18 Unicorns in the Garden of Good and Evil: Part 7 – Laminated Reservoirs 29 Shale Gas: Part 9 – Comparison of Shale Basins, Original Gas-In-Place, Resources and Reservoirs 45 recovery 2011 Convention

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RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 1 Since 1927...

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MAY 2011 – VOLUME 38, ISSUE 5 ARTICLES Unicorns in the Garden of Good and Evil: Part 7 – Laminated Reservoirs ...... 18 Shale Gas: Part 9 – Comparison of Shale Basins, Original Gas-In-Place, Resources, and Reserves ...... 29 2010 President’s Awards ...... 33 CSPG OFFICE #600, 640 - 8th Avenue SW Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2P 1G7 Student Industry Field Trip (SIFT) 2011 ...... 35 Tel: 403-264-5610 Fax: 403-264-5898 Web: www.cspg.org Financing the Future: CSPG Undergraduate Awards ...... 37 Office hours: Monday to Friday, 8:30am to 4:00pm Golf Promotional ...... 38 Executive Director: Lis Bjeld Email: [email protected] What’s In A Name? ...... 39 Technical Programs and Social Events Coordinator: Dayna Rhoads Email: [email protected] Publications Coordinator: Caitlin Young Go Take A Hike ...... 42 Email: [email protected] Member Services Coordinator: Kasandra Klein recovery 2011 ...... 45 Email: [email protected] Outreach Coordinator: Alyssa Middleton Canadian Society Of Petroleum Geologists Call for Nominations Email: [email protected] Corporate Sponsorship: Lis Bjeld 2012 Executive Committee ...... 54 Email: [email protected] Convention Contacts: Convention Manager: Aileen Lozie Email: [email protected] DEPARTMENTS Sponsorship and Exhibits Coordinator: Alyssa Middleton Email: [email protected] Executive Comment ...... 5

EDITORS/AUTHORS Technical Luncheons ...... 8 Please submit RESERVOIR articles to the CSPG office. Submission deadline is the 23rd day of the month, two months prior Division Talks ...... 12 to issue date. (e.g., January 23 for the March issue). Rock Shop ...... 12, 44 To publish an article, the CSPG requires digital copies of the document. Text should be in Microsoft Word format and illustrations should be in TIFF format at 300 dpi., at final size. For additional information on manuscript preparation, refer to the Guidelines for Authors published in the CSPG Bulletin or contact the editor.

Technical Editors Ben McKenzie Colin Yeo (Assistant Tech. Editor) Tarheel Exploration EnCana Corporation Tel: 403-277-4496 Tel: 403-645-7724 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected]

Coordinating Editor Caitlin Young, Publications Coordinator, CSPG Tel: 403-513-1227, Email: [email protected]

ADVERTISING Advertising inquiries should be directed to Caitlin Young, Tel: 403-513-1227, email: [email protected]. The deadline to reserve advertising space is the 23rd day of the month, two months prior to issue date.

The RESERVOIR is published 11 times per year by the Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists. This includes a combined issue for the months of July and August. The purpose of the RESERVOIR is to publicize the Society’s many activities and to promote the geosciences. We look for both technical and non-technical material to publish. Additional information on the RESERVOIR’s submission guidelines can be found at http://www.cspg. org/publications/pubs-reservoir-submissions.cfm. The contents of this publication may not be reproduced either in part or in full without the consent of the publisher. Additional copies of the RESERVOIR are available at the CSPG office for $6.50 each. No official endorsement or sponsorship by the CSPG is implied for any advertisement, insert, or article that appears in the Reservoir unless otherwise noted. All submitted materials are reviewed by the editor. We reserve the right to edit all submissions, including letters to the Editor. Submissions must include your name, address, and membership number (if applicable). The material contained in this publication is intended for informational use only. While reasonable care has been taken, authors and the CSPG make no guarantees that any of the equations, schematics, or devices discussed will perform as expected or that they will give the desired results. Some information contained herein may be inaccurate or may vary from standard measurements. FRONT COVER Shark Bay, Australia. Living stromatolites provide insights about the The CSPG expressly disclaims any and all liability for the acts, omissions, or conduct of any third-party user of information contained in this publication. Under no circumstances shall the CSPG and its officers, directors, most ancient life on Earth. Photo by Milovan Fustic. employees, and agents be liable for any injury, loss, damage, or expense arising in any manner whatsoever from the acts, omissions, or conduct of any third-party user. Design and Layout by Sundog Printing. Printed in Canada by Sundog Printing. RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 3 Since 1927...

