August, and the completed cameras passed all optical, mechanical, and environmental tests.

STATUS OF FY13 MILESTONES

. KOSMOS: Integrate and commission the completed instrument on the KPNO Mayall 4-m telescope. Status: Completed as to integration. The commissioning is nearly complete. Laboratory integration was completed in late September 2013, following successful assembly of the KOSMOS camera optics with the newly designed, liquid-coupled triplets and doublet. KOSMOS was delivered to Kitt Peak on 3 October 2013; the first commissioning run was carried out during the nights of October 7–10.

. COSMOS: Complete laboratory integration in The Ohio State University (OSU) instrument lab. Status: Underway. Integration of COSMOS was started in parallel with that of KOSMOS in August 2013. Basic functionality of COSMOS was demonstrated, and software was validated. The fabrication of parts for the CTIO-style detector Dewars was delayed by shifting the focus of the instrument shop to making parts for the liquid-coupled lens cells for the KOSMOS and COSMOS camera barrels. As FY13 ended, the camera barrels were complete (the COSMOS barrel was undergoing final testing in the NOAO optics lab), and the instrument shop expects to complete fabrication of the COSMOS Dewar parts in November 2013. End-to-end integration will be completed as soon as possible after the Dewars are finished and the e2v science-grade detector is installed in the first one.

. COSMOS: Deliver the assembled instrument to CTIO and begin integration and commissioning on the Blanco 4-m telescope. Status: Progressing. Delivery of COSMOS to CTIO is expected in January 2014, with commissioning expected to begin in semester 2014A. The beginning of commissioning is paced largely by CTIO’s progress in returning the Blanco ƒ/8 secondary mirror to service and by completion of the Dark Energy Survey observing season for the 2013B Semester.

. TripleSpec: Receive the detectors at NOAO, modify the existing lab Dewar for testing the TripleSpec detectors, integrate the first detector (of the two needed by TripleSpec) with the test Dewar and controller electronics in the lab, and complete the optimization of the first detector.

48 GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM OPERATIONS

Status: Progressing. All of the detectors were received at NOAO South in May 2013. A decision was made about that same time to fabricate a new Dewar for the lab testing rather than modify the existing one, because the new Dewar requires less total work. As FY13 ended, the NOAO South engineering team had fabricated more than half the parts for the new test Dewar and had successfully tested the bare H2RG multiplexer at room temperature. Completion of the optimization process for the first detector is expected about halfway through FY14, still in time to support full-up instrument integration as scheduled at Cornell.

. TripleSpec: Support NOAO’s Cornell partner in completing the acquisition of the optics, Dewar, and other long-lead-time components, and be ready to support Cornell’s Dewar and optics integration early in FY14. Status: Underway as planned. Most remaining optical components are expected at Cornell in the first quarter of FY14, as scheduled. NOAO and Cornell have been working closely on all procurements.

. CTIO-Hydra CCD and Controller Upgrade: Begin integration of the new CCD and controller, and design modifications to the Dewar to accommodate the new CCD. Status: Cancelled. Following release of the Portfolio Review report and the re-evaluation of NOAO priorities and budgets triggered by the report, NOAO decided that the Hydra spectrograph at CTIO will be phased out in favor of a smaller instrument suite that enables more cost-efficient operations. Also, opportunities for multi-object spectroscopy are being made available through time trades with the Australian Astronomical Observatory (AAO), gaining the US community access to the 2df spectrograph at AAO and reinforcing the lack of long-term interest in Hydra. The CCD intended for use in the Hydra upgrade will instead be held as a spare for the red-optimized Lawrence Berkeley Na- tional Laboratory (LBNL) detectors deployed on KOSMOS and COSMOS.

4.4.3 Telescope System Instrumentation Program

FY13 PROGRAM REVIEW The Telescope System Instrumentation Program (TSIP) funds development of new instruments for, or operational costs of, non-federal observatories in return for US community access to observing time on those telescopes as administered by the NOAO TAC. No funds were made available for new TSIP awards in FY13, so no proposal process was held. NOAO continued to oversee the outstanding awards from prior years, and the following ones were completed and closed out during FY13: MOSFIRE, a near- infrared, multi-object spectrograph for Keck; an Adaptive Secondary for Magellan (Steward Observato- ry); MODS2, an optical spectrograph for the Large Binocular Telescope (Ohio State); detailed design of an optical, integral field spectrograph for Keck (KCWI); and ODI, a wide-field imager for WIYN.

STATUS OF FY13 MILESTONES

. Provide regular oversight for TSIP instrumentation projects still underway. Status: Completed for all monitoring scheduled in FY13. Only two projects are still underway: Binospec, a multi-object, dual-beam spectrograph for MMT being built by the Center for Astrophys- ics at Harvard-Smithsonian; and the construction phase of KCWI, an optical, integral field spectrograph for Keck. NOAO continues to receive periodic reports followed by teleconferences with each project. Both projects are expected to continue through FY14.

49 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

4.4.4 LSST Technology

FY13 PROGRAM REVIEW The LSST Technology program at NOAO provided technical and programmatic support and deliverables to major work packages of the LSST Project. The team continued to advance the overall maturity of the observatory subsystem designs to support the planned LSST Final Design Review, scheduled by the NSF for early FY14. The LSST Project integrated construction schedule was developed with the assumption of Major Research Equipment and Facility Construction (MREFC) authorization by July 2014 (the last quarter of FY14). The team planned and conducted thirteen external technical reviews in FY13 to confirm the subsystem baseline designs, review the requirements, and enable comment on the planned procurement documentation and approach. Technical progress this year culminated in the release of four early procurement efforts. The secondary (M2) mirror optical fabrication and cell assembly contract was awarded to Exelis. The Camera Hexapod/Rotator and M2 Rotator system procurement was conducted. Four vendor bids were evaluated, and the contract was awarded to Moog CSA Engineering. The Telescope Mount Assem- bly (TMA) final design effort was completed, and the procurement bid package was released with bids due in September. Three fully compliant proposals were received and will be reviewed for award recommendation in early FY14. The 100% summit facility design package was completed and delivered from ARCADIS. This early procurement bid package will be developed and released in early FY14 to enable bid receipt and a recommendation for a General Contractor award in early 2014. The primary/tertiary mirror (M1M3) effort at the University of Arizona Mirror Lab is nearly complete with both mirror surfaces polished sufficiently to be measured by optical interferometry to provide final mirror shape convergence. The M1M3 transport/storage container fabrication was completed, and a local storage location was identified. The baseline dome wind/light screen was redesigned using a proven conventional configuration used at Gemini. The final design of the Inner Loop Controller was completed, with delivery of seven prototype boards to enable micro-controller programming and LabVIEW interface development. The Telescope Control System software was reviewed and development activity continues to mature the architecture. Finally, the OpSim version 3.0 software package was released and is undergoing testing review to support the telescope scheduler. NOAO’s LSST Technology FY13 program activities were funded under more than one cooperative support agreement (CSA) between AURA and NSF. FY13 base funds were awarded under CSA (1) AST-0950945, and additional funding was received under CSA AST-11227061. The latter award is for the completion of the design and project development phases of the construction readiness for the LSST. The NOAO LSST effort funded by the two CSAs is accounted for separately but managed as a single project to be consistent and efficient.

STATUS OF FY13 MILESTONES

. Facility and Site:  Support the completion of the summit support design effort, which is contracted with ARCADIS in Santiago; and  conduct a closeout review of the 100% completion summit facility design package. Status: The 100% summit facility design package was received from ARCADIS in late July 2013. This important milestone delivery was the culmination of two years of cooperative design work among the LSST Telescope team, the Camera team, and the ARCADIS team (architectural, structural, electrical, environmental, plumbing, utilities). Over 200 comments identified by the LSST team at the 90% review in July 2012 were reviewed by ARCADIS and addressed prior to the 100% release. Figure 10 is a drawing of the facility design. Numerous technical meetings were held in Santiago and at the summit location to finalize the remaining issues.

50 GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM OPERATIONS

The summit facility procurement bid package will be developed and released in early FY14 to enable bid receipt and a recommendation for a General Contractor award in early 2014. Biologists from the University of La Serena continued their environmental impact miti- gation efforts of affected endan- gered plant species at the summit location. These efforts will continue throughout the planned construction project.

. Dome Development: Figure 10: LSST summit facility final design layout.  Complete the dome requirements document in preparation for external procurement, and  complete the dome wind/light screen prototype test design.

Status: The LSST Telescope requirements were updated in FY13, with a new, minimum telescope elevation requirement of 20 degrees (replacing the 15-degree requirement). This updated specification enabled the redesign of the dome enclosure wind/light screen to utilize the system approach currently in use by Gemini as shown in Figure 11. The updated dome requirements document and supplemental procurement documents (statement of work, verification matrix, bid instructions, etc.) will be prepared to support an early procurement effort in mid-FY14.

Figure 11: The baseline dome design includes an Figure 12: Final design and fabrication interleaved three-panel wind/light screen based of the hexapod and rotator systems on the current Gemini design. was awarded to Moog CSA.

. Telescope Mount:  Complete the preliminary design package for the telescope mount, including a requirements document and interface details;  complete the procurement package for the design and build contract; and  award the telescope design and fabrication contract.

51 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

Status: In late April, the internal seven-person LSST proposal evaluation committee reviewed the four vendor bids. The committee recommended to the LSST Project Office that the contract for the Camera Hexapod/Rotator and the Secondary Mirror (M2) Hexapod systems should be awarded to Moog CSA Engineering. Initial design efforts will focus on hexapod flexure end-joint design and the final rotator bearing configurations. The baseline designs are shown in Figure 12 . The Final Design Review of the Telescope Mount Assembly (TMA) was successfully completed on May 9–10, in Tucson. This two-day technical meeting was reviewed by a three-member external committee to examine the baseline design, requirements, and the procurement package. The meeting also served as a vendor pre-bid conference with substantial participation of 18 members from 10 companies interested in the TMA effort. The baseline design of the TMA (including the reinforced pier design) is shown in Figure 13. The TMA procurement package documentation was authored to include a statement of work, specifications, and baseline design document. These documents were subsequently modified and updated to include the various comments supplied by the external review committee and vendor comments. The Request for Pro- posal (RFP) bid package was released in early July 2013 with vendor bids due in early September to award a fixed-price design/build contract. Subsequently, three fully compliant bids Figure 13: The baseline Telescope were received and will be evaluated for award recommendation Mount Assembly baseline design in early FY14. includes integration with a reinforced pier 16 m in diameter. . Reflective Optics:  Collaborate with the LSST primary mirror vendor to evaluate the ongoing optical fabrication performance,  develop the initial prototype of the inner loop controller, and  award the secondary mirror optical fabrication contract, and work with the vendor on Phase A design and risk reduction activities.

Status: The M1M3 effort at the University of Arizona Steward Optical Mirror Laboratory (SOML) is scheduled for completion in early 2014. Both mirror surfaces have been polished to enable optical interferometric measurements to guide the final surface pol- ishing effort. The polished surfaces are evi- dent in Figure 14. The LSST team re-engaged the SOML engineer team to validate the surface quality analysis to enable an efficient, final acceptance testing effort. The M1M3 transport container (shown in Error! Reference Figure 14: The M1M3 polished surfaces are scheduled for completion in early 2014. source not found.) was fabricated and a local storage location was identified to house

52 GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM OPERATIONS

the mirror while construction funding is authorized to complete the M1M3 mirror cell and support hardware. The final design of the Inner Loop Controller (ILC) was completed, including final component selection and schematic layout. The contract for fabrication of the initial seven prototype boards was awarded, and the seven boards were received in late July. LabVIEW control programming of the ILC boards was performed in-house, Figure 15: Completed M1M3 transport container. with micro-controller chip programming provided via local subcontract support. Initial testing has been successful with all seven demonstration boards, with no documented failures or issues. The M2 assembly contract was awarded to Exelis in May. This fixed-price design build contract work includes optical fabrication of the mirror substrate and final design, fabrication, and integrated optical testing of the mirror and mirror cell assembly. The mirror substrate and exploded view of the cell assembly is shown in Figure 16.

. Wavefront Alignment and Calibration:  Remove the Calypso telescope from its site, evaluate the hardware condition, and formulate a detailed refurbishment plan;  Support the LSST calibration design review with input on instrument and atmospheric calibration equipment performance; and

 Deploy the prototype active optics system curvature algorithm pipeline for hardware Figure 16: Victor Krabbendam (LSST Project Office, testing. left) and Bill Gressler (NOAO, right) with the secondary mirror substrate, which will be polished and inte- Status: Space was identified within the NOAO grated with the mirror cell assembly by Exelis. Tucson facility to house the Calypso telescope; however, relocation was delayed until FY14 due to other project commitments. During FY14, the team will remove the hardware from Kitt Peak, inventory the current condition, and formulate a detailed refurbishment plan. The team participated in the LSST Photometric Calibration design review in early July. The meeting was externally reviewed and included a summary of requirements, a description of the calibration procedure, and discussion of the instrument calibration dome screen and the atmospheric calibration telescope. The current dome screen design has evolved to a more traditional reflective screen, illuminated by a tunable light source to provide incremental wavelength illumination. The atmospheric calibration telescope includes a spectrograph instrument and is supplemented by Global Po- sitioning Satellite (GPS) and precipitable water-vapor measurements. The team participated in the LSST Active Optics design review in mid-August. The meeting was externally reviewed and included a summary of requirements, a description of the active optics hardware elements, initial alignment conditions, and a thorough review of the active optics system,

53 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

highlighting the curvature wavefront sensing algorithms. Simulation results of closed loop wavefront sensing and correction were demonstrated, including initial effects from atmospheric conditions typical of the LSST summit site location.

. Software and Controls:  Complete the design review of the telescope control system, including external review; and  develop the scheduler preliminary design.

Status: The team completed the LSST Telescope Control Software Review on February 7–8, in Tuc- son, with external reviewers from Advanced Technology Solar Telescope (ATST), Discover Channel Telescope (DCT), and Gemini Observatories. The review was a summary of the TCS and Observa- tion Control System (OCS) software architecture and a review of planned development activities. The review panel report was received and included a number of useful recommendations to improve the supporting documentation. Substantial progress was made on the OpSim software development effort with the preliminary design of the telescope survey scheduler through the release of the OpSim version 3.0 code, which includes a look-ahead algorithm. The OpSim software will be debugged, and performance metrics will be analyzed to support the operational cadence. Additional LabVIEW programming efforts will be provided to support the LSST middleware software architecture in late 2013 to improve the virtual interfaces to various subsystem components.

. Data Management: Develop the data management infrastructure plans, especially as they impact the summit and base facilities in Chile. Status: The data management infrastructure plans were updated to include a new basis of estimates for the construction effort at the summit and base facilities in Chile. Vendors capable of providing necessary services were contacted and provided estimates for the necessary hardware components to support the data management requirements.

. Utility Systems: Update the design for the electrical distribution, grounding, and utility services for the summit facility to be consistent with the 100% summit facility drawing package and any vendor- specific information from the secondary mirror and mount contracts. Status: The LSST team provided input to the ARCADIS summit facility design to insure the electrical distribution and utility services for the summit facility were consistent with the needs of the major subsystem vendor designs, including the secondary mirror, the mount, and the camera team. These updates were incorporated into the final 100% summit facility design package.

. Systems Engineering:  Coordinate and complete the development of level 2 telescope and site interface documents;  complete the requirements modeling for the telescope and site, as well as the observation control systems; and  update the hazard analysis and risk register of the telescope and site system.

Status: Systems engineering worked to update the interface documents among the telescope and site, data management, and camera teams. Requirements for all subsystems were reviewed and updated as needed to include any project change requests (e.g., the telescope 20-degree minimum elevation angle). Hazard analysis was performed on the major subsystems prior to the commencement of the

54 GROUND-BASED O/IR OBSERVING SYSTEM OPERATIONS

early procurement efforts. The risk register was reviewed and updated to support the documentation efforts.

. Project Management:  Support the project with participation as an LSST Board member and an AURA Management Council for LSST (AMCL) member,  complete the 2012 inputs for the updated Project Management Control System, and  support and participate in project-wide reviews.

Status: The FY13 Project Management Control System (PMCS) was updated to include the recent early procurement efforts for the M2 system, the Camera Hexapod/Rotator, and M2 Hexapod systems. More recent cost estimates were accumulated to support the construction plan and the upcoming NSF Final Design Review scheduled for early FY14. The team supported and participated in numerous project-wide reviews and workshops to support the continued development and advancement of the baseline subsystem designs.

. Operations Simulator:  Support the Operations Simulator (OpSim) group lead and the OpSim group’s principle interface to the LSST Project,  develop scientific metrics for the analysis of the OpSim output, and  complete the final design version of the OpSim tool set to support the LSST final design review and the preparation for construction.

Status: The OpSim version 3.0 code release was completed in late May and provided to the LSST software development team for bug checking and further code development. The new code release includes the addition of a look-ahead algorithm to be used in the eventual operational telescope survey scheduler.

. Education and Public Outreach: Support LSST graphic design tasks and website development to support design reviews and planned procurements. Status: The LSST team adopted the use of custom website pages and links to provide information transfer to support the numerous technical design reviews and procurement efforts. The websites have been extremely useful and efficient in offering equal, non-discriminatory access to multiple end users and they have provided a superior forum for sharing data files, computer models, and documentation.

55 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

5 NOAO-WIDE PROGRAMS

5.1 OFFICE OF SCIENCE

FY13 PROGRAM REVIEW The Office of Science (OS) works to enhance the scientific environment at NOAO and NOAO’s ties to the local academic astronomy community. The OS also works to engage the US community of astronomers in various aspects of the NOAO mission. To accomplish these goals, OS supports and encourages research by the NOAO scientific staff by providing resources (e.g., equipment, funding, and mentoring) and supporting programs (e.g., the NOAO North and South colloquium series, science workshops, coffees and teas, and the Goldberg Fellowship program) that foster a scientifically productive environment. OS schedules and manages promotion, tenure, and post-tenure reviews of the NOAO scientific staff and is responsible for policies and training related to the responsible conduct of research. The OS head of program represents the NOAO scientific staff to the NOAO director. OS also sponsors and supports community workshops aimed at engaging the community in the NOAO mission. In addition to work toward the specific milestones described below, major activities and events for OS this year included the following. The OS supported a new postdoctoral research associate, bringing the total postdocs to twelve. OS worked to make the new postdocs feel welcome, to assist them with procurement and other administrative issues, and to provide mentoring resources as needed. The OS hosted a successful symposium in memory of the late NOAO staff member, Dr. David De Young. The workshop, “Binary Black Holes & Dual AGN,” was held in Tucson, on 29–30 November 2012 and was well attended by an international cadre of research scientists. This topic closely aligned with De Young’s research career, and several speakers memorialized his contributions to the field and astrophysics in general.

STATUS OF FY13 MILESTONES

. Develop an implementation plan for the Responsible Conduct in Research policy. Status: No progress as yet. This milestone was tabled until FY14.

. Continue to develop materials for and implement a retraining program on Responsible Conduct in Research for NOAO scientific staff. Status: The OS held a successful Tuesday science coffee in Tucson on the topic of “Responsible Conduct in Research: Working in Collaboration.” The question of what is a fair publication policy for a research collaboration was discussed, as well as what should happen when the collaborators do not follow the publication policy. Also discussed was the extent of individual responsibility in publications reporting collaborative research. Is an author ethically responsible for everything in a publication or just the part on which that author worked? If the first author is not a native English speaker, how much effort should another author or authors contribute to correcting the grammar and wording of the paper? These materials were shared with NOAO South colleagues.

. Provide mentoring and career development resources to staff as needed, particularly to postdoctoral researchers. Status: The OS head of program and others met with the senior manager of AURA Human Re- sources to help develop a pilot mentoring program at NOAO for members of the scientific and technical staff. The NOAO program is modeled on a successful one at Gemini Observatory. OS helped to recruit scientific staff members interested in participating in the design of the mentoring workshop

56 NOAO-WIDE PROGRAMS

that introduced the program. OS staff also participated in the brainstorming sessions that were part of the development process. The experience gained by NOAO staff at the Gemini mentoring workshop held in Hilo was useful in fine tuning the format of the NOAO workshop. The NOAO workshop, held in July 2013, augmented existing mentoring activities at NOAO. In Q2 of FY13, the OS program sponsored a seminar on “Marketing for Scientists,” by astronomer Marc Kuchner (Goddard Space Flight Center), which was widely attended by graduate students, postdocs, and some scientific staff.

. Develop hiring guidelines for NOAO scientific staff. Status: A draft set of hiring guidelines was created following discussion with the NOAO diversity advocate and other scientific staff members. The guidelines were approved by the NOAO director and posted at http://www.noao.edu/os/files/SciStaffHiringGuidelines.pdf. The guidelines were provided to the committees in charge of ongoing staff searches.

. Develop materials that promote the awareness of NOAO’s “Greatest Scientific Hits,” both lifetime, and in recent years. Status: No progress as yet.

5.2 EDUCATION AND PUBLIC OUTREACH

FY13 PROGRAM REVIEW The FY13 Education and Public Outreach (EPO) program is designed to support the four federal K-16 science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) goals described in the five-year Strategic Plan (Committee on STEM Education, National Science and Technology Council, May 2013):

 Improve STEM instruction through teacher preparation and support

 Increase and sustain youth and public engagement in STEM

 Enhance STEM experience of undergraduate students

 Better serve groups historically underrepresented in STEM fields The EPO group’s innovative, effective, and well-evaluated programs address the needs of the next generation of STEM professionals (including professional astronomers) as well as undergraduate STEM students, science outreach practitioners, teachers and museum educators, K-12 students, and the general public. The program supports and provides leadership to the national astronomy education “system” by identifying key needs and by forming strategic partnerships that utilize NOAO’s unique expertise as well as its recognized experience in reaching underserved and/or underrepresented groups. The program builds on NOAO’s research strengths in observational astronomy, technology, and astronomical data, including surveys and large data sets. NOAO’s EPO staff members are nationally recognized for their expertise in key astronomy education areas. These areas include instructional materials development, teacher professional development, optics and technology education, data-enabled science education, and science education in informal environments. NOAO contributes to critical national efforts to improve science literacy. The NOAO EPO programs use astronomy and related disciplines such as optics in order to encourage children to pursue science, math, computing, engineering, and other technological careers. The EPO program serves as a national model for best practices by federally funded research and development centers in the following areas specifically required under America Competes: development of a globally competitive STEM workforce, increased participation of women and underrepresented groups in STEM, improved pre-K-12 STEM education and teacher development, improved undergraduate STEM education, and increased public scientific literacy. EPO staff members have played national and international leadership roles in many NSF-funded education and outreach projects, and the dissemina-

57 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

tion of the intellectual products from those programs continues to shape and form core parts of the NOAO EPO program. EPO provides programs for the Tohono O’odham Nation on whose property Kitt Peak National Ob- servatory is located. Regional programs of the NOAO EPO North group focus on the large Hispanic and Native American populations in Arizona. The Centro de Apoyo a la Didáctica de la Astronomía (CADIAS) astronomy teaching center in Chile plays a strong role in outreach and dark skies education for the IV Región de Coquimbo in Chile. NOAO South has created a program to train guides in the municipal and tourist observatories located in Chilean towns around US facilities. Programs of the NOAO EPO South group focus on young women and other underrepresented groups in science in northern Chile. Both NOAO North and South EPO programs are strong in serving rural populations. The EPO department has a nationally recognized undergraduate mentoring program using six to eight undergraduate students year-round to conduct educational outreach in southern Arizona. Graduates of this program have gone on to doctoral degrees in astronomy and related science fields. EPO continues to build on the long-time success of the Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program in both hemispheres by adding underrepresented minority students and university faculty from the NSF Partnerships in Astronomy & Astrophysics Research and Education (PAARE) program to the mix of mentorship activities. NOAO is currently a participating institution in PAARE grants to South Carolina State University and Fisk University. EPO has a strong role in the public information area and is in charge of Web, print, and exhibit materials to better educate the astronomical community on NOAO’s mission as the institution that guides the evolution of the ground-based O/IR system of telescopes in the US. The following are highlights of the various EPO programs and activities that took place during FY13.

Education Outreach The EPO students and staff supported about two or three local events every week. Most events focused on the weekly Sells afterschool program, dark skies sessions for classes visiting the Cooper Center for Environmental Learning, and school star parties (some with light pollution themes). About a third of the local events were dark skies education events. The cadre of EPO undergraduate students continued to support the building of education kits for Teaching with Telescopes, the Arizona Dark Skies and Energy Education program, and the Dark Skies Africa program sponsored by IAU. The EPO students supported several educational events that occur annually. These included the Galileoscope builds with hundreds of students in the MathMovesU event in February, an optics festival at St. Michael’s school in March, and a Galileoscope star party in Yuma in May. For the Tohono O’odham Nation, EPO staff and students supported the Sells Rodeo and Fair in February, as well as the Truck of Love Camp in Pisinemo in June. NOAO EPO also supported astronomy activities at the University of Arizona’s Festival of Books in March, one of the largest such events in the country. They also hosted hands-on astronomy-themed activities for the three Science Family Nights at the Arizona-Sonora Desert Museum (ASDM) this summer, as well as dark skies education activities for 20 middle school girls at ASDM’s Earth Camp at Biosphere 2. Dark skies education was provided twice this year by NOAO for the Amateur Astronomy Association’s Fundamental’s Class and the Girl Scout Journey’s program.

Public Information Office In FY13, NOAO had 14 press releases, covering science discoveries at both CTIO and KPNO. They ranged from the close passage of an asteroid to the search for dark energy. Distributed through the office of the AAS, these releases all generated attention on the Web, generally from sites concerned with science. All releases are available on the NOAO website under the “News & Reports” tab. 1. NOAO: Dark Energy Camera Dedication begins Celebration of 50th Anniversary of Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (November 1) www.noao.edu/news/2012/pr1205.php

58 NOAO-WIDE PROGRAMS

2. NOAO: Galaxy Clusters May Offer Critical Clues to Dark Energy (November 19) www.noao.edu/news/2012/pr1206.php 3. WIYN/NOAO: The Bubble Nebula, Observed with the Public Outreach New One Degree Imager Camera (December 4) Information Requests & Inquiries www.noao.edu/news/2012/pr1207.php (October 2012 through September 2013) 4. WIYN/NOAO: A Panoramic Loop in Cygnus (De- Type/Origin of Request Number cember 18) www.noao.edu/news/2012/pr1209.php Information requests/inquiries about astronomy/science (phone calls, e- 1,845 5. NOAO: A Valentine Rose (February 12) mails, and walk-ins/requests for post- www.noao.edu/news/2013/pr1301.php ers, bookmarks, brochures, etc. 6. NOAO: Asteroid 2012 DA14 Speeds Away from Requests and inquiries for use of 543 Earth (February 18) NOAO images www.noao.edu/news/2013/pr1302.php TOTAL 2,388 7. NOAO: Star Birth in Cepheus (April 1) www.noao.edu/news/2013/pr1303.php 8. NOAO: A Better View with Adaptive Optics into the Heart of a Globular Cluster (April 30) www.noao.edu/news/2013/pr1304.php 9. NOAO: A Kepler’s Dozen: Thirteen Stories about Distant Worlds that Really Exist (May 13) www.noao.edu/news/2013/pr1305.php 10. NOAO/WIYN: New Camera at WIYN Images an Asteroid with a Long Tail (June 3) www.wiyn.org/About/asteroidP2010A2.html 11. NOAO: Kepler Stars and Planets are Bigger than Previously Thought (June 4) www.noao.edu/news/2013/pr1306.php 12. NOAO: NGC 6334 - A Mini Starburst Region? (June 5) www.noao.edu/news/2013/pr1308.php 13. WIYN/NOAO: M51, the Whirlpool Galaxy, Seen with New ODI Camera on WIYN Telescope (July 25) http://www.noao.edu/news/2013/pr1309.php 14. NOAO/Fermilab: Dark Energy Survey Begins Five-Year Mission to Map Southern Sky in Tremen- dous Detail (September 3) http://www.noao.edu/news/2013/pr1310.php

Project ASTRO In April 2013, the EPO program hosted 60 teachers, astronomers, and guests from southern Arizona at the spring ASTRO workshop. Two exceptional partnerships were awarded telescopes for their schools by NOAO. EPO staff and student interns supported 15 local star parties, and ASTRO astronomers visited classrooms nearly 100 times during the course of the academic year. Fifteen new astronomer/teacher partnerships were created for the coming academic year. The new partnerships include teachers from more rural communities such as Vail, Hayden/Winkleman, and Kingman.

Research Experiences for Undergraduates NOAO’s NSF-funded Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) site programs at KPNO and CTIO offer undergraduate students the opportunity to engage in challenging research activities with scientists working at the forefront of astronomy and astrophysics. Students are hired as full-time research

59 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

assistants to work with NOAO staff members on selected research projects for a period of ten to twelve weeks during the summer in the respective hemispheres. As part of their research activities, REU students gain firsthand experience with state-of-the art telescopes and instrumentation and develop expertise in the data analysis tools specific to astronomical research. Six students (four women and two men) participated in the CTIO REU program at NOAO South and six students (five women and one man) participated in the KPNO REU program at NOAO North. The table below lists the participating REU students, their mentors, and their summer projects. The REU students were involved in other activities in addition to working on their projects. KPNO REU students took a field trip to the National Solar Observatory, the Very Large Array (VLA), and the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Telescope. The students observed at the KPNO 2.1-m telescope with the CFIM direct-imaging CCD on July 8–14 and the FLAMINGOS near-infrared camera/spectrometer on July 22– 28. Both the 2013 KPNO REU and CTIO REU students will be attending and presenting posters at the January 2014 AAS meeting in Washington, D.C. The KPNO REU program was renewed for FY13– FY16 (AST-1262829; PI: Mighell). The Final Project Report for the previous five-year KPNO REU program (AST-0754223) was submitted to the NSF in September 2013.

CTIO REU Students Mentor Project Institution Brian Chin Dr. Chris Smith “Understanding the Balmer Bubble in Vela Supernova University of Florida Dr. Sean Points Remnant” Dr. Steve Heathcote Alexander Deich Dr. Alexandre Roman (ULS) “Photometric Analysis of Clusters in the Vista Varia- Humboldt State University Dr. Andrea Kunder bles in the Via Lactea (VVV) Survey” Emily Finney Dr. Mischa Schirmer (Gemini) “Analysis of Redshifts for a Sample of Galaxy Clus- Scripps College ters” Brianna Indahl Dr. Peter Pessev (Gemini) “A Search for Carbon-Rich AGB stars in the Milky University of Wisconsin-Madison Way Globular Clusters” Lois Smith Dr. Tiago Ribeiro (SOAR) “Near-Infrared Photometry of Low Accretion Rate University of Colorado at Boulder Polars” Molly Williams Dr. Catherine Kaleida “The Size Scales of Stellar Groupings in NGC 628 Eastern Kentucky University and NGC 2841”

KPNO REU Students Mentor Project Institution Aida Behmard Dr. Dara Norman “RESOLVEd AGN: Refining Nearby Active Galactic Yale University Nuclei Classification Techniques” Kirsten Blancato Dr. Jeyhan Kartaltepe “Using Morphology to Identify Galaxy Mergers at Wellesley College High Redshift” Jeanine Chmielewski Dr. Stephen Pompea “A Light Pollution Assessment of Tucson, AZ” Michigan Technology University Nicholas Kutsop Dr. Ken Mighell “Analysis of the Photometric Accuracy of the IDL Northern Arizona University Dr. Lori Allen Procedure: PhAst” Rachel Nydegger Dr. Connie Walker “Understanding Light Pollution In and Around Tuc- Utah State University son, Arizona” Rachel Smullen Dr. Janine Pforr “ESO 243-49’s Small Friends: Finding Satellite Gal- University of Wyoming axies of ESO 243-49”

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Dark Skies Education Program NOAO conducted five GLOBE at Night worldwide campaigns for citizen scientists; 16,342 measurements from 89 countries were collected. The Adopt-a-Street project for GLOBE at Night was expanded to several other cities. Two new programs during 2013 addressed dark skies and energy education. One was funded by the Arizona Public Service Company Foundation to train all 6th-grade teachers in District One of Yuma, Arizona, and provide them with kits, iPads, scaffolded activities, and an end-of-semester Family Science Night, where students presented projects on measuring and analyzing wasteful versus energy-efficient outdoor lighting. The second program was funded by the IAU Office of Astronomy for Development. Teaching kits were sent to 12 education coordinators in African countries, who were trained on the dark skies educational activities via six Google+ hangout sessions. Online presentations of final student projects are being planned. Dark skies sessions were provided to students in the 4th to 8th grades (50 per session) at the Tucson Cooper Center for Environmental Learning, and teachers were trained at the Project ASTRO workshop. NOAO EPO was involved with the International Dark Sky Association and Loch Ness Productions in the creation of a new, free, six-minute planetarium show on light pollution called “Losing the Dark,” which officially debuted in March 2013. The video is also downloadable in flat-screen mode for classroom use. It has been translated into 11 languages (with six more in progress), has had 819 full-dome downloads, 1343 flat-screen downloads, and 33,000 YouTube hits. In April, NOAO EPO again chaired the Global Astronomy Month. GLOBE at Night was a centerpiece activity as well as the international Earth and Sky photo contest. The contest’s winning photos were covered by MSNBC, the National Geo- graphic, Sky and Telescope, the Astronomy Picture of the Day website, and the Huffington Post, for ex- ample. EPO staff members were highly productive professionally with two dark skies education papers presented at the IAU General Assembly’s special session on light pollution, an SPIE paper on illumination engineering, and three papers at the Astronomical Society of the Pacific meeting. During December, staff convened (and presented at) four American Geophysical Union meeting sessions (two oral and two poster). One pair of sessions (Teacher Professional Development Programs Promoting Authentic Science Research in the Classroom) was convened for the tenth consecutive year by NOAO. The other set of oral and poster sessions was on citizen-science, convening for the fifth year in a row. At the AAS meeting in January, a special session on light pollution was organized by NOAO staff with several talks by NOAO staff.

Teaching with Telescopes The FY13 year ended with initial Galileoscope programs conducted in the rural Arizona communities of Safford and Payson plus a “year two” program in Flagstaff and a “third-year” program coordinated in Yuma. These programs culminated in community-wide Galileoscope observing events that attracted a total of nearly 500 students, family members, and other members of the local community. Additional professional development programs for teachers were conducted in many of the classrooms from each of the participating communities.

