Penyata Rasmi Parlimen Parliamentary Debates
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Dewan Rakyat
Bil. 77 Selasa 5 Disember 2000 MALAYSIA PENYATA RASMI PARLIMEN DEWAN RAKYAT PARLIMEN KESEPULUH PENGGAL KEDUA MESYUARAT KETIGA KANDUNGAN . JAWAPAN-JAWAPAN LISAN BAGI PERTANY AAN-PERTANY AAN (Halaman I) RANG UNDANG-UNDANG DIBA WA KE DALAM MESYUARAT (Halaman 14) RANG UNDANG-UNDANG: Rang Undang-undang Perbekalan 2001 ~ Jawatankuasa : Jadual- Maksud B.48 (Halaman 14) Maksud B.50 (Halaman 38) USUL-USUL: Anggaran Pembangunan 2001 Jawatankuasa : Maksud P.48 (Halaman 14) Maksud P.50 (Halaman .38) Diterbitkan oleh CAWANGAN DOKUMENTASI PARLIMEN MALAYSIA 2000 - ---------- .. DR.05.12.2000 AHLI-AHLI DEWAN RAKYAT Yang Amat Berbahagia Tuan Yang di-Pertua, Tun Dr. Mohamed Zahir bin Haji Ismail, S.S.M., P.M.N., S.P.M.K., D.S.D.K. J.M.N. Yang Amat Berhorrnat Perdana Menteri, Dato Seri Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad, D.K.(Brunei), D.K.(Perlis), D.K.(Johor), D.U.K., S.S.D.K., S.S.A.P., S.P.M.S., S.P.M.J., D.P. (Sarawak), D.U.P.N., S.P.N.S., S.P.D.K., S.P.C.M., S.S.M.T., D.U.M.N., P.l.S. (Kubang Pasu) Timbalan Perdana Menteri dan Menteri Dalam Negeri, Dato' Seri Abdullah bin Haji Ahmad Badawi, D.G.P.N., D.S.S.A., D.M.P.N., D.J.N., K.M.N., A.M.N., S.P.M.S. (Kepala Batas) Yang Berhorrnat Menteri Pengangkutan, Dato' Seri Dr. Ling Liong Sik, S.P.M.P., D.G.S.M., D.P.M.P. D.P.M.S. (Labis) Menteri Kerja Raya, Dato' Seri S. -
Aturan Urusan Mesyuarat
MALAYSIA DEWAN RAKYAT ATURAN URUSAN MESYUARAT NASKHAH SAHIH/BAHASA MALAYSIA http:/(www.parlimen.gov.my HARI SELASA, 2 SEPTEMBER 2003 PUKUL 10.00 PAGI BiI.29 1 PERTANYAAN-PERTANYAAN BAGI JAWAB L1SAN (PM #34964 v1) 1. Dato' Ir. Mohd. Zin bin Mohamed [Shah Alam] minta MENTERI PERDAGANGAN ANT ARABAN GSA DAN INDUSTRI menyatakan apakah kerjasama ekonomi Asia Timur sebagai jawapan kepada globalisasi dan memecahkan benteng monopoli Amerika Syarikat dan Kesatuan Eropah. (PM #34032 v1) 2. Tuan Chang See Ten [Gelang Patah] minta MENTERI DALAM NEGERI menyatakan sejauh manakah kejayaan tercapai dalam usaha Kerajaan untuk menerapkan semula bekas banduan ke dalam masyarakat. (PM #34042 v1) 3. Drs. Haji Abu Bakar bin Othman [Jerlun] minta MENTERI PENDIDIKAN menyatakan berapakah jumlah peruntukan yang telah diberikan kepada Sekolah Agama Rakyat (SAR) semenjak tahun 1999 sebelum ia diberhentikan dan apakah kesannya terhadap institusi tersebut dan masyarakat sehingga kini. (PM #34080 v1) 4. Dato' Othman bin Abdul [Pendang] minta MENTERI DALAM NEGERI menyatakan jumlah kakitangan Kerajaan yang terlibat dengan Pasukan Khas Persekutuan Malaysia (PKPM) dan Jabatan-jabatan terlibat. Mengapa Kementerian mengambil masa yang agak lama untuk mengesan kegiatan PKPM. 2 AUM DR 02/09/2003 (PM #35220 v1) (PM #34092 v1) 5. Tuan Haji Amihamzah bin Ahmad [Lipis1 minta MENTERI TANAH DAN PEMSANGUNAN KOPERASI menyatakan sejauh manakah FELDA berjaya menangani masalah pemilikan tanah dan apakah langkah-Iangkah yang diambil untuk mengekalkan pemilikan ini setelah peneroka diberi hak milik. (PM #35051 v1) 6. Tuan Kerk Kim Hock [Kota Melaka] minta MENTERI PENDIDIKAN menyatakan butir-butir berikut bagi projek makmal komputer sekolah bagi semua fasa:- (a) jumlah makmal komputer bagi tiap-tiap negeri; dan (b) jumlah yang telah disiapkan dan masalah yang dihadapi dan puncanya. -