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The right team with the right technology backed by unrivalled service and HSE standards – that’s CGGVeritas. We now offer microseismic services to monitor hydraulic fracture stimulation with real-time, in-field processing and a unique combination of advanced survey design and technology for surface and shallow buried array programs. From inception to completion, we offer integrated microseismic services that incorporate purpose-driven:

• Modeling and design • Acquisition and real-time data processing • Post-acquisition processing • Analysis and interpretation

Safer, fINer, BeTTer Contact: Land acquisition (403) 205-6000 cggveritas.com/microseismic Since 1927... EXECUTIVE COMMENT A message from the CSPG Service Director, Chris Seibel

The First Five Months... CSPG EXECUTIVE For the first five months of this year, the membership will be canvassed for volunteers Service Directors’ portfolio has been filled to fill the role of chairs of the HM Hunter President with inaugural events; initiatives to review, Award and the Tracks Award. If there are Kirk Osadetz • Geological Survey of Canada, Calgary [email protected] Tel: (403) 292-7022 renew, and refresh; and the continuity of any interested parties, please contact myself, annual events. The inaugural events included Assistant Services Director Michelle Hawke, Vice President the Volunteer Training Day and an out-of- or Volunteer Management System Chair Robin Mann • AJM Petroleum Consultants town Technical Luncheon. Initiatives will Martin Teitz. [email protected] Tel: (403) 648-3210 include reviewing and amending the awards criteria, and refreshment of the membership This year’s awards ceremony is the evening Past President survey. All the while, CSPG volunteers of Monday May 9, coinciding with the John Varsek • Cenovus Energy [email protected] Tel: (403) 645-5417 have continued to plan and execute the Geoconvention: recovery 2011 Joint Annual established annual social events in their Convention. All members are strongly Finance director usual outstanding fashion. encouraged to attend, as this is a great time Darren Aldridge • Baker Hughes Incorporated for the Society to express it’s appreciation for [email protected] Tel: (403) 537-3400 This past February 16, the Volunteer both technical and volunteer contributions. Management System was unveiled at the assistant Finance director inaugural Volunteer Recognition Luncheon. Another initiative that has been undertaken Andrea Hood • geoLOGIC systems ltd. [email protected] Tel: (403) 262-1992 The luncheon invitation was extended to is the refreshment of the Membership Survey. all current volunteers and approximately The last membership survey, conducted Program director 68 volunteers attended. Martin Teitz, in 2009 provided valuable feedback to the Brett Norris • TransGlobe Energy Corp. the Volunteer Management System Chair Executive that has helped to guide the Society’s [email protected] Tel: (403) 264-9896 has been working with past and current direction. Currently, the format and length of directors to develop the support system. It is the survey is under review, incorporating assistant Program director designed to be an aid to all volunteers from recommendations from all directors. This Jon Noad • Murphy Oil Corporation [email protected] Tel: (403) 294-8829 aspiring to established, providing support survey creates a very useful data set for at all stages of a volunteering career. The the Executive and greatly influences future serVices director purpose of the Volunteer Management recommendations and policies. I strongly Chris Seibel • Nexen Inc. System is to broadcast opportunities and encourage members to take the time to fill [email protected] Tel: (403) 699-4558 role descriptions, provide a point of inquiry out the survey when it is issued. for aspiring volunteers, provide training, and (Continued on page 7...) assistant serVices director keep records of all volunteer contributions. CGGVeritas Microseismic Services Michelle Hawke • Apache Canada Ltd. [email protected] Tel: (403) 261-1200 There is also an initiative to revitalize the The right team with the right technology backed by unrivalled service and HSE standards – that’s CGGVeritas. membership committee. This committee will communications director assess the varied interests and demographics CSPG AwARDS We now offer microseismic services to monitor hydraulic fracture stimulation with real-time, in-field processing Jim Barclay • ConocoPhillips Canada of the society to ensure recommendations and a unique combination of advanced survey design and technology for surface and shallow buried array programs. [email protected] Tel: (403) 532-3889 are made to meet the requirements of the CEREMONy membership at large. From inception to completion, we offer integrated microseismic services that incorporate purpose-driven: assistant communications director Stephen Hubbard • University of Calgary Join us in celebrating the 2010 • Modeling and design [email protected] Tel: (403) 220-6236 This year the Service Directors are CSPG Award Recipients undertaking an initiative to review and, • Acquisition and real-time data processing outreach director where needed, to amend the awards criteria Monday, May 9, 2011 Steve Dryer • Whiskey Jack Resources Inc. and qualifications. This will be a collaborative • Post-acquisition processing [email protected] Tel: (403) 969-2292 effort between the Service Directors, Past Hyatt Regency Calgary, President, and the Award’s Committees. • Analysis and interpretation assistant outreach director Imperial Ballroom Simon Haynes • Statoil Canada Ltd. The desired outcome is to have awards [email protected] Tel: (403) 724-0364 reflective of the current industry and to 6:00 p.m. - 7:30 p.m. ensure that both technical and volunteer Safer, fINer, BeTTer executiVe director contributions by members of the society This event is open to the public. Contact: Lis Bjeld • CSPG are recognized. During this process, the Land acquisition (403) 205-6000 cggveritas.com/microseismic [email protected] Tel: (403) 513-1228