Tohono O’odham Outreach Programs on the Tohono O’odham Nation continued to grow in number. There were a total of 32 events on the Nation including visits to the Sells after-school program, tours of Kitt Peak, the Tohono O’odham Truck of Love Summer Camp, Indian Day at Sells Elementary, and science fair judging. The Tohono O’odham Community College, located in the Schuk Toak district, which includes Kitt Peak, approached the EPO staff about teaching an astronomy class. This has not happened since 2006, when NOAO staff taught the class. As a result, an NOAO postdoc is team teaching Astronomy 101 with an EPO staff member. The class has 12 students, one of the largest classes at the college. It meets twice a week and carries four credits as a lab class.

61 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

Colors of Nature Collaborative Research Project STEAM: Integrating Art with Science to Build Science Identities among Girls (aka “Colors of Nature”) completed its first year. The program is an NSF-sponsored informal education program developed and delivered by NOAO with the University of Alaska-Fairbanks and the Uni- versity of Washington-Bothell. The program served 29 middle school girls who attended the Colors of Nature Summer Academy in Fairbanks, Alaska, June 3–14 and 35 girls (including seven from the Tohono O’odham Nation) who attended the Colors of Nature Summer Academy in Tucson, July 8–19. Plans are underway for follow-up events including a Kitt Peak trip for the alumni and a series of Science Cafés in Tucson. The summer academies will be repeated in 2014 in Tucson and Fairbanks.

Social Media NOAO is expanding its presence on social media. NOAO has a Facebook page with over 1100 followers, a Google+ page with over 1800 followers, and over 300 Twitter followers. NOAO produces one podcast a month for the 365 Days of Astronomy podcast in which an NOAO or NSO astronomer talks about his or her research. One of the most popular podcasts every year is the August edition which features interviews with the summer REU students. The podcasts are archived at 365daysofastronomy.org. Summary of EPO North Programs The NOAO North EPO program conducted 164 activities in Arizona this fiscal year, including 32 Tohono O’odham educational events; 25 dark skies-related education sessions; 13 festivals, fairs, or astronomy family nights; 15 star parties; 10 general astronomy educator workshops and 9 dark skies educator workshops; and 2 two-week summer academies. The department worked with 10 film crews on Kitt Peak during this fiscal year.

NOAO South Education & Outreach The NOAO South EPO team continued to work with its community collaborators on different joint projects CTIO Visitor Center & Tours aimed toward bringing science to the Region’s stu- Summary of Participants dents and general public. In October 2012, the team (October 2012 through September 2013) celebrated “The National Week of Science” with part- Group/Program # of Participants ners of Explora-CONICYT. Together they organized and participated in a series of events including the vis- CADIAS Center 2,127 its of outstanding students to CTIO labs and telescopes CADIAS Outreach 21,994 and participation in public fairs in La Serena, Coquim- Tololo Guided Tours 3,115 bo. Also in October, the team collaborated on workshops and talks with the XV International Amateur School Groups K-12 2,156 Astronomy Congress (CIAA2012) that took place in Special Tours 700 Iquique, in the far north of Chile, and was attended by more than 155 enthusiastic amateur astronomers. TOTAL 30,092 CTIO celebrated its 50th anniversary during this fiscal year. EPO South closely collaborated with the CTIO Director’s Office to put together and execute activities for the community such as the CTIO 50 Years Exhibition. Additional telescope tours on Sundays were also offered to more than 3000 visitors for the period. The CTIO 50 Years Exhibition was presented in the Jumbo Supermarket of La Serena Mall, in the Cultural Center “Palace” of Coquimbo, at the Educational Center INACAP in May 2013, and at the Chilean National Planetarium in Santiago, Chile, during September 2013. The EPO South team continued its collaboration with CEAZA (Center for Advanced Studies in Arid Zones) in the joint project “Science, Education and Sustainability for the Touristic Development of the Region of Coquimbo.” The project, which will be implemented over a two-year period, will develop scientific-related competencies (including astronomy) in the towns of Punta Choros and Caleta Hornos for

62 NOAO-WIDE PROGRAMS

the development of sustainable tourism in the Region of Coquimbo. At the beginning of this quarter, the team also participated in another joint project with CEAZA, called “Science Boulevard,” that was held on April 18 and had the additional collaboration of eight educational/scientific partner institutions. The event was held in the Pedro de Valdivia public park in La Serena and was attended by over 1600 students attending 37 schools in La Serena. It was organized with more than 30 booths of the partner institutions with each booth offering only hands-on activities for the students. Both CEAZA-CTIO joint projects are financed by grants from CONICYT through CEAZA. On April 22, the live performance of the Seuil Lab (www.seuil-lab.com) project “Enlace de Sueños (Connection of Dreams)” occurred on Cerro Tololo with simultaneous webcasts in three different countries; the webcasts were supported by REUNA. This project aimed to connect art, astronomy, and technology through an art performance (utv.u-strasbg.fr/index.php?id_video=299). During Q3, the EPO South team started an astronomy training cycle for preschool teachers and students in preschool teacher programs, related with the University Santo Tomás of La Serena. The training includes workshops on basic astronomy, spectroscopy, and light pollution control. This cycle was carried out throughout the whole quarter and will continue with additional activities until the end of the first semester. It will involve 75 preschool teachers and 15 students, with more than 48 hours of training being offered. In Q4 of FY13, the collaborations continued, this time with the Environmental Ministry, participating together with CEAZA, Explora, and others in the initiative “Sustainable Neighborhoods” in the popu- lous neighborhood San Juan of Coquimbo. EPO’s participation in this project aims to introduce the concepts of light pollution and energy efficiency to the inhabitants of densely populated districts. In summary, a total of 134 different educational events were performed by the EPO South staff during FY13.

STATUS OF FY13 MILESTONES . Lead national efforts related to the Teaching with Telescopes professional development and support program designed to amplify the educational value of the NSF Hands-On Optics program and the Galileoscope telescope kit. Status: Multiple workshops were given to teachers on teaching with the Galileoscope. NOAO supported programs throughout Arizona and in multiple sites nationally using the Galileoscope and the NOAO-developed Teaching with Telescopes kit. Two Galileoscope workshops were given at the SPIE Education and Training in Optics and Photonics meeting, held every other year for an international audience.

. Conduct professional development workshops and programs for formal and informal science educators in coordination with organizations such as the National Science Teachers Association (NSTA), the American Astronomical Society (AAS), Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP), and the As- sociation of Science-Technology Centers (ASTC). Status: Workshops were given at the NSTA meetings in Louisville and Phoenix, at Three Rivers Community College in Norwich, Connecticut, and at the ASP annual meeting. Other workshops were held in Yuma, Arizona, as part of the Dark Skies and Energy Education program sponsored by the Arizona Public Service Company Foundation.

. Support a wide-ranging, dark skies awareness program for Chile and southern Arizona, with strong support for the national/international program Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Envi- ronment (GLOBE) at Night started and run by NOAO.

63 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

Status: The GLOBE at Night campaign ran successfully worldwide. NOAO’s partnership with Cooper Center for Environmental Learning in Tucson continued to be productive with many classes receiving training on dark skies.

. Continue to seek every opportunity to work with the Tohono O’odham Nation’s schools, community centers, and Department of Education to bring science, and especially astronomy, to their students. Status: Numerous programs were carried out in spring 2013, especially related to helping with science fairs at the schools. Discussion is under way with the school district about EPO’s role in 2014. An astronomy class was being taught by NOAO staff at the Tohono O’odham Community College, for the first time since 2006.

. Support the strategic plan for NOAO South outreach and the Centro de Apoyo a la Didáctica de la Astronomía (CADIAS) astronomy teaching center in Chile. This includes dark skies education and teaching with Galileoscopes. Status: Two NOAO staff members from the North visited CADIAS and conducted an inventory of programs and the resources necessary to sustain these programs. The support of CADIAS is an important priority for NOAO, and a new strategic plan is being developed.

. Support the training of guides and provide support for astronomy programs for the public at the major municipal/tourist observatories in northern Chile. Status: EPO staff continued to support the training of guides in Chile and to provide support for astronomy programs at the major touristic/municipal observatories near Cerro Tololo. In particular, staff are working closely on a binocular-based observing program with the Observatorio Cruz del Sur in Combarbalá, Región de Coquimbo.

5.3 NOAO DIRECTOR’S OFFICE

FY13 PROGRAM REVIEW The NOAO Director’s Office (NDO) delivered the following major planning documents and/or reports during this period, as required by the AURA/NSF cooperative agreement for the management of NOAO: Annual Program Plan for FY 2013 (APP-13) and Fiscal Year Annual Report for FY 2012 (FYAR-12). Both reports are available from the public NOAO web site. The NDO did not produce an updated Long Range Plan in FY13, as NSF deemed that unnecessary pending the outcome of ongoing discussions of the NOAO transformation and recompetition that would shape the long range plan. Budget and program planning for FY14 began in May 2013. The Annual Program Plan for FY 2014 (APP-14) was developed, but was not yet delivered to NSF by the end of this reporting period. The NOAO deputy director led the effort for FY14 planning. The NOAO director presented at and/or participated in the following face-to-face meetings during FY13: LSST Board of Directors (October, April), AURA Board of Directors (February, March, Septem- ber), AURA Annual Member Representatives (April), AURA Observatory Council (March, September), AURA Management Council for LSST (April), NSF Program Review Panel (October, April), NOAO Users Committee (June), AURA Visiting Committee (Tucson in December and La Serena in January), TMT Board (March, July), Gemini Board (May). The deputy director presented at and/or participated in the AURA Observatory Council, NOAO Us- ers Committee, AURA Annual Member Representatives, AURA Visiting Committee (Tucson), and NSF Program Review Panel meetings. The deputy director also participated in the April EPO Advisory Coun- cil meeting and various SOAR Science Advisory Committee meetings (as Chair). The deputy director

64 NOAO-WIDE PROGRAMS

delivered a future directions survey/document to the SOAR Board based on input from the SOAR community. In September, the deputy director participated in the NSF-sponsored visit of potential proposing organizations for the cooperative agreement to manage NOAO in FY16–25. Both the director and deputy director participated in the NOAO-sponsored “Spectroscopy in the Era of LSST” workshop held in Tucson, in April. The deputy director became the NOAO institutional representative on the DESI Executive Commit- tee and the DESI Institutional Board. The executive committee began regular weekly teleconferences mid year. The deputy director attended the DESI collaboration meeting in Berkeley in July. The deputy director became a community representative on the GMT Science Advisory Committee (SAC) and participated in regular monthly teleconferences beginning in January. The deputy director attended the face-to-face SAC meeting in Pasadena, in March. The deputy director participated in the DES pre-operations review in April, at Fermilab, on behalf of the director. Weekly videoconference or teleconference meetings continued between the director and all NOAO associate directors (one-on-one) as well as the director and the NSF program officer for NOAO. The director met bi-weekly with the NOAO Executive Council as well as the heads of the Office of Science and the AURA Central Administrative Services and Human Resources programs. The deputy director often participated in these meetings or led them when the director was not available. The director visited the NOAO South offices in La Serena three times. The first trip was in Novem- ber, and the second trip was in March. The third trip was organized around interviews for the Associate Director position for NOAO South in June. In each instance, the director stayed in La Serena for at least one week to allow time for both formal and informal encounters. The deputy director made two trips to NOAO South: for the 50th anniversary of CTIO in May and DECam observing in August. In both cases, the deputy spent time working with NOAO South staff on programmatic issues. On the side of community outreach, NOAO Town Halls were held at the January 2013 AAS meeting in Long Beach and the June meeting in Indianapolis. Presentations from the director were followed by vigorous discussions with those present. The deputy director participated in both AAS meetings, coordinating the NOAO booth presence. The NOAO diversity advocate (DA) participated in the AURA Workplace & Diversity Committee meetings in December and June. The DA continued to have a national presence by organizing career development workshops at national meetings, including the AAS meetings. The DA also participated in executing and analyzing a climate survey of AURA centers.

STATUS OF FY13 MILESTONES

Observatory Management

. Develop an annual program plan for FY13, to be delivered during the first quarter of FY13. Status: Completed.

. Deliver scientific quarterly and annual progress reports as required by NSF under the terms of their cooperative agreement with AURA for the management of NOAO. Status: Ongoing. Only this report (FYAR-13) remains to be submitted.

. Prepare an action plan in response to recommendations from the NSF Astronomy Portfolio Review that affect NOAO.

65 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

Status: Completed. NOAO delivered a transformation plan that takes NOAO from FY14 to the end of FY15 and sets the initial conditions for FY16 and beyond.

. Facilitate on-going management training for the NOAO senior management team. Status: No progress.

. Continue to work on ways to improve communication between NOAO staff at all levels. Status: Ongoing. The Director rebooted his NOAO-wide blog, held numerous science staff meetings, and participated in three separate all hands meetings (NOAO South, Tucson, and Kitt Peak).

. As necessary, support AURA with NSF-mandated reviews (e.g., Business Service Review and Mid- Term Management Review). Status: Completed. NOAO participated fully in the NSF Business Services Review during this fiscal year.

Diversity Program

. The diversity advocate will continue to maintain a national presence at meetings such as the National Society of Black & Hispanic Physicists, Society for Advancement of Chicanos and Native Ameri- cans in Science (SACNAS), in addition to the regular meeting of the AURA Workplace & Diversity Committee. Status: As co-chair of the ASTRO section of the NSBP, the NOAO diversity advocate (DA) participated (virtually) in a workshop to explore astronomy engagement with historically black colleges and universities in the area of Washington, D.C. The DA also participated in a panel in June 2013 to review NRAO’s diversity activities and efforts.

. Insure that all short lists for staff recruitment reflect the proportion of minority candidates who have applied. Insure that procedures for hiring are outlined clearly. Work with the NOAO associate directors to help minority staff feel more included in the NOAO mission. Status: The DA made presentations on unconscious bias to local search committees and others. She contributed text and comments to the OS head of program for the NOAO Scientific Staff Hiring Guidelines. The DA remained updated on staff searches and provided information and suggestions when requested. The DA worked with HR as a member of the Design Team and a participant in the initial NOAO mentoring workshop.

. Continue, in coordination with AURA, to work on broadening participation in the NSF science enterprise by engaging individuals, institutions, and geographical areas “...that do not participate in NSF research programs at rates comparable to others.” (Quote from the Executive Summary of Broadening Participation at the National Science Foundation: A Framework for Action, August 2008). Status: NOAO’s DA continued to support AURA’s partnership with IINSPIRE by soliciting projects and mentors from the NOAO technical and engineering staff.

Safety Program

. Review the NOAO Safety program and expand the reach and effectiveness of the program as resources allow. Status: No progress as yet.

66 NOAO-WIDE PROGRAMS

. With the coordination of the LSST Project office, establish the members of the LSST Safety Council and participate in external safety review meetings. Status: Members of the LSST Safety Council were selected, and the first LSST Safety Council review was held on 15 August 2013.

. With the coordination of the NOAO North Engineering & Technical Services manager, continue to enhance safety control measures for the Kitt Peak annual maintenance efforts during operational shutdown periods. Status: The operational shutdown was delayed due to major parts that have not been delivered by the vendor. A project safety review will be scheduled before work commences on the lift upgrade to the Mayall 4-m telescope.

. Begin to revise the NOAO/NSO Business Contingency Plan and the Kitt Peak Emergency Manual due to recent management changes. Status: Completed. Both the plan and the manual were updated.

5.4 ARRA INFRASTRUCTURE RENEWAL

FY13 PROGRAM REVIEW FY13 saw the completion of the remaining NOAO North and South infrastructure renewal projects funded by the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act of 2009 (ARRA).

STATUS OF FY13 MILESTONES

. Complete the Kitt Peak Instrument Handling Facility (IHF). Status: Following a competitive bid process, the selected contractor began the renovation process in the second quarter of FY13. NOAO staff reviewed the various submittals and the project efforts through the third and fourth quarters. The majority of the work was completed by the beginning of the fourth quarter, and NOAO staff began purchasing and installing the appropriate test equipment. The contractor completed their final efforts of installing a new bridge crane in early September; the renovation of the facility is now complete. NOAO is proceeding with the remaining efforts to set up the various test areas; the facility should be available for instruments in FY14.

. Complete dormitory renovations at CTIO. Status: Completed. Three dormitory buildings with a total of 39 rooms and a dining facility were renovated by the end of Q1 of FY13. The contractor completed the final punch list and the contract was closed in Q2. The renovated rooms and common areas were in full use by July 2013.

. Complete the La Serena meeting room upgrades. Status: Completed. By the second reporting period of this award year, the project to convert an un- derused area of the CTIO La Serena library into a staff interaction space and a multipurpose meeting/dining area was 75% complete. Following that period, furnishings were provided and the kitchenette area was completed. The final furnishings and appliances were installed in Q4. Con- struction bids for installation of an outdoor patio were received during Q3, but the installation was deferred to coordinate it with other exterior work. The relatively minor cost of the patio will be covered by non-ARRA funds.

67 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

. Complete the La Serena water system improvements. Status: Completed. Materials needed for the tank, pump, and chlorination system upgrades were purchased early in FY13. The deep-well pump was replaced. By the end of Q3, the chlorination system had been completed, and work had been contracted for refurbishment of the filtration system. The restoration of the filtration system for the main potable water supply system of the La Serena recinto during Q4 completed this project.

APPENDICES

69 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

A FY13 BUDGET BY PROGRAM

A.1 FY13 EXPENDITURES (CORRECTED) The following pie charts show the breakdown of expenditures for FY13 in three ways: (1) base fund expenditures as a percentage of NSF base funding by program, (2) total expenditures as a percentage of total funding by program, and (3) total expenditures as a percentage of total funding by expense category.

FY 2013 Base Expenditures Fee 9% NDO 2%

EPO 3% NS 27%

OS 2% Base fund expenditures as a percentage of total NSF base funding by program. NSTC 19%

NN 24% NSSC 15%

FY 2013 Total Expenditures Fee 7% NDO 3% EPO 3%

OS NS 1% 32%

Total expenditures as a percentage of total fund- NSTC 17% ing by program.

NSSC 11%

NN 27%

70 FY13 BUDGET BY PROGRAM

FY 2013 Expenditures by Category

Services 16%

Sub-Awards 13% Total expenditures as a percentage of total funding by category.

Supplies & Materials 10% Payroll Travel - Foreign 58% 1%

Travel - Domestic Capital Purchases 1% 1%

Table A-1 shows the actual gross expense figures as of the end of FY13 for each major program work package as well as the carry-forward funds. The left-hand column contains total funding for each activity, i.e., the sum of NSF FY13 base funding, non-base FY13 funding or revenue, and FY12 carry- forward funding (if any). The key for Table A-1 provides descriptions of the work breakdown structure shown in the table. (See section A.3 for a breakdown of the funds carried forward from FY13 to FY14.)

Table A-1: FY13 Total Funding vs. Actual Expenditures (Corrected) FY13 Actual Work Package Total Budget Expenses

NOAO South (NS) Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (CTIO) 5,687,877 5,615,675 NS Engineering & Technical Services 1,545,330 1,935,507 NS Facilities Operations 3,698,120 3,435,671 NS Computer Infrastructure Services 1,303,808 1,485,302 Subtotal 12,235,134 12,472,155 NOAO North (NN) Kitt Peak National Observatory (KPNO) 6,732,059 5,848,605 NN Engineering & Technical Services 2,132,753 2,092,274 NN Central Facilities Operations 1,853,043 1,764,108 NN Computer Infrastructure Services 876,139 801,065 Subtotal 11,593,994 10,506,052 NOAO System Science Center (NSSC) System User Support 937,850 941,554 Science Data Management 2,156,640 2,185,566 System Community Development 794,389 860,047 Time Allocation Committee 308,537 303,415 Subtotal 4,197,417 4,290,582 (Table A-1 is continued on the next page.)

71 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

Table A-1: FY13 Total Funding vs. Actual Expenditures (Corrected, continued)

FY13 Actual Work Package Total Budget Expenses

NOAO System Technology Center (NSTC) System Instrumentation 513,837 596,367 ReSTAR Instrumentation 747,076 746,495 Telescope System Instrumentation Program 2,967,477 2,912,680 Large Synoptic Survey Telescope Technology 2,221,386 2,219,310 Subtotal 6,449,776 6,474,852 Office of Science (OS) 722,145 497,249 Education & Public Outreach (EPO) 1,073,754 1,049,218 NOAO Director's Office (NDO) 1,384,055 979,784 NOAO Director's Reserve 413,505 0 AURA Services and Fees 2,641,000 2,596,301 Total Base Expenditures 40,710,779 38,866,194 Other NSF Funding ARRA Stimulus Funding North 717,563 717,563 ARRA Stimulus Funding South 305,836 305,836 La Serena School for Data Science 100,000 9,225 Subtotal Other NSF Expenditures 1,123,399 1,032,624

Total NOAO Expenditures 41,834,178 39,898,818

FY13 Base Funding (25,600,000) FY12 Carry-Forward Applied to NOAO Base Programs (4,906,387) FY13 Program Outside Revenue (Corrected) (10,304,393) Supplemental Expenditure Support (1,023,399) FY13 Total NOAO Carry-Forward (Corrected) (1,935,361)

Key to Table A-1: FY13 Total Funding vs. Actual Expenditures NOAO South (NS) This NOAO division focuses on the administration, facilities, and IT support services for NOAO activities based in La Serena, Chile. Cerro Tololo Inter- This work package includes the operational and mountain facilities support costs for CTIO. It American Observatory does not include NOAO-wide administrative costs. (CTIO) NS Engineering & Tech- This work package includes design, fabrication, installation, and operations support for the nical Services telescopes and instrumentation on Cerro Tololo and Cerro Pachón. NS Facilities Operations This work package includes the shared costs of operations of all of the AURA La Serena facilities, including warehouse, shipping/receiving, inventory control, security, water and sewer facilities, garage and transport, and the La Serena motel, as well as general maintenance and janitorial services. It also includes the shared costs of operations of all AURA mountaintop facilities on Cerro Tololo and Cerro Pachón, including road maintenance, power line maintenance, water system maintenance, emergency medical services, communication and telephone system maintenance, kitchen operations, and dormitory operations. All activities related to the management of general NOAO activities in La Serena are contained in this work package. NS Computer Infrastruc- This work package includes computer system support for NOAO South including network ture Services maintenance and software support. It includes system security and access. NOAO North (NN) This NOAO division focuses on the administration, facilities, and IT support services for NOAO activities based in southern Arizona.

72 FY13 BUDGET BY PROGRAM

Key to Table A-1: FY13 Total Funding vs. Actual Expenditures Kitt Peak National Obser- This work package contains the operational and mountain support costs for KPNO including vatory (KPNO) personnel, travel, miscellaneous equipment, tenant support, Site Director’s office, user support, NSO support, instrumentation and modernization upgrades, and other mountain facilities costs. Also included are costs of telescope operation and maintenance and partnerships. It does not include NOAO-wide administrative costs. NN Engineering & Tech- This work package includes design, fabrication, installation, and operations support for the nical Services telescopes and instrumentation on Kitt Peak. NN Central Facilities Op- This work package includes the NOAO North facilities operation costs of non-mountaintop erations building maintenance, roads and grounds, utilities, vehicles, and the computer network in Tucson. NN Computer Infrastruc- Included in this work package is computer system support for NOAO North, NSO, SOAR, ture Services and WIYN including network maintenance and software support. It also includes system security and access. NOAO System Science This NOAO division is a combination of the Science Data Management, System User Sup- Center (NSSC) port, Time Allocation Committee, and System Community Development programs. It includes personnel, travel, support, and equipment for NSSC to provide US community access and user support to the two Gemini telescopes. Support is provided for in NOAO North and South. Science research time for scientific staff that have NSSC functional responsibilities and NSSC postdoc support is also included. System User Support This work package includes management of US community access to Gemini and other Sys- tem telescopes, including periodic meetings of NOAO user constituencies, other informational workshops and committees, and the annual meeting of the survey teams. It also includes user support for observing proposal preparation and submission for all System facilities, as well as post-observing data processing. Science Data Management This work package contains the planning and management of SDM North and South, development and operation of the End-to-End Data Management System, user support, and data management for other initiatives. It includes community involvement and data in the VAO. System Community De- This work package focuses on connecting the US community-at-large with the new science velopment capabilities under development such as LSST, GMT, TMT, LCOGTN, and various emerging facilities for optical interferometry. Time Allocation Commit- This work package encompasses support of the NOAO time allocation process and TAC meet- tee ings, including salaries, travel, supplies, and services required to support the TAC meetings. NOAO System Technolo- This NOAO division is responsible for coordinating technological enhancements to the US gy Center (NSTC) Ground-Based O/IR Observing System. It incorporates System Instrumentation, Telescope System Instrumentation Program, Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (LSST) Technology program, and the NOAO portion of the ReSTAR supplement program. System Instrumentation This work package contains the operations and management of the instrumentation program supporting NOAO, the System, and the community. It also includes MONSOON and other instrumentation support. ReSTAR Instrumentation This work package includes projects funded through the NSF ReSTAR proposal including a new instrument for the KPNO Mayall 4-m telescope, detector upgrades to one existing instrument each at KPNO and CTIO, and access to the Palomar telescope. Telescope System Instru- The Telescope System Instrumentation Program (TSIP) funds development of new instrumentation Program ments for, or operational costs of, non-federal observatories in return for US community access to observing time on those telescopes as administered by the NOAO TAC. Large Synoptic Survey This work package includes support for the LSST Project in two important areas: Telescope Technology (1) responsibility for the design, development, and construction of the facilities in Chile, including the telescope, enclosure, and support facilities both on the summit and in La Serena; and (2) community engagement intended to support science collaborations in developing the science missions and input into the LSST. Office of Science (OS) This work-package contains support to science staff, including administrative support, colloquia, travel, page charges, and conferences/workshops. It also includes salary support for fellowships and those science staff on sabbatical or directly supporting the OS activity. Education & Public Out- This work package contains the NOAO North and South education and public outreach pro- reach (EPO) grams, REU programs, public affairs, and graphic arts.

73 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

Key to Table A-1: FY13 Total Funding vs. Actual Expenditures NOAO Director’s Office This work package focuses on the activities of the NOAO director, deputy director, adminis- (NDO) trative support staff, risk management, library, and safety coordination. It also includes these functions as provided by the CTIO director for NOAO South. NOAO Director’s Re- This work package includes unallocated FY13 base funds combined with all unexpended or serve uncommitted FY12 base funds. This reserve will be used for unpredictable spending needs, such as major changes in the US dollar to Chilean peso exchange rate or unexpected maintenance needs that require immediate response. AURA Services & Fees This includes the cost of purchasing services from AURA for NOAO-wide human resources, accounting/financial management, procurement, payroll, and logistics. It also includes the AURA Facilities & Administration fee for new funds and carry-forward from unexpended FY12 funds. The AURA management fee for FY13 is 3.2 percent. Total Base Expenditures This total includes the total expenditures of NOAO programs from NSF base funds. Other NSF Funding NSF funding for NOAO programs awarded separately from CSA (1) AST-0950945. ARRA Stimulus Funding This work package includes the renewal of critical infrastructure at the Tucson Headquarters North and Kitt Peak using one-time funds from the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) awarded under SPO-16 AST-0947035 ARRA Stimulus Funding This work package includes the renewal of critical infrastructure at the La Serena Base Facili- South ty and Cerro Tololo (including Cerro Pachón) using one-time funds from the American Re- covery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (ARRA) awarded under SPO-16 AST-0947035 La Serena School for Data Supplemental support for three one-week schools in Chile, in 2013, 2014, and 2015, to help Science train the next generation of scientists from Chile, the US, and other countries in the use of tools and techniques of “Big Data” in astronomy. Subtotal Other NSF Ex- This total includes the expenditures for NSF awards to NOAO other than CSA (1) AST- penditures 0950495. Total NOAO Expendi- This total includes the total expenditures of NOAO programs from NSF funds. tures FY13 Base Funding Actual FY13 NSF funding provided to NOAO for base programming. FY12 Carry-Forward Ap- FY12 carry-forward that was applied to the FY13 program. plied to NOAO Base Pro- grams FY13 Program Outside FY13 NSF base program revenue applied to the FY13 program (from Table A-2). Revenue Supplemental Support Total expenditures on supplemental support awards including the FY08 NOAO supplemental Expenditure support for FY13 expenditures from the LSST Design and Development project, KPNO and CTIO ARRA modernization projects, TSIP, and projects funded through the ReSTAR award. FY13 Total NOAO Car- Total amount of unexpended carry-forward from all NOAO programs. ry-Forward

74 FY13 BUDGET BY PROGRAM

A.2 FY13 REVENUE Table A-2 summarizes the other revenue—non-NSF base funding—received by each program. The key to Table A-2 describes the revenue sources.

Table A-2: FY13 NOAO Program Outside Revenue

FY13 Description Revenue

NOAO South (NS) CTIO Indirects and Miscellaneous Revenue (includes SOAR labor recharge) 135,725 CTIO SMARTS Payroll and Direct Support 614,928 CTIO SMARTS Labor Recharge and Indirects 64,575 NS ETS Projects Labor Recharge and Indirects 43,284 NS FO La Serena Facilities Support to Gemini, SOAR, and AURA-O 869,653 NS FO Mountain Facilities Support to Gemini, SOAR, and AURA-O 2,079,264 NS FO Gemini Library Support 5,000 CTIO Director Support to AURA-O 134,654 NS CIS Computer Network Support to AURA Centers, Las Campanas, ALMA, and Tenants 649,358 CTIO Scientific Support for Grants 134,337 Subtotal 4,730,777 NOAO North Facility Operations KPNO DS3 Link 80,215 KPNO Meal & Dormitory Revenue 322,621 KPNO KPVC Sales Revenue and Memberships 671,932 KPNO Joint Use Fee 116,844 KPNO Misc Facilities Use Fees 172,416 KPNO WIYN Operational Support 962,000 NN ETS Instrument Shop Support for NSO, ATST, WIYN, and Grants 21,321 NN CFO Support to NSO, WIYN, LSSTC, and Other Indirect Cost Revenue 624,937 NN CFO Space Lease 453,458 NN CIS Support for NSO and VAO 259,814 Subtotal 3,685,558 NOAO System Science Center Science Data Management VAO Grant 129,940 Grant Supported Staff Costs 8,089 Subtotal 138,029 NOAO System Technology Center Support for LSST Project 1,009,363 System Instrumentation TMT and GMT Support 118,081 System Instrumentation ATST Support 11,604 System Instrumentation Support for Other Outside Programs 10,770 Subtotal 1,149,818 Office of Science Grant Supported Staff Costs 9,473 Subtotal 9,473

75 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

Table A-2: FY13 NOAO Program Outside Revenue (Continued)

FY13 Description Revenue

Education & Public Outreach Support to NSO 103,603 Grant Supported Staff Costs 45,104 Subtotal 148,707 NOAO Director's Office Grant Indirect Revenue 375,079 NSO Support for Tucson Library 47,736 AURA DDF 19,216 Subtotal 442,031 Total FY13 Program Outside Revenue 10,304,393

Key to Table A-2: FY13 NOAO Program Outside Revenue NOAO South (NS) NOAO Division CTIO Indirects and Miscellaneous Rev- Revenue from small projects for Gemini, SOAR, and other external entities and enue (includes SOAR labor recharge) general indirect cost recovery. CTIO SMARTS Payroll and Direct Revenue from the SMARTS Consortium for operational labor and miscellaneous Support support. CTIO SMARTS Labor Recharge and General indirect cost recovery from SMARTS operational support. Indirects NS ETS SOAR Projects Labor Re- Revenue for labor provided by NS Engineering & Technology staff for SOAR charges and Indirects project support. NS FO La Serena Facilities Support to Revenue from providing facilities services to the tenants. Gemini, SOAR, and AURA-O NS FO Mountain Facilities Support to Revenue for support of mountain operations from Gemini, SOAR, AURA-O, and Gemini, SOAR, and AURA-O other tenants on Cerro Tololo and Cerro Pachón. NS FO Gemini Library Support Contributions for support of the La Serena Library from Gemini. CTIO Director Support to AURA-O Revenue from AURA for the CTIO Director’s time spent on activities related to his role as AURA-O Head of Mission. NS CIS Computer Network Support to NOAO support revenue from the users. AURA Centers, Las Campanas, ALMA, and Tenants CTIO Scientific Support for Grants This includes revenue from support for the CTIO REU program and NASA grant charges. NOAO North (NN) NOAO Division KPNO DS3 Link Revenue from tenants for maintenance and support. KPNO Meal & Dormitory Revenue Revenue from nighttime programs, meals sold, and dormitory rental on Kitt Peak. KPNO KPVC Sales Revenue and Mem- Revenue from Visitor Center, sales, night observing programs, etc. and the Friends berships of Kitt Peak program. KPNO Joint Use Fee Annual fee charged to all tenants on KP for joint support services provided. KPNO Misc Facilities Use Fees Miscellaneous revenue from use of the facilities. KPNO WIYN Operational Support Support funds from the WIYN partners toward support of operations.

76 FY13 BUDGET BY PROGRAM

Key to Table A-2: FY13 NOAO Program Outside Revenue NN ETS Instrument Shop Support for Revenue from NSO or grant accounts to cover payroll costs of instrument shop NSO, ATST, WIYN, and Grants work requested by NSO, ATST, WIYN, or grant awardees, respectively. NN CFO Support to NSO, WIYN, Indirect revenue from grants and support for facilities and services rendered to LSSTC, and Other Indirect Cost Reve- NSO, WIYN, LSSTC, etc. nue NN CFO Space Lease Revenue from leasing Tucson space to LSSTC, University of Arizona, etc. NN CIS Support for NSO and VAO Revenue from labor support by NOAO North Computer Infrastructure Services to NSO and VAO. NOAO System Science Center (NSSC) NOAO Division Science Data Management VAO Grant NSF grant support for NOAO work on the Virtual Astronomical Observatory (VAO). Grant Supported Staff Costs Research grant revenue for various NSSC staff. NOAO System Technology Center NOAO Division (NSTC) Support for LSST Project Labor and effort recovered from LSST Corporate. System Instrumentation TMT and GMT Revenue received in return for supporting AURA employees employed by TMT, Support leasing of office space to TMT, and some site support work packages; GMT KASI contract revenue is included also. System Instrumentation ATST Support Revenue from labor support to ATST. System Instrumentation Support for Miscellaneous support work done by the System Instrumentation staff for Gemini, Other Outside Programs Steward Observatory, Lunar Planetary Lab, and other local astronomical institutions. Office of Science (OS) NOAO Division Grant Supported Staff Costs Grant and outside support for postdocs including Hubble fellowships, etc. Education and Public Outreach (EPO) NOAO Division Support to NSO Revenue provided by NSO to support NSO EPO efforts on Kitt Peak, some public information functions, and general EPO outreach locally and regionally on behalf of NSO. Grant Supported Staff Costs Grant and outside support for various EPO staff. NOAO Director’s Office (NDO) NOAO Division Grant Indirect Revenue A portion of grant revenue goes to the Director’s Office for miscellaneous science support and NSO library support. NSO Support for Tucson Library Contributions from NSO for support of the NOAO Library. AURA DDF Funding from AURA Corporate for discretionary expenditures. Total FY13 Program Outside Revenue Outside Revenue not provided by the NSF core program. Includes supplemental funds used for NOAO base programs. (Refer to revenue table for full detailed revenues per program.)

