Merengue: Dominican Music and Identity Paul Austerlitz Gettysburg College
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Cover Illustrations by the Author after two drawings by François Boucher. i Contents Note on Dates iii. Introduction 1. Chapter I - The Coming of the Dutchman: Prior’s Diplomatic Apprenticeship 7. Chapter II - ‘Mat’s Peace’, the betrayal of the Dutch, and the French friendship 17. Chapter III - The Treaty of Commerce and the Empire of Trade 33. Chapter IV - Matt, Harry, and the Idea of a Patriot King 47. Conclusion - ‘Britannia Rules the Waves’ – A seventy-year legacy 63. Bibliography 67. ii Note on Dates: The dates used in the following are those given in the sources from which each particular reference comes, and do not make any attempt to standardize on the basis of either the Old or New System. It should also be noted that whilst Englishmen used the Old System at home, it was common (and Matthew Prior is no exception) for them to use the New System when on the Continent. iii Introduction It is often the way with historical memory that the man seen by his contemporaries as an important powerbroker is remembered by posterity as little more than a minor figure. As is the case with many men of the late-Seventeenth- and early-Eighteenth-Centuries, Matthew Prior’s (1664-1721) is hardly a household name any longer. Yet in the minds of his contemporaries and in the political life of his country even after his death his importance was, and is, very clear. Since then he has been the subject of three full-length biographies, published in 1914, 1921, and 1939, all now out of print.1 Although of low birth Prior managed to attract the attention of wealthy patrons in both literary and diplomatic circles and was, despite his humble station, blessed with an education that was to be the foundation of his later success. -
Our Boundaries
Our Boundaries. 4i us how much we have yet to do to fill up our territory. Even Russia has ten times as many inhabitants to the square mile as British America, It is true that much of our country possesses a climate severe in winter, but we have a rich Great West, as yet not opened up to the husbandman, while the mineral wealth even of the far North is alluring. We cannot better cbnclude this article than by transcribing some words of the Right Rev. Dr. Mullock, Bishop of Newfoundland:—" Suppose America to "be the old country and Europe the new, and that the tide of emigration set Eastward, it would "naturally be directed to the banks of the Garonne, the Tagus, the Guadalquiver, or to the shores of " Italy or Sicily, not to the Elbe or the Baltic. Such is the case with us at present—the tide of " European emigration sets towards the broad rich lands of the Unite States. But let these get filled "in * * *_ it will be as difficult to get a living there as now in the crowded countries of Europe. *'When taxation will be increased, perhaps large standing armies kept on foot; then the people of " these northern regions, increasing and multiplying, will cultivate their now waste lands as do the " Swedes, the Danes, the Prussians. Let us consider what. British America was*fifty years ago, " what it is now, and what it may be a century hence " OUR BOUNDARIES. The Dominion of Canada is the legitimate heir to the old French Empire in North America, and although the inheritance has come down to us sadly diminished in extent, we may indulge ourselves in a condensed review of its ancient limits. -
Dominican Republic
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC COUNTRY READER TABLE OF CONTENTS William Belton 1940-1942 3rd Secretary and Vice Consul, Ciudad Trujillo William Tapley Bennett 1941-1944 Civil Attaché, Ciudad Trujillo James McCargar 1943-1944 Economic/Consular Officer, Ciudad Trujillo G. Harvey Summ 1948-1949 Administrative/Political Officer, Ciudad Trujillo William Belton 1949-1952 Deputy Chief of Mission, Ciudad Trujillo Wendell W. Woodbury 1952-1954 Economic Officer, Ciudad Trujillo Joseph S. Farland 1957-1960 Ambassador, Dominican Republic Henry Dearborn 1959-1961 Deputy Chief of Mission, Ciudad Trujillo Gerald J. Monroe 1961-1962 Visa Officer, Santo Domingo Harry W. Shlaudeman 1962-1963 Envoy, Dominican Republic Lewis M. White 