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new Ph. 587 952 8000 or 403 237 9170 [email protected] www.divestco.com/geocarta Since 1927... (...Continued from page 5) year and deserve credit for their fantastic The inaugural out-of-town Technical contribution to the csPG. Luncheon was held on march 30 in regina at the ramada hotel. The speaker was Gerry Last year, the inaugural under-35 social reinson, and the event was coordinated jointly event was held. The intent of this event, with the saskatchewan Geological society. the initiative of the past service director This initiative partially falls under three Ayaz Gulamhussein, is to reach out to the portfolios of the society: technical, outreach, under-35 membership of the society and to Collaborate and services. The intention of holding a encourage their participation in the csPG as Technical Luncheon in a location other than they build their careers. Ayaz has graciously Share calgary is to reach out to the decentralized volunteered to organize this event again, membership while disseminating superb so watch the reservoir and website for an technical material, promoting the society, and announcement of the date and location. recruiting potential new members. hopefully this will be the first of many Technical Planning and executing inaugural events, new CORPORATE Luncheons in centres outside of calgary. initiatives, and annual events will require SPONSORS volunteers. The csPG depends almost AAPG This year’s calendar of social events will entirely upon volunteers to ensure that we AGAT LAborATories include all the events that are so popular with remain a vibrant and relevant professional APAche cAnAdA LTd. the membership: the squash Tournament geologic society that meets the needs and APeGGA (which took place February 4-5), Long- interests of its membership. volunteering Arc FinAnciAL corPorATion Time members reception (may 10), classic provides an excellent opportunity for AyrTon exPLorATion consuLTinG LTd. Golf (June 15-17), mixed Golf Tournament personal and professional growth while Make Better Decisions bAker ATLAs (August 26), 10k road race and Fun run networking with your fellow geoscientists. if bLuebAck reservoir (september 13), and the under-35 social you would like to get involved and volunteer, boyd PeTroseArch cAnAdA brokerLink (late - 2011) . These important events allow do not hesitate to contact either myself, GeoCarta cAnAdiAn nATurAL resources LTd. the membership to network and build Assistant services director michelle hawke, cAsey & AssociATes relationships while having fun outside the or volunteer management system chair cenovus enerGy inc. work environment. The volunteer chairs and martin Teitz for assistance. cGG veriTAs committees of each event are outstanding at coLorAdo schooL oF mines planning and executing these events year after conocoPhiLLiPs cAnAdA LimiTed devon cAnAdA corPorATion divesTco inc. encAnA enerPLus resources Fund FuGro Airborne surveys corP. FuGro – JAson CLOSING THE GAP GeoedGes inc. Advances in Applied Geomodeling for Hydrocarbon Reservoirs geoLoGic systems ltd. GeomodeLinG TechnoLoGy corP. GeosTrATA resources inc. hALLiburTon enerGy services hunT oiL comPAny oF cAnAdA husky enerGy inc. ihs imPeriAL oiL resources LArio oiL & GAs comPAny LiTTLe rock documenT services Collaborate. Share. Make Better Decisions. LorinG TArcore LAbs LTd. Visit us at the mJ sysTems 2011 GeoConvention murPhy oiL comPAny neurALoG October 3 - 5, 2011 nexen inc. Booth Penn WesT enerGy TrusT The Banff Centre PeTrocrAFT ProducTs LTd. #139 PLusPeTroL Banff, Alberta ProvidenT enerGy LTd. rPs enerGy schLumberGer cAnAdA LTd. sensor GeoPhysicAL LTd. Conference Registration sheLL cAnAdA LimiTed Early Bird Special: $1,000 + GST sProuLe AssociATes LimiTed Exploration NOW starts here. Deadline: June 18, 2011 suncor enerGy inc. TALismAn enerGy ToTAL e&P cAnAdA LimiTed TourmALine oiL corP. www.cspg.org/gussow Tucker WireLine LTd. Ph. 587 952 8000 or 403 237 9170 [email protected] www.divestco.com/geocarta WeATherFord LAborATories