Teks-Ucapan-Pengumuman-Kabinet
TEKS UCAPAN YAB DATO’ SRI ISMAIL SABRI YAAKOB PERDANA MENTERI MALAYSIA PEMBENTUKAN KABINET BISMILLAHIRRAHMANNIRRAHIM Assalamualaikum Warahmatullahi Wabarakatuh dan Salam Sejahtera KABINET BERORIENTASIKAN HASIL Keluarga Malaysia yang saya kasihi sekalian, 1. Segala puji dan syukur saya panjatkan kepada Allah SWT kerana atas berkat dan rahmat-Nya, dapat saya mengumumkan barisan Kabinet yang telah mendapat perkenan Kebawah Duli Yang Maha Mulia Seri Paduka Baginda Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Al-Sultan Abdullah Ri'ayatuddin Al-Mustafa Billah Shah Ibni Almarhum Sultan Haji Ahmad Shah Al-Musta'in Billah. 2. Barisan Kabinet yang dibentuk hari ini merupakan pasukan pengurusan yang akan bekerja bersama rakyat. Kabinet ini perlu bertindak pantas dan bersepadu dalam usaha membebaskan Malaysia daripada ancaman pandemik COVID-19, kegawatan ekonomi serta kekusutan politik. 3. Umum mengetahui saya menerima kerajaan ini dalam keadaan seadanya. Justeru, pembentukan Kabinet ini merupakan satu formulasi semula berdasarkan situasi semasa, demi mengekalkan kestabilan dan meletakkan kepentingan serta keselamatan Keluarga Malaysia lebih daripada segala-galanya. 4. Saya akui bahawa kita sedang berada dalam keadaan yang getir akibat pandemik COVID-19, kegawatan ekonomi dan diburukkan lagi dengan ketidakstabilan politik negara. 5. Berdasarkan ramalan Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia (WHO), kita akan hidup bersama COVID-19 sebagai endemik, yang bersifat kekal dan menjadi sebahagian daripada kehidupan manusia. 6. Dunia mencatatkan kemunculan Variant of Concern (VOC) yang lebih agresif dan rekod di seluruh dunia menunjukkan mereka yang telah divaksinasi masih boleh dijangkiti COVID- 19. 7. Oleh itu, kerajaan akan memperkasa Agenda Nasional Malaysia Sihat (ANMS) dalam mendidik Keluarga Malaysia untuk hidup bersama virus ini. Kita perlu terus mengawal segala risiko COVID-19 dan mengamalkan norma baharu dalam kehidupan seharian. -
Penyata Rasmi Parlimen Parliamentary Debates
Jilid IV Bari Selasa Bil. 16 lOhb Mei 1994 MALAYSIA PENYATA RASMI PARLIMEN PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES DEWAN RAKYAT House of Representatives PARLIMEN KELAPAN Eighth Parliament PENGGAL KEEMPAT Fourth Session KAND UN GAN RANG UNDANG-UNDANG: Rang Undang-undang Perlembagaan (Pindaan) 1994 [Ruangan 2583] Rang Undang-undang Pilihanraya (Pindaan) 1994 [Ruangan 2714] Rang Undang-undang Kesalahan Pilihanraya (Pindaan) 1994 [Ruangan 2732] Rang Undang-undang Perkapalan Saudagar (Pindaan) 1994 [Ruangan 2793] USUL: Waktu Mesyuarat dan Urusan yang dibebaskan daripada Peraturan Mesyuarat dan Penangguhan [Ruangan 2686] D!CETAK OLEH PERCETAKAN NASIONAL MALAYSIA BERHAD, • CAW ANGAN JOHOR BAHRU ....... 1998 MALAYSIA DEWAN RAKYAT YANG KELAPAN Penyata Rasmi Parlimen PENGGAL YANG KEEMPAT AHLI-AHLI DEWAN RAKYAT Yang Berhormat Tuan Yang di-Pertua, TAN SRI DATO' MOHAMED ZAHIR BIN HAn ISMAIL, P.M.N., S.P.M.K., D.S.D.K., J.M.N. Yang Amat Berhormat Perdana Menteri dan Menteri Dalam Negeri, DATO' SERI DR MAHATHIR BIN MOHAMAD, D.K.1., D.U.K., S.S.D.K., S.S.A.P., S.P.M.S., S.P.M.J., D.P., D.U.P.N., S.P.N.S., S.P.D.K., S.P.C.M., S.S.M.T., D.U.N.M., P.1.s. (Kubang Pasu) Timbalan Perdana Menteri dan Menteri Kewangan, DATO' SERI ANWAR BIN IBRAHIM, S.S.A.P., S.S.S.A., D.G.S.M., D.M.P.N. (Permatang Pauh) Yang Berhormat Menteri Pengangkutan, DATO' SERI DR LING LIONG S1K, s.P.M.P., D.P.M.S., D.P.M.P., D.G.S.M. -