77 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

A.3 FY13 FUNDS CARRIED FORWARD TO FY14 Table A-3 shows a breakdown of carry-forward from FY13 base funding and external revenue and the total carry-forward available for distribution in the NOAO FY14 program.

Table A-3: Carry-Forward after FY 2013 Expenditures (Corrected)

Program Carry-Forward NOAO Funds Carried Forward (Corrected) 1,935,361 Other NSF Funds Carried Forward REU 332,810 Interagency Transfers 86,072 Total Funds Carried Forward (Corrected) 2,354,243

B NOAO KEY MANAGEMENT & SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

B.1 NOAO KEY MANAGEMENT DURING FY13  David Silva, NOAO Director  Robert Blum, NOAO Deputy Director  Timothy Beers, Associate Director for KPNO (through 30 August 2013)  Lori Allen, Associate Director for KPNO (as of 1 September 2013)  Nicole van der Bliek, Interim Associate Director for NOAO South  Verne V. Smith, Associate Director for NOAO System Science Center  Joan Najita, Head of Program, Office of Science (began sabbatical 1 September 2013)  Tod Lauer, Acting Head of Program, Office of Science (as of 1 September 2013)  David Sprayberry, Head of Program, NOAO System Technology Center  Stephen Pompea, Head of Program, Education and Public Outreach

B.2 SCIENTIFIC STAFF CHANGES DURING FY13 New Appointments Date Name Position Location 07/15/2013 Gautham Narayan Research Associate NOAO-N

Departures Date Name Position Location 10/01/2012 Katia Cunha Assistant Astronomer NOAO-N 07/31/2013 Todd Boroson Astronomer/Tenure NOAO-N 09/20/2013 Andrea Kunder Research Associate NOAO-S

Status Changes Date Name Position Change Location 10/01/2012 Timothy Abbott Scientist Promoted from Associate Scientist NOAO-S 10/01/2012 Dara Norman Associate Scientist Promoted from Assistant Scientist NOAO-N 10/01/2012 Sean Points Associate Scientist Promoted from Assistant Scientist NOAO-S 10/01/2012 R. Chris Smith Head of Mission AURA-O End of Appointment as Assoc. Director NOAO-S for NOAO South 10/01/2012 Nicole van der Bliek Interim Assoc. Director for Appointed as Interim Assoc. Director NOAO-S NOAO South for NOAO South 09/01/2013 Lori Allen Assoc. Director for KPNO Appointed from Scientist NOAO-N 09/01/2013 Tod Lauer Acting Head of Science Appointed from Astronomer/Tenure NOAO-N

79 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

B.3 DIVISION OF EFFORT—NOAO SCIENTIFIC/MANAGEMENT STAFF The fractional division of actual effort for each NOAO scientific staff member across FY13 budgeted programs is shown in Table B-1 on the following pages. Scientific staff members and programs shown in Table B-1 are those funded under NSF funds allocated to the FY13 NOAO base budget. Programs and scientists (e.g., postdoctoral research associates) funded under external grants or non-AST/NSF sources are included. All columns show the actual FTEs by program. Also included in Table B-1 are the technical, engineering, and other staff who are either partially or totally funded by other funding as defined by the NSF/AURA Cooperative Agreement. Table B-2 provides a breakdown of the sources of other funding by FTE. Table B-1 and Ta- ble B-2 show the actual FY13 effort by each listed staff member within the NOAO functional programs. These tables may be compared with Table 24 and Table 25, respectively, in the “NOAO Annual Program Plan FY 2013,” in which the predictions at the start of the year are listed. Scientific staff fill out biweekly timecards indicating the hours spent on each activity. These hours are converted to fractions of a pay period, taking charges to grants and functional activities first, then research, up to the 80 hours per pay period limit. The nominal allocation for research is shown with a code after the staff member’s name as follows:  Director, Deputy Director, and Associate Director (D): max of 20%  Head of Program (H): max of 20%  Full, Associate, and Assistant Astronomer (A): max of 50%  Full, Associate, and Assistant Scientist (S): max of 20%  Postdocs and Goldberg Fellows (P): max of 100%

80 NOAO KEY MANAGEMENT & SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

Table B-1: FY13 Fractional Division of Effort of NOAO Scientific Staff/Key Management by Budgeted Program with Technical, Engineering, and Other Staff with Other Funding (FY13 NSF-Allocated Funds Only)

Scientific Staff & Key Mgmt (excluding postdoctoral research associates)

NSSC NSTC

TSIP/ GRANTS/ Name Research CTIO NS KPNO NN SUS SDM SCD TAC SI LSST OS EPO NOAO DIR * Total ReSTAR OTHER

Abbott, Timothy (S) 0.04 0.96 ------1.00

Allen, Lori E. (D) 0.09 - 0.91 ------1.00

Beers, Timothy (D) 0.29 0.01 0.68 ------0.02 - 1.00

Blum, Robert D. (D) 0.10 0.06 ------0.84 - 1.00

Boroson, Todd (A) 0.27 - 0.35 - - 0.29 0.09 ------1.00

Dey, Arjun (A) 0.23 - - 0.35 - 0.03 0.35 ------0.04 1.00

Dickinson, Mark E. (A) 0.61 - - 0.03 - 0.31 0.05 ------1.00

Elias, Jonathan H. (H) 0.01 - - 0.93 - - - - - 0.06 - - - - - 1.00

Garmany, Catharine D. (S) 0.17 ------0.83 - - 1.00

Gregory, Brooke (S)† 0.03 0.93 ------0.04 1.00

Heathcote, Stephen (D) - 1.00 ------1.00

Hinkle, Kenneth H. (S) 0.09 - - 0.91 ------1.00

James, David (A) 0.47 0.50 ------0.03 - - - - - 1.00

Joyce, Richard R. (S) 0.08 - 0.62 0.17 0.13 ------1.00

Lauer, Tod R. (A) 0.55 - 0.12 - - 0.19 0.06 - - - 0.02 0.06 - - 1.00

Matheson, Thomas D. (A) 0.25 - - 0.33 - 0.42 ------1.00

Mighell, Kenneth J. (S) ‡ ------0.40 - 0.60 1.00

Najita, Joan R. (H) 0.24 ------0.71 - - 0.05 1.00

Norman, Dara (S) 0.14 0.14 - 0.11 0.38 ------0.23 - 1.00

Olsen, Knut (H) 0.26 - - 0.04 - 0.70 ------1.00

* For the grant and other funding sources, see Table B-2. † Brooke Gregory is a half-time employee. ‡ Kenneth Mighell is 100% grant-funded with 35% coming from EPO for the REU grant and the remaining 65% from outside sources.

81 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

Scientific Staff & Key Mgmt (excluding postdoctoral research associates)

NSSC NSTC

TSIP/ GRANTS/ Name Research CTIO NS KPNO NN SUS SDM SCD TAC SI LSST OS EPO NOAO DIR * Total ReSTAR OTHER

Points, Sean D. (S) 0.22 0.75 ------0.03 - - - - - 1.00

Pompea, Stephen M. (H) 0.19 ------0.69 - 0.12 1.00

Probst, Ronald G. (S) 0.13 0.01 0.18 0.55 0.04 - - - 0.01 0.08 - - - - - 1.00

Rajagopal, Jayadev (S) 0.06 - 0.86 0.08 ------1.00

Ridgway, Stephen T. (A) 0.19 - - - - 0.81 ------1.00

Ridgway, Susan E. (A) 0.45 - - 0.55 ------1.00

Saha, Abhijit (A) 0.22 0.06 0.05 - - 0.67 ------1.00

Shaw, Richard A. (S) ------1.00 1.00

Silva, David (D) 0.03 ------0.97 - 1.00

Smith, Malcolm G. (A)§ 0.34 0.66 ------1.00

Smith, Robert C. (A) 0.06 0.26 0.01 ------0.67 1.00

Smith, Verne V. (D) 0.21 - - 0.79 ------1.00

Sprayberry, David (H) 0.05 - - 0.33 - - - - 0.46 0.16 - - - - - 1.00

Stanghellini, Letizia (H) 0.37 - - 0.63 ------1.00

Stobie, Elizabeth B. (H) - - - - 0.86 ------0.14 1.00

Tokovinin, Andrei (A) 0.32 0.21 - - - - - 0.47 ------1.00

Valdes, Francisco (S) - - - - 1.00 ------1.00 van der Bliek, Nicole S. (D) 0.01 0.49 0.50 ------1.00

Walker, Alistair R. (A) 0.04 0.91 ------0.05 - - - 1.00

Walker, Constance (S) 0.18 ------0.82 - - 1.00

Sci Staff FTE Totals 6.99 6.95 0.51 3.77 2.47 3.88 2.17 3.16 0.50 0.94 0.36 - 0.78 2.80 2.06 2.66 40.00

§ Malcolm Smith is a half-time employee.

82 NOAO KEY MANAGEMENT & SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

Postdoctoral Research Associates

NSSC NSTC

TSIP/ GRANTS/ Name Research CTIO NS KPNO NN SUS SDM SCD TAC SI LSST OS EPO NOAO DIR ** Total ReSTAR OTHER

Atlee, David (P) ------1.00 1.00

Dong, Hui (P) ------1.00 1.00

Everett, Mark (P) ------1.00 1.00

Furlan, Elise (P) ------1.00 1.00

Hong, Sungryong (P) ------1.00 1.00

Inami, Hanae (P) ------1.00 1.00

Kaleida, Catherine (P) - 0.64 0.36 ------1.00

Kartaltepe, Jeyhan S. (P) ------1.00 1.00

Kunder, Andrea M. (P) - 1.00 ------1.00

Narayan, Gautham (P) ------1.00 1.00

Pforr, Janine (P) ------1.00 1.00

Salyk, Colette (P) ------1.00 - - - 1.00

Postdoc FTE Totals - 1.64 0.36 ------1.00 - - 9.00 12.00

Technical, Engineering, and Other Staff with Outside (Other) Funding

NSSC NSTC

TSIP/ NOAO GRANTS/ Name CTIO NS KPNO NN SUS SDM SCD TAC SI LSST OS EPO †† Total ReSTAR DIR OTHER

Andrew, John R. ------0.44 - - - 0.56 1.00

Bonati, Marco A. 0.68 ------0.28 - - - - 0.04 1.00

Cardemil, Rodolfo C. 0.26 0.65 ------0.01 - 0.02 - 0.06 1.00

Chandrasekharan, Srini ------0.47 - - - 0.53 1.00

** For the grant and other funding sources, see Table B-2. †† Ibid.

83 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

Technical, Engineering, and Other Staff with Outside (Other) Funding

NSSC NSTC

TSIP/ NOAO GRANTS/ Name CTIO NS KPNO NN SUS SDM SCD TAC SI LSST OS EPO †† Total ReSTAR DIR OTHER

Cho, Myung K. ------0.24 - 0.07 - - - 0.69 1.00

Claver, Jennifer A. ------1.00 1.00

DeVries, Joseph R. - - - 0.08 ------0.84 - - - 0.08 1.00

Dunlop, Patrick - - 0.48 0.31 ------0.21 1.00

Estay, Omar J. 0.84 ------0.09 - - - 0.07 1.00

Fitzpatrick, Michael J. - - - - - 0.43 ------0.57 1.00

Fleming, Michael W. - - - 0.98 ------0.02 1.00

Garagorri, Petri X. 0.05 0.93 ------0.02 1.00

Goble, Will P. - - 0.25 0.70 ------0.02 - - - 0.03 1.00

Godoy, Luis A. 0.85 ------0.15 1.00

Grandi, Steven A. - - - 0.97 ------0.03 1.00

Gressler, William J. ------0.45 - - - 0.55 1.00

Herrera, David A. - - - 0.71 ------0.29 1.00

Hileman, Edward A. ------1.00 1.00

Hughes, James B. - 0.50 ------0.50 1.00

Lambert, Ronald R. - 0.89 ------0.11 1.00

Liang, Ming - - - 0.16 ------0.84 1.00

Mathis, Hillary - - 0.98 ------0.02 1.00

Moore, Peter C. 0.02 0.06 ------0.28 0.60 - - - - 0.04 1.00

Neill, Douglas R. ------0.44 - - - 0.56 1.00

Norris, Patrick W. - - - - - 0.54 ------0.46 1.00

Parkes, Esteban M. 0.99 ------0.01 1.00

Pinto, Victor M. 0.64 ------0.36 1.00

Reddell, Lawrence R. - - 0.30 0.64 - - - - - 0.01 - - - - 0.05 1.00

84 NOAO KEY MANAGEMENT & SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

Technical, Engineering, and Other Staff with Outside (Other) Funding

NSSC NSTC

TSIP/ NOAO GRANTS/ Name CTIO NS KPNO NN SUS SDM SCD TAC SI LSST OS EPO †† Total ReSTAR DIR OTHER

Repp, Roger A. - - 0.03 0.38 - - - - - 0.37 0.07 - - - 0.15 1.00

Robledo, Victor M. 0.84 ------0.03 - - - - 0.13 1.00

Rojas, David E. 0.96 ------0.04 1.00

Rojas, Francisco J. 0.94 ------0.06 1.00

Schmidt, Ricardo E. 0.00 ------1.00 1.00

Schurter, Patricio W. 0.78 - - 0.02 - - - - - 0.19 - - - - 0.01 1.00

Sebag, Jacques ------1.00 1.00

Timmermann, Erik R. - - - - - 0.80 ------0.20 1.00

Vergara, Pedro E. 0.50 0.00 ------0.01 0.14 - - - - 0.34 1.00

Wiecha, Oliver M. ------1.00 1.00

Tech/Engr FTE Totals 8.36 3.04 2.03 4.25 - 2.48 - - 0.53 1.62 2.90 - 0.02 - 12.78 38.01

Table B-2: Sources for Grant and Other Funding FTEs Noted in Table B-1

Sources of Grants and Other Funding (Non-NSF Base)

NSO/ ATST/ Las TMT/ University Name Position AURA LSSTC Gemini SOAR WIYN Campanas SMARTS NASA VAO DOE GSMT Projects Total Andrew, John R. Engineering Assoc - 0.56 ------0.56

Atlee, David Research Associate ------1.00 - - - - 1.00

Bonati, Marco A. Computer Programmer 1 ------0.04 - - - - - 0.04

Cardemil, Rodolfo C. Computer Programmer 3 - - - - - 0.06 ------0.06

Chandrasekharan, Srini Sr Software Engineer - 0.53 ------0.53

Cho, Myung K. Principal Engineer ------0.69 - 0.69

Claver, Jennifer A. Associate in Research ------1.00 - - - - 1.00

DeVries, Joseph R. Engineer - 0.08 ------0.08

85 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

Sources of Grants and Other Funding (Non-NSF Base)

NSO/ ATST/ Las TMT/ University Name Position AURA LSSTC Gemini SOAR WIYN Campanas SMARTS NASA VAO DOE GSMT Projects Total Dey, Arjun Astronomer/Tenure ------0.04 - - - - 0.04

Dong, Hui Research Associate ------1.00 - - - - 1.00

Dunlop, Patrick Engineer I/Asst Engineer - - 0.21 ------0.21

Estay, Omar J. Computer Programmer 3 - - - 0.03 ------0.04 - 0.07

Everett, Mark E. Research Associate ------1.00 - - - - 1.00

Fitzpatrick, Michael J. Prncpl Sftwr Systems Engr ------0.57 - - - 0.57

Fleming, Michael W. Sr Scientific Programmer ------0.02 - - - 0.02

Furlan, Elise Research Associate ------1.00 - - - - 1.00

Garagorri, Petri X. Computer Programmer 3 ------0.02 - - - - - 0.02

Goble, Will P. Engineering Manager ------0.03 0.03

Godoy, Luis A. Instrument Maker 1 - - 0.15 ------0.15

Grandi, Steven A. Manager, CIS ------0.03 - - - 0.03

Gregory, Brooke Senior Scientist 0.04 ------0.04

Gressler, William J. Proj Mgr, LSST Telescope - 0.55 ------0.55

Herrera, David A. Pipeline Support Analyst ------0.29 - - 0.29

Hileman, Edward A. Senior Engineer - 1.00 ------1.00

Hong, Sungryong Research Associate ------1.00 - - - - 1.00

Hughes, James B. Sr Scientific Programmer - - - - - 0.50 ------0.50

Inami, Hanae Research Associate ------1.00 - - - - 1.00

Kartaltepe, J S Research Associate ------1.00 - - - - 1.00

Lambert, Ronald R. Manager, CIS - 0.11 ------0.11

Liang, Ming Senior Engineer - 0.84 ------0.84

Mathis, Hillary Mtn Telescope Oper. Mgr - - - - 0.02 ------0.02

Mighell, Kenneth J. Scientist ------0.60 - - - - 0.60

Moore, Peter C. Senior Engineer ------0.02 - - - - 0.02 0.04

86 NOAO KEY MANAGEMENT & SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

Sources of Grants and Other Funding (Non-NSF Base)

NSO/ ATST/ Las TMT/ University Name Position AURA LSSTC Gemini SOAR WIYN Campanas SMARTS NASA VAO DOE GSMT Projects Total Najita, Joan R. Head of Program-Science ------0.05 - - - - 0.05

Narayan, Gautham S. Research Associate ------1.00 - - - - 1.00

Neill, Douglas R. Principal Engineer - 0.56 ------0.56

Norris, Patrick W. Test Engineer ------0.46 - - - 0.46

Parkes, Esteban M. Manager Telescope Service ------0.01 - - - - - 0.01

Pforr, Janine Research Associate ------1.00 - - - - 1.00

Pinto, Victor M. Instrument Maker 3 - - 0.18 - - - 0.18 - - - - - 0.36

Pompea, Stephen M. Head of Program EPO ------0.12 0.12

Reddell, Lawrence R. Engineering Assoc ------0.05 0.05

Repp, Roger A. Instrmnt Shp Facil Sprvsr - - 0.05 ------0.10 0.15

Robledo, Victor M. Instrument Maker 3 - - 0.13 ------0.13

Rojas, David E. Senior Engineer ------0.04 - - - - - 0.04

Rojas, Francisco J. Senior Engineer ------0.06 - - - - - 0.06

Schmidt, Ricardo E. Senior Engineer - - - 1.00 ------1.00

Schurter, Patricio W. Associate Engineer ------0.01 0.01

Sebag, Jacques Principal Engineer - 1.00 ------1.00

Shaw, Richard A. Scientist - 0.23 - - 0.45 - - 0.32 - - - - 1.00

Smith, Robert C. Astronomer/Tenure 0.67 ------0.67

Stobie, Elizabeth B. Head of Program-SDM ------0.14 - - - 0.14

Timmermann, Erik R. Scientific Programmer II - - - - 0.20 ------0.20

Vergara, Pedro E. Instrument Maker 1 - - - 0.34 ------0.34

Wiecha, Oliver M. Principal Engineer - 1.00 ------1.00

Totals: 0.71 6.46 0.72 1.37 0.67 0.56 0.37 11.01 1.22 0.29 0.73 0.33 24.44

87 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

B.4 SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND PLANS New appointment in FY13  Non-NSF (external) funding Term ended in FY13

TIMOTHY ABBOTT, Scientist

Research Interests Telescopes; instrumentation; telescope operations; late stage of binary star evolution; dark energy

FY13 Accomplishments Abbott, as manager of NOAO South Engineering and Technical Services (ETS) was responsible for the management of resources among the many instrument and observatory development programs in which CTIO participates. As project manager for the ƒ/8 secondary mirror recovery project, Abbott oversaw the successful return of that crucial component to service at the V. M. Blanco 4-m telescope. Abbott participated in the verification and early science done with DECam, including making the first formally scheduled community observations with the instrument.

FY14 Plans As telescope scientist for the Blanco, Abbott will work to ensure that the Blanco telescope and instruments, including DECam and the new instruments COSMOS and TripleSpec, serve the NOAO community with the best performance possible. Abbott also will continue his participation in the Dark Energy Survey.

HELMUT A. ABT, Astronomer Emeritus

Research Interests Stellar evolution; stellar rotation; publication studies

FY13 Accomplishments Abt was invited to spend two weeks in Beijing, China, to give talks and advise students. He proposed PhD thesis topics for two students and became their adviser. He published a paper in the Astronomical Journal (2012) on the efficiencies of ground-based telescopes that showed that large (>7 m) telescopes produce only marginally more citations than moderate ones and only half of the most cited papers. The Hirsch index measures a researcher’s major publication rate, but is sensitive to the researcher’s age. Abt published a simple modification that is independent of age, and that modification is being widely discussed in papers by others. Abt is working on the gaseous disks around A-type stars and presented a summary at a meeting in Moscow, 3–7 June 2013. He reviewed papers for Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astronomical Journal, Astrophysical Journal, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (2), Scientometrics (5), and the Hong Kong Research Grants Council. He published obituaries for two astronomers. He wrote approximately 50 humorous stories about astronomers, and those are being published a few at a time in semi-annual reports of the Historical Astronomy Division of the American Astronomical Society (AAS).

FY14 Plans Abt will continue his work on the gaseous disks around A-type stars.

88 NOAO KEY MANAGEMENT & SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

LORI ALLEN, Associate Scientist (Deputy Director, KPNO)

Research Interests Star and planet formation; young stellar clusters; near-Earth objects; infrared instrumentation

FY13 Accomplishments Allen was co-author on seven refereed publications. As principal investigator (PI), she continued work on the DECam Near-Earth Object (NEO) search program, reporting on a pilot project at the 2013 Plane- tary Defense Conference and at the Division of Planetary Sciences. Allen continued her collaboration with astronomers at Iowa State University (S.Willis, M. Marengo) and the Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (H. Smith, Q. Zhong) on infrared and sub-millimeter observations of massive star- forming regions. She collaborated with X. Koenig (Yale University) on Mayall/R-CSpec observations of candidate OB stars.

FY14 Plans Allen will lead the DECam NEO Survey, which will have its first observations in the 2014A semester.

DAVID ATLEE, Research Associate

Research Interests Observational galaxy evolution; star formation; dust; galaxy morphologies

FY13 Accomplishments During FY13, Atlee collaborated on four papers for publication in peer-reviewed journals. These include the MIPS AGN and Galaxy Evolution Survey (MAGES) data paper and a paper on the evolution of luminous, star-forming galaxies in MAGES. Atlee is the primary author of the second paper. As part of his work on this paper, he developed and tested a code to perform Markov chain Monte Carlo analysis. In addition to his work on papers for publication, Atlee participated in observing proposals and observations in support of MAGES and the extended MAGES collaboration. These included proposing and collecting spectra of faint sources in the MAGES survey field using the Multi-Object Double Spectro- graph at the Large Binocular Telescope (LBT). Atlee also participated in observations of the Cosmic Evolution Survey field using DECam. These observations are intended to test the reliability of 5-band photometric redshifts for faint galaxies; this will have direct implications for ongoing deep, extragalactic surveys with DECam as well as for LSST.

FY14 Plans During FY14, Atlee will finish two first-author papers based on the MAGES data. He will also participate in the completion of the MAGES data paper as a co-author and work on the reduction and analysis of the DECam observations, described above.

TIMOTHY BEERS, Astronomer (Associate Director for KPNO)

Research Interests Discovery and analysis of early generation stars in the Milky Way and Local Group galaxies; stellar populations; formation and evolution of the Milky Way; chemistry, structure, and kinematics of the Milky Way; probing the first stars in the Universe with chemical abundances; nuclear astrophysics

FY13 Accomplishments In addition to his duties as KPNO director, Beers worked with KPNO/NOAO staff to develop plans for the preparation of the Mayall telescope for execution of the DESI experiment, which is under develop-

89 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

ment by the Department of Energy. Beers served as a member of the WIYN Board and various subcom- mittees associated with the Board. He is a co-PI in the NSF-funded Physics Frontier Center Joint Institute for Nuclear Astrophysics (JINA). Beers published (or had in press by the end of FY13) 21 scientific papers in professional journals, 11 conference proceedings, and 11 abstracts. The most significant publications include the first four papers in a series of papers describing high-resolution spectroscopic analyses of a large sample of the most metal-poor stars known; the first paper of a series on high-resolution analyses of metal-poor stars obtained with the Subaru 8-m telescope, based on candidates identified with the Sloan Digital Sky Survey; a paper summarizing the observed frequencies of carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars from SDSS/SEGUE; a paper providing a detailed chemical abundance analysis of the 9th magnitude, [Fe/H] = –3.8, CEMP-no star BD+44:493; a paper describing the kinematics of stars from SDSS/SEGUE showing CN anomalies in their atmospheres; a paper discussing the detection of vertical density waves in the disk of the Milky Way, based on SDSS/SEGUE data; and a paper presenting the first “fair” metallicity distribution function in the solar neighborhood based on photometric metallicities from SDSS/SEGUE.

FY14 Plans Beers will continue his work with various projects, including those associated with JINA, the APOGEE project in connection with SDSS-III, the LAMOST project in China, and involvement with the AEGIS/ESO-Gaia project, which is obtaining medium- and high-resolution spectroscopy with the AAT and the VLT in support of the Gaia astrometry mission. He will work on manuscripts that are in preparation that include a paper describing a new search for CEMP stars from the Hamburg/ESO survey, based on spectra obtained with the Gemini telescopes and others; a catalog of K giant stars from SDSS/SEGUE; a paper describing simulations of stellar haloes in Milky Way-like galaxies; additional papers in a series describing high-resolution spectroscopic observations of very metal-poor stars obtained with the Subaru 8-m telescope; a paper summarizing elemental abundances for CEMP stars based on observations with the new X-Shooter instrument on the VLT; and a paper describing the distribution of CEMP-no and CEMP-s stars in the halo system of the Milky Way.

ROBERT DAVID BLUM, Astronomer (Deputy Director, NOAO)

Research Interests Galactic star formation; resolved Stellar Populations in the Local Group

FY13 Accomplishments Blum and collaborators (PI: C. DeWitt, University of California Davis) published results of a study on near infrared counterparts to Chandra X-ray point sources in the Galactic center. Blum and A. Damineli (University of São Paulo) were granted time for the Gemini multi-conjugate adaptive optics science verification in order to study the local star burst analog, R136, in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Blum participated in early observing for the SMASH survey proposal with DECam on the Blanco to study the stellar populations in tidal fields of the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (PIs: D. Nidever University of Michigan and K. Olsen, NOAO). Blum also observed and is participating with collaborators on a project to study the formation of the Galactic bulge with DECam (PI: A. Saha, NOAO).

FY14 Plans In FY14, Blum will continue his work with Damineli using Gemini to study R136. Blum will continue to participate in the SMASH and Galactic bulge projects. Blum will be finishing a project with collaborators using Spitzer data and SOAR OSIRIS spectroscopy to understand asymptotic giant branch stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud; Blum is the PI, C. Kemper and S. Srinivasan (Academia Sinica, Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Taipei) and B. Ling (University of Toronto) are co-investigators.

90 NOAO KEY MANAGEMENT & SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

TODD BOROSON, Astronomer

Research Interests Structural and physical properties of active galactic nuclei; stellar populations and their evolution; O/IR instrumentation; analysis and mining of large astronomical data sets

FY13 Accomplishments Boroson continued his work with M. Eracleous (Pennsylvania State University) to monitor the spectra of 88 quasars with shifted broad emission lines to isolate those that are best explained as bound supermassive black hole binaries. In FY13, this included completion of the HST spectroscopy and VLA imaging, and beginning third epoch optical observations. Boroson also collaborated with M. DiPompeo, J. Runnoe, and A. Myers (University of Wyoming) on a study of the distribution of the sizes of radio sources.

FY14 Plans Boroson left NOAO near the end of FY13. He assumed the position of Director, Las Cumbres Observa- tory.

ARJUN DEY, Astronomer

Research Interests Galaxy formation and evolution; large-scale structure; AGN; observational cosmology

FY13 Accomplishments During FY13, Dey continued to manage and chair the NOAO telescope time allocation process and participate as NOAO’s representative in the DESI (formerly BigBOSS) project both as a member of the Steering Committee and as the NOAO project scientist. DESI held workshops in Paris, Shanghai, and Berkeley where Dey presented work on image quality studies of the Mayall and Blanco telescopes, plans for DESI calibration fields, galaxy evolution surveys, and generating community participation in the project. Dey also carried out a study of the delivered image quality of the Mosaic cameras on the Blanco and Mayall. Dey’s research focused again on the clustering and evolution of galaxies. He continued to investigate the properties and evolutionary state of a sample of extremely luminous dusty galaxies at z ~ 2 that appear to be undergoing an active phase of star and active galactic nuclei (AGN) formation using optical, IR, sub-mm, and radio observations. These galaxies may represent a subsequent evolutionary phase of some sub-mm galaxies. Dey also studied the nature and evolution of strong Lyman-alpha emitting galaxies and large, spatially extended Lyman-alpha “Blobs” at redshifts z ~ 1.5–3, and helped lead an investigation on very ultraviolet-luminous star-forming galaxies at z ~ 3–4. Dey supervised postdoctoral research associate S. Hong (NOAO). He also participated in the discovery and follow-up of high-redshift galaxy clusters in the Boötes field. Dey gave invited colloquia at the University of Michigan, Michigan State Univeristy, University of Virginia/NRAO in Charlottesville, and an Aspen Center for Physics summer meeting on Obscured Galaxies. Dey was awarded a Radcliffe Institute Fellowship and began a sabbatical at Harvard in September 2013.

FY14 Plans As a result of receiving a Radcliffe Institute Fellowship, Dey will be on sabbatical at Harvard during the 2013 academic year. He will remain involved in some aspects of the DESI project. He will continue to work primarily on galaxy evolution and clustering, using the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey (NDWFS) and related survey data. He plans to investigate the Lyman alpha emitter population at high redshift and investigate their utility in understanding galaxy formation and clustering. He will continue projects studying the most ultraviolet-luminous galaxy population at high-redshift, specifically the very bright star-forming galaxies at 3.5 < z < 5.5. He will investigate the properties of the extremely dust-obscured

91 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

galaxies at redshift z ~ 2 uncovered by the Spitzer Space Telescope, the space density and physical properties of large Lyman-alpha emitting nebulae, and the properties of a sample of z < 3 Lyman-alpha emitters. Dey is a co-investigator on the MAGES and SSDF Spitzer Legacy Projects, the NOAO NEWFIRM Survey aimed at mapping the Boötes Field of the NDWFS. He is also a co-I on the eBOSS project (part of SDSS AS3). He will participate in an NEWFIRM survey of the Andromeda Galaxy.

MARK DICKINSON, Associate Astronomer

Research Interests Galaxy formation and evolution; high redshift galaxies; active galactic nuclei

FY13 Accomplishments Dickinson’s research uses deep, multi-wavelength surveys to study galaxy formation and evolution. He is one of the originators of the Great Observatories Origins Deep Survey (GOODS), and is a founding co- investigator for the Cosmic Assembly Near-infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey (CANDELS), a very large multicycle HST program of deep infrared and optical imaging of five premier survey areas, which completed observations in 2013. Dickinson is the principle investigator (PI) for a large program of far-infrared (100 to 500 microns) observations of the CANDELS fields with the Herschel Space Obser- vatory. These Herschel data measure the bulk of the energy from star formation and supermassive black hole growth at high redshift, which is obscured by dust and reradiated in the far-infrared. In FY13, Dick- inson supervised NOAO postdoctoral researchers J. Pforr and H. Inami and was NOAO staff contact for Hubble Fellow J. Kartaltepe; all three worked on aspects of the CANDELS and GOODS programs. Dick- inson also supervised the PhD research during FY13 of University of Arizona graduate student K. Pen- ner. Dickinson was an author on 23 refereed papers that appeared or were submitted during FY13, including a review article about the cosmic star formation history (Madau & Dickinson, ARAA, submitted), and a paper reporting spectroscopic confirmation of a galaxy at redshift z = 7.5 (Finkelstein et al., Nature, in press).

FY14 Plans In FY14, Dickinson and his postdocs, students, and collaborators will continue analyzing the complete HST + Herschel CANDELS data set, studying the evolution of the infrared luminosity function and cosmic star formation history, and the relation between the mode of star formation (e.g., secularly-evolving “main sequence” galaxies versus merger-induced “starbursts”), galaxy morphology, and stellar population properties, particularly at redshifts 1 < z < 3. Dickinson is PI for an upcoming observing program with the Keck MOSFIRE near-infrared multi-object spectrograph, studying the kinematics of star- forming IR-luminous galaxies at redshift z ≈ 1.5. He is collaborating with S. Finkelstein (University of Texas, Austin) and others on MOSFIRE observations of candidates for galaxies at z > 7. Dickinson will visit the University of Texas at Austin as the Beatrice Tinsley Centennial Visiting Professor in the spring of 2014.

HUI DONG, Research Associate

Research Interests Massive stars in the Galactic Center; stellar population in the galactic nuclear regions; extinction curve

FY13 Accomplishments Dong worked with NOAO staff scientists K. Olsen, T. Lauer, and A. Saha on the Hubble Space Tele- scope (HST) Multi-Cycle Treasury program, Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury (PHAT). Dong finished the pipeline for the source detection and artificial test with the deconvolution method developed by Lauer. Dong spent much of FY13 analyzing the data and writing the paper. Dong also helped Saha

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analyze the extinction curve in the M31 disk. Dong has nearly finished the draft of that work. Dong, J. Mauerhan (Steward Observatory), and M. Morris (University of California, Los Angeles) studied the radial velocities of eight evolved massive stars in the Galactic Center. Dong found that some massive stars could form in-situ and is writing a paper about this result. Dong, Li (UCLA), D. Wang (University of Massachusetts) found the extinction curve of the M31 bulge is steeper than that of the Milky Way with similar metallicities. The paper will be submitted soon. They also have mapped the molecular clouds in the M31 bulge with the highest angular resolution and are preparing the paper.