AS OF APRIL 10, 2011 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 7 technicaL Luncheons MAY LUNCHEON Webcasts sponsored by Fault failure mechanisms, fracture development, and resource plays – analysis and the role of fluid Each CSPG Technical Luncheon is 1 APEGGA PDH reservoirs. The challenge in fracture analysis is pressure credit. Tickets may be purchased online at https:// no longer the identification of fracture systems, www.cspg.org/eSeries/source/Events/index.cfm. but rather to quantify the effect of the fractures SPEAKER on fluid migration and the effectiveness of Paul MacKay Fracture analysis in petroleum systems is a transmitting fluids through rock. Shale Petroleum Ltd. rapidly expanding field of study in the Earth Sciences. Interest in the analysis of fracture Fractures form, or stated more simply, rock 11: 30 am, thursday, may 26, 2011 systems is driven by the recognition of the breaks when the stress conditions within the calgary, teLus convention centre essential role that fractures play as fluid rock exceed the strength characteristics of calgary, alberta conduits within the earth’s crust. For the past the rock. Failure in rock is a function of the few decades, recognition of the importance stresses acting on the rock and the mechanical Please note: the cut-off date for ticket of fractures as fluid pathways has grown. strength of the rock. For failure to occur, the sales is 1:00 pm, thursday, may 19, 2011. Much of this recognition has been driven effective stresses acting on the rock must csPg member ticket Price: $42.00 + gst. by the petroleum industry as it seeks new exceed the physical strength of the rock. non-member ticket Price: $45.00 + gst. unconventional reservoirs to replace declining The effective stress acting within the crust is production from older more conventional strongly influenced by fluid pressure.

8 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 In the sedimentary section, the fluids available the analysis from one-dimensional line analysis sciences) from Queen’s University in 1980 and a to the failure mechanism are either water or to two-dimensional planar analysis. Ph.D. from the University of Calgary (1991). He hydrocarbons. Any other fluids that may be initially worked for Amoco Canada then moved available are in such small quantities as to be Trend analysis, relative amplitude comparison, to Morrison Petroleums, Northstar Energy, and insignificant. Water is an incompressible fluid statistical spreads may all be determined using Devon Canada before beginning an international and is an excellent source to create elevated this technique. The tool is particularly strong consulting practice. He is currently President of fluid pressures, especially in systems that form for the analysis of curvature and coherency in Shale Petroleum Ltd. His expertise is in fracture in poorly lithified rock, as well as systems that 3D seismic data volumes. What is of particular systems and petroleum exploration and development are undergoing compaction. In these systems, interest to the reservoir analyst is that these in structurally complex reservoirs. He teaches field the compaction process results in elevated values can be compared directly to well data and courses in Structural Geology/Geophysics in the fluid pressures conducive to failure. In active the effectiveness of the drilling program may be Canadian Rockies and field seminars on Fractured deformations systems that are propagating assessed. Reservoirs based in Wyoming. He is an Adjunct through older strata or lithified rock, the use Professor in the Department of Geology and of water as the principal fluid source becomes BIOGRAPHy Geophysics at the University of Calgary. problematic as the amount of water is limited Paul MacKay received a B.Sc. (honours, geological and the system has compacted in a manner that does not favour the easy transfer of water from one horizon to another. In these cases, the source of the fluid is more likely to be hydrocarbons that form as the strata are buried and heated.

There are many components to fracture analysis. To fully describe the fracture network, it is necessary to describe the orientations of the fractures, the connectivity of the fractures, the extent and aperture of the fractures, and their ability to conduct fluid (both quantity and type). The intensity (or density) of the fracture system is also important, both in terms of fluid conductivity and in terms of fluid storage. Ultimately, what is of greatest use to the reservoir analyst is how the fractures hydraulically connect the reservoir to the well bore.