Trends in Southeast Asia
ISSN 0219-3213 2016 no. 9 Trends in Southeast Asia THE EXTENSIVE SALAFIZATION OF MALAYSIAN ISLAM AHMAD FAUZI ABDUL HAMID TRS9/16s ISBN 978-981-4762-51-9 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace Singapore 119614 http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg 9 789814 762519 Trends in Southeast Asia 16-1461 01 Trends_2016-09.indd 1 29/6/16 4:52 PM The ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute (formerly Institute of Southeast Asian Studies) was established in 1968. It is an autonomous regional research centre for scholars and specialists concerned with modern Southeast Asia. The Institute’s research is structured under Regional Economic Studies (RES), Regional Social and Cultural Studies (RSCS) and Regional Strategic and Political Studies (RSPS), and through country- based programmes. It also houses the ASEAN Studies Centre (ASC), Singapore’s APEC Study Centre, as well as the Nalanda-Sriwijaya Centre (NSC) and its Archaeology Unit. 16-1461 01 Trends_2016-09.indd 2 29/6/16 4:52 PM 2016 no. 9 Trends in Southeast Asia THE EXTENSIVE SALAFIZATION OF MALAYSIAN ISLAM AHMAD FAUZI ABDUL HAMID 16-1461 01 Trends_2016-09.indd 3 29/6/16 4:52 PM Published by: ISEAS Publishing 30 Heng Mui Keng Terrace Singapore 119614 [email protected] http://bookshop.iseas.edu.sg © 2016 ISEAS – Yusof Ishak Institute, Singapore All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission. The author is wholly responsible for the views expressed in this book which do not necessarily reflect those of the publisher. -
Penyata Rasmi Parlimen Parliamentary Debates
, Jilid IV Hari Isnin Bil. 33 24hb Oktober 1994 MALAYSIA PENYATA RASMI PARLIMEN PARLIAMENTARY DEBATES DEWAN RAKYAT House of Representatives PARLIMEN KELAPAN Eighth Parliament PENGGAL KETIGA Third Session KAND UN GAN JAWAPAN-JAWAPAN MULUT BAGI PERTANYAAN-PERTANYAAN [Ruangan 5579] USUL MENANGGUHKAN MESYUARAT DI BAWAH PERATURAN MESYUARAT 18: Tindakan tidak adil Peguam Negara dalam kes hubungan sulit Tan Sri Abdul Rahim Tamby Chik dengan pelajar bawah umur - Y.B. Tuan Lim Guan Eng (Kota Melaka) [Ruangan 5612] RANG UNDANG-UNDANG DIBA WA KE DALAM MESYUARAT [Ruangan 5617] RANG UNDANG-UNDANG: Ran~ndang-undang Penghutang (Pindaan) 1994 [Ruang 5617] USUL: Tindakan tidak adil Peguam Negara dalam kes hubungan sulit Tan Sri Abdul Rahim Tamby Chik dengan pelajar bawah umur - Y.B. Tuan Lim Guan Eng (Kota Melaka) [Ruangan 5725] Waktu Mesyuarat dan Urusan yang dibebaskan daripada Peraturan Mesyuarat [Ruangan 5724] 5557 MALAYSIA 5558 DEWAN RAKYAT YANG KELAPAN Penyata Rasmi Parlimen PENGGAL YANG KEMPAT AHLI-AHLI DEW AN RAKYAT Yang Berhormat Tuan Yang di-Pertua, TAN SRI DATO' MOHAMED ZAHIR BIN HAJI ISMAIL, P.M.N., S.P.M.K., D.S.D.K., J.M.N. Yang Amat Berhormat Perdana Menteri dan Menteri Dalam Negeri, DATO' SERI DR. MAHATHIR BIN MOHAMAD, D.K. J ., D.U.K., S.S.D.K., S.S.A.P., S.P.M.S., S.P.M.J., D.P., D.U.P.N., S.P.N.S., S.P.D.K., S.P.C.M., S.S.M.T., D.U.N.M., P.1.s. (Kubang Pasu) Timbalan Perdana Menteri dan Menteri Kewangan, DATO' SERI ANWAR BIN IBRAHIM, D.U.P.N., S.S.A.P., S.S.S.A., D.G.S.M., S.P.N.S., S.P.D.K . -