FY14 Plans Dong will continue his work with Lauer to study the star formation history of the M31 bulge through the color-magnitude diagram constructed from this new source catalog. Dong will also work with L. Bianchi. (Johns Hopkins University) to use the spectral energy distribution method to analyze the extinction curve in the OB association. Dong will continue his work on identifying the young massive stars in the Galactic Center through the spectral energy distribution method with multi-wavelength HST observations.

JONATHAN H. ELIAS, Astronomer

Research Interests Star formation and evolution; Magellanic Clouds; supernovae and novae

FY13 Accomplishments Elias’s functional responsibilities as manager of the NOAO North Engineering & Technical Services program did not allow time for an active research program. He did, however, serve as a reviewer on several external instrumentation-related panels.

FY14 Plans Elias expects his management responsibilities during FY14 to again leave little time for personal research and service activities.

MARK EVERETT, Research Associate 

Research Interests Exoplanet characterization; spectroscopy and high-resolution imaging

FY13 Accomplishments Everett was a member of the NASA Kepler Mission Follow-up Program (KFOP). KFOP is a ground- based follow-up observing effort to validate and characterize candidate exoplanet systems found by Kep- ler. Everett’s role was to conduct observations and manage data reduction and analysis for two follow-up programs. In one, the properties of candidate planet host stars are determined by modeling spectra obtained with the Ritchey-Chrétien Spectrograph (R-C Spec) at the Mayall 4-m telescope. Stellar properties, especially radii, are used to characterize the properties of transiting planets (e.g., their radii). The second program is a speckle imaging survey conducted at WIYN and Gemini North that targets candidate planet host stars to detect or constrain the presence of other nearby sources. The images are used to determine the origin of the transit signals and the amount of flux blended into Kepler’s light curves from nearby sources. The data are used to validate planets, identify false positives (e.g., eclipsing binaries), and correct for the effects of blending.

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FY14 Plans Everett will continue working on the KFOP programs through the 2014 summer observing season. A major area of effort will be to develop efficient validation procedures to confirm large numbers of candidate planets.

ELISE FURLAN, Research Associate

Research Interests Star and planet formation; evolution of protostellar envelopes and protoplanetary disks

FY13 Accomplishments Furlan continued her work on protostars in the Orion star-forming complex as a member of the Herschel Orion Protostar Survey (HOPS) team (PI: S. T. Megeath, University of Toledo, Ohio), under the supervi- sion of L. Allen (NOAO). Furlan worked on checking the quality of the data used for constructing spectral energy distributions (SEDs) and contributed to revising Herschel PACS (Photodetector Array Camera & Spectrometer) photometry with improved measurements. She also expanded her code that determines the best-fit model for each protostar using a large grid of protostellar models applied to the improved SEDs. The results of her models yielded estimates of protostellar properties for over 300 protostars in Orion. Furlan presented results of her work at two conferences: the winter meeting of the Ameri- can Astronomical Society in Long Beach, California, and the “Protostars and Planets VI” conference that took place in July in Heidelberg, Germany.

FY14 Plans Furlan will complete her work on modeling protostars in Orion; two publications with the results are in preparation. She will also work on the delivery to the Herschel Science Center of the final data products from HOPS, which include images, spectra, and photometry catalogs.

KATY GARMANY, Associate Scientist (half-time)

Research Interests Formation and evolution of massive stars; astronomy education

FY13 Accomplishments Garmany continued with her collaboration with Brazilian astronomers and a visiting Brazilian PhD student on a study of rotational velocities of B-type stars and how stellar environment affects this. She remained at 50% (part-time) status.

FY14 Plans Garmany will be collaborating with Tohono O’odham Community College in teaching their astronomy class. She expects to assist with other outreach opportunities on the Tohono O’odham Nation.

BROOKE GREGORY, Senior Scientist (half-time)

Research Interests Infrared instrumentation; adaptive optics; cryogenic technology

FY13 Accomplishments Gregory’s time was consumed by his program-related activities of upgrades to the Blanco 4-m telescope infrastructure at CTIO, which were particularly motivated by the needs of the Dark Energy Camera.

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FY14 Plans In FY14 as well, Gregory’s time will be spent on program-related work: completing the implementation of a system to improve the cooling of the Blanco dome, which will help improve “telescope seeing.”

STEPHEN HEATHCOTE, Astronomer (SOAR Director)

Research Interests Young stellar objects; Herbig-Haro outflows; supernova remnants

FY13 Accomplishments Heathcote has been on indefinite assignment that included all of FY13 to be director of the Southern As- trophysical Research (SOAR) observatory.

FY14 Plans Effective 1 February 2014, Heathcote will take up the position of NOAO Associate Director for NOAO South and, consequently, will be ramping up his scientific activity. In particular, Heathcote will evaluate the use of images obtained with the SAM ground layer adaptive-optics system on SOAR to study the proper motions, temporal evolution, and shock structure of Herbig-Haro outflows from young stars, extending his previous work with various collaborators, using images from HST. Heathcote will also continue work with A. Crotts (Columbia University) and others on the formation and evolution of the remnant of supernova 1987A.

KENNETH H. HINKLE, Scientist

Research Interests Peculiar and late-type stars; variable stars; circumstellar and interstellar matter; spectroscopy; instrumentation

FY13 Accomplishments In collaboration with S. Brittain (Clemson University), R. Gehrz (University of Minnesota), and T. Lebzelter (University of Vienna), Hinkle continued near-infrared observations of post-asymptotic giant branch (AGB) disks. Images of post-AGB final flash remnants were obtained with the Altair adaptive optics (AO) system at Gemini North in collaboration with R. Joyce (NOAO). Follow-up spectroscopy was done with GNIRS. Hinkle also continued his research on binary evolution of AGB stars, including symbiotic systems, with F. Fekel (Tennessee State University), R. Joyce (NOAO), and P. Wood (Austral- ia National Observatory). Spectra were observed with the KPNO Coudé Feed telescope. A paper on D- symbiotic systems was published. A paper on MgH isotopologues was published with L. Wallace (NOAO), P. Bernath (Old Dominion), R. Ram (University of York), C. Sneden (University of Texas), and S. Lucatello (INAF).

FY14 Plans Hinkle plans to work on another paper in a series with Fekel, Joyce, and Wood on AGB binary systems containing Mira variables with white dwarf companions. He will do research with T. Lebzelter on AGB circumstellar shells. He expects to complete a paper with Lebzelter and E. Hartig (University. of Vienna), J. Cash and D. Walter (South Carolina State University), and K. Mighell (NOAO) on Kepler observations of AGB stars. Hinkle’s research on post-AGB binary systems with circumbinary disks will continue with S. Brittain, R. Gehrz, T. Lebzelter, S. Margheim (Gemini), J. Rajagopal (NOAO), and S. T. Ridg- way (NOAO). Hinkle plans to continue his collaboration with L. Wallace on laboratory and solar spectroscopy. A project with C. Pilachowski (Indiana University) is underway to measure abundances from

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archived FTS spectra. Hinkle will continue his work with Joyce and others on high-resolution near- infrared spectrographs.

SUNGRYONG HONG, Research Associate

Research Interests Starburst galaxies; stellar feedback; high redshift galaxies; large-scale structure

FY13 Accomplishments During FY13, Hong published his work about shock-ionized gas in nearby starburst galaxies to constrain stellar feedbacks and submitted the related technique paper to objectively subtract the continuum from a narrow-band image. He continuued to investigate the redshift distribution of Lyman-alpha emitters (LAEs) near z = 2.7 obtained by MMT/Hectospec. Using his automated routine to detect line emissions from spectra, 636 redshifts of LAEs are secured and their angular correlation was calculated. He also tested the application of network analysis tools (graph theory) used in mathematics and computer science to investigate the topological structures of the Universe. This result is in preparation for publication. The awarded HST program (GO13000) is in progress, observing seven pointings in the field of the LAE sample using WFC3/IR F110W, F160W, and F139M. This will be completed in FY14.

FY14 Plans Hong will publish the work on the automated line detection technique, the network analysis tools, and the angular correlation properties of the secured LAEs. He will work on the HST data from the program GO13000 to investigate the stellar component of the LAEs to search environmental effects on the stellar population of the LAEs.

HANAE INAMI, Research Associate

Research Interests Galaxy evolution and formation; luminous infrared galaxies; star-forming galaxies; active galactic nuclei

FY13 Accomplishments Inami made galaxy catalogs detected in the Herschel 100–500 µm deep images, which were taken under the CANDELS-Herschel programs. These catalogs (and the corresponding reduced images) have been used among the team in various science projects, e.g., in Straatman et al. (2013, submitted); source ex- traction simulations; and target selections for many telescope observing time proposals. Inami investigated hot dust emission detected in normal star-forming galaxies using these data, and the preliminary results were reported at conferences. She started to build infrared luminosity functions with the Herschel data. In addition to the CANDELS project, she is involved in the Great Observatories All-sky LIRG Sur- vey (GOALS) project. Under the GOALS collaboration, Inami was a first author on a paper that reports the gas properties of local infrared luminous galaxies revealed with Spitzer spectra. The paper has been accepted for publication. Inami helped with some of the NOAO outreach programs as well.

FY14 Plans Inami plans to finalize the Herschel galaxy catalogs. She will work on papers to report the results from exploring the hot dust emission in normal star-forming galaxies and the infrared luminosity functions. For the GOALS project, she plans to publish a paper based on the AKARI 2–5 mm spectra. She will be continuously involved in the future space mission, Space Infrared Telescope for Cosmology and Astro- physics (SPICA) and a second generation TMT instrument called MICHI (the Mid-Infrared Camera High-disperser, & IFU spectrograph).

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DAVID JAMES, Assistant Astronomer

Research Interests Stellar evolution; stellar masses and ages; rotation and lithium depletion on the main sequence; gyrochronology; large-scale photometric and spectroscopic surveys; detection and properties of extrasolar planets

FY13 Accomplishments James published a comprehensive low-resolution spectral library of dwarf and giant stars produced using the Ritchey-Chrétien (RC) spectrograph on the 1.9-m Radcliffe telescope at the Sutherland site of the South African Astronomical Observatory (SAAO). In collaboration with A. Aarnio (University of Michigan) and PhD candidate Alex Richert (Penn State), James established the ages and masses of young solar-type stars in the Rho Ophiuchus and Chamaeleon I & II star forming regions. Exploiting BVIc photometry, obtained using the CTIO 1-m telescope, 2MASS JHK, and WISE W1–>W4 magnitudes, his team produced spectral energy distributions for each star in order to search for optically thick circumstellar disks around these young stars—James is finalizing the paper for Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. James supervised an American high-school student, Benjamin Giampetroni, during a two week visit to the CTIO, and they completed the data reduction and analysis of Gemini- South GMOS spectra for lithium depletion boundary objects in the very young (10-Myr) open cluster Collinder 70. As co-investigator, James completed a gyrochronology (rotation age) survey of the Blanco 1 open cluster using the Kilo-Degree Extremely Little Telescope (KELT-South), the results have been submitted to the Astrophysical Journal. In August, he attended a KELT-South Science Workshop, at Vanderbilt University. In September, with collaborator E. Gaidos (University of Hawaii), James observed a large M-dwarf sample using the RC spectrograph on the SAAO 1.9-m telescope in preparation for their NASA “Origins of Solar System” proposal, “M-dwarf Exoplanet Reconnaissance: Sounding the Habitable Zones of Nearby Cool Stars” (PI: Gaidos, co-I: James). In collaboration with E. Mamajek (University of Rochester), James performed Dark Energy Camera observations for a subset of nearby L- & T-dwarfs, as part of their recent NSF award (AST-1313029), “DECam Survey for Benchmark 15 Myr- old Substellar Objects in the Nearest OB Associations” (PI: Mamajek, co-I: James). James continued to participate in a dedicated search for Near-Earth Objects using the Dark Energy Camera as as co-I of the team led by L. Allen (NOAO). James was promoted to Full Member of the Dark Energy Survey.

FY14 Plans James will complete the analysis of the wide-field photometric and spectroscopic survey of the Blanco 1 open cluster, leading to its publication this year. Exploiting CHIRON spectra from a successful 2013B proposal, he will contribute heavily to characterizing the brightest stars in the southern sky, in support of their high-cadence, high-precision photometric observations being performed by the Bright Target Ex- plorer (BRITE) nanosatellites. James serves as a member on that project’s International Advisory Sci- ence Team. He will attend the Cool Stars workshop in Flagstaff, Arizona, in May 2014.

RICHARD R. JOYCE, Scientist

Research Interests Late-type stars; mass loss; infrared detector and instrumentation development

FY13 Accomplishments Joyce continued a long-term project with K. Hinkle (NOAO), F. Fekel (Tennessee State University), and P. Wood (Australia National University) to determine orbits of symbiotic stars by measurement of their radial velocities at infrared wavelengths, emphasizing the largely unstudied Southern Hemisphere sky. Time series spectroscopic observations for five of the six known D-type novae have been published. As-

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trometry of HST images of the final flash object, V4334 Sgr, prior to its optical disappearance in 2001 suggest that we may have detected the ejecta cloud in our 2010 Altair+NIRI K-band observations using Gemini North. Additional observations this year with Altair+NIRI and GNIRS have confirmed the expansion of the ejecta and detected emission from [He I] and [C I] resulting from the high-velocity wind from this object. These results are in the process of submission. The results of the pilot program for the “SweetSpot” near-infrared survey of Type Ia supernovae are being submitted for publication.

FY14 Plans Joyce will continue the infrared radial velocity measurements of the Southern Hemisphere symbiotic stars, anticipating that several of the S-type should achieve sufficient orbital coverage for publication. He has joined the “SweetSpot” Survey Team, which is involved in a three-year program of near-infrared monitoring of Type Ia supernovae using WHIRC on the WIYN telescope. The reduced data from Gemini observations of the other final flash objects will be written up for publication. Joyce will continue to act as a liaison with the DESI project, dealing primarily with issues of interfacing the instrument to the Mayall telescope and improving the delivered image quality. He is also a member of the WIYN Science Steering Committee and Board.

CATHERINE KALEIDA, Research Associate (CTIO REU/PIA Student Coordinator)

Research Interests Star clusters and stellar associations in nearby galaxies; stellar populations in galaxies; galaxy formation and evolution

FY13 Accomplishments Kaleida continued to explore star clusters and stellar associations in nearby galaxies, with specific interest in their disruption times. The stellar groupings in NGC 4214 were identified using the automated method outlined in Kaleida et al. 2013 (in preparation). This method will be used to identify and study stellar groupings in a statistically significant set of ~50 galaxies. Kaleida mentored two students in FY13, and the preliminary work in this ~50-galaxy set was completed by CTIO REU student M. Williams (Eastern Kentucky University). Kaleida guided Williams in a research project involving selection and aperture photometry of stellar associations in NGC 4214 and NGC 628. Kaleida mentored a term abroad student, V. Parkash (Union College), in a project producing near-IR radial color profiles of nearby galaxies. Kaleida took observations for two research projects on which she is a collaborator: “Survey of the MAgellanic Stellar History—SMASH” (PI: D.Nidever) and “A Search for Optically Faint Space Debris at GEO” (PI: P.Seitzer). These projects are ongoing and results will be published in subsequent years.

FY14 Plans Kaleida plans to complete her work on producing an automated method for selecting star clusters and stellar associations in NGC 4214, and submit the results for publication in the Astronomical Journal. Once this automated method is published, it can be used to identify stellar groupings in ~50 nearby galaxies and to study the disruption times of these groupings. She also plans to complete the reduction of near-IR images for 26 galaxies in the Nearby Field Galaxy Survey (R. Jansen 2000), and produce radial profiles for these galaxies, in collaboration with R. Jansen (Arizona State University), V. Parkash (Union College), and an as yet unnamed 2014 CTIO REU student whom Kaleida will mentor. An NOAO observing proposal (“Comparing Stellar Populations of Galaxies across the Hubble Sequence,” PI: C. Kaleida) has been submitted to obtain data for 12 more galaxies, to add to the 14 galaxies for which data has already been obtained. These two projects will bring new insights to the fields of galaxy formation and evolution.

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JEYHAN KARTALTEPE, Research Associate (Hubble Fellow)

Research Interests Galaxy evolution; galaxy mergers and interactions; luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies; near- infrared spectroscopy; galaxy morphology

FY13 Accomplishments As the leader of the CANDELS Structure and Morphology working group, Kartaltepe coordinated 65 people in a visual classification effort and produced morphology catalogs. A paper on this project is in preparation. She completed a low-resolution, near-infrared spectroscopic survey of infrared galaxies in the COSMOS field. She continued her work on looking at the morphological properties of infrared- selected galaxies from GOODS-Herschel and CANDELS-Herschel. She was awarded Keck/MOSFIRE time to obtain near-infrared spectroscopy for a subset of these galaxies and the analysis of that data is underway.

FY14 Plans In FY14, Kartaltepe plans to submit papers on the results of the visual classification effort and the Fiber Multi-Object Spectrograph (FMOS) spectroscopic survey of the COSMOS field. A new, high-resolution FMOS survey is now underway and she will continue to lead the sample selection and observing effort. In addition, she will complete the morphological analysis of galaxies in GOODS-Herschel and CANDELS-Herschel and submit a paper on the results. She will continue to apply for telescope time for the MOSFIRE project. Finally, she will continue to write and coordinate the public outreach blog for the CANDELS survey.

TOM KINMAN, Astronomer Emeritus

Research Interests Galactic structure; Galactic Halo; Horizontal Branch Stars; RR Lyrae stars

FY13 Accomplishments Kinman continued his research on the variables in the Lick Survey Fields VIII, IX, and X. This includes a discussion of the data of the original photographic surveys from 1964 at Lick and the subsequent pho- toelectric and CCD observations at Kitt Peak and Tenagra and other more recent CCD surveys. This should give information on the period changes of the variables and the completeness of various surveys. Also included is a study with W. Brown (Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics) of objects that vary in the GALEX ultraviolet but not in the visible. A paper based on this study was nearly ready to be submitted for publication by the end of FY13.

FY14 Plans Kinman hopes to continue the work outlined above. He plans to publish it in several papers during FY14 and into FY15.

ANDREA KUNDER, Senior Research Associate

Research Interests Observational stellar astronomy; stellar populations; stellar evolution; horizontal branch; RR Lyrae stars; Galactic bulge; globular clusters

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FY13 Accomplishments Kunder completed the study of the horizontal branch in three massive globular clusters known to show a spread in iron abundance and exhibiting multiple populations: NGC 2808, NGC 1851 and M22 (Kunder et al. 2013a, Kunder et al. 2013b, Kunder et al. 2013c, respectively). She used the SOAR Adaptive Op- tics Module (SAM) to probe the globular cluster NGC 6496 and obtain new constraints on its properties, resulting in NOAO press release 13-04. Kunder is continuing her work in determining kinematics and abundances of stars in the Galactic bulge to probe the large-scale structure of the Milky Way, obtaining new observations with the Anglo-Australian Telescope (AAT) and analyzing archival Hydra observations. Kunder published nine refereed papers in 2013—three as first-author—and was awarded the NOAO Excellence Award for Science.

FY14 Plans Kunder will pursue her new research postdoctoral fellowship at the Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics (AIP).

TOD R. LAUER, Astronomer

Research Interests Extragalactic astronomy; normal galaxies; nuclear black holes; stellar populations; cosmology; astronomical image processing; space-based dark energy investigations

FY13 Accomplishments Lauer conducted several research programs on external galaxies, based on HST and Gemini observations. Using spectroscopy at Gemini, Lauer and collaborators searched for black holes in brightest cluster galaxies (BCG). With co-investigators M. Postman (STScI) and M. Strauss (Princeton University), Lauer investigated the global properties of BCGs. Lastly, Lauer and collaborators used HST observations to image the cluster of blue stars surrounding the M31 black hole, showing that stars have newly formed in this unusual environment. Lauer continued to support the NOAO Survey program, and the KPNO Mosaic imager. Lauer supported the NOAO role as the conduit for LSST to the community and served on the WIYN Board of Di- rectors. Lauer is also editor of the NOAO Newsletter.

FY14 Plans Lauer will be taking a key part in a recently selected HST multi-cycle treasury proposal to use HST to map out a third of the great Andromeda galaxy, M31. This is an extremely ambitious program. Lauer will be developing algorithms to achieve the highest possible spatial resolution of the completed imaging. Lauer will continue to work with his collaborators in mapping the local population of black holes in galaxy centers. He also will be assisting the “New Horizons” science team with the development of image processing algorithms to detect satellites around Pluto as the spacecraft approaches Pluto.

ROGER LYNDS, Astronomer Emeritus

Research Interests Galaxy evolution; galaxy mergers; cosmology

FY13 Accomplishments Lynds continued his analysis of the peculiar galaxy NGC 6745—peculiar by virtue of a penetrating encounter by a lesser galaxy that induced a burst of star formation triggered by both the gravitational wave bow shock and a ram pressure shock. This much is fairly well understood. However, 21-cm observations revealed a neutral hydrogen tail extending from a toroidal distribution in NGC 6745 all the way to a dis-

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tant minor galaxy that has been determined to be at the same redshift as NGC 6745. That galaxy had evi- dently penetrated NGC 6745 at an earlier time and has deposited an entrainment tail of neutral hydrogen in its wake. The obvious question is whether or not there was a shock-induced star burst that occurred in that encounter. If so, the stars thus created would have, by virtue of momentum transfer, drifted out in the direction of the hydrogen tail. A search for evidence of such a stellar component has been undertaken employing data obtained and recorded in the 1970s. Such data had been recorded on open-reel 7-track tape for which a functioning drive no longer exists at NOAO. So there has been a major effort to obtain verbatim copies, decode the image formatting, and decode the bit assignments. That effort has been successful, and now the search begins.

FY14 Plans Lynds will continue the work outlined above.

THOMAS MATHESON, Associate Astronomer

Research Interests Supernovae; novae; gamma-ray bursts; transient phenomena; cosmology

FY13 Accomplishments Matheson was coauthor on three refereed publications in FY13. One reported on the discovery of PTF12gzk. This was an energetic Type Ic supernova (SN) in a dwarf galaxy that is the subject of an intensive investigation using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) as well as ground-based follow up. An- other paper analyzed SN 2011ht. This was an unusual Type II supernova whose photometric behavior confirmed that supernovae (SNe) with evidence for interaction with the ambient medium can have light curves with a plateau phase. A paper by Silverman et al. looked at Type Ia supernovae that show strong interaction with their circumstellar medium. In addition, Matheson was a coauthor on conference presentations on spectroscopic studies of the light echoes of eta Carina. Matheson was also a coauthor on a AAS poster describing the potential role of NOAO in supporting the community’s use of LSST.

FY14 Plans Matheson will continue to work on spectroscopic studies of the light echoes of ancient SNe, including Cas A and Tycho’s SN in our Galaxy, as well as light echoes of eta Carina. Matheson will work on low- redshift Type Ia SNe looking for spectroscopic correlations with intrinsic luminosity. He will also prepare a paper summarizing the spectroscopy of high-redshift Type Ia supernovae found by the ESSENCE project. There will be other studies of general properties of low-redshift supernovae. In addition, Mathe- son will work on the SweetSpot survey, a three-year NOAO survey using the WIYN High-Resolution Infra-red Camera to observe Type Ia supernovae in the Hubble flow.

KENNETH J. MIGHELL, Scientist (KPNO REU Site Director) 

Research Interests Stellar populations in Local Group galaxies; precision stellar photometry and astrometry; parallel- processing astronomical image-analysis applications

FY13 Accomplishments Mighell was Site Director for the 2013 KPNO Research Experiences for Undergraduates (REU) program (details about the FY13 participants are in section 5.2). The NSF-funded KPNO REU program was renewed for four years through FY16 (AST-1262829; PI: Mighell). Mighell and P. Plavchan (California Institute of Technology) developed the Period Error Calculator (PEC) algorithm and used it to determine the period errors of the Kepler Eclipsing Binary Catalog (Mighell & Plavchan 2013, AJ, 145, 148).

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Mighell led a team that described PhAst (Photometry-Astrometry), which is an IDL (Interactive Data Language) astronomical image viewer optimized for astrometry of near Earth objects (Mighell et al. 2012, PASP, 124, 1360). Mighell and others described the orbital phase variations of the eccentric giant planet HAT-P-2b (Nikole et al. 2013, ApJ, 766, 95L). Mighell gave an invited talk on May 29, at the “Sixth Workshop on Fault-Tolerant Spaceborne Computing Employing New Technologies 2013,” at Sandia National Laboratories in Albuquerque, New Mexico.

FY14 Plans Mighell will manage the 2014 KPNO REU Site program that will involve six, bright undergraduate students from around the country. As part of his Kepler research for NASA, Mighell will investigate methods to remove systematic errors in the Kepler database that are associated with long-period stellar variables. As part of his NASA-funded Astrophysics Data Analysis Program research, Mighell will improve the precision of stellar photometry of Spitzer Infrared Array Camera (IRAC) Warm Mission observations of transiting exoplanets. Mighell will continue his development work of the computational framework of his CRBLASTER cosmic-ray rejection application using NASA supercomputer clusters. Mighell will be a design consultant to Honeywell International Inc. on their Phase I grant for the US Air Force/NASA Next Generation Space Processor project.

JOAN NAJITA, Astronomer

Research Interests Star and planet formation; circumstellar disks; infrared spectroscopy; chemistry and evolution of circumstellar disks

FY13 Accomplishments Najita and her colleagues S. Brittain, J. Liskowsky (Clemson University), and J. Carr (Naval Research Laboratory) published two papers on the Herbig Ae star HD100546, whose infrared spectrum appears to provide evidence for several elements that have been hypothesized for systems that are forming a massive giant planet (a gas-free gap in the disk, an eccentric inner rim to the outer disk, and a circumplanetary disk) as inferred by high resolution spectroscopy and spectroastrometry (Brittain et al. 2013; Liskowsky et al. 2013). These properties may prove useful as signposts of giant planet formation and as probes of the giant planet formation process.

FY14 Plans Najita will continue a study with M. Ádámkovics and A. Glassgold (UC Berkeley) of the effects of ultraviolet irradiation on the thermal and chemical properties of inner disk atmospheres. These studies provide the basis for interpreting Spitzer spectra of planet-forming disks. They have discovered an interesting aspect of bistability in the chemical structure of the disk atmosphere. The availability of multiple thermal-chemical solutions in a bistability situation opens up the possibility that the chemical properties of the disk are sensitive to their initial conditions (and therefore their evolutionary history) despite the short timescale to achieve chemical equilibrium.

GAUTHAM NARAYAN, Research Associate

Research Interests Cosmology; dark energy; evolution of the Universe; distance indicators; supernovae

FY13 Accomplishments Narayan joined NOAO in July 2013 following his May graduation from Harward. He worked on papers detailing the final observations and analysis of the ESSENCE survey, carried out at CTIO, that will be

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published soon. He also worked on analysis of HST WFC3 data to establish faint equatorial fundamental spectrophotometric standards for use by current and future wide-field surveys such as DES and LSST.

FY14 Plans Narayan plans to finish establishing faint standards and develop transformations to PS1, DES and carry out auxiliary observations with ground-based facilities to establish extremely wide network of standards. Hi will finish the ESSENCE cosmology analysis. Narayan plans to use new samples of low-z supernova searches to develop new models of SNIa light curve-luminosity-color relations.

DARA J. NORMAN, Associate Scientist

Research Interests Quasars and their environments; galaxy evolution; large-scale structure

FY13 Accomplishments Norman was co-investigator (co-I) on a paper on AGN evolution in galaxy clusters authored by P. Marti- ni (The Ohio State University). She was invited to join the Resolved Spectroscopy Of a Local VolumE (RESOLVE) collaboration, PI S. Kannappan (University of North Carolina), and is currently a co-I on an NOAO survey program awarded time with the Gemini integral field unit (IFU) and SOAR to obtain spectra for survey galaxies. Norman mentored a student participating in the 2013 KPNO REU program, who will present her work at the January 2014 American Astronomical Society (AAS) meeting. Norman began tenure as a AAS councilor and continued on the AAS Demographics committee. She is on the advisory board for the AAS longitudinal survey that recently received NSF grant funding. Norman served on a review panel for NRAO diversity activities. She continued as co-chair of the ASTRO committee for the National Society of Black Physicists and, in that capacity, attended a workshop of Historically Black Colleges and Universities, NRAO, and university leaders.

FY14 Plans Norman plans to complete a first author paper. She will continue to apply for telescope time on national facilities. She will continue as a councilor for the AAS and with her duties on the Demographics committee.

KNUT A. G. OLSEN, Associate Astronomer (Head of Program, SCD)

Research Interests Stellar populations and star formation histories of nearby galaxies; star clusters; Magellanic Clouds

FY13 Accomplishments Olsen continued following up the FY11 discovery of a population of accreted Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) during FY13. He mentored KPNO REU student B. Smart in a project of reducing and analyzing several thousand spectra of LMC stars collected by Olsen and collaborators with Hydra on the CTIO Blanco 4-m telescope. Olsen and D. Nidever (University of Michigan) led a team of 26 investigators in successfully proposing for the SMASH survey, an NOAO Survey program that will use 30 nights on the Blanco 4-m telescope with DECam. Olsen is helping to negotiate access to the Dark Energy Survey (DES) data and the DES Data Management data reduction pipeline in exchange for DES access to the SMASH data. He reported on his Magellanic Clouds work at the CTIO 50th anniversary symposium and at invited colloquia at the University of Arizona and Universi- ty of Virginia. Olsen continued his participation, along with T. Lauer, A. Saha, and postdoc H. Dong (NOAO), in the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury (PHAT) project, an 825-orbit HST multi-

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cycle treasury program; Olsen is Dong’s primary supervisor. Olsen was co-author on two papers published in the refereed literature in FY13.

FY14 Plans Olsen will continue to work on the SMASH survey of the Magellanic Clouds and on the PHAT project. Olsen also will work on Gemini GeMS/GSAOI observations of Centaurus A and on DECam observations of the Galactic bulge.

JANINE PFORR, Research Associate

Research Interests Stellar populations of galaxies, specifically stellar masses and star formation rates; galaxy evolution; SED-fitting

FY13 Accomplishments Pforr continued her work with M. Dickinson (NOAO), K. Penner (University of Arizona, student of M. Dickinson) and J. Kartaltepe and H. Inami (NOAO) on CANDELS HST and CANDELS Herschel data. She contributed to photometric redshift and stellar mass estimates as well as morphological classifica- tions for CANDELS. The paper on photometric redshift methods in CANDELS that she co-authored was published. Pforr led the Education and Public Outreach working group in CANDELS and was co- organizer of the CANDELS outreach blog. She published a second paper based on her dissertation work. Since joining NOAO, Pforr became an approved external collaborator for SDSSIII/BOSS and has contributed to BOSS publications. She was second author on the stellar mass description paper which made up part of her dissertation work. Her stellar mass efforts were included into the SDSS DR9 data pipeline. Pforr organized the weekly, Friday FLASH seminars at NOAO and particpated as a mentor in a graduate student mentoring program. Pforr supervised a KPNO REU student in the summer of 2013. She also was active in Project ASTRO within NOAO. Pforr began work on a publication on the stellar population properties of dusty, IR-luminous galaxies within CANDELS as well as a second publication on the effects of extinction laws for such galaxies. She has been contributing to a publication lead by K. Penner while working independently on a study comparing SED-fitting results to those of spectral fitting analyses.

FY14 Plans Pforr plans to finish her CANDELS publications as well as her independent publication. She will continue to contribute to publications within the group at NOAO as well as within the CANDELS team. Pforr will prepare several observation proposals for the 2014 semesters. She will continue her work on a publication of photometric redshifts for the SERVS survey in which she has been involved since her PhD. Pforr will continue her outreach efforts within CANDELS and at NOAO.

SEAN D. POINTS, Associate Scientist

Research Interests Interstellar medium; Magellanic Clouds; evolved stars; astronomical instrumentation; data pipelines

FY13 Accomplishments Points continued his work calibrating the data obtained by the Magellanic Cloud Emission Line Survey (MCELS) with R. C. Smith and L. Paredes (NOAO/CTIO) and A. Rest (STScI). These data are in the process of having their final flux calibration determined, continuum-subtracted, and mosaicked. Points has been an active member of a team performing an X-ray survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) using the XMM-Newton satellite led by F. Haberl (MPE). This X-ray survey, in conjunction with

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MCELS data, has led to three peer-reviewed articles: (1) a multi-wavelength study of a new supernova remnant, MCSNR J0527-7104 in the Large Magellanic Cloud (PI: P. Kavanagh, University of Tuebingen; (2) an X-ray view of the N 206 superbubble in the LMC (PI: P. Kavanagh, University of Tuebingen); and (3) a multi-wavelength study of the DEM L 205 region that confirms the object as a supernova remnant (PI: P. Maggi, MPE).

FY14 Plans Points plans to continue his work in obtaining the final flux calibration of the MCELS data set in FY14 and his collaboration with Haberl in determining the physical properties of supernova remnants in the LMC. Points also will work with L. Paredes and P. F. Winkler (Middlebury College) in examining selected MCELS fields containing previously identified LMC planetary nebulae (PNe). They will use these data to determine color-color diagnostics that may be used to identify previously unknown PNe in the LMC.

STEPHEN POMPEA, Scientist (Head of Program, EPO)

Research Interests Inquiry- and research-based science education; science identity formation; astronomical instrumentation; illumination engineering

FY13 Accomplishments Pompea continued his research work with REU students on spectral characteristics of LED lighting and his work on spectrally selective surfaces for stray light control. He served this year as founding chair of the Thirty Meter Telescope Workforce, Education, and Public Outreach Advisory Group with members from the US, Canada, India, Japan, China, University of California, Caltech, and the Moore Foundation. Pompea served on the LSST National Outreach Advisory Board, the advisory board of the Harbour School in Hong Kong, and the advisory board of the Arizona Optics Industry Association (where he also served as Education Chair). Pompea was a judge/reviewer for the American Association for the Ad- vancement of Science (AAS) Science Prize for Inquiry-Based Instruction and a Fellow of both the Opti- cal Society of America and SPIE–The International Society for Optics and Photonics. Pompea is the co- PI of the NSF ISE “Collaborative Research Project: STEAM: Integrating Art with Science to Build Sci- ence Identities among Girls” and a participant in NSF projects exploring science education with Native Americans.