It is possible to estimate the connectivity of the fracture system within the reservoir using a stereonet. Plotting the poles of the fractures on a stereonet will give insight into the connectivity of the fracture system. NeuraJet17 Quality Log Prints Up to 17” Wide If connectivity describes how well fractures intersect, there also needs to be a method of Designed to efficiently print brilliant logs, the NeuraJet17 prints determining how many fractures exist within a any size log up to 17 inches wide. The top of form feature and given volume of rock. The term fracture intensity the stacker mean little to no supervision is required. See why refers to the sum of the area of all fracture the NeuraJet17 is the ideal log printing solution. planes in a given volume of rock. Typically, scan-line analysis is used to approximate the fracture intensity, where the number of fractures • Designed for continuous fanfold paper intersected by a scan line of set length gives a • Automatic top of form loading & stacking number of fractures per unit distance. • Print speeds up to 2 inches per second • Includes log editing & printing software The advantage of scan-line analysis is that it creates a mathematical function that can be analyzed using a variety of statistical tools. Summing algorithms and frequency analyses are For a Demonstration effective tools and give quantitative results that visit CSPG Joint Annual may be compared to productive capabilities. Meeting Booth 533 The technique lends itself to comparison within or call 1.281.240.2525 a reservoir, and also comparison from one reservoir to another. An advantage to the technique is that it has statistical predictive © Neuralog • 2011 • www.neuralog.com • 1.281.240.2525 capabilities. This technique can be expanded to look at fracture systems in planes. This moves

RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 9 technicaL Luncheons JUNE LUNCHEON Webcasts sponsored by

Horizontal well Seismic Section A major targeting fractures breakthrough in in Chalk & Shales fracture recognition from No seismic faults identified or predicted Fault identification: multiple seismic faults seismic – from Reflectivity data: ‘sub-seismic’ faults penetrated by well: ‘sub-visual’ faults important “hit and miss” fracture development drilling targeted fracture development possible ! Figure 1. High-resolution fault extraction visualises small-scale spatial changes in amplitude, frequency, or phase content of 3D seismic data, and challenges perceptions of what can and can not be identified with implications for seismic data. Comparison and calibration of seismic fault extractions with faults identified in wells (from core, image logs/dipmeter, log correlation) helps to ground-truth extractions and assess the true seismic fault resource resolution of a particular data set at objective level. operations and recoveries O&G Field 10000 SPEAKER Wells: Ralf Oppermann small-scale faults OPPtimal Exploration and Development 1000 Pty Ltd.

kilometre 100 Scale Gap: 11: 30 am medium-scale faults thursday, June 9, 2011 per calgary, teLus convention centre 10 calgary, alberta

number Cut-off automated Please note: the cut-off date for ticket 1 fault mapping: Seismic: sales is 1:00 pm, monday, June 6, 2011. Oil & Gas: ca. 5-8m large-scale csPg member ticket Price: $42.00 + gst. Coal Mining: ?0.5-1m faults non-member ticket Price: $45.00 + gst. 0.1

Cumulative Coal Mining Oil & Gas Each CSPG Technical Luncheon is 1 APEGGA 0.01 Cut-off visual Cut-off visual PDH credit. Tickets may be purchased online fault mapping fault mapping at https://www.cspg.org/eSeries/source/Events/ (1-3m throw) (20-30m throw) index.cfm. 1mm 1cm 10cm 1m 10m 100m 1km Fault and fracture networks can significantly Displacement impact reserve recovery and productivity, and can also have significant effects on Figure 2. Comparison of visually mapped seismic fault-throw data with well displacement data (modified drilling, mining, and the safety of resource from Needham et al., 1996). Displayed also are the cut-off ranges for visual fault mapping from deep, low- operations. Due to this, various automated resolution oil and gas 3D surveys and shallow, high-resolution Coal Mining 3D surveys. These cut-offs for low and hi-res 3D surveys can both be lowered by automated fault extraction. fault-extraction techniques have been developed for 3D seismic data in recent years. These techniques aim to support calibration and review of various seismic, resolution, which results in a significant or replace manual fault-mapping efforts, well, and mining data. It will be shown that increase in the number of medium-sized which are typically labour-intensive, time- the method delivers groundbreaking insights faults that are identified from seismic (i.e., consuming, imprecise, and subjective. into the physical description of resources faults with displacements between 30 and Ultimately, automated fault-extraction (Figure 1). ca. 5m for deep/low-resolution 3D surveys; offers the opportunity to replace the Figure 2). interpretation of faults with the direct Properly calibrated fault and fracture measurement of faults. network volumes deliver faster and more With decreasing fault throw (i.e., reflector reliable and objective fault evaluations, offset) visual interpretation becomes more This talk will present an innovative and a better understanding of structural and more challenging and subjective, and and ‘world-first’ method that has been geometries and fault populations. The key visual fault-mapping confidence decreases developed to integrate highest-resolution benefit of hi-res, automated fault extraction, accordingly. This is where Automated Fault 3D image processing results with the detailed however, is a marked increase in fault Extraction can help to objectively and more