Sexuality, Islam and Politics in Malaysia: a Study of the Shifting Strategies of Regulation
SEXUALITY, ISLAM AND POLITICS IN MALAYSIA: A STUDY OF THE SHIFTING STRATEGIES OF REGULATION TAN BENG HUI B. Ec. (Soc. Sciences) (Hons.), University of Sydney, Australia M.A. in Women and Development, Institute of Social Studies, The Netherlands A THESIS SUBMITTED FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN STUDIES NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2012 ii Acknowledgements The completion of this dissertation was made possible with the guidance, encouragement and assistance of many people. I would first like to thank all those whom I am unable to name here, most especially those who consented to being interviewed for this research, and those who helped point me to relevant resources and information. I have also benefited from being part of a network of civil society groups that have enriched my understanding of the issues dealt with in this study. Three in particular need mentioning: Sisters in Islam, the Coalition for Sexual and Bodily Rights in Muslim Societies (CSBR), and the Kartini Network for Women’s and Gender Studies in Asia (Kartini Asia Network). I am grateful as well to my colleagues and teachers at the Department of Southeast Asian Studies – most of all my committee comprising Goh Beng Lan, Maznah Mohamad and Irving Chan Johnson – for generously sharing their intellectual insights and helping me sharpen mine. As well, I benefited tremendously from a pool of friends and family who entertained my many questions as I tried to make sense of my research findings. My deepest appreciation goes to Cecilia Ng, Chee Heng Leng, Chin Oy Sim, Diana Wong, Jason Tan, Jeff Tan, Julian C.H. -
P. 6 Maritime Forces………………
Editorial Team Inside this Brief Captain (Dr.) Gurpreet S Khurana Maritime Security…………………………….p. 6 Commander Dinesh Yadav Ms Neelima Joshi, Ms Preeti Yadav Maritime Forces………………………………p. 29 Address Shipping,Ports and Ocean Economy….p. 37 National Maritime Foundation Varuna Complex, NH- 8 Geopolitics,Marine Enviroment Airport Road New Delhi-110 010, India and Miscellaneous……………………...….p. 51 Email: [email protected] Acknowledgement: ‘Making Waves’ is a compilation of maritime news and news analyses drawn from national and international online sources. Drawn directly from original sources, minor editorial amendments are made by specialists on maritime affairs. It is intended for academic research, and not for commercial use. NMF expresses its gratitude to all sources of information, which are cited in this publicationPage. 1 of 73 Malaysian Officials Fish for a Response to Chinese Trawler Incursion U.S. Coast Guard, Japan Partner to Improve Port Security U.S. Navy Seizes Weapons Likely Headed to Yemen For first time, Japan will send Ise destroyer into the South China Sea Chinese Vessel Ducks for Cover in Vietnamese Territorial Waters Three day coastal security exercise draws to a close Why the South China Sea could be the next global flashpoint US Kicks Off New Maritime Security Initiative for Southeast Asia Page 2 of 73 Indian Navy' First Training Squadron deployed in Thailand USS Blue Ridge Makes Port Call in Goa Pakistan Navy successfully test-fires shore-based anti-ship missile US Navy leads 30-nation maritime exercise in Middle -