FY14 Plans Pompea will continue his service work in science education and work to support the implementation of the Next Generation Science Standards in Arizona. He will continue to support various other national initiatives in science education, including work exploring how best to work with Native Americans in science education settings. He will continue his research work on the formation of science identities in middle school girls in support of Project STEAM and his research on high contrast/low stray light imaging and spectroscopic systems. Pompea will assist as needed in optimizing new and existing telescopes for better stray light performance and in protecting dark skies around observatories, as LED street lighting becomes more widespread.

RONALD G. PROBST, Scientist

Research Interests Infrared instrumentation for large telescopes; star formation; telescope image quality improvement

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FY13 Accomplishments Probst, together with G. Stringfellow (University of Colorado), continued an observational program “variability studies of protostars and young stellar objects in star forming regions,” with the WIYN 0.9-m telescope on Kitt Peak. Probst was a co-investigator on several NEWFIRM programs on the Mayall 4-m telescope, advising on instrument performance and optimal observing strategies. He served as an external reviewer for proposals to CONICYT-Chile in the areas of instrument and observatory development. He also consulted for CONICYT on the instrument-building capabilities of two major Chilean university groups.

FY14 Plans Probst will wrap up his multi-year, WIYN 0.9-m telescope program (above) coincident with NOAO’s withdrawal from the WIYN consortium. He will be a co-investigator on several NEWFIRM programs focused on (i) young stellar objects, and (ii) galaxy evolution at high redshift. He expects to continue to serve as a reviewer for proposals to CONICYT.

JAYADEV RAJAGOPAL, Assistant Scientist

Research Interests Circumstellar dust disks; high angular resolution techniques in optical/infrared; wide-field imaging of asteroids and comets

FY13 Accomplishments Rajagopal finished a mini-survey of circumbinary dust around post-AGB stars to establish the size (at the milliarcsecond scales) of and search for asymmetry in the compact dust present in these Planetary Nebu- lae pre-cursor systems. He collaborated with Stephen Ridgway (NOAO) and used the CHARA interferometric array on Mt. Wilson for this program. He started a project with D. Jewitt (University of California, Los Angeles) and Susan Ridgway (NOAO) to image Active Asteroids (asteroids that show commae and tails, indicating mass loss), using the high-resolution, wide-field imaging capability of the newly commissioned One Degree Imager (ODI) at the WIYN telescope.

FY14 Plans Rajagopal plans on completing the Active Asteroid pilot program. He also aims to make progress on an associated asteroid survey project that will use wide-field images from ODI and the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) on the Blanco 4-m at CTIO. The program seeks to obtain very deep images, to search for pervasive, low-level mass loss from Main Belt asteroids. Rajagopal will continue to serve as Conference Chair for the biennial optical/IR interferometry meeting of the SPIE (part of the Astronomical Telescopes and Instrumentation forum), with the next meeting being in Montreal in June 2014.

STEPHEN T. RIDGWAY, Astronomer

Research Interests LSST survey design and follow-up; stellar physics and exoplanetary systems; transients and variables; high contrast imaging; high angular resolution techniques

FY13 Accomplishments Ridgway worked with the LSST Operations Simulator group on simulator development and on post- processing design and algorithms, including implementation of a prototype Analyzer for the post- processing Framework. He contributed material on LSST operations requirements and use cases to the LSST Joint Technical Meeting. He participated in the NOAO LSST science working group in various activities including planning for alert broker design and prototyping and in developing plans for NOAO

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in the lead-in to and during the LSST era. Ridgway completed a report on the group’s studies of the variable sky as seen in synoptic surveys, and designed and populated a group website. Ridgway concentrated his personal research activities in the area of optical interferometry, primarily with collaborators at the Center for High Angular Resolution Astronomy (CHARA) observatory, with publications in Astrophysi- cal Journal and Astronomy and Astrophysics. He began service on a NASA Technical Advisory Panel for the Astrophysics Focused Telescope Assets Coronagraph, and continues to serve on the Meudon Ob- servatory Haut Comité Scientifique.

FY14 Plans Ridgway will continue to work with the LSST Operations Simulator group and the NOAO LSST science working group, developing and implementing transition plans for NOAO LSST activities. He will continue his research with optical interferometry, and as a collaborator in the Phase I adaptive optics implementation at the CHARA interferometer.

SUSAN RIDGWAY, Assistant Astronomer

Research Interests High redshift AGN and their host galaxies; populations of obscured AGNs; the formation and evolution of galaxies and the supermassive black hole (SMBH) population

FY13 Accomplishments Ridgway, with collaborator M. Lacy (NRAO) and others, used mid-infrared selection techniques and follow-up spectroscopy in the optical and near-infrared to build up a unique sample of quasars, selected on a mostly isotropic property (24 micron flux). In the 90% complete sample, there are about 500 confirmed AGN (at both Seyfert and quasar luminosities) at redshifts from 0 to 4. Having accumulated a significant sample of obscured and unobscured quasars, Ridgway and collaborators studied the redshift- luminosity distribution of these classes of AGN and derived AGN luminosity functions for these previously unobservable classes of quasars. Mid-infrared selection allows derivation and comparison of luminosity functions for classes of AGN (half of which are of quasar luminosity) much less affected by dust obscuration than ever before possible. At low redshift and at low luminosity, they find many more AGNs than seen in X-ray selected AGN surveys. The obscured fraction of AGN decreases with increasing luminosity, but is still about 0.5 at high redshifts. Obscured quasars seem to have a peak in space density at higher redshifts than the unobscured quasars. This work was presented at conferences, and the data paper including all details of the sample was published in ApJS. The paper detailing the quasar luminosity function results is in draft form for submission to ApJ. In collaboration with J. Rajagopal (NOAO) and D. Jewitt (UCLA), Ridgway analyzed images of “active asteroids” (also called “main belt comets”) taken with pODI at the WIYN telescope. Active asteroids are main-belt asteroids that show evidence of comet-like comae or tails, and understanding the nature of this activity has important implications for theories of solar system formation. Images of the active asteroid MBC P/2010 A2 show that the linear tail extends a spectacular 15 arcmin (~1 million km) from the nucleus. The collaborators derived a radial profile that extends at three times that previously observed with more limited FOV optical and space-based imaging, allowing them to make a more complete assessment of the total mass of dust debris in the tail.

FY14 Plans Ridgway plans to use the assembled sample of mid-infrared selected quasars to study the active quasar duty cycle by assessing the fraction of galaxies from the Warm Spitzer IRAC mission medium-depth survey, Spitzer Extragalactic Representative Volume (SERVS), that are currently active. This will allow determinations of how quasar luminosity functions are affected over cosmic time by the phases of AGN

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activity as well as understanding how the host galaxy properties are related to AGN activity in these samples. Ridgway plans to further the science goal of making a more complete AGN census, by assessing the ways in which the mid-infrared selected sample may be lacking. With collaborators M. Lacy and E. Gates (Lick Observatory), Ridgway will continue to participate in following up bright, dust-obscured quasar candidates spectroscopically to fill in the high luminosity portion of the redshift luminosity diagram. In addition, these samples are incomplete at high redshift, and Ridgway will pursue more near- infrared spectroscopy of targets that are too obscured and faint to be identified from the optical spectroscopy alone—it is expected that the majority of these unidentified targets may be at high redshift. Ridgway plans to extend her quasar host galaxy studies to the high redshift obscured quasars with both ground-based AO imaging and HST imaging using the new GeMS/GSAOI instrumentation where possible. In addition, Ridgway will add mid-infrared data to extend previously completed clustering studies of the fields of z ~ 1 AGN to these new samples of obscured AGN to understand the relationship between environment and AGN type and luminosity. Ridgway will continue to participate in studies of active asteroid fields with the large FOV pODI camera at WIYN and hopes to contribute to the other primary goal: to determine what the average level of activity in the background asteroid population might be, as well as study the evolution of the activity in the known active asteroids that are serving as the primary targets.

ABHIJIT SAHA, Astronomer

Research Interests Stellar populations; extragalactic distance scale; RR Lyrae stars, Cepheids, and long period pulsating variables; photometric innovations; Magellanic Clouds; Galactic Bulge

FY13 Accomplishments Saha led a team of collaborators at NOAO, Steward Observatory, University of Arizona Lunar and Planetary Laboratory (LPL), Harvard, and Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) to calibrate 17th magnitude DA white dwarfs as standard spectral energy distribution (SED) sources, using both, photometry above the atmosphere with HST, and spectroscopy with Gemini. Such standards are necessary for the calibration of current and future surveys that seek to characterize dark energy. Most data acquisition took place in the last several months of FY13, and analysis is in progress, with first results imminent. Saha also leads a project to do a variability analysis of stars in the Galactic bulge using DECam. Data acquisition for this project is complete, analysis is in progress, and several hundred variable stars per square degree between 16th and 23rd mag are apparent. Saha also continued work on the NOAO “Outer Limits” survey data, investigating the structure and formation of the two Magellanic Clouds, as well as testing hypotheses for the formation of the tidal features associated with them. Work on the photometry of stars in nearby dwarf galaxies obtained with HST using special filters in the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) progressed with the goal to derive the metallicity distribution function in these galaxies.

FY14 Plans Saha will continue to focus on the analysis of the white dwarf data to establish a set of nine equatorial standard stars as SED standards calibrated by a procedure free from any systematic anomalies in the terrestrial atmosphere. The Galactic bulge variability project will identify faint variables and transients as well as get multi-color light curves of the RR Lyrae stars to obtain improved dust maps, which in turn will allow the construction of extinction-corrected Hess diagrams. Analysis of the Hess diagrams will then highlight differences in stellar populations between the dynamical distinct components near the Ga- lactic center, i.e., between the bar, the X-shaped structure, the ellipsoidal bulge component, and the disk in the central vicinity, informing the modeling of how these structures were formed. Saha will continue

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his activities in the SMASH collaboration, which is a collaborative imaging survey of the regions around the Magellanic Clouds with DECam. This study extends the goals of the “Outer Limits” survey.

COLETTE SALYK, Research Associate (Leo Goldberg Fellow)

Research Interests Protoplanetary disks; chemistry and physics of star and planet formation; infrared and millimeter spectroscopy

FY13 Accomplishments Salyk continued her study of the chemistry and physics of protoplanetary disks. With collaborator G. Herczeg (Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics at Peking University) and others, she published a paper in the Astrophysical Journal introducing a new spectroscopic tracer of disk evolution. She also co-authored six additional papers studying protoplanetary disk evolution and chemistry that were published in Astronomy & Astrophysics, Astrophysical Journal, and Nature. Salyk was a contributor to a review article about chemistry in planet-forming regions for Protostars and Planets VI, and represented her team at the 2013 meeting in Heidelberg, Germany. She also presented invited talks at the Origins of Solar Systems Gordon Conference and at the American Astronomical Society (AAS) January meeting. Salyk completed observing time with the Phoenix spectrograph at Kitt Peak in December 2012, and was co-author on four accepted observing proposals for the use of the TEXES spectrograph on Gemini North. Salyk was also a member of the NOAO Galactic TAC.

FY14 Plans Salyk will continue her study of protoplanetary disks. She expects to publish a paper highlighting new images of a disk obtained with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array. She is continuing analysis of observations of water vapor in disks obtained with a range of spectroscopic facilities, including Keck- NIRSPEC, Gemini-TEXES, Spitzer-IRS, and Herschel-PACS. She will present some of this work at the AAS in January 2014. Salyk will continue as a member of the NOAO TAC.

RICHARD A. SHAW, Scientist

Research Interests Late stages of stellar evolution; planetary nebulae; Magellanic Clouds; astrophysical plasmas; variable and transient phenomena; astronomical software and data standards; processing, archiving, and analysis of massive data sets

FY13 Accomplishments Shaw and collaborators A. Garcia Hernandez (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias), L. Stanghellini (NOAO), and others studied mechanisms for fullerene (C60, C70) formation in a variety of planetary nebulae (PNe). Based on Spitzer spectra of PNe in the Galactic disk, and narrow-band images obtained of NGC 2346 with GeMS/GSAOI on Gemini South, they explored the nature and evolution of dust grains and clumps of molecular gas. Shaw and collaborators Q. Parker and others (Macquarie University) obtained HST images of a new PN in a distant Galactic cluster, which will help to constrain the total stellar mass lost during AGB evolution. Shaw, with collaborators R. Dufour (Rice University), R. Henry (Oklahoma University), B. Balick (University of Washington) and K. Kwitter (Williams College), obtained long-slit spectroscopy with the Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) on HST of ten Ga- lactic PNe to conduct a detailed study of abundances and interstellar medium enrichment mechanisms.

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FY14 Plans Shaw, with PI L. Stanghellini (NOAO) and others, will finish analyzing an extensive imaging and IR spectroscopic survey of angularly small Galactic PNe. They are collaborating with T.-H. Lee (Western Kentucky University) to analyze deep optical spectra of these nebulae. These spectra, along with new HST images and Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph spectra will allow them to understand the earliest phase of PN evolution and, in particular, explore alpha-element yields in low-mass PN progenitors. Shaw, with R. Henry (Oklahoma University) and B. Balick (University of Washington), will model ionization stratifica- tion within PNe that they observed with HST/STIS to test the applicability of 1-D photoionization codes to real nebulae.

DAVID SILVA, Senior Scientist (Director, NOAO)

Research Interests Formation and evolution of early-type galaxies; extragalactic stellar populations; host stars of exoplanets; observatory operations; end-to-end data management systems

FY13 Accomplishments Everett, Howell, Silva, and Szkody (2013, ApJ, 771, 107) argued that the sizes of most exoplanet candidates discovered by Kepler must be revised upward, in some cases by 35% or larger. Everett et al. also confirmed that exoplanet candidates larger than Neptune were preferentially found around solar-metal or metal-rich stars. Silva remains part of a European collaboration to construct the X-Shooter Spectral Li- brary (XSL), a moderate resolution (R ~ 10,000), wide-wavelength (0.3–2.4 μm) digital stellar library broadly covering TZG parameter space. The first refereed paper from this collaboration was accepted and will appear in Astronomy & Astrophysics in early 2014.

FY14 Plans Data collection will continue for the XSL and Kepler follow-up programs described above. Silva also plans to finish a long-term project with R. Hanuschik (ESO)—the publication of a digital library of high spectral resolving power (R ~ 40,000), wide-band (0.35–1.1 μm) spectra obtained with the Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph on the Very Large Telescope for more than 300 Next Generation Spec- tral Library stars previously observed at low spectral resolving power with HST Space Telescope Imag- ing Spectrograph. As time permits, Silva also aspires to complete a paper describing the radial behavior of near-IR spectral features in early-type galaxies within the Fornax galaxy cluster (with H. Kuntscher, ESO, and others). Finally, Silva is participating in a study of the stellar populations and dynamics of nu- cleated early-type galaxies in the Virgo galaxy cluster. Data acquisition will begin in earnest during FY14.

MALCOLM SMITH, Astronomer (half-time)

Research Interests Global environmental impact of light pollution; Galaxy and quasar formation and evolution

FY13 Accomplishments Smith’s follow-through in support of a team effort, using AURA-O as an Extended Case Study for the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS), and the IAU, (see last year’s “FY13 Plans”), helped move the Chil- ean government to consider the team’s proposal for Chile to lead development of a tri-national bid (by Chile, Spain, and the US) to UNESCO to recognize the major observatories in northern Chile, the Canary Islands, and Hawaii—and their dark skies—as being of world scientific heritage value. Smith contributed an invited chapter (a scientist’s perspective) to the Spanish-language book series (Vol. 2) on the history

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of Vicuña’s culture. Smith was an invited reviewer of the Prociencia Theme Park opening conference in Chivilcoy, Argentina. Smith was elected by IAU Division B members to be one of six at-large members of the Division B Steering Committee.

FY14 Plans Smith will help move (with International Dark Sky Association support) toward the production of nor- ma-compliant “astronomy friendly” LEDs that can be demonstrated in northern Chile. He will move to obtain IAU Division B support for work through the new ICOMOS/IAU International Scientific Com- mittee on Astronomical Heritage in its effort to support a “Serial Nomination” to UNESCO that includes the observatories in northern Chile.

R. CHRIS SMITH, Astronomer (AURA Head of Mission in Chile)

Research Interests Supernovae; dark energy; optical transients; supernova remnants; the interstellar medium

FY13 Accomplishments During FY13, Smith transitioned from holding both the CTIO directorship as well as the position of AURA Head of Mission to only focusing on the AURA position. At the same time, he followed through on his participation in the Dark Energy Survey (DES), attending two collaboration meetings and participating in the development of the DES supernova survey and refinement of the details of the supernova discovery and followup aspects of the survey. Smith continued his work on studies of supernova remnants, both in our Galaxy and in the Magellanic Clouds. Together with S. Points and S. Heathcote (NOAO), Smith co-mentored two REU students during the January–March period. One student (B. Chinn) made excellent progress on the study of a bubble in the Vela supernova remnant, an investigation that will be presented by Chinn at the Janu- ary 2014 AAS. The team hopes to publish the result in FY14. Smith continued to support the study of light echoes of Galactic supernovae discovered by a large-scale observational project targeted mostly at young, Galactic supernova remnants (Rest et al. 2008, ApJL; Rest et al. 2011, ApJ). Further work on the Magellanic Cloud Emission Line Survey (MCELS) continued, with a research assistant (L. Paredes) working part time on the final MCELS data in collaboration with S. Points and A. Rest (STScI).

FY14 Plans Although FY13 turned out to be a busy year as AURA Head of Mission, Smith looks forward to having additional time to dedicate to scientific research in the coming years. With the DES initiating its survey observations, he looks forward to fully engaging in the survey operations and, in particular, the analysis of the supernovae that will be discovered as part of the survey. Smith will continue his participation in other NOAO survey projects. He will continue to participate in the search for light echoes from ancient supernovae, in particular in our own Galaxy, using the newly available DECam to cover more area faster, thus improving the possibilities of discovering these faint echos in the confused regions of the Galactic plane. He plans to push forward in mining the MCELS data set, extracting new samples of supernova remnants and planetary nebulae, and investigating the evolution of these objects. Smith also is participating in the supernova working group of the LSST Project and the planning for various aspects of LSST data management.

VERNE V. SMITH, Astronomer (Associate Director for NSSC)

Research Interests High-resolution spectroscopy; cosmochemistry; nuclear astrophysics; chemical evolution; stellar populations; stellar atmospheres; stellar evolution

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FY13 Accomplishments Smith continued to work extensively on the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) III program, “Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE).” He led the first chemical abundance analysis of a small sample of field red giants to test the potential of the APOGEE spectral linelist as a spectroscopic tool to be used in future abundance analyses. He was a co-author on some early APOGEE projects involving the velocity curve of the Milky Way, as well as the analysis of metal-poor red giants within the inner volume of the Milky Way bulge. Smith also was co-author on a number of studies of planet-hosting stars that involved determining accurate stellar parameters, or the careful analysis of carbon-to-oxygen ratios, which can play a role in the types of planets that may form around a parent star. He continued more general studies of abundances within populations of the Milky Way as a probe of substructure in the Galactic halo, as well as chemical evolution within the Large Magellanic Cloud. Smith continued to work on stellar rotation and lithium in red giant branch stars to study the possibility of substellar mass accretion onto red giants as they evolve up the giant branch.

FY14 Plans Smith will continue to spend a significant fraction of his research time working on APOGEE, with the plan being to lead much of the work in deriving chemical abundances in open and globular clusters that will be used to test the derived abundances generated by the APOGEE analysis pipeline. He will continue to vigorously pursue research on correlating detailed stellar chemistry in planet-hosting stars with their planetary-system architectures, with much of this work being in the Kepler field. Smith will be working with a graduate student at the University of Arizona on some of the planet-hosting stars topics, as well as a postdoctoral fellow at the Carnegie Institute Department of Terrestrial Magnetism. Smith will continue to pursue chemical studies of candidate tidal streams throughout the volume of the Milky Way, which may be the remnants of accreted small galaxies; detailed chemical abundance distributions can be used to trace the ancestry of such streams to provide clues to their origins and parent objects.

DAVID SPRAYBERRY, Senior Scientist

Research Interests Instrument development and construction; technology development; galaxy population statistics and evolution; large-scale structure of the Universe

FY13 Accomplishments Sprayberry served as a member of the review panel for the management and cost review of the Thirty Meter Telescope Project in February 2013. In November 2012, he completed an intensive five-day training program on project management for large, science research facilities. The majority of Sprayberry’s time in FY13 was consumed by program-related activity as the Head of Program for the NOAO System Technology Center.

FY14 Plans Sprayberry expects to be fully committed to program-related activities during FY14, apart from infre- quent external service activities as requested.

LETIZIA STANGHELLINI, Associate Astronomer

Research Interests Stellar structure and evolution; Galactic and extragalactic planetary nebulae (PNe); stellar populations

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FY13 Accomplishments Stanghellini, L. Magrini (Arcetri), and collaborators submitted an ApJ paper on the radial metallicity gradients in M81 through the analysis of emission-line targets observed with Gemini/GMOS. They confirmed that gradients are shallow for both PNe and H II regions, and found a mild steepening of the gradient with time, which supports an inside-out formation with enhanced feedback of the galactic disk. Stanghellini is writing a paper on the metallicity structure of the Galactic disk through PNe, including a study of the thick/thin disk boundary. During the Gemini/GSAOI system verification, Stanghellini, R. Shaw (NOAO), and collaborators acquired the image of NGC 2346 through the narrow-band H2 filter, obtaining the highest spatial resolution image of a PN to date. Stanghellini reviewed the UV emission from PNe in a talk at STScI.

FY14 Plans Stanghellini and Magrini have acquired GMOS narrow-band images and emission-line target spectra of two spiral galaxies in Sculptor and plan to analyze the data to determine radial metallicity gradients, and possible gradient evolution, in these galaxies. This project is part of a large study of chemical patterns in spiral galaxies through emission-line probes. Stanghellini, Shaw, and collaborators will continue working on the GSAOI images of Galactic PNe to infer the evolution of the shock fronts and comparing models to the impressive diffraction-limit spatial resolution images. T.-H. Lee (WKU), Shaw, and Stanghellini are observing Galactic PNe with SOAR and, together with the IR spectra available from Spitzer, will determine the PN abundances, doubling the sample size of metallicity probes available to date. Stanghellini, as Chair of the IAU PN Working Group, plans to submit a proposal for the next IAU Symposium on planetary nebulae, to be held in 2016.

STEPHEN STROM, Astronomer Emeritus

ANDREI TOKOVININ, Astronomer

Research Interests Statistics and formation of binary and multiple stars; adaptive optics; site testing

FY13 Accomplishments Tokovinin led observing programs on multiple stars at Gemini South (resolved astrometric binaries, 2013 AJ, 146, 8), at the Palomar Robo-Adaptive Optics (AO) system (imaging of 595 targets, paper in preparation), and speckle interferometry at SOAR (536 new measures of close pairs, several discoveries, new orbits). The database on 5000 solar-type stars within 67 pc is assembled, revealing that 15% of systems have 3 or more companions and at least 4% are 2+2 quadruples (paper in preparation, presentation at “Protostars and Planets VI”). Engineering data obtained during commissioning of the SOAR Adaptive Module produced its first science paper (Fraga et al. 2013 AJ, 145, 165).

FY14 Plans The statistical analysis of multiplicity within 67 pc will be finalized and published. Speckle interferometry at SOAR will be continued in parallel with the publication of existing data. Several new observational programs on multiple stars will be started using the SOAR Adaptive Module (which will be fully commissioned) and other facilities.

FRANCISCO VALDES, Scientist

Research Interests Cosmology; gravitational lensing; stellar spectroscopy; search for solar system objects; astronomical software

113 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

FY13 Accomplishments During FY13, Valdes was primarily involved with pipelines for the NOAO Dark Energy Camera (DECam) and the WIYN One Degree Imager (ODI). He was the NOAO Pipeline Scientist for DECam, shaping the development of a Community Pipeline by the Dark Energy Survey Collaboration. The first Community Pipeline operational system was installed and deployed during this period.. Valdes was a lead in the pipeline to be developed for ODI. He was involved with the development of the DESI (formally known as BigBOSS) pipeline proposal. Valdes received the AURA Innovation Award for his work with DECam as well as past work in NOAO data management software. Valdes was a co-I on three DECam proposals and developed procedures for finding moving objects in one of those programs.

FY14 Plans Valdes will continue with his responsibilities as the NOAO Pipeline Scientist. In FY14, he will continue improvements to the DECam Community Pipeline and complete a final ODI pipeline for the smaller and larger focal plane versions. Valdes will provide support in data acquisition and data reductions for the new Blanco and Mayall spectrometers, COSMOS and KOSMOS, respectively. His research time will involve the DECam survey programs. He also plans to provide several IRAF improvements, including extended functionality with spectroscopy data and release of a major cataloging package.

NICOLE VAN DER BLIEK, Scientist (Interim Associate Director for NOAO South)

Research Interests Instrumentation; young stars; and cool stars

FY13 Accomplishments Van der Bliek became interim associate director for NOAO South in FY13, which left a minimal amount of time to pursue other than her management duties. That time was focused on ongoing projects to study the multiplicity of Herbig Ae/Be stars and the immediate surroundings of some of these multiple systems. These projects are collaborations with B. Rodgers (Gemini Observatory) and S. Thomas (Lick Ob- servatory). Van der Bliek also continued the study of two star formation regions, Musca and the Witch Head Nebula, IC2118, with T.Prusti (ESTEC/ESA), L. Spezzi (ESO), and S. Vincente (University of Groningen).

FY14 Plans During the first four months of FY14, van der Bliek will continue to be the interim associate director for NOAO South and CTIO director, after which she will resume her role as deputy director of CTIO. Her scientific efforts will continue to be focused on Herbig Ae/Be stars multiplicity and the surroundings of these multiple systems. Van der Bliek also will continue to pursue the research with T. Prusti, L. Spezzi and S. Vicente on the two star forming regions Musca and IC 2118, for which optical and near-infrared data have been obtained.

ALISTAIR R. WALKER, Astronomer

Research Interests Stellar populations; the Magellanic Clouds; the distance scale; astronomical instrumentation

FY13 Accomplishments Walker’s program duties as Instrument Scientist for the Dark Energy Camera (DECam) on the CTIO Blanco telescope consumed all of his reportable time. He had a leadership role in DECam commissioning, science verification, and the support of early observations by both community observers and the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Collaboration. Outside of that time, Walker was an author on several publi-

114 NOAO KEY MANAGEMENT & SCIENTIFIC STAFF ACTIVITY

cations relating to the study of variable stars, chiefly RR Lyrae variables, in globular clusters in the Gal- axy and the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC), and in the Carina dwarf spheroidal galaxy. The variable stars are of considerable value in deciphering the early evolution of the systems that contain them. Two papers, with Principal Investigator K. Ulaczyk (Warsaw University Observatory, Poland) based on OGLE-III shallow survey data, were published. In particular, a complete sample of the brighter LMC Cepheids was accurately measured for the first time at optical wavelengths. Walker is president of IAU Commission 25, Photometry and Polarimetry.

FY14 Plans Walker is a member of the DES Collaboration with particular interest in galactic structure and nearby, faint, low surface-brightness galaxies that are expected to be discovered in large numbers with DECam. As a member of the DES working group on Milky Way studies, Walker will participate in the analysis and interpretation of the first year of DES stellar observations. He also is a team member (PI D. Nidever, University of Michigan) of a project to study the structure and star formation history of the Magellanic Clouds using DECam on the Blanco 4-m telescope. First observations for this long-term NOAO Survey project are expected in FY14. Walker will continue the analysis of CCD photometry for a number of galactic globular clusters, concentrating on the analysis of the light curves of the variable stars, collaborating on this and associated studies with A. Kunder (MPI-Potsdam, Germany), G. Bono (Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy), M. Monelli and C. Gallart (Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, Spain), P. Stet- son (Herzberg Institute of Astrophysics, Canada), and others.

CONSTANCE E. WALKER, Associate Scientist

Research Interests Development of educational activities research projects and best pedagogical practices related to dark skies preservation issues; monitoring and modeling sources of light pollution locally and near observatories

FY13 Accomplishments Walker’s external efforts were devoted primarily to dark skies education with some research. She again chaired the Dark Skies Awareness Programs for Global Astronomy Month, carrying on the programmatic legacy of the Dark Skies Awareness Cornerstone for International Year of Astronomy 2009. One of these programs she co-managed with “The World at Night” was the 4th international Earth and Sky Photo Con- test. The contest winners were cited by MSNBC, Sky and Telescope (skyandtelescope.com), National Geographic Society, Astronomy Picture of the Day, and The Huffington Post. As chair of the Internation- al Dark-Sky Association (IDA) Education Committee, working with Loch Ness Productions, Walker was instrumental in bringing “Losing the Dark,” a fulldome and flatscreen video, to fruition. It has been translated into 11 languages (with 6 more in the works), has had 819 fulldome downloads, 1343 flatscreen downloads and 33,000 YouTube hits. Walker submitted 2 papers to IAU General Assembly conference proceedings from the session on light pollution that she (as Commission 50 vice president), R. Green (Commission 50 president), and two others co-chaired. As a member of the AAS Committee on Light Pollution, Radio Interference, and Space Debris and of IAU Commission 50, Walker organized a successful splinter session on light pollution issues along with Green and P. Seitzer (the committee’s chair). The success gave impetus to the AAS to create a new session category on this subject. Walker began preparations for another splinter session to be held in January 2014. Walker continued as vice president of the boards of directors for IDA and ASP and for IAU’s Protection of Existing and Potential Observatory Sites.

115 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

FY14 Plans Walker will continue to concentrate on educational outreach in Arizona and Chile, focusing on dark sky education programs and their improvements. She will also continue her research into monitoring light pollution in and around Tucson and the surrounding mountaintops.

LLOYD WALLACE, Astronomer Emeritus

Research Interests Planetary atmospheric structure; stellar atmospheres

FY13 Accomplishments With K. Hinkle (NOAO), Wallace completed an analysis of the frequencies of the secondary Magnesium isotopes 26 and 25 in the laboratory spectrum of MgH, in support of analyses of these lines in stellar spectra to obtain relative abundances. From the archival NSO Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) spectrum 1984/03/12#2, we obtained approximately 360 lines of both isotopes from six bands.

FY14 Plans Wallace will continue line-by-line identifications in the earth’s atmospheric spectrum in the region 1.1 to 5.4 microns, based on NSO FTS spectra obtained by W. Livingston (NSO).

SIDNEY WOLFF, Astronomer Emerita (President LSST Corporation)

Research Interests Star formation; evolution of disks around pre-main sequence stars; astronomy education research

FY13 Accomplishments Wolff’s efforts this past year were devoted entirely to the LSST Project. At its meeting in July 2012, the National Science Board authorized the NSF director to advance the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope to the final design stage. This action permits the NSF director to include funds for LSST construction in a future budget request. To be located in Chile, the LSST is a proposed 8-m wide-field survey telescope that will survey the entire sky approximately twice per week, delivering a large and comprehensive data set that will transform astronomical research.

FY14 Plans Wolff will complete the transfer of responsibility for leading the LSST Project to a new director, who was appointed effective 1 July 2013.