10 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 confidently visualise faults, particularly many fault penetrations in wells that were Germany, Malaysia, faults with small displacement. Automated previously not recognized from seismic and New Zealand, as Fault Extraction reduces the cut-off for data, or even from well data, particularly well as working with seismic fault recognition and can provide in intervals where no core, dipmeter, or Chevron in Australia. Horizontal well Seismic Section information on faults at ‘sub-visual’ level, image logs have been acquired. These newly targeting fractures in Chalk & Shales approaching the true seismic resolution limit identified seismic fault penetrations are In 2008, Ralf founded for the detection of faults in a particular data often directly linked with drilling problems OPPtimal Exploration set. These sub-visual, or medium-scale faults (e.g., fluid losses, geomechanical/borehole & Development Pty are currently incorrectly, but consistently stability issues) or production problems Ltd. as a technology and industry-wide, included into the sub- (e.g., water or gas channelling along fault service company, to provide new and leading-edge seismic and ‘un-mappable’ category by many planes, compartmentalisation, etc.). volume interpretation workflows to companies No seismic faults identified or predicted Fault identification: multiple seismic faults geoscientists, but can in fact be extracted Importantly, they can be also directly linked active in oil and gas, shale gas / oil, coal seam gas from Reflectivity data: ‘sub-seismic’ faults penetrated by well: ‘sub-visual’ faults from seismic data with latest technology, with hydrocarbon shows and productivity, / coal bed methane, underground gas storage, “hit and miss” fracture development drilling targeted fracture development possible ! experience, and careful calibration with especially in fractured and unconventional geosequestration, geothermal, groundwater, coal other data. It follows from this, that most reservoirs, where these faults can provide mining, and ore mining. His company is located 3D surveys in the resource industries are direct access to productive natural fracture in Perth, Australia, and has so far performed fault currently under-utilized when it comes to networks. visualization studies on assets in North America, fault identification, as an entire medium- Europe, Middle East, Asia, and Australasia, for oil sized, sub-visual (but not sub-seismic) fault The comparison of the new hi-res seismic and gas, shale gas, geothermal and coal mining population can be extracted from already fault and fracture networks with drilling companies. Currently, Ralf is working on one of existing data with relatively little effort. and production issues suggests that a the largest oil fields in the world, a fractured new dimension in the visualization and carbonate reservoir in the Middle East. Examples from fractured and understanding of resources has been compartmentalised reservoirs around the opened. The presentation will aim to Ralf is particularly keen to perform further world, as well as unconventional reservoirs show that a focused application of the new studies on shale gas and coal seam gas assets (tight gas, shale gas, basement reservoirs) technology workflows can deliver increased in North America, as very few of these assets in demonstrate that the new techniques recoveries from resources, and that it can Australia are currently covered with 3D seismic. can delineate potential fluid barriers, fluid also result in safer, cheaper, and more He is also trying to find a company who is conduits, or geomechanical instability areas successful drilling and mining operations. interested in performing a comparison of his in the subsurface at a much higher resolution As such, the new techniques are proposed hi-res fault extractions with microseismic data. than achieved by other current methods. as Best Practise tools for exploration and development planning and execution. Ralf holds an M.Sc. in Geology/Palaeontology With the increased resolution, much higher and B.Sc. in Business and Economics from fault/fracture densities are found than were BIOGRAPHy the University of Göttingen in Germany. He previously recognized. Instead of identifying, Ralf Oppermann is an independent geoscience is a member of the European Association for example, only the 10 largest faults in consultant with 21 years of international of Geoscientists and Engineers (EAGE), the a field through visual mapping efforts, 100 experience in the Oil and Gas industry, working as Formation Evaluation Society of Australia or 1,000 smaller faults can be additionally a seismic interpreter and geologist in integrated, (FESAus), the German Federation of Geologists made visible through hi-res automated fault multi-disciplinary exploration, appraisal and (BDG), the Petroleum Exploration Society of extraction. development teams. During his career, he has Australia (PESA), the Petroleum Exploration worked as international staff for various Shell Society of Great Britain (PESGB), and the This, in turn, allows the identification of Operating Companies in the Netherlands, U.K., Society of Petroleum Engineers (SPE).

RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 11 diVision taLKs STRUCTURAL DIVISION Sponsored by Lithospheric- scale detachment faulting at oceanic spreading centres: How much of the Earth’s oceanic ‘crust’ is not actually crust?