DAP's Ngeh Gives Ismail Sabri 24 Hours to Apologise for His Anti
DAP’s Ngeh gives Ismail Sabri 24 hours to apologise for his anti-Chinese post The Malaysian Insider March 11, 2015 By Eileen Ng DAP's Datuk Ngeh Koo Ham has given an Umno minister a final ultimatum: apologise for his incendiary anti-Chinese remarks within 24 hours or face legal action. He said the notice of demand is ready, but has not been served on Agriculture and Agro-Based Industries minister Datuk Seri Ismail Sabri Yaacob as he is still waiting for an apology. "I will give him another 24 hours to apologise," he said at a press conference at the parliament lobby today. Ismail had come under fire last month for his Facebook posting urging Malays to boycott Chinese traders. He said Malay consumers had a role in helping Putrajaya fight profiteers by using their collective power to lower the price of goods. The minister is also embroiled in an allegation he reportedly made of Ngeh, whom the former said had shares in the popular OldTown White Coffee chain owned by OldTown Bhd. Ngeh subsequently threatened to sue the minister for labelling him and his family anti-Islam, after Ismail failed to meet the 48-hour deadline he set to retract and apologise for the remarks. Ngeh said today he does not want this to go to court if possible as he only wanted to serve the people as the MP for Beruas. "I am giving Ismail a last chance. If he does not apologise, I will initiate legal action," he said. Ismail's comments drew flak from the public, opposition leaders and leaders within the Barisan Nasional component parties, with MCA, Gerakan and DAP members lodging police reports against him. -
Speech by DAP Secretary General Lim Guan Eng at the DAP
Speech by DAP Secretary General Lim Guan Eng at the DAP National Special Congress on 12 November 2017 at the IDCC Shah Alam, Selangor A Democratic, Progressive and Prosperous Malaysia for the many Preamble We, the DAP national delegates, gather here today for our National Special Congress as requested by the Registrar of Societies (ROS) to hold a fresh election for the Central Executive Committee members, once again. We had earlier decided to accept the instructions by the ROS, under protest. Since the last National Conference on 4th December 2016, we lost two of DAP’s most important national leaders, the former Secretary-General and my university mate Sdr. Kerk Kim Hock and the former Perak Chairman and one of the earliest DAP members Sdr. Lau Dak Kee. Both of them were detained under the Internal Security Act during the Ops Lalang in 1 987. Let us pay tribute to Sdr Kerk and Lau for their contributions to the Party and to Malaysia, especially during difficult dark years. 1. Crisis and leadership Before I proceed into the details of this special meeting, let us together express DAP’s solidarity with the people of Penang for the recent unprecedented natural disaster of worst flood and storm in history that befell upon us on 4th and 5th November. No words can fully grasp the unexpected calamity. On behalf of DAP, let me express my sincerest gratitude to Penangites and Malaysians that have helped our people during the tumultuous time, and those who continue to assist us till this very moment. Your precious assistance, contributions and donations will forever be appreciated. -