1962-1964 Economic Officer, Santo Domingo Serban Vallimarescu 1962-1964 Public Affairs Officer, Santo Domingo Alexander F. Watson 1962-1965 Consular/Political Officer, Santo Domingo John Hugh Crimmins 1963-1966 Director, Dominican Republic Affairs, Washington, DC Dorothy Jester 1964-1965 Economic Officer, Santo Domingo William Tapley Bennett 1964-1966 Ambassador, Dominican Republic John A. Bushnell 1964-1967 Economic & AID Officer, Santo Domingo Cyrus R. Vance 1965 Envoy, Dominican Republic 1 Edmund Murphy 1965 Foreign Information Officer, USIS, Washington, DC Richard H. Melton 1965-1967 Consular Officer, Santo Domingo Richard C. Barkley 1965-1967 Vice Consul, Santiago de los Caballeros Robert E. White 1965-1968 Chief Political Section, Santo Domingo Lawrence E. Harrison 1965-1968 Deputy Director, USAID, San Santo Domingo David E. Simcox 1966-1967 Political Officer, Santo Domingo John Hugh Crimmins 1966-1969 Ambassador, Dominican Republic John A. Ferch 1967-1969 Principal Officer, Santiago de los Caballeros Lowell Fleischer 1968-1971 Political Officer, Santo Domingo Lawrence P. -
Eisenhower and the Overthrow of Rafael Trujillo by Stephen G. Rabe
Winter 1986 Eisenhower and the Overthrow of Rafael Trujillo by Stephen G. Rabe INTRODUCTION In the mid-1970s, in the aftermath of the Watergate scandals, journal ists, legislators, and scholars inquired into the Cold War activities of the Central Intelligence Agency. Among the most significant of the studies was the report, Alleged Assassination Plots Involving Foreign Leaders, issued by the Select Senate Committee charged to study intelligence activities and chaired by Senator Frank.Church, Democrat of Idaho.1 The committee concluded that, during the Eisenhower and Kennedy administrations, U.S. officials plotted to kill Fidel Castro of Cuba and Patrice Lumumba of the Congo. The senators also found that officials supplied weapons to Dominican dissidents whose aim was to assassinate Rafael Trujillo. Finally, they agreed that in 1963 the Kennedy administration had encour aged South Vietnamese generals to overthrow Ngo Dinh Diem and that in 1970 the Nixon government encouraged Chilean military officers to block Salvador Allende from assuming the office of President of Chile. Those plots led to the death of Diem and his brother, and General Rene Schneider, the Chilean Commander-in-Chief of the Army and a constitu tionalist opposed to military coups. Though the Church Committee found no evidence that U.S. officials favored the assassinations of the Diem brothers or Schneider, as a result of these findings, the U.S. Congress made assassination of foreign leaders illegal. While the senators determined that the United States had plotted against foreign leaders, they could not agree on who authorized the assas sination plots. The system of executive command and control, they noted, "was so ambiguous that it is difficult to be certain at what levels assassina tion activity was known and authorized." The CIA may have acted without explicit authorization from the presidents. -
Blood, Power, and Privilege: Why the Man Who Ordered the Slaughter of a Race Was Not Racist
Constructing the Past Volume 7 Issue 1 Article 15 2006 Blood, Power, and Privilege: Why the man who ordered the slaughter of a race was not racist Elizabeth Johnson Illinois Wesleyan University Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/constructing Recommended Citation Johnson, Elizabeth (2006) "Blood, Power, and Privilege: Why the man who ordered the slaughter of a race was not racist," Constructing the Past: Vol. 7 : Iss. 1 , Article 15. Available at: https://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/constructing/vol7/iss1/15 This Article is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Commons @ IWU with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this material in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This material has been accepted for inclusion by editorial board of the Undergraduate Economic Review and the Economics Department at Illinois Wesleyan University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ©Copyright is owned by the author of this document. Blood, Power, and Privilege: Why the man who ordered the slaughter of a race was not racist Abstract This article argues that Trujillo's ordered massacre of the people in Haiti did not stem from his own racism. Rather, it argues that it was motivated by a desire to please the Dominican elite and a desire for personal power. -