SPEAKER Graham Banks, Ph.D. Formerly at Cardiff University, U.k. Currently at WesternZagros Resources, Calgary

12 noon to 1pm Tuesday, May 3, 2011 BRIDGE wireline rock drill bringing oriented core from the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Location: Room A, +30 level, Western Canadian Place (Husky lithosphere. The anatomy of oceanic crust crust: the optimum place to study magma Energy), 707-8th Avenue S.W. differs according to spreading rate and is generation and crustal accretion processes Calgary, Alberta classified into ‘fast’, ‘intermediate,’ ‘slow,’ at slow-spreading oceanic ridges. and ‘ultra-slow’ spreading rate types. About 71% of the Earth’s crust is oceanic- Three field seasons of integrated igneous, type and the other 29% is continental- The Troodos ophiolite in Cyprus is metamorphic, and structural investigation, type. A widely accepted axiom states an exposed segment of Tethys Ocean combined with metre-scale analysis of that oceanic crust is continually created lithosphere formed around the intersection core Cy-4 (a 2.3km long, continuous at oceanic spreading centres – where of a spreading ridge and a transform vertical section of Troodos middle and tectonic plate divergence is accommodated fault. It has long been regarded as the lower oceanic crust), revealed a simple, by upwelling magma that accretes new type section for slow-spreading oceanic upward sequence of magma chamber

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12 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 are dominated by highly deformed, brittle, fault rocks and fault striations ranging from 3km wavelength and 200m amplitude to centimetre scale. Sampled rocks are mainly of mantle and lower crust compositions. Strain localisation was highly efficient and long-lived, a result of fault zone weakening during focused hydrous fluid flow into the mantle.

Results of magmatic-tectonic studies across the Troodos ophiolite and at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge challenge axioms of oceanic crust creation and tectonic processes at mid-ocean ridges:

• The Troodos ophiolite resembles fast-spreading oceanic crust and thus cannot be used as the type section for slow-spreading oceanic crust.

• Commonly occurring normal faults exhume mantle into oceanic ‘crust’ at slow-spreading ridge axes, to accommodate tectonic Dredge haul containing peridotites / gabbros tectonically exhumed by faulting at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. plate separation in the absence of magmatism. cumulates overlain by expelled sheeted and recently created slow-spreading • Intense deformation along these dykes and extruded lavas atop. Tectonic oceanic crust. Oceanic lithosphere was permeable detachment faults, and plate divergence was accommodated by investigated at the Mid-Atlantic Ridge along active transform faults, focuses high magma supply to the spreading ridge; 15°45’N (close to the intersection with a large volumes of hydrothermal fluid relatively minor extensional deformation major transform fault zone) using oriented into and out of the mantle at mid- occurred in magmatic and semi-magmatic cores from wireline drilling (1.5-3.5km ocean ridges. states. Deformation along the Arakapas water depth), 23 dredge hauls, and deep- Transform Fault Zone was expectedly water backscatter images. This study area • A significant amount of the Earth’s intense. is not ‘typical’ oceanic crust. Corrugated oceanic ‘crust’ may not be crust at all. surfaces extending 100s km2 represent Scientific cruise JR63, aboard the RRS low-angle detachment surfaces, along James Clark Ross, permitted direct which mantle is exhumed at the Mid- comparison between the Troodos ophiolite Atlantic Ridge. These corrugated massifs

RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 13 diVision taLKs INTERNATIONAL DIVISION Sponsored by SUDAN: Review of the geology and potential hydrocarbon reserve

SPEAKER Bob Potter, P.Geol. President, GeoChemTech Inc.

12:00 Noon Wednesday, May 4th Nexen Plus 15 Conference Centre Nexen Annex Building 7th Ave. & 7th Street SW Calgary, Alberta

COUNTRy Sudan is a country going through a divorce and it is finalized early in July!