116

C NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS

NOAO Scientific Staff were authors and/or editors on a total of 181 publications in FY13.7

Abt, H.A. 2012, AJ, 144, 91, “Scientific Efficiency of Ground-Based Telescopes”

Abt, H.A. 2013, HAD Newsletter, 82, 11, “Stories about Astronomers”

Abt, H.A. 2013, HAD Newsletter, 83, 8, “More Stories about Astronomers”

Abt, H.A. 2013, Physics Today, 66, 11, “An Abundance of Challenges in Journal Editing”

Ahn, C.P., … Beers, T.C., et al. 2012, ApJS, 203, 21, “The Ninth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey”

Allen, D.M., … Beers, T.C., et al. 2012, A&A, 548, A34, “Elemental Abundances and Classification of Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars”

An, D., Beers, T.C., et al. 2013, ApJ, 763, 65, “The Stellar Metallicity Distribution Function of the Galactic Halo from SDSS Photometry”

Antonik, M.L., … Walker, A.R. 2013, MNRAS, 431, 3291, “The Impact of Camera Optical Alignments on Weak Lensing Measures for the Dark Energy Survey”

Aoki, W., Beers, T.C., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 13, “High-Resolution Spectroscopy of Extremely Metal- Poor Stars from SDSS/SEGUE. I. Atmospheric Parameters and Chemical Compositions”

Baines, E.K., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2012, ApJ, 761, 57, “The CHARA Array Angular Diameter of HR 8799 Favors Planetary Masses for Its Imaged Companions”

Baines, E.K., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2013, ApJ, 772, 16, “Characterization of the Red Giant HR 2582 Using the CHARA Array”

Ballard, S., … Everett, M.E., et al. 2013, ApJ, 773, 98, “Exoplanet Characterization by Proxy: A Transiting 2.15 R⊕ Planet near the Habitable Zone of the Late K Dwarf Kepler-61”

Barclay, T., … Everett, M., et al. 2013, Nature, 494, 452, “A Sub-Mercury-Sized Exoplanet”

7 Author Name in bold = NOAO Scientific Staff member; Author Name underlined = Undergraduate student in Research Experi- ences for Undergraduates (REU) program or Prácticas de Investigación en Astronomía (PIA) program

117 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

Barro, G., … Kartaltepe, J.S., et al. 2013, ApJ, 765, 104, “CANDELS: The Progenitors of Compact Quiescent Galaxies at z ~ 2”

Batalha, N.M., … Everett, M., et al. 2013, ApJS, 204, 24, “Planetary Candidates Observed by Kepler. III. Analysis of the First 16 Months of Data”

Ben-Ami, S., … Matheson, T., et al. 2012, ApJ, 760, L33, “Discovery and Early Multi-wavelength Measurements of the Energetic Type Ic Supernova PTF12gzk: A Massive-Star Explosion in a Dwarf Host Galaxy”

Benisty, M., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2013, A&A, 555, A113, “Enhanced Hα Activity at Periastron in the Young and Massive Spectroscopic Binary HD 200775”

Bergin, E.A., … Salyk, C., et al. 2013, Nature, 493, 644, “An Old Disk Still Capable of Forming a Planetary System”

Berry, M., … Beers, T.C., et al. 2012, ApJ, 757, 166, “The Milky Way Tomography with Sloan Digital Sky Survey. IV. Dissecting Dust”

Bian, F., … Dey, A., et al. 2012, ApJ, 757, 139, “An Ultraviolet Ultra-luminous Lyman Break Galaxy at z = 2.78 in NDWFS Boötes Field”

Bian, F., … Dey, A., et al. 2013, ApJ, 774, 28, “The LBT Boötes Field Survey. I. The Rest-Frame Ultraviolet and Near-Infrared Luminosity Functions and Clustering of Bright Lyman Break Galaxies at z ~ 3”

Borucki, W.J., … Everett, M.E., et al. 2013, Science, 340, 587, “Kepler-62: A Five-Planet System with Planets of 1.4 and 1.6 Earth Radii in the Habitable Zone”

Bovy, J., … Beers, T.C., et al. 2012, ApJ, 759, 131, “The Milky Way’s Circular-Velocity Curve between 4 and 14 kpc from APOGEE Data”

Boyajian, T.S., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2012, ApJ, 757, 112, “Stellar Diameters and Temperatures. II. Main-Sequence K- and M-Stars”

Boyajian, T.S., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2013, ApJ, 771, 40, “Stellar Diameters and Temperatures. III. Main-Sequence A, F, G, and K Stars: Additional High-Precision Measurements and Empirical Relations”

Boyer, M.L., … Olsen, K.A.G., et al. 2013, ApJ, 774, 83, “Is There a Metallicity Ceiling to Form Carbon Stars? – A Novel Technique Reveals a Scarcity of C Stars in the Inner M31 Disk”

Bragança, G.A, … Cunha, K., et al. 2012, AJ, 144, 130, “Projected Rotational Velocities and Stellar Characterization of 350 B Stars in the Nearby Galactic Disk”

118 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS

Brightman, M., … Kartaltepe, J., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 433, 2485, “A Statistical Relation between the X-ray Spectral Index and Eddington Ratio of Active Galactic Nuclei in Deep Surveys”

Brittain, S.D., Najita, J.R., et al. 2013, ApJ, 767, 159, “High-Resolution Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of HD 100546. II. Analysis of Variable Rovibrational CO Emission Lines”

Calanog, J.A., … Kartaltepe, J., et al. 2013, ApJ, 775, 61, “HerMES: The Far-Infrared Emission from Dust-Obscured Galaxies”

Carlberg, J.K., Cunha, K., Smith, V.V., Majewski, S.R. 2012, ApJ, 757, 109, “Observable Signatures of Planet Accretion in Red Giant Stars. I. Rapid Rotation and Light Element Replenishment”

Carlberg, J.K., Cunha, K., Smith, V.V., Majewski, S.R. 2013, AN, 334, 120, “Li-Enrichment in Red Giant Rapid Rotators: Planet Engulfment Versus Extra Mixing”

Carollo, D., Martell, S.L., Beers, T.C., Freeman, K.C. 2013, ApJ, 769, 87, “CN Anomalies in the Halo System and the Origin of Globular Clusters in the Milky Way”

Chen, C.-T.J., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2013, ApJ, 773, 3, “A Correlation between Star Formation Rate and Average Black Hole Accretion in Star-Forming Galaxies”

Cieza, L.A., … Najita, J., et al. 2013, ApJ, 762, 100, “The Herschel DIGIT Survey of Weak-Line T Tauri Stars: Implications for Disk Evolution and Dissipation”

Coppola, G., … Walker A.R. 2013, ApJ, 775, 6, “The Carina Project. VI. The Helium-Burning Variable Stars”

Crighton, N.H.M., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 433, 178, “A High Molecular Fraction in a Subdamped Absorber at z = 0.56”

Curtis-Lake, E., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 429, 302, “The Ages, Masses and Star Formation Rates of Spectroscopically Confirmed z ~ 6 Galaxies in CANDELS”

Dawson, K.S., … Pforr, J., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 10, “The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey of SDSS-III” de Boer, T.J.L., Tolstoy, E., Saha, A., Olszewski, E.W. 2013, A&A, 551, A103, “A New Study of Stellar Substructures in the Fornax Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy”

Del Moro, A., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2013, A&A, 549, A59, “GOODS-Herschel: Radio-Excess Signature of Hidden AGN Activity in Distant Star-Forming Galaxies”

Díaz-Santos, T., … Inami, H., et al. 2013, ApJ, 774, 68, “Explaining the [C II] 157.7 μm Deficit in Luminous Infrared Galaxies – First Results from a Herschel/PACS Study of the GOALS Sample”

119 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

Di Cecco, A., … Kunder, A., Walker, A.R. 2013, AJ, 145, 103, “On the Density Profile of the Globular Cluster M92”

DiPompeo, M.A., Runnoe, J.C., Myers, A.D., Boroson, T.A. 2013, ApJ, 774, 24, “Does Size Matter? The Underlying Intrinsic Size Distribution of Radio Sources and Implications for Unification by Orienta- tion”

Dunham, M.M., … Allen, L.E., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 94, “The Luminosities of Protostars in the Spitzer c2d and Gould Belt Legacy Clouds”

Espaillat, C., … Furlan, E., et al. 2013, ApJ, 762, 62, “Tracing High-Energy Radiation from T Tauri Stars Using Mid-infrared Neon Emission from Disks”

Everett, M.E., Howell, S.B., Silva, D.R., Szkody, P. 2013, ApJ, 771, 107, “Spectroscopy of Faint Kepler Mission Exoplanet Candidate Host Stars”

Faherty, J.K., … Mamajek, E.E., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 2, “2MASS J035523.37+113343.7: A Young, Dusty, Nearby, Isolated Brown Dwarf Resembling a Giant Exoplanet”

Fienberg, R.T., Arion, D.N., Pompea, S.M. 2013, ASP Conf. 473, eds. J. Barnes, et al. (ASP), 279, “Three Years After the IYA: An Update on the Galileoscope Project”

Finkelstein, S.L., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2012, ApJ, 758, 93, “CANDELS: The Contribution of the Observed Galaxy Population to Cosmic Reionization”

Fiorentino, G., … Saha, A., et al. 2013, IAU Symp. 289, ed. R. de Grijs (Cambridge), 282, “Ultralong- Period Cepheids: A Possible Primary Distance Indicator?”

Fiorenza, S.L., … Beers, T.C., et al. 2013, MmSAI, 84, 208, “Carbon Abundances from SDSS Globular Clusters: Exploring the Origin in the Large Spread in [C/Fe]”

Fischer, W.J., … Furlan, E., et al. 2013, AN, 334, 53, “Results from HOPS: A Multiwavelength Census of Orion Protostars”

Fraga, L., Kunder, A., Tokovinin, A. 2013, AJ, 145, 165, “SOAR Adaptive Optics Observations of the Globular Cluster NGC 6496”

Galametz, A., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2013, ApJS, 206, 10, “CANDELS Multiwavelength Catalogs: Source Identification and Photometry in the CANDELS UKIDSS Ultra-deep Survey Field”

García Pérez, A.E., … Smith, V.V., … Beers, T.C., et al. 2013, ApJ, 767, L9, “Very Metal-Poor Stars in the Outer Galactic Bulge Found by the APOGEE Survey”

120 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS

García-Hernández, D.A., … Stanghellini, L., Shaw, R.A., et al. 2012, ApJ, 760, 107, “Infrared Study of Fullerene Planetary Nebulae”

Garmany, K. 2013, ASP Conf. 473, eds. J. Barnes, et al. (ASP), 347, “The Priscilla and Bart Bok Award, presented by the ASP and the AAS at the Intel International Science and Engineering Fair”

Garmany, K. 2013, ASP Conf. 473, eds. J. Barnes, et al. (ASP), 73, “Suggestions from the Native American Community about Science/EPO Collaborations”

Giridhar, S., … Kunder, A., et al. 2013, A&A, 556, A121, “Identification of Metal-Poor Stars Using the Artificial Neural Network”

Gobat, R., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2012, ApJ, 759, L44, “The Early Early Type: Discovery of a Passive Galaxy at zspec ~ 3”

Gómez, F.A., … Beers, T.C., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 429, 159, “Vertical Density Waves in the Milky Way Disc Induced by the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy”

Grazian, A., … Dickinson, M.E., et al. 2012, A&A, 547, A51, “The Size-Luminosity Relation at z = 7 in CANDELS and Its Implication on Reionization”

Green, J.D., … Salyk, C., et al. 2013, ApJ, 770, 123, “Embedded Protostars in the Dust, Ice, and Gas In Time (DIGIT) Herschel Key Program: Continuum SEDs, and an Inventory of Characteristic Far-Infrared Lines from PACS Spectroscopy”

Günther, H.M., … Allen, L., et al. 2012, AJ, 144, 101, “IRAS 20050+2720: Anatomy of a Young Stellar Cluster”

Guo, Y., … Dickinson, M.E., et al. 2013, ApJS, 207, 24, “CANDELS Multi-wavelength Catalogs: Source Detection and Photometry in the GOODS-South Field”

Haan, S., … Inami, H., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 434, 1264, “The Build-Up of Nuclear Stellar Cusps in Extreme Starburst Galaxies and Major Mergers”

Harrison, C.M., … Dickinson, M., … Kartaltepe, J., et al. 2012, ApJ, 760, L15, “No Clear Submillimeter Signature of Suppressed Star Formation among X-ray Luminous Active Galactic Nuclei”

Hathi, N.P., … Saha, A., … Walker, A.R., et al. 2013, ApJ, 765, 88, “Stellar Populations of Lyman Break Galaxies at z ≃ 1–3 in the HST/WFC3 Early Release Science Observations”

Hattori, K., … Beers, T.C., et al. 2013, ApJ, 763, L17, “Very Metal-Poor Outer-Halo Stars with Round Orbits”

121 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

Hinkle, K.H., Fekel, F.C., Joyce, R.R., Wood, P. 2013, ApJ, 770, 28, “Infrared Spectroscopy of Symbiotic Stars. IX. D-Type Symbiotic Novae”

Hinkle, K.H., Wallace, L., et al. 2013, ApJS, 207, 26, “The Magnesium Isotopologues of MgH in the A 2Π-X 2Σ+ System”

Hopkins, A.M., … De Propris, R., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 430, 2047, “Galaxy and Mass Assembly (GAMA): Spectroscopic Analysis”

Horch, E.P., Howell, S.B., Everett, M.E., Ciardi, D.R. 2012, AJ, 144, 165, “Observations of Binary Stars with the Differential Speckle Survey Instrument. IV. Observations of Kepler, CoRoT, and Hipparcos Stars from the Gemini North Telescope”

Howell, S.B., Everett, M.E., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 109, “Spectroscopy of New and Poorly Known Cataclysmic Variables in the Kepler Field”

Howell, S.B., Horch, E.P., Everett, M.E., Ciardi, D.R. 2012, PASP, 124, 1124, “Speckle Camera Imaging of the Planet Pluto”

Hsu, W.-H., … Allen, L., et al. 2013, ApJ, 764, 114, “Evidence for Environmental Dependence of the Upper Stellar Initial Mass Function in Orion A”

Ilbert, O., … Kartaltepe, J., et al. 2013, A&A, 556, A55, “Mass Assembly in Quiescent and Star- Forming Galaxies since z ≃ 4 from UltraVISTA”

Ito, H., … Beers, T.C., et al. 2013, ApJ, 773, 33, “Chemical Analysis of the Ninth Magnitude Carbon- Enhanced Metal-Poor Star BD+44°493”

Jacoby, G.H., … Kaplan, E., et al. 2013, ApJ, 769, 10, “A Survey for Planetary Nebulae in M31 Globular Clusters”

James, D.J. 2013, PASP, 125, 1087, “A Digital Low Dispersion Spectral Library Covering the 3500– 7500 Å Region Using the SAAO Radcliffe 1.9m Telescope’s Cassegrain Spectrograph”

Johnson, C.I., … Kunder, A., … De Propris, R. 2013, AJ, 765, 157, “Metallicity Distribution Functions, Radial Velocities, and Alpha Element Abundances in Three Off-Axis Bulge Fields”

Juneau, S., Dickinson, M., … Kartaltepe, J.S., et al. 2013, ApJ, 764, 176, “Widespread and Hidden Active Galactic Nuclei in Star-Forming Galaxies at Redshift >0.3”

Kampczyk, P., … Kartaltepe, J., et al. 2013, ApJ, 762, 43, “Environmental Effects in the Interaction and Merging of Galaxies in zCOSMOS”

122 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS

Kavanagh, P.J., … Points, S.D., et al. 2013, A&A, 549, A99, “Multiwavelength Study of the Newly Confirmed Supernova Remnant MCSNR J0527-7104 in the Large Magellanic Cloud”

Kavanagh, P.J., Sasaki, M., Points, S.D. 2012, A&A, 547, A19, “XMM-Newton View of the N 206 Superbubble in the Large Magellanic Cloud”

Kim, K.H., … Najita, J., Furlan, E., et al. 2013, ApJ, 769, 149, “Transitional Disks and Their Origins: An Infrared Spectroscopic Survey of Orion A”

Kirkpatrick, A., … Dickinson, M., … Kartaltepe, J., et al. 2012, ApJ, 759, 139, “GOODS-Herschel: Impact of Active Galactic Nuclei and Star Formation Activity on Infrared Spectral Energy Distributions at High Redshift”

Kirkpatrick, A., … Dickinson, M., Kartaltepe, J., et al. 2013, ApJ, 763, 123, “GOODS-Herschel: Separating High-Redshift Active Galactic Nuclei and Star-Forming Galaxies Using Infrared Color Diag- nostics”

Kornilov, V., … Tokovinin, A., et al. 2012, A&A, 546, A41, “Comparison of the Scintillation Noise above Different Observatories Measured with MASS Instruments”

Kruger, A.J., … Najita, J.R., et al. 2012, ApJ, 760, 88, “Gas and Dust Absorption in the DoAr 24E System”

Kruger, A.J., … Najita, J.R., et al. 2013, ApJ, 764, 127, “The Curious Case of Glass I: High Ionization and Variability of Different Types”

Kuehn, C.A., … Walker, A.R., Kunder, A., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 160, “Variable Stars in Large Magellanic Cloud Globular Clusters III: Reticulum”

Kuehn, K., … Walker, A., et al. 2013, PASP, 125, 409, “PreCam: A Precursor Observational Campaign for Calibration of the Dark Energy Survey”

Kunder, A., … Walker A.R., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 33, “Variable Stars in the Globular Cluster NGC 2808”

Kunder, A., … De Propris, R., Walker, A., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 25, “The Horizontal Branch of NGC 1851: Constraints from Its RR Lyrae Variables”

Kurk, J., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2013, A&A, 549, A63, “GMASS Ultradeep Spectroscopy of Galaxies at z ~ 2. VII. Sample Selection and Spectroscopy”

Lauer, T.R. 2012, ApJ, 759, 64, “Cores and the Kinematics of Early-Type Galaxies”

123 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

Lee, B., … Kartaltepe, J., et al. 2013, ApJ, 774, 47, “CANDELS: The Correlation between Galaxy Morphology and Star Formation Activity at z ~ 2”

Lee, K.-S., … Atlee, D., Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2012, ApJ, 758, L31, “Herschel Detection of Dust Emission from UV-Luminous Star-Forming Galaxies at 3.3 ≲ z ≲ 4.3”

Lee, K.-S., Dey, A., et al. 2013, ApJ, 771, 25, “Probing High-Redshift Galaxy Formation at the Highest Luminosities: New Insights from DEIMOS Spectroscopy”

Lewis, N.K., … Mighell, K.J., et al. 2013, ApJ, 766, 95, “Orbital Phase Variations of the Eccentric Giant Planet HAT-P-2b”

Liskowsky, J.P., … Najita, J.R., et al. 2012, ApJ, 760, 153, “High-Resolution Near-Infrared Spectrosco- py of HD 100546. I. Analysis of Asymmetric Ro-vibrational OH Emission Lines”

Lubowich, D., … Pompea, S.M., et al. 2013, ASP Conf. 473, eds. J. Barnes, et al. (ASP), 21, “Astrono- my Outreach for Large and Unique Audiences”

Magdis, G.E., … Dickinson, M., … Kartaltepe, J., et al. 2012, ApJ, 760, 6, “The Evolving Interstellar Medium of Star-Forming Galaxies since z = 2 as Probed by Their Infrared Spectral Energy Distributions”

Magdis, G.E., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2012, ApJ, 758, L9, “The Molecular Gas Content of z = 3 Lyman Break Galaxies: Evidence of a Non-evolving Gas Fraction in Main-Sequence Galaxies at z > 2”

Maggi, P., … Points, S.D., … Smith, R.C., et al. 2012, A&A, 546, A109, “Multi-frequency Study of Supernova Remnants in the Large Magellanic Cloud. Confirmation of the Supernova Remnant Status of DEM L205”

Magnelli, B., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2013, A&A, 553, A132, “The Deepest Herschel-PACS Far- Infrared Survey: Number Counts and Infrared Luminosity Functions from Combined PEP/GOODS-H Observations”

Martini, P., … Norman, D., … Dey, A., et al. 2013, ApJ, 768, 1, “The Cluster and Field Galaxy Active Galactic Nucleus Fraction at z = 1–1.5: Evidence for a Reversal of the Local Anticorrelation between Environment and AGN Fraction”

Matsuoka, K., … Kartaltepe, J., et al. 2013, ApJ, 771, 64, “A Comparative Analysis of Virial Black Hole Mass Estimates of Moderate-Luminosity Active Galactic Nuclei Using Subaru/FMOS”

Mauduit, J.-C., … Ridgway, S.E., et al. 2012, PASP, 124, 1135, “The Spitzer Extragalactic Representa- tive Volume Survey (SERVS): Survey Definition and Goals (PASP, 124, 714, [2012])”

Mauerhan, J.C., … Matheson, T., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 431, 2599, “SN 2011ht: Confirming a Class of Interacting Supernovae with Plateau Light Curves (Type IIn-P)”

124 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS

McConnell, N.J., … Lauer, T.R., et al. 2013, ApJ, 768, L21, “The Effect of Spatial Gradients in Stellar Mass-to-Light Ratio on Black Hole Mass Measurements”

Megeath, S.T., … Allen, L.E., et al. 2012, AJ, 144, 192, “The Spitzer Space Telescope Survey of the Orion A and B Molecular Clouds. I. A Census of Dusty Young Stellar Objects and a Study of Their Mid- infrared Variability”

Melnick, J., De Propris, R. 2013, MNRAS, 431, 2034, “The Spectral Energy Distributions of K+A Galaxies from the UV to the Mid-IR: Stellar Populations, Star Formation and Hot Dust”

Mighell, K.J., Plavchan, P. 2013, AJ, 145, 148, “Period Error Estimation for the Kepler Eclipsing Binary Catalog”

Mighell, K.J., Rehnberg, M., et al. 2012, PASP, 124, 1360, “PhAst: An IDL Astronomical Image Viewer Optimized for Astrometry of Near Earth Objects”

Monnier, J.D., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2012, ApJ, 761, L3, “Resolving Vega and the Inclination Controversy with CHARA/MIRC”

Muzerolle, J., Furlan, E., et al. 2013, Nature, 493, 378, “Pulsed Accretion in a Variable Protostar”

Najita, J.R., … Salyk, C., et al. 2013, ApJ, 766, 134, “The HCN-Water Ratio in the Planet Formation Region of Disks”

Newhouse, M.A., Walker, C.E., Boss, S.K., Hennig, A.J. 2013, ASP Conf. 473, eds. J. Barnes, et al. (ASP), 295, “Mobilizing the GLOBE at Night Citizen-Scientist”

Nielsen, D.M., Ridgway, S.E., De Propris, R., Goto, T. 2012, ApJ, 761, L16, “The Current Star Formation Rate of K + A Glaxies”

Norris, J.E., … Beers, T.C., et al. 2013, ApJ, 762, 25, “The Most Metal-Poor Stars. I. Discovery, Data, and Atmospheric Parameters”

Norris, J.E., … Beers, T.C., et al. 2013, ApJ, 762, 28, “The Most Metal-Poor Stars. IV. The Two Populations with [Fe/H] ≲ –3.0”

Palamara, D.P., … Jannuzi, B.T., Dey, A., et al. 2013, ApJ, 764, 31, “The Clustering of Extremely Red Objects”

Palanque-Delabrouille, N., … Dey, A., et al. 2013, A&A, 551, A29, “Luminosity Function from Dedicated SDSS-III and MMT Data of Quasars in 0.7 < z < 4.0 Selected with a New Approach”

Pellegrini, E.W., … Points, S.D., Smith, R.C., et al. 2013, AJ, 766, 138, “Erratum: The Optical Depth of H II Regions in the Magellanic Clouds”

125 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

Penner, K., Dickinson, M., … Dey, A., … Kartaltepe, J., et al. 2012, ApJ, 759, 28, “Evidence for a Wide Range of Ultraviolet Obscuration in z ~ 2 Dusty Galaxies from the GOODS-Herschel Survey”

Pillitteri, I., … Allen, L., et al. 2013, ApJ, 768, 99, “An X-ray Survey of the Young Stellar Population of the Lynds 1641 and Iota Orionis Regions”

Placco, V.M., … Beers, T.C., et al. 2013, ApJ, 770, 104, “Metal-Poor Stars Observed with the Magellan Telescope. I. Constraints on Progenitor Mass and Metallicity of AGB Stars Undergoing s-Process Nucleosynthesis”

Pope, A., … Dickinson, M.E., et al. 2013, ApJ, 772, 92, “Probing the Interstellar Medium of z ~ 1 Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies through Interferometric Observations of CO and Spitzer Mid-infrared Spectroscopy”

Prescott, M.K.M., Dey, A., Jannuzi, B.T. 2013, ApJ, 762, 38, “A Successful Broadband Survey for Giant Lyα Nebulae. II. Spectroscopic Confirmation”

Rawlings, J.I., … Dey, A., Dickinson, M., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 429, 744, “Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Emission in Powerful High-Redshift Radio Galaxies”

Rebull, L.M., … Allen, L.E., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 15, “New Young Star Candidates in BRC 27 and BRC 34”

Rhoads, J.E., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2013, ApJ, 773, 32, “A Lyman Break Galaxy in the Epoch of Reionization from Hubble Space Telescope Grism Spectroscopy”

Richardson, N.D., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2013, ApJ, 769, 118, “The H-Band Emitting Region of the Luminous Blue Variable P Cygni: Spectrophotometry and Interferometry of the Wind”

Ridgway, S.T. 2013, Betelgeuse Workshop 2012 - The Physics of Red Supergiants: Recent Advances and Open Questions, eds. P. Kervella , T. Le Bertre, G. Perrin (EDP), 5, “Betelgeuse – Challenging Our Understanding for More than 2000 Years”

Robberto, M., … Najita, J.R., et al. 2013, ApJS, 207, 10, “The Hubble Space Telescope Treasury Program on the Orion Nebula Cluster”

Roederer, I.U., … Beers, T.C., et al. 2012, ApJS, 203, 27, “New Hubble Space Telescope Observations of Heavy Elements in Four Metal-Poor Stars”

Rovilos, E., … Dickinson, M., … Kartaltepe, J., et al. 2012, A&A, 546, A58, “GOODS-Herschel: Ultra-deep XMM-Newton Observations Reveal AGN/Star-Formation Connection”

Rujopakarn, W., … Kartaltepe, J.S., et al. 2013, ApJ, 767, 73, “Mid-infrared Determination of Total Infrared Luminosity and Star Formation Rates of Local and High-Redshift Galaxies”

126 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS

Salyk, C., et al. 2013, ApJ, 769, 21, “Measuring Protoplanetary Disk Accretion with H I Pfund β”

Sanchis-Ojeda, R., … Everett, M.E., et al. 2013, ApJ, 775, 54, “Kepler-63b: A Giant Planet in a Polar Orbit around a Young Sun-Like Star”

Schlesinger, K.J., … Beers, T.C., et al. 2012, ApJ, 761, 160, “The Metallicity Distribution Functions of SEGUE G and K Dwarfs: Constraints for Disk Chemical Evolution and Formation”

Schramm, M., … Kartaltepe, J., et al. 2013, ApJ, 773, 150, “Unveiling a Population of Galaxies Harboring Low-Mass Black Holes with X-rays”

Sheffield, A.A., … Cunha, K., Smith, V.V., et al. 2012, ApJ, 761, 161, “Identifying Contributions to the Stellar Halo from Accreted, Kicked-Out, and In Situ Populations”

Shipley, H.V., … Dey, A., et al. 2013, ApJ, 769, 75, “Spitzer Spectroscopy of Infrared-Luminous Galaxies: Diagnostics of Active Galactic Nuclei and Star Formation and Contribution to Total Infrared Luminosity”

Shupla, C., … Norman, D. 2013, ASP Conf. 473, eds. J. Barnes, et al. (ASP), 61, “Engaging and Supporting Culturally Diverse Audiences”

Silva, D., McLean, I.S. 2013, Planets, Stars, and Stellar Systems Volume 1: Telescopes and Instrumenta- tion, eds. T.D. Oswalt and I.S. McLean (Springer), 1, “Introduction to Telescopes”

Silverman, J.M., … Matheson, T., et al. 2013, ApJS, 207, 3, “Type Ia Supernovae Strongly Interacting with Their Circumstellar Medium”

Siqueira Mello, C., … Beers, T.C., et al. 2013, A&A, 550, A122, “First Stars. XVI. HST/STIS Abundances of Heavy Elements in the Uranium-Rich Metal-Poor Star CS 31082-001”

Smith, V.V., Cunha, K., et al. 2013, ApJ, 765, 16, “Chemical Abundances in Field Red Giants from High-Resolution H-Band Spectra Using the APOGEE Spectral Linelist”

Smolcic, V., … Kartaltepe, J., et al. 2012, A&A, 548, A4, “Millimeter Imaging of Submillimeter Galaxies in the COSMOS Field: Redshift Distribution”

Sparks, R.T., Garmany, K., … Pompea, S.M., Walker, C.E., et al. 2013, ASP Conf. 473, eds. J. Barnes, et al. (ASP), 267, “An After School Education Program on the Tohono O’odham Nation”

Stierwalt, S., … Inami, H., et al. 2013, ApJS, 206, 1, “Mid-infrared Properties of Nearby Luminous Infrared Galaxies. I. Spitzer Infrared Spectrograph Spectra for the GOALS Sample”

Strazzullo, V., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2013, ApJ, 772, 118, “Galaxy Evolution in Overdense Environ- ments at High Redshift: Passive Early-Type Galaxies in a Cluster at z ~ 2”

127 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

Stutz, A.M., … Furlan, E., … Allen, L., et al. 2013, ApJ, 767, 36, “A Herschel and APEX Census of the Reddest Sources in Orion: Searching for the Youngest Protostars”

Sweet, S.M., … Smith C., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 433, 543, “Choirs, H I Galaxy Groups: Catalogue and Detection of Star-Forming Dwarf Group Members”

Symeonidis, M., … Kartaltepe, J.S., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 431, 2317, “The Herschel Census of Infrared SEDs through Cosmic Time”

Symeonidis, M., Kartaltepe, J., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 433, 1015, “AGN in Dusty Hosts: Implications for Galaxy Evolution”

Targett, T.A., … Kartaltepe, J.S., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 432, 2012, “The Properties of (sub)Millimetre- Selected Galaxies as Revealed by CANDELS HST WFC3/IR Imaging in GOODS-South”

Thomas, D., … Pforr, J., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 431, 1383, “Stellar Velocity Dispersions and Emission Line Properties of SDSS-III/BOSS Galaxies”

Tissera, P.B., Scannapieco, C., Beers, T.C., Carollo, D. 2013, MNRAS, 432, 3391, “Stellar Haloes of Simulated Milky-Way-Like Galaxies: Chemical and Kinematic Properties”

Tokovinin, A. 2013, AJ, 145, 76, “Kappa Fornaci, a Triple Radio Star”

Tokovinin, A., Hartung, M., Hayward, T.L. 2013, AJ, 148, 8, “Companions to Nearby Stars with Astrometric Acceleration. II”

Tokovinin, A., Lépine, S. 2012, AJ, 144, 102, “Wide Companions to Hipparcos Stars within 67 pc of the Sun”

Touhami, Y., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2012, ASP Conf. 465, eds. L. Drissen, et al. (ASP), 108, “A Survey of Be Star Circumstellar Disks Using the CHARA Array Long Baseline Interferometer”

Touhami, Y., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2013, ApJ, 768, 128, “A CHARA Array Survey of Circumstellar Disks around Nearby Be-Type Stars”

U, V., … Inami, H., … Kartaltepe, J.S., et al. 2012, ApJS, 203, 9, “Spectral Energy Distributions of Local Luminous and Ultraluminous Infrared Galaxies”

Ulaczyk, K., … Walker, A.R., et al. 2012, AcA, 62, 247, “Photometric Maps Based on the OGLE-III Shallow Survey in the Large Magellanic Cloud”

Ulaczyk, K., … Walker, A.R., et al. 2013, AcA, 63, 159, “Variable Stars from the OGLE-III Shallow Survey in the Large Magellanic Cloud”

128 NOAO SCIENTIFIC STAFF PUBLICATIONS

van der Wel, A., … Kartaltepe, J.S., et al. 2012, ApJS, 203, 24, “Structural Parameters of Galaxies in CANDELS”

Walker, C.E., Buxner, S. 2013, ASP Conf. 473, eds. J. Barnes, et al. (ASP), 321, “The Impact of Light Pollution Education through a Global Star-Hunting Campaign and Classroom Curricula”

Walker, C.E., Low, R., Zepeda, O., Valdez, S. 2013, ASP Conf. 473, eds. J. Barnes, et al. (ASP), 85, “The Science of Storytelling: Indigenous Perspective in Environmental Change”

Walker, C.E., Tafreshi, B., Simmons, M. 2013, ASP Conf. 473, eds. J. Barnes, et al. (ASP), 165, “Touch the Cosmos: The 2012 International Earth and Sky Photo Contest”

Weiss, L.M., … Everett, M.E., et al. 2013, ApJ, 768, 14, “The Mass of KOI-94d and a Relation for Planet Radius, Mass, and Incident Flux”

Williams, B.F., … Lauer, T.R., et al. 2012, ApJ, 759, 46, “The Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury. II. Tracing the Inner M31 Halo with Blue Horizontal Branch Stars”

Yan, H., … Dickinson, M., et al. 2012, ApJ, 761, 177, “Luminous and High Stellar Mass Candidate Galaxies at z ≈ 8 Discovered in the Cosmic Assembly Near-Infrared Deep Extragalactic Legacy Survey”

Yong, D., … Beers, T.C., et al. 2013, ApJ, 762, 26, “The Most Metal-Poor Stars. II. Chemical Abun- dances of 190 Metal-Poor Stars Including 10 New Stars with [Fe/H] ≤ –3.5”

Yong, D., … Beers, T.C., et al. 2013, ApJ, 762, 27, “The Most Metal-Poor Stars. III. The Metallicity Distribution Function and Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor Fraction”

Zhang, K., Pontoppidan, K.M., Salyk, C., Blake, G.A. 2013, ApJ, 766, 82, “Evidence for a Snow Line beyond the Transitional Radius in the TW Hya Protoplanetary Disk”

129 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

D PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES & ARCHIVES

120 100 80 60 40 20

0 # of Publications of Publications # FY13 in

Telescopes/Data

D.1 TELESCOPES AT CERRO TOLOLO INTER-AMERICAN OBSERVATORY During FY13 (Oct. 2012–Sept. 2013), 122 publications used data taken at the CTIO telescopes (includes the Blanco, SOAR8, and others) for which NOAO allocates observing time:

Bagheri, G., Cioni, M.–R. L., Napiwotzki, R. 2013, A&A, 551, A78, “The Detection of an Older Population in the Magellanic Bridge”

Barlow, B.N., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 430, 22, “EC 10246-2707: An Eclipsing Sub-dwarf B + M Dwarf Binary”

Battaglia, G., et al. 2012, ApJ, 761. L31, “The Extensive Age Gradient of the Carina Dwarf Galaxy”

Bauer, J.M., et al. 2013, ApJ, 733, 22. “Centaurs and Scattered Disk Objects in the Thermal Infrared: Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE Observations”

Berrier, J.C., et al. 2013, ApJ, 769, 132, “Further Evidence for a Supermassive Black Hole Mass-Pitch Angle Relation”

Blair, W.P., Winkler, P.F., Long, K.S. 2012, ApJS, 203, 8, “The Magellan/IMACS Catalog of Optical Supernova Remnant Candidates in M83”

Britt, C.T., et al. 2013, ApJ, 769, 120, “Identification of Five Interacting Binaries in the Galactic Bulge Survey”

Buoy, H., et al. 2013, A&A, 554, A101, “Dynamical Analysis of Nearby Clusters. Automated Astrometry from the Ground: Precision Proper Motions over a Wide Field”

Campos, F., Kepler, S.O., Bonatto, C., Ducati, J.R. 2013, MNRAS, 433, 243, “Multichromatic Colour- Magnitude Diagrams of the Globular Cluster NGC 6366”

8 SOAR data may have resulted from time allocated by other than the NOAO TAC.

130 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES & ARCHIVES

Carter, P.J., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 429, 2143, “A Search for the Hidden Population of AM CVn Binaries in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey”

Caso, J.P., et al. 2013, A&A, 555, A56, “The Paucity of Globular Clusters around the Field Elliptical NGC 7507”

Caso, J.P., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 430, 1088, “Ultracompact Dwarfs around NGC 3258 in the Antlia Cluster”

Castanheira, B.G., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 430, 50, “Discovery of Five New Massive Pulsating White Dwarf Stars”

Chen, Z., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 431, 2080, “Properties and Morphologies of Lyman Break Galaxies at z ~ 1 in the Chandra Deep Field South, Inferred from Spectral Energy Distributions”

Chene, A.-N., et al. 2013, A&A, 549, A98, “Massive Open Star Clusters Using the VVV Survey. II. Discovery of Six Clusters with Wolf-Rayet Stars”

Childress, M., et al. 2013, ApJ, 770, 107, “Host Galaxies of Type Ia Supernovae from the Nearby Supernova Factory”

Childress, M., et al. 2013, ApJ, 770, 108, “Host Galaxy Properties and Hubble Residuals of Type Ia Supernovae from the Nearby Supernova Factory”

Choi, A., et al. 2012, ApJ, 759, 101, “Galaxy-Mass Correlations on 10 Mpc Scales in the Deep Lens Survey”

Chun, Y.Y., et al. 2013, ApJ, 770, 10, “Multiwavelength Observations of the Black Hole Transient XTE J1752- 223 during Its 2010 Outburst Decay”

Collado, A., Gamen, R., Barba, R.H. 2013, A&A, 552, A22, “The New Wolf-Rayet Binary System WR62a”