The United States and the Trujillo Regime
THE UNITED STATES NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN AND THE TRUJILLO REGIME by PACIFIC G. Pope Atkins OCEAN and Larman C. Wilson SOUTH ATLANTIC OCEAN LATIN AMERICA RUTGERS UNIVERSITY PRESS ~ I~ New Brunswick, New Jersey 102 THE UNITED STATES AND THE TRUJILLO REGIME ACCOMMODATION TO CHANGE 103 beginning in 1956 (discussed in Chapter II) that opposition to field on January 1, after his defeat by Fidel Castro in the Cuban Trujillo would violate the principle of nonintervention, the revolution, he fled to the Dominican Republic, thus joining United States was not unresponsive to its critics. On occasion deposed Argentine dictatorJuan Peron, who had already sought the United States would admit that perhaps it had been overly and gained refuge there. Trujillo and Batista had had many friendly to dictatorial regimes.1 differences, but after the United States ceased its military aid to During the last two years of the Eisenhower administration, Cuba, Trujillo had sold military equipment to Batista. Castro the orientation of the Latin American policy of the United States had hated Trujillo on ideological grounds as well as for support began to change. The major catalyst for change was Vice-Presi ing Batista. Now his hatred of Trujillo was intensified when dent Nixon's hostile reception during his 1958 Latin American asylum was granted the former Cuban dictator. "good will" tour, especially in Peru and Venezuela. The saliva, Castro announced his determination not only to carry out a rocks and insults hurled at Nixon reflected Latin American dis thoroughgoing social revolution in Cuba itself, but also to work satisfaction with United States policies toward dictators, among for the speedy elimination of all remaining military dictator other things. -
Performances of Peace
Performances of Peace Performances of Peace Utrecht 1713 Edited by Renger E. de Bruin, Cornelis van der Haven, Lotte Jensen and David Onnekink LEIDEN | BOSTON This is an open access title distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported (CC-BY-NC 3.0) License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the origi- nal author(s) and source are credited. This research has been made possible with the generous support of The Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO). Cover illustration: A meeting of the negotiators in the Utrecht city hall, Utrechtse Vrede, geslooten in ‘t jaar 1713 (Peace of Utrecht, concluded in the year 1713). Late-18th-century engraving by Simon Fokke from Jan Wagenaar, Vaderlandsche historie verkort en by vraagen en antwoorden voorgesteld (Amsterdam: By de Wed. Isaak Tirion, 1770). Utrechts Archief, Utrecht This publication has been typeset in the multilingual “Brill” typeface. With over 5,100 characters covering Latin, IPA, Greek, and Cyrillic, this typeface is especially suitable for use in the humanities. For more information, please see www.brill.com/brill-typeface. isbn 978-9004-30477-2 (hardback) isbn 978-9004-30478-9 (e-book) Copyright 2015 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. -
Curriculum Guide. Grade 8. Louisiana State Dept. of Education, Bato
DOCUMENT RESUME ED 296 931 SO 019 166 TITLE Acadians of Louisiana: Curriculum Guide. Grade 8. Bulletin 1780. INSTITUTION Louisiana State Dept. of Education, Baton Rouge. Div. of Academic Programs. PUB DATE [873 NOTE 237p.; Acadian Odyssey Bicentennial Commission and the Council for the Development of French in Louisiana co-sponsored the development of this publication. PUB TYPE Guides Classroom Use Guides (For Teachers) (052) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC10 Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Course Content; Cultural Awareness; Cultural Background; *Cultural Education; Cultural Influences; Curriculum Development; Folk Culture; *Grade 8; History; History Instruction; Information Sources; Instructional Materials; Junior High Schools; Learning Activities; Program