K a N D U N G a N
K A N D U N G A N JAWAPAN-JAWAPAN LISAN BAGI PERTANYAAN-PERTANYAAN (Halaman 1) RANG UNDANG-UNDANG DIBAWA KE DALAM MESYUARAT (Halaman 14) USUL Y.A.B. PERDANA MENTERI DI BAWAH PERATURAN MESYUARAT 27(3): – Draf Bagi Perintah Perlembagaan Persekutuan (Persempadanan Bahagian-Bahagian Pilihan Raya) (Negeri-negeri Tanah Melayu) 2003 & Draf Bagi Perintah Perlembagaan Persekutuan (Persempadanan Bahagian-Bahagian Pilihan Raya) (Negeri Sabah) 2003 (Halaman 14) USUL: Waktu Mesyuarat dan Urusan Dibebaskan Daripada Peraturan Mesyuarat (Halaman 61) Diterbitkan Oleh: CAWANGAN DOKUMENTASI PARLIMEN MALAYSIA 2003 DR.8.4.2003 i AHLI-AHLI DEWAN RAKYAT Yang Amat Berbahagia Tuan Yang di-Pertua, Tun Dato Seri Dr. Mohamed Zahir bin Haji Ismail, S.S.M., P.M.N., S.S.D.K., S.P.M.K., D.S.D.K., J.M.N. Yang Amat Berhormat Perdana Menteri dan Menteri Kewangan, Dato Seri Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad, D.K.(Brunei), D.K.(Perlis), D.K.(Johor), D.U.K., S.S.D.K., S.S.A.P., S.P.M.S., S.P.M.J., D.P. (Sarawak), D.U.P.N., S.P.N.S., S.P.D.K., S.P.C.M., S.S.M.T., D.U.M.N., P.I.S. (Kubang Pasu) “ Timbalan Perdana Menteri dan Menteri Dalam Negeri, Dato’ Seri Abdullah bin Haji Ahmad Badawi, D.G.P.N., D.S.S.A., D.M.P.N., D.J.N., K.M.N., A.M.N., S.P.M.S. (Kepala Batas) Yang Berhormat Menteri Pengangkutan, Dato’ Seri Dr. Ling Liong Sik, S.P.M.P., D.G.S.M., D.P.M.P., D.P.M.S. -
Dewan Rakyat
Bil. 67 Rabu 21 November 2001 MALAYSIA PENYATA RASMI PARLIMEN DEWAN RAKYAT PARLIMEN KESEPULUH PENGGAL KETIGA MESYUARAT KETIGA KANDUNGAN JAWAPAN-JAWAPAN LISAN BAGI PERTANY AAN-PERTANY AAN (Halaman 1) RANG UNDANG-UNDANG DIBAWA KE DALAM MESYUARAT (Halaman 14) RANG UNDANG-UNDANG: Rang Undang-undang Perbekalan 2002 Jawatankuasa:- Jadual:- Maksud 8.18 (Halaman 15) ~- Maksud 8.19 (Halaman 27) USUL: Usul Anggaran Pembangunan 2002 Jawatankuasa:- Maksud P.18 (Halaman 15) Maksud P.19 (Halaman 27) Menangguhkan Mesyuarat Di 8awah Peraturan Mesyuarat 26(1 )(ff) (Halaman 41) UCAPAN TAKZIAH ATAS KEMANGKATAN SERI PADUKA BAGINDA YANG 01-PERTUAN AGONG SULTAN SALAHUDDIN ABDUL AZIZ SHAH ALHAJ IBNI ALMARHUM SULTAN HISHAMUDDIN ALAM SHAH ALHAJ (Halaman 40) Diterbitkan Oleh: CAWANGAN DOKUMENTASI PARLIMEN MALAYSIA 2002 DR.21.11.2001 AHLI-AHLI DEWAN RAKYAT Yang Amat Berbahagia Tuan Yang di-Pertua, Tun Dr. Mohamed Zahir bin Haji Ismail, S.S.M., P.M.N., S.P.M.K., D.S.D.K. J.M.N. Yang Amat Berhormat Perdana Menteri dan Menteri Kewangan, Data Seri Dr. Mahathir bin Mohamad, D.K.(Brunei), D.K.(Perlis), D.K.(Johor), D.U.K., S.S.D.K., S.S.A.P., S.P.M.S., S.P.M.J., D.P. (Sarawak), D.U.P.N., S.P.N.S., S.P.D.K., S.P.C.M., S.S.M.T., D.U.M.N., P.I.S. (Kubang Pasu) Timbalan Perdana Menteri dan Menteri Dalam Negeri, Data' Seri Abdullah bin Haji Ahmad Badawi, D.G.P.N., D.S.S.A., D.M.P.N., D.J.N., K.M.N., A.M.N., S.P.M.S.