Contreras Peña, C., et al. 2013, AJ, 146, 57, “The Globular Cluster NGC 6402 (M14). I. A New BV Color- Magnitude Diagram”

Coppola, G., … Walker A.R. 2013, ApJ, 775, 6, “The Carina Project. VI. The Helium-Burning Variable Stars”

Cummings, J.D., et al. 2012, AJ, 144, 137, “Lithium Abundances of the Super-Metal-Rich Open Cluster NGC 6253”

D’Antona, F., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 434, 1138, “The Puzzle of Metallicity and Multiple Stellar Populations in the Globular Clusters in Fornax”

Dalessio, J., et al. 2013, ApJ, 765, 5, “Periodic Variations in the O-C Diagrams of Five Pulsation Frequencies of the DB White Dwarf EC 20058-5234”

Davies, L.J.M. 2013, MNRAS, 434, 296, “Detecting Massive Galaxies at High Redshift Using the Dark Energy Survey”

De Boer, T.J.L., Tolstoy, E., Saha, A., Olszewski, E.W. 2013, A&A, 551, A103, “A New Study of Stellar Substructures in the Fornax Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy”

Diaz Tello, J. et al, 2013, ApJ, 771, 7, “Physical Properties, Star Formation, and Active Galactic Nucleus Activity in Balmer Break Galaxies at 0 < z < 1”

131 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

Esposito, P., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 433, 3464, “CXOU J005047.9-731817: A 292-s X-ray Binary Pulsar in the Small Magellanic Cloud”

Faherty, J.K., … Mamajek, E.E., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 2, “2MASS J035523.37+113343.7: A Young, Dusty, Nearby, Isolated Brown Dwarf Resembling a Giant Exoplanet”

Feldmeier, A., et al, 2013, A&A, 554, A63, “Indication for an Intermediate-Mass Black Hole in the Globular Cluster NGC 5286 from Kinematics”

Fraga, L., Kunder, A., Tokovinin, A. 2013, AJ, 145, 165, “SOAR Adaptive Optics Observations of the Globular Cluster NGC 6496”

Furlanetto, C., et al. 2013, A&A, 549, A80, “A Simple Prescription for Simulating and Characterizing Gravitational Arcs”

Furlanetto, C., et al. MNRAS, 432, 73, “The SOAR Gravitational Arc Survey – I. Survey Overview and Photometric Catalogues”

Geier, S., et al. 2013, A&A, 554, A54, “A Progenitor Binary and an Ejected Mass Donor Remnant of Faint Type Ia Supernovae”

Guo, Y., … Dickinson, M.E., et al. 2013, ApJS, 207, 24, “CANDELS Multi-wavelength Catalogs: Source Detection and Photometry in the GOODS-South Field”

H.E.S.S. Collaboration, et al. 2013, A&A, 552, A118, “Discovery of TeV γ-ray Emission from PKS 0447-439 and Derivation of an Upper Limit on Its Redshift”

Harrison, T.E., Bornak, J., McArthur, B.E., Benedict, G.F. 2013, ApJ, 767, 7, “Hubble Space Telescope Fine Guidance Sensor Parallaxes for Four Classical Novae”

Heinze, A.N., et al. 2013, ApJ, 767, 173, “Weather on Other Worlds. I. Detection of Periodic Variability in the L3 Dwarf Denis-P J1058.7-1548 with Precise Multi-wavelength Photometry”

Hezaveh, Y.D., et al. 2013, ApJ, 767, 132, “ALMA Observations of SPT-Discovered, Strongly Lensed, Dusty, Star-Forming Galaxies”

Hoyer, S., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 434, 46, “TraMos Project – III. Improved Physical Parameters, Timing Analysis and Starspot Modeling of the WASP-4b Exoplanet System from 38 Transit Observations”

Hsieh, H., et al. 2013, ApJ, 771, L1, “Main-Belt Comet P/2012 T1 (PANSTARRS)”

Ingleby, L., et al. 2013, ApJ, 767, 112, “Accretion Rates for T Tauri Stars Using Nearly Simultaneous Ultraviolet and Optical Spectra”

Jasmim, F.L., et al. 2013, A&A, 552, A85, “Mineralogical Investigation of several Qp Asteroids and Their Relation to the Vesta Family”

Jee, M.J., et al. 2013, ApJ, 765, 74, “Cosmic Shear Results from the Deep Lens Survey. I. Joint Constraints on ΩM and σ8 with a Two-Dimensional Analysis”

132 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES & ARCHIVES

Johnson, C.I., … Kunder, A., … De Propris, R. 2013, AJ, 765, 157, “Metallicity Distribution Functions, Radial Velocities, and Alpha Element Abundances in Three Off-Axis Bulge Fields”

Kameswara Rao, N., et al. 2012, ApJ, 760, L3, “The Hot R Coronae Borealis Star DY Centauri Is a Binary”

Kameswara Rao, N., Lambert, D.L., Garcia-Hernandez, D.A., Manchado, A. 2013, MNRAS, 431, 159, “The Changing Nebula around the Hot R Coronae Borealis Star DY Centauri”

Keeney, B.A., et al. 2013, ApJ, 765, 27, “HST/COS Spectra of Three QSOs that Probe the Circumgalactic Medium of a Single Spiral Galaxy: Evidence for Gas Recycling and Outflow”

Kepler, S.O., et al. 2012, ApJ, 757, 177, “Seismology of a Massive Pulsating Hydrogen Atmosphere White Dwarf”

Kim, H.-S., et al. 2013, ApJ, 763, 40, “Wide-Field Multiband Photometry of Globular Cluster Systems in the Fornax Galaxy Cluster”

Kirk, D., Laszlo, I., Bridle, S., Bean, R. 2013, MNRAS, 430, 197, “Optimizing Cosmic Shear Surveys to Measure Modifications to Gravity on Cosmic Scales”

Krisciunas, K., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 11, “Fixing the U-Band Photometry of Type Ia Supernovae”

Kuehn, C.A., … Walker, A.R., Kunder, A., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 160, “Variable Stars in Large Magellanic Cloud Globular Clusters. III. Reticulum”

Kuehn, C.A., et al. 2012, AJ, 144, 186, “Nearby M, L, and T Dwarfs Discovered by the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)”

Kuehn, K., … Walker, A., et al. 2013, PASP, 125, 409, “PreCam: A Precursor Observational Campaign for Calibration of the Dark Energy Survey”

Kunder, A., … Walker A.R., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 33, “Variable Stars in the Globular Cluster NGC 2808”

Lane, R.R., Salinas, R., Richtler, T. 2013, A&A, 549, A148, “Isolated Ellipticals and Their Globular Cluster Systems. I. Washington Photometry of NGC 3585 and NGC 5812”

Lazzaro, D., et al. 2013, A&A, 549, L2, “Rotational Spectra of (162173) 1999 JU3, theTarget of the Hayabusa2 Mission”

Leigh, N., et al. 2013, 428, 3543, “CXOGBS J174444.7-260330: A New Long Orbital Period Cataclysmic Variable in a Low State”

Lidman, C., et al. 2012, MNRAS, 427, 550, “Evidence for Significant Growth in the Stellar Mass of Brightest Cluster Galaxies over the Past 10 Billion Years”

Lidman, C., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 433, 825, “The Importance of Major Mergers in the Build Up of Stellar Mass in Brightest Cluster Galaxies at z = 1”

Lim, B., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 46, “The Starburst Cluster Westerlund 1: The Initial Mass Function and Mass Segregation”

133 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

Lira, P., et al. 2013, ApJ, 764, 159, “Modeling the Nuclear Infrared Spectral Energy Distribution of Typer II Active Galactic Nuclei”

Liu, F.S., et al. 2013, ApJ, 769, 147, “Serendipitous Discovery of a Massive cD Galaxy at z = 1.096: Implications for the Early Formation and Late Evolution of cD Galaxies”

Lunnan, R., et al. 2013, ApJ, 771, 97, “PS1-10bzj: A Fast, Hydrogen-Poor Superluminous Supernova in a Metal- Poor Host Galaxy”

Lutzgendorf, N., et al. 2013, A&A, 552, A49, “Limits on Intermediate-Mass Black Holes in Six Galactic Globular Clusters with Integral-Field Spectroscopy”

Maccarone, T.J., et al. 2012, MNRAS, 426, 3057, “Radio Sources in the Chandra Galactic Bulge Survey”

Mace, G.N., et al. 2013, ApJS, 205, 6, “A Study of the Diverse T Dwarf Population Revealed by WISE”

MacLennan, E.M., Hsieh, H.H. 2012, ApJ, 758, L3, “The Nucleus of Main-Belt Comet 259P/Garradd”

Massey, P., Neugent, K.F., Hillier, D.J., Puls, J. 2013, ApJ, 768, 6, “A Bake-Off between CMFGEN and FASTWIND: Modeling the Physical Properties of SMC and LMC O-Type Stars”

Meech, K.J., et al. 2013, Icarus, 222, 662, “The Demise of Comet 85P/Boethin, the First EPOXI Mission Target”

Milisavljevic, D., et al. 2013, ApJ, 767, 71, “Multi-wavelength Observations of Supernova 2011ei: Time- Dependent Classification of Type IIb and Ib Supernovae and Implications for Their Progenitors”

Miller, N.A., et al. 2013, ApJS, 205, 13, “The Very Large Array 1.4 GHz Survey of the Extended Chandra Deep Field South: Second Data Release”

Miszalski, B., Mikolajewska, J., Udalski, A. 2013, MNRAS, 432, 3186, “Symbiotic Stars and Other Ha Emission-Line Stars toward the Galactic Bulge”

Momcheva, I.G., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 47, “Nebular Attenuation in Hα-Selected Star-Forming Galaxies at z = 0.8 from the NewHα Survey”

Morrison, C.B., et al. 2012, MNRAS, 426, 2489, “Tomographic Magnification of Lyman-Break Galaxies in the Deep Lens Survey”

Moustakas, J., et al. 2013, ApJ, 767, 50, “PRIMUS: Constraints on Star Formation Quenching and Galaxy Merging, and the Evolution of the Stellar Mass Function from z = 0–1”

Muzic, K., et al. 2012, AJ, 144, 180, “Discovery of Two Very Wide Binaries with Ultracool Companions and a New Brown Dwarf and the L/T Transition”

Nakajima, K., et al. 2013, ApJ, 769, 3, “First Spectroscopic Evidence for High Ionization State and Low Oxygen Abundance in Lya Emitters”

134 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES & ARCHIVES

Nkundabakura, P., Meintjes, P.J. 2012, MNRAS, 427, 859, “Unveiling the Nature of Two Unidentified EGRET Blazar Candidates through Spectroscopic Observations”

Palma, T., et al. 2013, A&A, 555, A131, “ A Sample of Relatively Unstudied Star Clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud: Fundamental Parameters Determined from Washington Photometry”

Paykari, P., Jaffe, A.H. 2013, MNRAS, 433, 3523, “Sparsely Sampling the Sky: A Bayesian Experimental Design Approach”

Piatti, A.E., Bica, E. 2012, MNRAS, 425, 3085, “Washington Photometry of Candidate Star Clusters in the Small Magellanic Cloud”

Piatti, A.E., Geisler, D. 2013, AJ, 145, 17, “The Age-Metallicity Relationship of the Large Magellanic Cloud Field Star Population from Wide-Field Washington Photometry”

Piatti, A.E., Geisler, D., Mateluna, R. 2012, AJ, 144, 100, “A Washington Photometric Survey of the Large Magellanic Cloud Field Star Population”

Pinilla-Alonso, N., et al. 2013, A&A, 550, A13, “Surface Composition and Dynamical Evolution of Two Retrograde Objects in the Outer Solar System: 2008 YB3 and 2005 VD”

Podorvanyuk, N.Y., Chilingarian, I.V., Katkov, I.Y. 2013, MNRAS, 432, 2632, “A New Technique for the Determination of the Initial Mass Function in Unresolved Stellar Populations”

Punsly, B. 2013, ApJ, 762, L25, “Multi-epoch Observations of the Red Wing Excess in the Spectrum of 3C 279”

Rabinowitz, D., et al. 2013, AJ, 146, 17, “The Peculiar Photometric Properties of 2010 WG9: A Slowly Rotating Trans-Neptunian Object from the Oort Cloud”

Ratajczak, M., Helminiak, K.G., Konacki, M., Jordan, A. 2013, MNRAS, 433, 2357, “Orbital and Physical Parameters of Eclipsing Binaries from the ASAS Catalogue – V. Investigation of Subgiants and Giants: The Case of ASAS J010538-2435.5 and V1980 Sgr”

Reichardt, C.L., et al. 2013, ApJ, 763, 127, “Galaxy Clusters Discovered via the Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect in the First 720 Square Degrees of the South Pole Telescope Survey”

Richardson, C.T., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 430, 1257, “The Nature of the H2-Emitting Gas in the Crab Nebula”

Romani, R.W., et al. 2012, ApJ, 760, L36, “PSR J1311-3430: A Heavyweight Neutron Star with a Flyweight Helium Companion”

Roman-Lopes, A. 2013, MNRAS, 427, L65, “A Galactic O2 If*/WN6 Star Possibly Ejected from Its Birthplace in NGC 3603”

Roman-Lopes, A. 2013, MNRAS, 433, 712, “An O2 If*/WN6 Star Caught in the Act in a Compact H II Region in the Starburst Cluster NGC 3603”

Roman-Lopes, A. 2013, MNRAS, 435, L73, “An O2 If* Star Found in Isolation in the Backyard of NGC 3603”

Rovilos, E., … Dickinson, M., … Kartaltepe, J., et al. 2012, A&A, 546, A58, “GOODS-Herschel: Ultra-deep XMM-Newton Observations Reveal AGN/Star-Formation Connection”

135 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

Schmidt, S.J., Thorman, P. 2013, MNRAS, 431, 2766, “Improved Photometric Redshifts via Enhanced Estimates of System Response, Galaxy Templates and Magnitude Priors”

Shaw, M.S., et al. 2013, ApJ, 764, 135, “Spectroscopy of the Largest Ever γ-ray-Selected BL Lac Sample”

Shore, S.N., et al. 2013, A&A, 553, A123, “The Spectroscopic Evolution of the γ-ray Emitting Classical Nova Nova Mon 2012 I. Implications for the ONe subclass of classical novae”

Smart, R.L., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 433, 2054, “NPARSEC: NTT Parallaxes of Southern Extremely Cool Objects. Goals, Targets, Procedures and First Results”

Song, J., et al. 2012, ApJ, 761, 22, “Redshifts, Sample Purity, and BCG Positions for the Galaxy Cluster Catalog from the First 720 Square Degrees of the South Pole Telescope Survey”

Stalder, B., et al. 2013, ApJ, 763, 93, “SPT-CL J0205-5829: A z = 1.32 Evolved Massive Galaxy Cluster in the South Pole Telescope Sunyaev-Zel’dovich Effect Survey”

Stefanon, M., Marchesini, D. 2013, MNRAS, 429, 881, “The Evolution of the Rest-Frame J- and H-Band Luminosity Function of Galaxies to z = 3.5”

Thompson, M.A., et al. 2013, PASP, 125, 809, “Nearby M, L, and T Dwarfs Discovered by the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)”

Thorat, K., Saripalli, L., Subrahmanyan, R. 2013, MNRAS, 434, 2877, “Environments of Extended Radio Sources in the Australia Telescope Low-Brightness Survey”

Thorat, K., Subrahmanyan, R., Saripalli, L., Ekers, R.D. 2013, ApJ, 762, 16, “High-Resolution Imaging of the ATLBS Regions: The Radio Source Counts”

Tokovinin, A. 2013, AJ, 145, 76, “Kappa Fornaci, a Triple Radio Star”

Vaduvescu, O., et al. 2013, P&SS, 85, 299, “739 Observed NEAs and New 2–4m Survey Statistics within the EURONEAR Network”

Valageas, P., Clerc, N. 2012, A&A, 547, A100, “Redshift-Space Correlation Functions in Large Galaxy Cluster Surveys”

van der Burg, R.F.J., et al. 2013, A&A, 557, A15, “The Environment Dependence of the Stellar Mass Function at z ~ 1. Comparing Cluster and Field between the GCLASS and UltraVISTA Surveys”

Vargas Alvarez, C.A., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 125, “The Distance to the Massive Galactic Cluster Westerlund 2 from a Spectroscopic and HST Photometric Study”

Videla, L., et al. 2013, ApJS, 204, 23, “Nuclear Infrared Spectral Energy Distribution of Type II Active Galactic Nuclei”

Vieira, J.D., et al. 2013, Nature, 495, 344, “Dusty Starburst Galaxies in the Early Universe as Revealed by Gravitational Lensing”

Wang, S., et al. 2013, ApJ, 773, 30, “The Mid-Infrared Extinction Law and Its Variation in the Coalsack Nebula”

136 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES & ARCHIVES

White, G.J., et al. 2012, MNRAS, 427, 1830, “A Deep ATCA 20 cm Radio Survey of the AKARI Deep Field South near the South Ecliptic Pole”

Wolfe, A., Sion, E.M., Bond, H.E. 2013, AJ, 145, 168, “Far-Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the Nova-Like Variable KQ Monocerotis: A New SW Sextantis Star?”

Yi, S.K., et al. 2013, A&A, 554, A122, “Merger Relics of Cluster Galaxies”

Zheng, Z.-Y., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 431, 3589, “Lyα Luminosity Functions at Redshift z ≈ 4.5”

Zitrin, A., et al. 2013, ApJ, 770, L15, “A Highly Elongated Prominent Lens at z = 0.87: First Strong-Lensing Analysis of El Gordo”

D.2 TELESCOPES AT KITT PEAK NATIONAL OBSERVATORY During FY13 (Oct. 2012–Sept. 2013), 185 publications used data taken at the KPNO telescopes (includes the Mayall, WIYN9, 1.2-m, and others) for which NOAO allocates observing time:

Abia, C., Palmerini, S., Busso, M., Cristallo, S. 2012, A&A, 548, A55, “Carbon and Oxygen Isotopic Ratios in Arcturus and Aldebaran. Constraining the Parameters for Non-convective Mixing on the Red Giant Branch”

Alexander, D.M., et al. 2013, ApJ, 773, 125, “The NuSTAR Extragalactic Survey: A First Sensitive Look at the High-Energy Cosmic X-ray Background Population”

Alexeeva, S.A., et al. 2013, Astrophysical Bulletin, 68, 169, “Orbital and Physical Parameters of the Spectro- scopic Binary HD37737”

Allen, D.M., … Beers, T.C., et al. 2012, A&A, 548, A34, “Elemental Abundances and Classification of Carbon- Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars”

Andersen, D.R., Bershady, M.A. 2013, ApJ, 768, 41, “The Photometric and Kinematic Structure of Face-On Disk Galaxies. III. Kinematic Inclinations from Hα Velocity Fields”

Anthony-Twarog, B.J., Deliyannis, C., Rich, E., Twarog, B.A. 2013, ApJ, 767, L19, “A Lithium-Rich Red Giant below the Clump in the Kepler Cluster, NGC 6819”

Aravena, M., et al. 2012, MNRAS, 426, 258, “Deep Observations of CO Line Emission from Star-Forming Galaxies in a Cluster Candidate at z = 1.5”

Assef, R.J., et al. 2013, ApJ, 772, 26, “Mid-infrared Selection of Active Galactic Nuclei with the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer. II. Properties of WISE-Selected Active Galactic Nuclei in the NDWFS Boötes Field”

Atwood-Stone, C., et al. 2012, ApJ, 760, 134, “Modeling the Accretion Structure of AU Mon”

Baldi, R.D., et al. 2013, ApJ, 762, 30, “Spectral Energy Distributions of Low-Luminosity Radio Galaxies at z ~ 1–3: A High-z View of the Host/AGN Connection”

Ballard, S., … Everett, M.E., et al. 2013, ApJ, 773, 98, “Exoplanet Characterization by Proxy: A Transiting 2.15 R⊕ Planet near the Habitable Zone of the Late K Dwarf Kepler-61”

9 WIYN data may have resulted from time allocated by other than the NOAO TAC.

137 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

Bally, J., Walawender, J., Reipurth, B. 2012, AJ, 144, 143, “Deep Imaging Surveys of Star-Forming Clouds. V. New Herbig-Haro Shocks and Giant Outflows in Taurus”

Barlow, B.N., et al. 2012, ApJ, 758, 58, “A Radial Velocity Study of Composite-Spectra Hot Subdwarf Stars with the Hobby-Eberly Telescope”

Berrier, J.C., et al. 2013, ApJ, 769, 132, “Further Evidence for a Supermassive Black Hole Mass-Pitch Angle Relation”

Bezanson, R., et al. 2013, ApJ, 764, L8, “Massive and Newly Dead: Discovery of a Significant Population of Galaxies with High-Velocity Dispersions and Strong Balmer Lines at z ~ 1.5 from Deep Keck Spectra and HST/WFC3 Imaging”

Bezanson, R., van Dokkum, P., Franx, M. 2012, ApJ, 760, 62, “Evolution of Quiescent and Star-Forming Galaxies since z ~ 1.5 as a Function of Their Velocity Dispersions”

Bhattacharyya, B., et al. 2013, ApJ, 773, L12, “GMRT Discovery of PSR J1544+4937: An Eclipsing Black- Widow Pulsar Identified with a Fermi-LAT Source”

Bian, F., … Dey, A., et al. 2012, ApJ, 757, 139, “An Ultraviolet Ultra-luminous Lyman Break Galaxy at z = 2.78 in NDWFS Boötes Field”

Bian, W.-H., Zhang, L., Green, R., Hu, C. 2012, ApJ, 759, 88, “Spectral Variability of FIRST Bright QSOs with Sloan Digital Sky Survey Observations”

Bock, J., et al. 2013, ApJS, 207, 32, “The Cosmic Infrared Background Experiment (CIBER): The Wide-Field Imagers”

Bond, H.E., et al. 2013, ApJ, 765, L12, “HD 140283: A Star in the Solar Neighborhood that Formed Shortly after the Big Bang”

Bouy, H., et al. 2013, A&A, 554, A101, “Dynamical Analysis of Nearby Clusters. Automated Astrometry from the Ground: Precision Proper Motions over a Wide Field”

Bragaglia, A., et al. 2012, A&A, 548, A122, “Searching for Multiple Stellar Populations in the Massive, Old Open Cluster Berkeley 39”

Brammer, G.B., et al. 2013, ApJ, 765, L2, “A Tentative Detection of an Emission Line at 1.6 μm for the z ~ 12 Candidate UDFj-39546284”

Burgasser, A.J., et al. 2012, ApJ, 757, 110, “Discovery of a Very Low Mass Triple with Late-M and T Dwarf Components: LP 704-48/SDSS J0006-0852AB”

Cales, S.L., et al. 2013, ApJ, 762, 90, “The Properties of Post-Starburst Quasars Based on Optical Spectroscopy”

Capellupo, D.M., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 429, 1872, “Variability in Quasar Broad Absorption Line Outflows – III. What Happens on the Shortest Time-Scales?”

138 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES & ARCHIVES

Cappetta, M., et al. 2012, MNRAS, 427, 1877, “The First Planet Detected in the WTS: An Inflated Hot Jupiter in a 3.35 d Orbit around a Late F Star”

Carlberg, J.K., Cunha, K., Smith, V.V., Majewski, S.R. 2012, ApJ, 757, 109, “Observable Signatures of Planet Accretion in Red Giant Stars. I. Rapid Rotation and Light Element Replenishment”

Chavez, J.M., Macri, L.M., Pellerin, A. 2012, AJ, 144, 113, “Blending of Cepheids in M33”

Chen, C.-T.J., … Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2013, ApJ, 773, 3, “A Correlation between Star Formation Rate and Average Black Hole Accretion in Star-Forming Galaxies”

Choi, A., et al. 2012, ApJ, 759, 101, “Galaxy-Mass Correlations on 10 Mpc Scales in the Deep Lens Survey”

Churchill, C.W., et al. 2012, ApJ, 760, 68, “Quenched Cold Accretion of a Large-Scale Metal-Poor Filament due to Virial Shocking in the Halo of a Massive z = 0.7 Galaxy”

Clark, D.M., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 428, 2290, “Probing the Super Star Cluster Environment of NGC 1569 Using FISICA”

Contini, M. 2013, MNRAS, 429, 242, “The Merger Seyfert Galaxy Arp 220: Line and Continuum Absorption and Emission”

Crocker, A.F., et al. 2013, ApJ, 762, 79, “Quantifying Non-Star-Formation-Associated 8 μm Dust Emission in NGC 628”

Croft, S., Bower, G.C., Whysong, D. 2013, ApJ, 762, 93, “The Allen Telescope Array Pi GHz Sky Survey. III. The ELAIS-N1, Coma, and Lockman Hole Fields”

Crowther, P.A. 2013, MNRAS, 428, 1927, “On the Association between Core-Collapse Supernovae and H II Regions”

Cummings, J.D., et al. 2012, AJ, 144, 137, “Lithium Abundances of the Super-Metal-Rich Open Cluster NGC 6253”

Dawson, W.A. 2013, ApJ, 772, 131, “The Dynamics of Merging Clusters: A Monte Carlo Solution Applied to the Bullet and Musket Ball Clusters”

De Marco, O., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 428, 2118, “The Binary Fraction of Planetary Nebula Central Stars – I. A High-Precision, I-Band Excess Search”

Demory, B.-O., et al. 2013, ApJ, 768, 154, “Spitzer Observations of GJ 3470 b: A Very Low-Density Neptune- Size Planet Orbiting a Metal-Rich M Dwarf”

Elvis, M., et al. 2012, ApJ, 759, 6, “Spectral Energy Distributions of Type 1 Active Galactic Nuclei in the COSMOS Survey. I. The XMM-COSMOS Sample”

Erwin, P., Debattista, V.P. 2013, MNRAS, 431, 3060, “Peanuts at an Angle: Detecting and Measuring the Three- Dimensional Structure of Bars in Moderately Inclined Galaxies”

Everett, M.E., Howell, S.B., Silva, D.R., Szkody, P. 2013, ApJ, 771, 107, “Spectroscopy of Faint Kepler Mission Exoplanet Candidate Host Stars”

139 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

Fekel, F.C., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 111, “The Spectroscopic Orbits of Five Solar-Type, Single-Lined Binaries”

Findeisen, K., et al. 2013, ApJ, 768, 93, “Disk-Related Bursts and Fades in Young Stars”

Fumagalli, M., et al. 2012, ApJ, 757, L22, “Hα Equivalent Widths from the 3D-HST Survey: Evolution with Redshift and Dependence on Stellar Mass”

Geller, A.M., Hurley, J.R., Mathieu, R.D. 2013, AJ, 145, 8, “Direct N-Body Modeling of the Old Open Cluster NGC 188: A Detailed Comparison of Theoretical and Observed Binary Star and Blue Straggler Populations”

Gentile, G., et al. 2013, A&A, 554, A125, “HALOGAS: Extraplanar Gas in NGC 3198”

Gettings, D.P., et al. 2012, ApJ, 759, L23, “The Massive Distant Clusters of WISE Survey: The First Distant Galaxy Cluster Discovered by WISE”

Gies, D.R., et al. 2013, ApJ, 775, 64, “KIC 9406652: An Unusual Cataclysmic Variable in the Kepler Field of View”

Gilbert, K.M., et al. 2012, ApJ, 760, 76, “Global Properties of M31’s Stellar Halo from the SPLASH Survey. I. Surface Brightness Profile”

Gilliland, R.L., et al. 2013, ApJ, 766, 40, “Kepler-68: Three Planets, One with a Density between that of Earth and Ice Giants”

Giovanelli, R., et al. 2013, AJ, 146, 15, “ALFALFA Discovery of the Nearby Gas-Rich Dwarf Galaxy Leo P. I. H I Observations”

Hainline, L.J., et al. 2013, ApJ, 774, 69, “Time Delay and Accretion Disk Size Measurements in the Lensed Quasar SBS 0909+532 from Multiwavelength Microlensing Analysis”

Hambleton, K.M., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 434, 925, “KIC 4544587: An Eccentric, Short Period Binary System with δ Sct Pulsations and Tidally Excited Modes”

Hargis, J.R., Rhode, K.L. 2012, AJ, 144, 164, “The Globular Cluster Populations of Giant Galaxies: Mosaic Imaging of Five Moderate-Luminosity Early-Type Galaxies”

Harrison, T.E., Campbell, R.D., Lyke, J.E. 2013, AJ, 146, 37, “Phase-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy and Photometry of V1500 Cygni, and a Search for Similar Old Classical Novae”

Harrison, T.E., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 19, “Herschel Observations of Cataclysmic Variables”

Hartigan, P., Palmer, J., Cleeves, L.I. 2012, High Energy Density Physics, 8, 313, “Irradiated Interfaces in the Ara OB1, Carina, Eagle Nebula, and Cyg OB2 Massive Star Formation Regions”

Hedrosa, R.P., et al. 2013, ApJ, 768, L11, “Nitrogen Isotopes in Asymptotic Giant Branch Carbon Stars and Presolar SiC Grains: A Challenge for Stellar Nucleosynthesis”

Hennawi, J.F., Prochaska, J.X. 2013, ApJ, 766, 58, “Quasars Probing Quasars. IV. Joint Constraints on the Circumgalactic Medium from Absorption and Emission”

140 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES & ARCHIVES

Hermanowicz, M.T., Kennicutt, R.C., Eldridge, J.J. 2013, MNRAS, 432, 3097, “Hα to FUV Ratios in Resolved Star-Forming Region Populations of Nearby Spiral Galaxies”

Hillenbrand, L.A., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 59, “Highly Variable Extinction and Accretion in the Jet-Driving Class I- Type Young Star PTF 10nvg (V2492 Cyg, IRAS 20496+4354)”

Hinkle, K.H., Fekel, F.C., Joyce, R.R., Wood, P. 2013, ApJ, 770, 28, “Infrared Spectroscopy of Symbiotic Stars. IX. D-Type Symbiotic Novae”

Hinkle, K.H., Wallace, L., et al. 2013, ApJS, 207, 26, “The Magnesium Isotopologues of MgH in the A 2Π-X 2Σ+ System”

Ho, N., et al. 2012, ApJ, 758, 124, “Stellar Kinematics of the Andromeda II Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy”

Honeycutt, R.K., Kafka, S., Robertson, J.W. 2013, AJ, 145, 45, “Wind Variability in BZ Camelopardalis”

Howell, S.B., Everett, M. E., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 109, “Spectroscopy of New and Poorly Known Cataclysmic Variables in the Kepler Field”

Huang, Y.F., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 126, “Efficient Selection and Classification of Infrared Excess Emission Stars Based on AKARI and 2MASS Data”

Huo, Z.-Y., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 159, “The LAMOST Survey of Background Quasars in the Vicinity of the Andromeda and Triangulum Galaxies. II. Results from the Commissioning Observations and the Pilot Surveys”

Hwang, H.S., et al. 2012, ApJ, 758, 25, “SHELS: Optical Spectral Properties of WISE 22 μm Selected Galaxies”

Jáchym, P., et al. 2013, A&A, 556, A99, “Search for Cold and Hot Gas in the Ram Pressure Stripped Virgo Dwarf Galaxy IC 3418”

Jacobson, H.R., Friel, E.D. 2013, AJ, 145, 107, “Zirconium, Barium, Lanthanum, and Europium Abundances in Open Clusters”

Jacoby, G.H., … Kaplan, E., et al. 2013, ApJ, 769, 10, “A Survey for Planetary Nebulae in M31 Globular Clusters”

Jaffé, Y.L., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 431, 2111, “BUDHIES I: Characterizing the Environments in and around Two Clusters at z ≃ 0.2”

Jee, M.J., et al. 2013, ApJ, 765, 74, “Cosmic Shear Results from the Deep Lens Survey. I. Joint Constraints on ΩM and σ8 with a Two-Dimensional Analysis”

Jeffries, M.W., Jr., et al. 2013, AJ, 146, 58, “WOCS 40007: A Detached Eclipsing Binary near the Turnoff of the Open Cluster NGC 6819”

Johnson, C.I., … Kunder, A., … De Propris, R. 2013, ApJ, 765, 157, “Metallicity Distribution Functions, Radial Velocities, and Alpha Element Abundances in Three Off-Axis Bulge Fields”

141 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

Johnson, M., et al. 2012, AJ, 144, 152, “The Stellar and Gas Kinematics of the LITTLE THINGS Dwarf Irregular Galaxy NGC 1569”

Kővári, Z., et al. 2013, A&A, 551, A2, “Doppler Imaging of Stellar Surface Structure. XXIV. The Lithium-Rich Single K-Giants DP Canum Venaticorum and DI Piscium”

Kacprzak, G.G., et al. 2012, MNRAS, 427, 3029, “Discovery of Multiphase Cold Accretion in a Massive Galaxy at z = 0.7”

Kajisawa, M., et al. 2013, ApJ, 768, 51, “Environmental Effects on Star Formation Activity at z ~ 0.9 in the COSMOS Field”

Kamphuis, P., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 434, 2069, “HALOGAS Observations of NGC 5023 and UGC 2082: Modelling of Non-cylindrically Symmetric Gas Distributions in Edge-On Galaxies”

Keel, W.C., et al. 2013, PASP, 125, 2, “Galaxy Zoo: A Catalog of Overlapping Galaxy Pairs for Dust Studies”

Kim, S.J., et al. 2012, A&A, 548, A29, “The North Ecliptic Pole Wide Survey of AKARI: A Near- and Mid- infrared Source Catalog”

Komugi, S., et al. 2012, ApJ, 757, 138, “The Schmidt-Kennicutt Law of Matched-Age Star-Forming Regions; Paα Observations of the Early-Phase Interacting Galaxy Taffy I”

Kriek, M., Conroy, C. 2013, ApJ, 775, L16, “The Dust Attenuation Law in Distant Galaxies: Evidence for Variation with Spectral Type”

Kuzio de Naray, R., et al. 2012, MNRAS, 427, 2523, “Searching for Non-axisymmetries in NGC 6503: A Weak End-On Bar”

López-Hernández, J., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 430, 472, “Integral Field Spectroscopy of H II Regions in M33”

Lee, H.-G., et al. 2013, ApJ, 770, 143, “Wide Integral-Field Infrared Spectroscopy of the Bright [Fe II] Shell in the Young Supernova Remnant G11.2-0.3”