Content; Resource Units; *Social Studies; State Curriculum Guides; *State History; State Programs; Units of Study IDENTIFIERS *Acadians; Cajuns; *Louisiana ABSTRACT This document, a supplement to the "Louisiana Studies Curriculum Guide," was designed to enhance junior high school students' appreciation for the Acadian settlers impact on Louisiana history and culture. A course outline presents four units of study that include: (1) early history; (2) life in Louisiana; (3) social and cultural life; and (4) the evolving and modern Cajuns. Each unit is divided into specific sections that contain: (1) generalization, concept, and learner outcome statements; (2) a content outline; and (3) suggested activities. A 50-item bibliography and glossary of terms are provided. Appendices include: (1) a suggested teaching timetable; (2) a teacher's reference entitled, "Louisiana French Heritage"; (3) student handouts; (4) maps; (5) Acadian music and dances; (6) suggested French language learning objectives and activities; (7) an overview of Louisiana French oral literature; (8) an exploration of the role and history of Cajun music in Louisiana French society; and (9) a selected collection of Acadian recipes. -
Race, Statelessness, and Dominico-Haitian Activism in the Dominican Republic Jacqueline Lyon Florida International University, [email protected]
Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 6-25-2018 Inheriting Illegality: Race, Statelessness, and Dominico-Haitian Activism in the Dominican Republic Jacqueline Lyon Florida International University, [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FIDC006870 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the Latin American Studies Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation Lyon, Jacqueline, "Inheriting Illegality: Race, Statelessness, and Dominico-Haitian Activism in the Dominican Republic" (2018). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3765. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3765 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida INHERITING ILLEGALITY: RACE, STATELESSNESS, AND DOMINICO-HAITIAN ACTIVISM IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in GLOBAL AND SOCIOCULTURAL STUDIES by Jacqueline Lyon 2018 To: Dean John F. Stack, Jr. Steven J. Green School of International and Public Affairs This dissertation, written by Jacqueline Lyon, and Inheriting Illegality: Race, Statelessness, and Dominico-Haitian Activism in the Dominican Republic, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. _____________________________________ Percy Hintzen ___________________________________ Okezi Otovo _____________________________________ Andrea Queeley _____________________________________ Jorge Duany, Major Professor Date of Defense: June 25, 2018 The dissertation of Jacqueline Lyon is approved. -
Mark Scheme (A-Level) : Component 2F the Sun King: Louis XIV, France
A-level History 7042/2F-Component 2F The Sun King: Louis XIV, France and Europe, 1643–1715 Mark scheme June 2018 Version/Stage: 1.0 Final MARK SCHEME – A-LEVEL HISTORY – 7042/2F – JUNE 2018 Mark schemes are prepared by the Lead Assessment Writer and considered, together with the relevant questions, by a panel of subject teachers. This mark scheme includes any amendments made at the standardisation events which all associates participate in and is the scheme which was used by them in this examination. The standardisation process ensures that the mark scheme covers the students’ responses to questions and that every associate understands and applies it in the same correct way. As preparation for standardisation each associate analyses a number of students’ scripts. Alternative answers not already covered by the mark scheme are discussed and legislated for. If, after the standardisation process, associates encounter unusual answers which have not been raised they are required to refer these to the Lead Assessment Writer. It must be stressed that a mark scheme is a working document, in many cases further developed and expanded on the basis of students’ reactions to a particular paper. Assumptions about future mark schemes on the basis of one year’s document should be avoided; whilst the guiding principles of assessment remain constant, details will change, depending on the content of a particular examination paper. Further copies of this mark scheme are available from aqa.org.uk Copyright © 2018 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved. AQA retains the copyright on all its publications. However, registered schools/colleges for AQA are permitted to copy material from this booklet for their own internal use, with the following important exception: AQA cannot give permission to schools/colleges to photocopy any material that is acknowledged to a third party even for internal use within the centre. -
THE CONCERT of NATIONS: MUSIC, POLITICAL THOUGHT and DIPLOMACY in EUROPE, 1600S-1800S
THE CONCERT OF NATIONS: MUSIC, POLITICAL THOUGHT AND DIPLOMACY IN EUROPE, 1600s-1800s A Dissertation Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Cornell University In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Damien Gérard Mahiet August 2011 © 2011 Damien Gérard Mahiet THE CONCERT OF NATIONS: MUSIC, POLITICAL THOUGHT AND DIPLOMACY IN EUROPE, 1600s-1800s Damien Gérard Mahiet, Ph. D. Cornell University 2011 Musical category, political concept, and political myth, the Concert of nations emerged within 16th- and 17th-century court culture. While the phrase may not have entered the political vocabulary before the end of the 18th century, the representation of nations in sonorous and visual ensembles is contemporary to the institution of the modern state and the first developments of the international system. As a musical category, the Concert of nations encompasses various genres— ballet, dance suite, opera, and symphony. It engages musicians in making commonplaces, converting ad hoc representations into shared realities, and uses multivalent forms that imply, rather than articulate political meaning. The Nutcracker, the ballet by Tchaikovsky, Vsevolozhsky, Petipa and Ivanov, illustrates the playful re- composition of semiotic systems and political thought within a work; the music of the battle scene (Act I) sets into question the equating of harmony with peace, even while the ballet des nations (Act II) culminates in a conventional choreography of international concord (Chapter I). Chapter II similarly demonstrates how composers and librettists directly contributed to the conceptual elaboration of the Concert of nations. Two works, composed near the close of the War of Polish Succession (1733-38), illustrate opposite constructions of national character and conflict resolution: Schleicht, spielende Wellen, und murmelt gelinde (BWV 206) by Johann Sebastian Bach (librettist unknown), and Les Sauvages by Jean-Philippe Rameau and Louis Fuzelier. -
Part One Some Historical, Legal and Economic Aspects of the Saar
*SlhC<t)fy COUNCIL OF EUROPE CONSULTATIVE ASSEMBLY FIFTH ORDINARY SESSION COMMITTEE ON GENERAL AFFAIRS PACECOM005866 Fourth Session THE FUTURE POSITION OF THE SAAR Parf One Some Historical, Legal and Economic Aspects of the Soar Problem REPORT submitted by M. van der Goes van Maters, Rapporteur. Strasbourg 20th August, 1953. Restricted AS/AG (5) 17 r^f>~h i R02PF//T THE FUTURE POSITION OF THE SAAR Part One Some Historical, Legal and Economic Aspects of the Soar Problem REPORT submitted by M. van der Goes van Naters, Rapporteur. TABLE OF CONTENTS PART ONE SOME HISTORICAL, LEGAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECTS OP THE SAAR PROBLEM Page Preface by the Rapporteur 1 A. HISTORICAL ASPECT I. Introduction 6 II. From the Celtic Period until 1552 8 III. Henry II and the conquest of the Three Bishoprics 12 IV. Louis XIV's Rhine Policy 13 V. The Saar during the 18th Century 16 VI. The Revolution and the First Empire in the Saar — The Treaties of 1814 and 1815 18 VII. The Saar 1815—1918 27 VIII. The Saar settlement at Versailles 30 IX. The International Regime and the Plebiscite 35 X. The Saar 1935—1945 45 XI. Post-war developments 49 Appendix: The elections of 1947 and 1952 59 Maps : 1. The Franco-German frontiers in the area of the Saar in 1790, 1814 and 1815.. .. 26 2. The Saar frontiers, 1920—1952 47 B. LEGAL ASPECT A. — Legal Aspects of the International Regime in the Saar Basin, 1920—1935 I. Creation of the International Regime 63 1. Cession of the mines to France 63 2.