Lee, K.-S., … Atlee, D., Dey, A., … Jannuzi, B.T., et al. 2012, ApJ, 758, L31, “Herschel Detection of Dust Emission from UV-Luminous Star-Forming Galaxies at 3.3 ≲ z ≲ 4.3”

Lee, K.-S., Dey, A., et al. 2013, ApJ, 771, 25, “Probing High-Redshift Galaxy Formation at the Highest Luminosities: New Insights from DEIMOS Spectroscopy”

Leonidaki, I., Boumis, P., Zezas, A. 2013, MNRAS, 429, 189, “A Multiwavelength Study of Supernova Remnants in Six nearby Galaxies – II. New Optically Selected Supernova Remnants”

Levitan, D., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 430, 996, “Five New Outbursting AM CVn Systems Discovered by the Palomar Transient Factory”

Li, Y., Bresolin, F., Kennicutt, R.C., Jr. 2013, ApJ, 766, 17, “Testing for Azimuthal Abundance Gradients in M101”

Li, Y., et al. 2013, ApJ, 768, 180, “Star Formation Rates in Resolved Galaxies: Calibrations with Near- and Far- Infrared Data for NGC 5055 and NGC 6946”

142 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES & ARCHIVES

Lidman, C., et al. 2012, MNRAS, 427, 550, “Evidence for Significant Growth in the Stellar Mass of Brightest Cluster Galaxies over the Past 10 Billion Years”

Limoges, M.-M., Lépine, S., Bergeron, P. 2013, AJ, 145, 136, “Toward a Spectroscopic Census of White Dwarfs within 40 pc of the Sun”

Louie, M., Koda, J., Egusa, F. 2013, ApJ, 763, 94, “Geometric Offsets across Spiral Arms in M51: Nature of Gas and Star Formation Tracers”

Ludwig, J., et al. 2012, AJ, 144, 190, “Giant Galaxies, Dwarfs, and Debris Survey. I. Dwarf Galaxies and Tidal Features around NGC 7331”

Luhman, K.L., et al. 2012, ApJ, 760, 152, “New M, L, and T Dwarf Companions to Nearby Stars from the Wide- Field Infrared Survey Explorer”

Lundgren, B.F., et al. 2012, ApJ, 760, 49, “Large-Scale Star-Formation-Driven Outflows at 1 < z < 2 in the 3D- HST Survey”

Maguire, K., et al. 2012, MNRAS, 426, 2359, “Hubble Space Telescope Studies of Low-Redshift Type Ia Supernovae: Evolution with Redshift and Ultraviolet Spectral Trends”

Marelli, M., et al. 2013, ApJ, 765, 36, “PSR J0357+3205: The Tail of the Turtle”

Mariñas, N., et al. 2013, ApJ, 772, 81, “Near-Infrared Imaging and Spectroscopic Survey of the Southern Region of the Young Open Cluster NGC 2264”

Marsh Boyer, A.N., McSwain, M.V., Aragona, C., Ou-Yang, B. 2012, AJ, 144, 158, “Physical Properties of the B and Be Star Populations of h and χ Persei”

Marshall, H.L., et al. 2013, ApJ, 775, 75, “Multiwavelength Observations of the SS 433 Jets”

Martín, E.L., et al. 2013, A&A, 555, A108, “Kepler Observations of Very Low-Mass Stars”

Martínez-García, E.E., González-Lópezlira, R.A. 2013, ApJ, 765, 105, “Signatures of Long-Lived Spiral Patterns”

Martinsson, T.P.K., et al. 2013, A&A, 557, A130, “The DiskMass Survey. VI. Gas and Stellar Kinematics in Spiral Galaxies from PPak Integral-Field Spectroscopy”

Martinsson, T.P.K., et al. 2013, A&A, 557, A131, “The DiskMass Survey. VII. The Distribution of Luminous and Dark Matter in Spiral Galaxies”

Mauerhan, J.C., … Matheson, T., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 431, 2599, “SN 2011ht: Confirming a Class of Interacting Supernovae with Plateau Light Curves (Type IIn-P)”

Mennickent, R.E., et al. 2012, MNRAS, 427, 607, “A Cyclic Bipolar Wind in the Interacting Binary V 393 Scorpii”

143 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

Mighell, K.J., Rehnberg, M., et al. 2012, PASP, 124, 1360, “PhAst: An IDL Astronomical Image Viewer Optimized for Astrometry of Near Earth Objects”

Milisavljevic, D., Fesen, R.A. 2013, ApJ, 772, 134, “A Detailed Kinematic Map of Cassiopeia A’s Optical Main Shell and Outer High-Velocity Ejecta”

Miura, R.E., et al. 2012, ApJ, 761, 37, “Giant Molecular Cloud Evolutions in the Nearby Spiral Galaxy M33”

Momcheva, I.G., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 47, “Nebular Attenuation in Hα-Selected Star-Forming Galaxies at z = 0.8 from the NewHα Survey”

Morrison, C.B., et al. 2012, MNRAS, 426, 2489, “Tomographic Magnification of Lyman-Break Galaxies in the Deep Lens Survey”

Most, H.P., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 150, “Exploring the Interstellar Media of Optically Compact Dwarf Galaxies”

Mostek, N., et al. 2013, ApJ, 767, 89, “The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: Clustering Dependence on Galaxy Stellar Mass and Star Formation Rate at z ~ 1”

Mould, J., et al. 2012, ApJS, 203, 14, “Infrared Spectroscopy of Nearby Radio Active Elliptical Galaxies”

Mueller, B.E.A., Samarasinha, N.H., Farnham, T.L., A’Hearn, M.F. 2013, Icarus, 222, 799, “Analysis of the Sunward Continuum Features of Comet 103P/Hartley 2 from Ground-Based Images”

Muzzin, A., et al. 2013, ApJS, 206, 8, “A Public Ks-Selected Catalog in the COSMOS/ULTRAVISTA Field: Photometry, Photometric Redshifts, and Stellar Population Parameters”

Németh, P., Kawka, A., Vennes, S. 2012, MNRAS, 427, 2180, “A Selection of Hot Subluminous Stars in the GALEX Survey – II. Subdwarf Atmospheric Parameters”

Nascimbeni, V., et al. 2013, A&A, 549, A30, “TASTE. III. A Homogeneous Study of Transit Time Variations in WASP-3b”

Neugent, K.F., Massey, P., Georgy, C. 2012, ApJ, 759, 11, “The Wolf-Rayet Content of M31”

Ofek, E.O., et al. 2013, Nature, 494, 65, “An Outburst from a Massive Star 40 Days before a Supernova Explosion"

Palamara, D.P., … Jannuzi, B.T., Dey, A., et al. 2013, ApJ, 764, 31, “The Clustering of Extremely Red Objects”

Park, H.S., Lee, M.G., Hwang, H.S. 2012, ApJ, 757, 184, “Subaru Spectroscopy of the Globular Clusters in the Virgo Giant Elliptical Galaxy M86”

Patel, H., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 428, 291, “Evolution of the Far-Infrared Luminosity Functions in the Spitzer Wide-Area Infrared Extragalactic Legacy Survey”

Peters, G.J., et al. 2013, ApJ, 765, 2, “Far-Ultraviolet Detection of the Suspected Subdwarf Companion to the Be Star 59 Cygni”

Platais, I., et al. 2013, AJ, 146, 43, “WIYN Open Cluster Study. LV. Astrometry and Membership in NGC 6819”

144 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES & ARCHIVES

Pota, V., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 428, 389, “The SLUGGS Survey: Kinematics for Over 2500 Globular Clusters in 12 Early-Type Galaxies”

Prescott, M.K.M., Dey, A., Jannuzi, B.T. 2013, ApJ, 762, 38, “A Successful Broadband Survey for Giant Lyα Nebulae. II. Spectroscopic Confirmation”

Rao, S.M., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 432, 866, “Probing the Extended Gaseous Regions of M31 with Quasar Absorption Lines”

Rector, T.A., Schweiker, H. 2013, AJ, 145, 35, “A Search for Herbig-Haro Objects in NGC 7023 and Barnard 175”

Rhode, K.L. 2012, AJ, 144, 154, “Exploring the Correlations between Globular Cluster Populations and Supermassive Black Holes in Giant Galaxies”

Rhode, K.L., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 149, “ALFALFA Discovery of the Nearby Gas-Rich Dwarf Galaxy Leo P. II. Optical Imaging Observations”

Richardson, C.T., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 430, 1257, “The Nature of the H2-Emitting Gas in the Crab Nebula”

Rigliaco, E., et al. 2013, ApJ, 772, 60, “Understanding the Origin of the [O I] Low-Velocity Component from T Tauri Stars”

Rivilla, V.M., Martín-Pintado, J., Jiménez-Serra, I., Rodríguez-Franco, A. 2013, A&A, 554, A48, “The Role of Low-Mass Star Clusters in Massive Star Formation. The Orion Case”

Rueff, K.M., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 62, “The Relationship between the Dense Neutral and Diffuse Ionized Gas in the Thick Disks of Two Edge-On Spiral Galaxies”

Sanchis-Ojeda, R., … Everett, M.E., et al. 2013, ApJ, 775, 54, “Kepler-63b: A Giant Planet in a Polar Orbit around a Young Sun-Like Star”

Sandquist, E.L., et al. 2013, ApJ, 762, 58, “A Long-Period Totally Eclipsing Binary Star at the Turnoff of the Open Cluster NGC 6819 Discovered with Kepler”

Schechtman-Rook, A., Bershady, M.A. 2013, ApJ, 773, 45, “Near-Infrared Detection of a Super-Thin Disk in NGC 891”

Schmidt, E.G. 2013, AJ, 146, 61, “Type II Cepheid Candidates. IV. Objects from the Northern Sky Variability Survey”

Schmidt, S.J., Thorman, P. 2013, MNRAS, 431, 2766, “Improved Photometric Redshifts via Enhanced Estimates of System Response, Galaxy Templates and Magnitude Priors”

Schombert, J., McGaugh, S., Maciel, T. 2013, AJ, 146, 41, “Stellar Populations and the Star Formation Histories of Low Surface Brightness Galaxies. II. H II Regions”

Scoville, N., et al. 2013, ApJS, 206, 3, “Evolution of Galaxies and Their Environments at z = 0.1–3 in COSMOS”

Shara, M.M., et al. 2012, ApJ, 758, 121, “AT Cnc: A Second Dwarf Nova with a Classical Nova Shell”

145 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

Sheffield, A.A., … Cunha, K., Smith, V.V., et al. 2012, ApJ, 761, 161, “Identifying Contributions to the Stellar Halo from Accreted, Kicked-Out, and In Situ Populations”

Shetrone, M.D., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 123, “Carbon Abundances for Red Giants in the Draco Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy”

Shim, H., et al. 2013, ApJS, 207, 37, “Hectospec and Hydra Spectra of Infrared Luminous Sources in the AKARI North Ecliptic Pole Survey Field”

Skillman, E.D., et al. 2013, AJ, 146, 3, “ALFALFA Discovery of the Nearby Gas-Rich Dwarf Galaxy Leo P. III. An Extremely Metal Deficient Galaxy”

Smith, V.V., Cunha, K., et al. 2013, ApJ, 765, 16, “Chemical Abundances in Field Red Giants from High- Resolution H-Band Spectra Using the APOGEE Spectral Linelist”

Stefanon, M., et al. 2013, ApJ, 768, 92, “What Are the Progenitors of Compact, Massive, Quiescent Galaxies at z = 2.3? The Population of Massive Galaxies at z > 3 from NMBS and CANDELS”

Stocke, J.T., et al. 2013, ApJ, 763, 148, “Characterizing the Circumgalactic Medium of Nearby Galaxies with HST/COS and HST/STIS Absorption-Line Spectroscopy”

Strassmeier, K.G., Weber, M., Granzer, T., Järvinen, S. 2012, AN, 333, 663, “Rotation, Activity, and Lithium Abundance in Cool Binary Stars”

Sun, W., et al. 2012, ApJ, 760, 61, “Giant H II Regions in M101. I. X-ray Analysis of Hot Gas”

Tabatabaei, F.S., et al. 2013, A&A, 552, A19, “A Detailed Study of the Radio-FIR Correlation in NGC 6946 with Herschel-PACS/SPIRE from KINGFISH”

Tal, T., et al. 2013, ApJ, 769, 31, “Galaxy Environments over Cosmic Time: The Non-evolving Radial Galaxy Distributions around Massive Galaxies since z = 1.6”

Urata, Y., et al. 2012, ApJ, 760, L11, “Unusual Long and Luminous Optical Transient in the Subaru Deep Field”

Usher, C., et al. 2012, MNRAS, 426, 1475, “The SLUGGS Survey: Calcium Triplet-Based Spectroscopic Metallicities for Over 900 Globular Clusters”

Veilleux, S., et al. 2013, ApJ, 764, 15, “The Surprising Absence of Absorption in the Far-Ultraviolet Spectrum of Mrk 231”

Veljanoski, J., et al.2013, ApJ, 768, L33, “Kinematics of Outer Halo Globular Clusters in M31”

Watson, D.F., Conroy, C. 2013, ApJ, 772, 139, “The Strikingly Similar Relation between Satellite and Central Galaxies and Their Dark Matter Halos since z = 2”

Weiss, L.M., … Everett, M.E., et al. 2013, ApJ, 768, 14, “The Mass of KOI-94d and a Relation for Planet Radius, Mass, and Incident Flux”

146 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES & ARCHIVES

Westmoquette, M.S., Smith, L.J., Gallagher, J.S., Walter, F. 2013, MNRAS, 428, 1743, “Spatially Resolved Kinematics of the Multi-Phase Interstellar Medium in the Inner Disc of M82”

Wiesner, M.P., et al. 2012, ApJ, 761, 1, “The Sloan Bright Arcs Survey: Ten Strong Gravitational Lensing Clusters and Evidence of Overconcentration”

Williams, K.A., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 129, “Time-Resolved Spectroscopy of the Polar EU Cancri in the Open Cluster Messier 67”

Williams, S.J., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 29, “Radial Velocities of Galactic O-Type Stars. II. Single-Lined Spectro- scopic Binaries”

Williams, W.L., Intema, H.T., Röttgering, H.J.A. 2013, A&A, 549, A55, “T-RaMiSu: The Two-Meter Radio Mini Survey. I. The Boötes Field”

Wofford, A., Leitherer, C., Salzer, J. 2013, ApJ, 765, 118, “Lyα Escape from z ~ 0.03 Star-Forming Galaxies: The Dominant Role of Outflows”

Wolfe, A., Sion, E.M., Bond, H.E. 2013, AJ, 145, 168, “Far-Ultraviolet Spectroscopy of the Nova-Like Variable KQ Monocerotis: A New SW Sextantis Star?”

Wright, E.L., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 84, “A T8.5 Brown Dwarf Member of the ξ Ursae Majoris System”

Yang, S.-C., et al. 2013, ApJ, 762, 3, “WIYN Open Cluster Study LII: Wide-Field CCD Photometry of the Old Open Cluster NGC 6819”

Ybarra, J.E., et al. 2013, ApJ, 769, 140, “The Progression of Star Formation in the Rosette Molecular Cloud”

Young, M.D., Dowell, J.L., Rhode, K.L. 2012, AJ, 144, 103, “Globular Cluster Systems of Spiral and S0 Galaxies: Results from WIYN Imaging of NGC 1023, NGC 1055, NGC 7332, and NGC 7339”

Zaninoni, E., et al. 2013, A&A, 557, A12, “Gamma-ray Burst Optical Light-Curve Zoo: Comparison with X-ray Observations”

D.3 GEMINI TELESCOPES (NOAO SYSTEM SCIENCE CENTER) During FY13 (Oct. 2012–Sept. 2013), 82 publications used data taken at the Gemini telescopes:

Ade, P.A.R., et al. 2013, A&A, 550, A130, “Planck Intermediate Results IV. The XMM-Newton Validation Programme for New Planck Galaxy Clusters”

Alexander, D.M., et al. 2013, ApJ, 773, 125, “The NuSTAR Extragalactic Survey: A First Sensitive Look at the High-Energy Cosmic X-ray Background Population”

Alves de Oliveira, C., et al. 2013, A&A, 549, A123, “Spectroscopy of Brown Dwarf Candidates in IC 348 and the Determination of Its Substellar IMF Down to Planetary Masses”

Barentine, J.C., Lacy, J.H. 2012, ApJ, 757, 111, “A Comparative Astrochemical Study of the High-Mass Protostellar Objects NGC 7538 IRS 9 and IRS 1”

147 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

Benson, B.A., et al. 2013, ApJ, 763, 147, “Cosmological Constraints from Sunyaev-Zel’dovich-Selected Clusters with X-ray Observations in the First 178 Square Degrees of the South Pole Telescope Survey”

Bian, F., … Dey, A., et al. 2012, ApJ, 757, 139, “An Ultraviolet Ultra-luminous Lyman Break Galaxy at z = 2.78 in NDWFS Boötes Field”

Brittain, S.D., Najita, J.R., et al. 2013, ApJ, 767, 159, “High-Resolution Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of HD 100546. II. Analysis of Variable Rovibrational CO Emission Lines”

Childress, M., et al. 2013, ApJ, 770, 107, “Host Galaxies of Type Ia Supernovae from the Nearby Supernova Factory”

Childress, M., et al. 2013, ApJ, 770, 108, “Host Galaxy Properties and Hubble Residuals of Type Ia Supernovae from the Nearby Supernova Factory”

Chornock, R., et al. 2013, ApJ, 774, 26, “GRB 130606A as a Probe of the Intergalactic Medium and the Interstellar Medium in a Star-Forming Galaxy in the First Gyr after the Big Bang”

Chornock, R., et al. 2013, ApJ, 767, 162, “PS1-10afx at z = 1.388: Pan-Starrs1 Discovery of a New Type of Superluminous Supernova”

Correia, S., et al. 2013, A&A, 557, A63, “Stellar and Circumstellar Properties of Visual Binaries in the Orion Nebula Cluster”

Cucchiara, A., et al. 2013, ApJ, 773, 82, “An Independent Measurement of the Incidence of Mg II Absorbers along Gamma-ray Burst Sight Lines: The End of the Mystery?”

De Lorenzi, F., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 429, 2974, “Three-Integral Multicomponent Dynamical Models and Simulations of the Nuclear Star Cluster in NGC 4244”

Donaldson, J.K., et al. 2013, ApJ, 772, 17, “Modeling the HD 32297 Debris Disk with Far-Infrared Herschel Data”

Dupree, A.K., Avrett, E.H. 2013, ApJ, 773, L28, “Direct Evaluation of the Helium Abundances in Omega Centauri”

Elliott, J., et al. 2013, A&A, 556, A23, “The Low-Extinction Afterglow in the Solar-Metallicity Host Galaxy of γ-ray Burst 110918A”

Faloon, A.J., et al. 2013, ApJ, 768, 104, “The Structure of the Merging RCS 231953+00 Supercluster at z ~ 0.9”

Fong, W., et al. 2013, ApJ, 769, 56, “Demographics of the Galaxies Hosting Short-Duration Gamma-ray Bursts”

Ginski, C., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 434, 671, “Orbital Motion of the Binary Brown Dwarf Companions HD 130948 BC around Their Host Star”

Gladders, M.D., et al. 2013, ApJ, 764, 177, “SGAS 143845.1+145407: A Big, Cool Starburst at Redshift 0.816”

González-Martín, O., et al. 2013, A&A, 553, A35, “Mid-Infrared T-Recs/Gemini Spectra Using the New RedCan Pipeline”

148 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES & ARCHIVES

Grier, C.J., et al. 2013, ApJ, 773, 90, “Stellar Velocity Dispersion Measurements in High-Luminosity Quasar Hosts and Implications for the AGN Black Hole Mass Scale”

Hartoog, O.E., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 430, 2739, “The Host-Galaxy Response to the Afterglow of GRB 100901A”

Hennawi, J.F., Prochaska, J.X. 2013, ApJ, 766, 58, “Quasars Probing Quasars. IV. Joint Constraints on the Circumgalactic Medium from Absorption and Emission”

Hermes, J.J., et al. 2012, ApJ, 757, L21, “Rapid Orbital Decay in the 12.75-Minute Binary White Dwarf J0651+2844”

Hinkle, K.H., Fekel, F.C., Joyce, R.R., Wood, P. 2013, ApJ, 770, 28, “Infrared Spectroscopy of Symbiotic Stars. IX. D-Type Symbiotic Novae”

Howell, S.B., Horch, E.P., Everett, M.E., Ciardi, D.R. 2012, PASP, 124, 1124, “Speckle Camera Imaging of the Planet Pluto”

Hsiao, E.Y., et al. 2013, ApJ, 766, 72, “The Earliest Near-Infrared Time-Series Spectroscopy of a Type Ia Supernova”

Hurley, D.J., Callanan, P.J., Elebert, P., Reynolds, M.T. 2013, MNRAS, 430, 1832, “The Mass of the Black Hole in GRS 195+105: New Constraints from Infrared Spectroscopy”

Indriolo, N., et al. 2012, ApJ, 758, 83, “Chemical Analysis of a Diffuse Cloud along a Line of Sight toward W51: Molecular Fraction and Cosmic-Ray Ionization Rate”

Janson, M., et al. 2013, ApJ, 773, 73, “The Seeds Direct Imaging Survey for Planets and Scattered Dust Emission in Debris Disk Systems”

Janson, M., et al. 2013, ApJ, 773, 170, “A Multiplicity Census of Intermediate-Mass Stars in Scorpius- Centaurus”

Janson, M., et al. 2012, ApJ, 758, L2, “New Brown Dwarf Companions to Young Stars in Scorpius-Centaurus”

Jin, Z., et al. 2013, ApJ, 774, 114, “GRB 081007 and GRB 090424: The Surrounding Medium, Outflows, and Supernovae”

Jonker, P.G., Torres, M.A.P., Steeghs, D., Chakrabarty, D. 2013, MNRAS, 429, 523, “Chandra X-ray and Gemini Near-Infrared Observations of the Eclipsing Millisecond Pulsar SWIFT J1749.4-2807 in Quiescence”

Jørgensen, I., Chiboucas, K. 2013, AJ, 145, 77, “Stellar Populations and Evolution of Early-Type Cluster Galaxies: Constraints from Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy of z = 0.5–0.9 Galaxy Clusters”

Khargharia, J., Froning, C.S., Robinson, E.L., Gelino, D.M. 2013, AJ, 145, 21, “The Mass of the Black Hole in XTE J1118+480”

Kraus, S., et al. 2013, ApJ, 768, 80, “Resolving the Gap and AU-Scale Asymmetries in the Pre-transitional Disk of V1247 Orionis”

Kruger, A.J., … Najita, J.R., et al. 2012, ApJ, 760, 88, “Gas and Dust Absorption in the DoAr 24E System”

149 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

Kruger, A.J., … Najita, J.R., et al. 2013, ApJ, 764, 127, “The Curious Case of Glass I: High Ionization and Variability of Different Types”

Kuncarayakti, H., et al. 2013, AJ, 146, 30, “Integral Field Spectroscopy of Supernova Explosion Sites: Constraining the Mass and Metallicity of the Progenitors. I. Type Ib and Ic Supernovae”

Kuncarayakti, H., et al. 2013, AJ, 146, 31, “Integral Field Spectroscopy of Supernova Explosion Sites: Constraining the Mass and Metallicity of the Progenitors. II. Type II-P and II-L Supernovae”

Leggett, S.K., et al. 2013, ApJ, 763, 130, “A Comparison of Near-Infrared Photometry and Spectra for Y Dwarfs with a New Generation of Cool Cloudy Models”

Li, D., Telesco, C.M., Wright, C.M. 2012, ApJ, 759, 81, “The Mineralogy and Structure of the Inner Debris Disk of  Pectoris”

Li, J.-Y., et al. 2013, Icarus, 222, 559, “Photometric Properties of the Nucleus of Comet 103P/Hartley 2”

Lidman, C., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 433, 825, “The Importance of Major Mergers in the Build Up of Stellar Mass in Brightest Cluster Galaxies at z = 1”

Liskowsky, J.P., … Najita, J.R., et al. 2012, ApJ, 760, 153, “High-Resolution Near-Infrared Spectroscopy of HD 100546. I. Analysis of Asymmetric Ro-vibrational OH Emission Lines”

Liu, G., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 430, 2327, “Observations of Feedback from Radio-Quiet Quasars—I. Extents and Morphologies of Ionized Gas Nebulae”

Lunnan, R., et al. 2013, ApJ, 771, 97, “PS1-10bzj: A Fast, Hydrogen-Poor Superluminous Supernova in a Metal- Poor Host Galaxy”

MacLeod, C.L., Jones, R., Agol, E., Kochanek, C.S. 2013, ApJ, 773, 35, “Detection of Substructure in the Gravitationally Lensed Quasar MG0414+0534 Using Mid-Infrared and Radio VLBI Observations”

Mattila, S., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 431, 2050, “Supernovae and Radio Transients in M82”

Mazzali, P.A., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 432, 2463, “The Very Energetic, Broad-Lined Type Ic Supernova 2010ah (PTF10bzf) in the Context of GRB/SNe”

de Mello, D.F., et al. 2012, MNRAS, 426, 2441, “Star Formation in H I Tails: HCG 92, HCG 100 and Six Interacting Systems”

Menanteau, F., et al. 2013, ApJ, 765, 67, “The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Physical Properties of Sunyaev- Zel’dovich Effect Clusters on the Celestial Equator”

Miyatake, H., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 429, 3627, “Subaru Weak Lensing Measurement of a z = 0.81 Cluster Discovered by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope Survey”

Mok, A., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 431, 1090, “Efficient Satellite Quenching at z ~ 1 from the GEEC2 Spectroscopic Survey of Galaxy Groups”

Nicuesa Guelbenzu, A., et al. 2012, A&A, 548, A101, “Multi-color Observations of Short GRB Afterglows: 20 Events Observed between 2007 and 2010”

150 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES & ARCHIVES

Noble, A.G., et al. 2013, ApJ, 768, 118, “A Kinematic Approach to Assessing Environmental Effects: Star- Forming Galaxies in a z ~ 0.9 SpARCS Cluster Using Spitzer 24 μm Observations”

Ofek, E.O., et al. 2013, Nature, 494, 65, “An Outburst from a Massive Star 40 Days before a Supernova Explosion”

Perley, D.A., et al. 2012, ApJ, 758, 122, “The Luminous Infrared Host Galaxy of Short-Duration GRB 100206A”

Piatti, A.E. 2013, MNRAS, 430, 2358, “A New Extended Main-Sequence Turnoff Star Cluster in the Large Magellanic Cloud”

Prochaska, J.X., Hennawi, J.F., Simcoe, R.A. 2013, ApJ, 762, L19, “A Substantial Mass of Cool, Metal-Enriched Gas Surrounding the Progenitors of Modern-Day Ellipticals”

Rawle, T.D., Lucey, J.R., Smith, R.J., Head, J.T.C.G. 2013, MNRAS, 433, 2667, “S0 Galaxies in the Coma Cluster: Environmental Dependence of the S0 Offset from the Tully-Fisher Relation”

Reichardt, C.L., et al. 2013, ApJ, 763, 127, “Galaxy Clusters Discovered via the Sunyaez-Zel’dovich Effect in the First 720 Square Degrees of the South Pole Telescope Survey”

Rhode, K.L. 2012, AJ, 144, 154, “Exploring the Correlations between Globular Cluster Populations and Supermassive Black Holes in Giant Galaxies”

Riffel, R.A., Storchi-Bermann, T., Winge, C. 2013, MNRAS, 430, 2249, “Feeding versus Feedback in AGNs from Near-Infrared IFU Observations: The Case of Mrk 79”

Rupke, D.S.N., Veilleux, S. 2013, ApJ, 768, 75, “The Multiphase Structure and Power Sources of Galactic Winds in Major Mergers”

Schlieder, J.E., Lépine, S., Simon, M. 2012, AJ, 144, 109, “Likely Members of the  Pictoris and AB Doradus Moving Groups in the North”

Schulze, S., et al. 2012, A&A, 546, A20, “Galaxy Counterparts of Intervening High-z Sub-DLAs/DLAs and Mg II Absorbers towards Gamma-ray Bursts”

Sifón, C., et al. 2013, ApJ, 772, 25, “The Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Dynamical Masses and Scaling Relations for a Sample of Massive Sunyaev-Zel’Dovich Effect Selected Galaxy Clusters”

Sinnott, B., et al. 2013, ApJ, 767, 45, “Asymmetry in the Outburst of SN 1987A Detected Using Light Echo Spectroscopy”

Smith, N. 2013, MNRAS, 429, 2366, “A Model for the 19th Century Eruption of Eta Carinea: CSM Interaction Like a Scaled-Down Type IIn Supernova”

Smith, N., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 429, 1324, “The Ring Nebula around the Blue Supergiant SBW1: Pre-explosion Snapshot of an SN 1987A Twin”

151 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)

Song, J., et al. 2012, ApJ, 761, 22, “Redshifts, Sample Purity, and BCG Positions for the Galaxy Cluster Catalog from the First 720 Square Degrees of the South Pole Telescope Survey”

Starling, R.L.C., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 431, 3159, “X-ray Absorption Evolution in Gamma-ray Bursts: Intergalactic Medium or Evolutionary Signature of Their Host Galaxies”

Tanvir, N.R., et al. 2013, Nature, 500, 547, “A ‘Kilonova’ Associated with the Short-Duration γ-ray Burst GRB 130603B”

Tobin, J.J., et al. 2013, ApJ, 771, 48, “Modeling the Resolved Disk around the Class 0 Protostar L1527”

van der Burg, R.F.J., et al. 2013, A&A, 557, A15, “The Environmental Dependence of the Stellar Mass Function at z ~ 1. Comparing Cluster and Field between the GCLASS and UltraVISTA Surveys”

Wang, Z., et al. 2013, ApJ, 765, 151, “Multiband Studies of the Optical Periodic Modulation in the X-ray Binary SAX J1808.4-3658 during Its Quiescence and 2008 Outburst”

Zauderer, B.A., et al. 2013, ApJ, 767, 161, “Illuminating the Darkest Gamma-ray Bursts with Radio Observa- tions”

D.4 W. M. KECK OBSERVATORY: KECK I AND II During FY13 (Oct. 2012–Sept. 2013), 10 publications used data taken at Keck telescopes as a result of available community-access time:

Bonev, B.P., et al. 2013, Icarus, 222, 740, “Evidence for Two Modes of Water Release in Comet 103P/Hartley 2: Distributions of Column Density, Rotational Temperature, and Ortho-para Ratio”

Cooke, R., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 431, 1625, “The Explosion Energy of Early Stellar Populations: The Fe-Peak Element Ratios in Low-Metallicity Damped Lyα Systems”

Dello Russo, N., et al. 2013, Icarus, 222, 707, “A High-Resolution Infrared Spectral Survey of 103P/Hartley 2 on the Night of the EPOXI Closest Approach”

Harrison, T.E., Campbell, R.D., Lyke, J.E. 2013, AJ, 146, 37, “Phase-Resolved Infrared Spectroscopy and Photometry of V1500 Cygni, and a Search for Similar Old Classical Novae”

Hennawi, J.F., Prochaska, J.X. 2013, ApJ, 766, 58, “Quasars Probing Quasars. IV. Joint Constraints on the Circumgalactic Medium from Absorption and Emission”

Kawakita, H., et al. 2013, Icarus, 222, 723, “Parent Volatiles in Comet 103P/Hartley 2 Observed by Keck II with NIRSPEC during the 2010 Apparition”

Mohanty, S., Stassun, K.G. 2012, ApJ, 758, 12, “High-Resolution Spectroscopy during Eclipse of the Young Substellar Eclipsing Binary 2MASS 0535-0546. II. Secondary Spectrum: No Evidence that Spots Cause the Temperature Reversal”

Ruíz-Rodríguez, D., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 162, “RX J0513.1+0851 and RX J0539.9+0956: Two Young, Rapidly Rotating Spectroscopic Binary Stars”

Simon, M., et al. 2013, ApJ, 773, 28, “Masses and Distance of the Young Binary NTTS 045251+3016”

152 PUBLICATIONS USING DATA FROM NOAO TELESCOPES & ARCHIVES

Torres, G., et al. 2013, ApJ, 773, 40, “The Quadruple Pre-main-sequence System LkCa 3: Implications for Stellar Evolution Models”

D.5 HET AND MMT During FY13 (Oct. 2012–Sept. 2013), 4 publications used data taken at the HET or MMT telescopes as a result of available community-access time:

Curtis, J.L., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 134, “Ruprecht 147: The Oldest Nearby Open Cluster as a New Benchmark for Stellar Astrophysics”

Honeycutt, R.K., Kafka, S., Robertson, J.W. 2013, AJ, 145, 45, “Wind Variability in BZ Camelopardalis”

Jacobson, H.R., Friel, E.D. 2013, AJ, 145, 107, “Zirconium, Barium, Lanthanum, and Europium Abundances in Open Clusters”

Neugent, K.F., Massey, P., Georgy, C. 2012, ApJ, 759, 11, “The Wolf-Rayet Content of M31”

D.6 MAGELLAN I AND II During FY13 (Oct. 2012–Sept. 2013), 2 publications used data taken at the Magellan telescopes as a result of available community-access time:

Lehner, N., et al. 2013, ApJ, 770, 138, “The Bimodal Metallicity Distribution of the Cool Circumgalactic Medium at z ≲ 1”

Zheng, Z.-Y., et al. 2013, MNRAS, 431, 3589, “Lyα Luminosity Functions at Redshift z ≈ 4.5”

D.7 CHARA AND HALE During FY13 (Oct. 2012–Sept. 2013), 2 publications used data taken at the CHARA or Hale telescopes as a result of available community-access time:

Baines, E.K., … Ridgway, S.T., et al. 2013, ApJ, 772, 16, “Characterization of the Red Giant HR 2582 Using the CHARA Array”

Howell, S.B., Everett, M.E., et al. 2013, AJ, 145, 109, “Spectroscopy of New and Poorly Known Cataclysmic Variables in the Kepler Field”

D.8 NOAO SCIENCE ARCHIVE During FY13 (Oct. 2012–Sept. 2013), 42 publications used data stored in the NOAO Science Archive:

Bally, J., Walawender, J., Reipurth, B. 2012, AJ, 144, 143, “Deep Imaging Surveys of Star-Forming Clouds. V. New Herbig-Haro Shocks and Giant Outflows in Taurus”

153 NOAO FISCAL YEAR ANNUAL REPORT FY 2013 (REVISED)