With an area of 2,505,810 km2, Sudan is currently the largest country in Africa and Sudan concession map with border between South and North the Arab world, and the tenth largest in the world. It is located in northern Africa, immediately south of Egypt, and has an 853 km coastline along the Red Sea. Sudan is bordered by nine different countries and WELL COMPLETIONS the world’s longest river, the Nile, divides the country into an east and west sides, with major tributaries including the Blue FRAC DATABASE Nile, the Dinder, and Radah Rivers. The terrain of Sudan is generally flat plains, broken by several mountain ranges. The Optimize Your Completion Success amount of rainfall increases from north towards the south with the very dry Nubian Desert in the north and swamps » Reliable & Value-Added: We database and summarize and rainforest in the south. Sudan’s rainy season lasts for about three months (July the entire completion operation. to September) in the north, and up to six » Analysis Ready: Sortable table and report months (June to November) in the south. The dry regions are plagued by sandstorms, views, graphing capabilities, fully exportable. known as haboobs. » Expanding Dataset: Growing rapidly, driven Sudan has achieved significant economic by client requests. growth (GDP 6.6% – 2008, 4.2% – 2009, and 5.2% – 2010) by implementing macroeconomic reforms and finally ending Contact us for a the civil war with rebel groups in the south live demonstration by adopting a new constitution in 2005 403.269.3644 and granting them limited autonomy. The [email protected] Canadian most significant event this year was the Introspec Energy Group Inc. independence referendum held in early www.fracdatabase.com Petroleum Consultants Discovery Ltd. January that resulted in a 99% vote in favor of separation.

14 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 • Natural Gas Proved Reserves 84.95 billion cu m (January 2010 EST.)

(Source: CIA-World Fact Book)

The objective of the talk is to explore the magnitude of the resources within the context of the changing political environment.

BIOGRAPHy Bob Potter (Professional Geologist), President and founding principal of GeoChemTech Inc., Khartoum Haboob is a professional explorationist and manager with extensive experience in leading edge GEOLOGy to the CARSZ. At least, six other rift technology and multidisciplinary technical North Africa is composed of three major basins in east-central Sudan related to the teams. His experience includes work in cratons – West African, Arabian-Nubian, CARSZ remain basically unexplored. In exploration and development in sedimentary and Congo cratons. All of the Mesozoic- addition, access to the southern margin basins of Canada, Sudan, Argentina, Thailand, Cenozoic rifting of North Africa occurred of the Muglad Rift has been restricted for and Kazakhstan. between the cratons. over 20 years due to the civil war. The basins of northwest Sudan are poorly During the past 40 years, Bob has developed A number of rift basins related to the West defined but current available information and implemented exploration and business and Central African Rift System (WCARS) indicates two, maybe three, rift basins processes that have resulted in the discovery developed during the Late Jurassic to Early and an extension of the kufra (Mourdi) of resources over 280 million barrels of oil Cretaceous (160 – 100 Ma) synchronous basin from Libya. Significant undiscovered equivalent. He understands the application with the separation of South America and hydrocarbon potential exists in the other and integration of multiple data sets to Africa. As a result, individual rift basins, rift basins in Sudan. reduce risk and to maximize success. Nigeria through Niger and Chad to the Sudan, were created by the extensional The Sudan current oil production and INFORMATION forces of the Central African Shear Zone reserves are: There is no charge. Please bring your lunch. (CASZ). Multi-phase rifting and some basin • Oil Production The facilities for the talk are provided inversion were in response to changes 486,700 bbls./day (2009 EST.) complimentary of Nexen, coffee by IHS and of regional tectonic. In general, basins refreshments Geochemtech Inc. For further of the WCARS share much in common • Oil Consumption information or if you would like to give a in occurrence and evaluation because 84,000 bbls./day (2009 EST.) talk, please contact Bob Potter at (403) 863- they were developed in a similar tectonic 9738 or mail to: [email protected] or setting, though individual basins show • Oil Exports Trent Rehill at (403) 606 - 6717 or email to: unique histories due to local influences. 303,800 bbls. /day (2007 est.) [email protected]. Or visit our new Face Book page (“CSPG International Division”). Sudan has developed oil production from • Oil Proved Reserves two of the multiple rift basins related 6.8 billion bbls. (January 2010 EST.)

RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 15 diVision taLKs PALEONTOLOGY DIVISION Sponsored by

some of the most interesting species in the Mount Royal University, Degrees in Business Moose Mountain, province, including the most inland race of Management from Chinook Learning Services grizzly bears in North America, they also and Electronic Data Processing from Loyalist Alberta: hold evidence of ancient times. College, and Undergraduate Degrees in Systems Analysis and Design and Architectural Exploring the Uncovered within the Lower Foothill Drafting also from Loyalist College. regions of Alberta are the Carboniferous natural history and Jurassic formations along Canyon Current and previous affiliations include the Creek, Moose Mountain where many Tyrrell Museum of Palaeontology, Calgary of Canyon Creek geological and palaeontological wonders Junior Chamber of Commerce – JAYCEES, await to be experienced and discovered. Calgary Philatelic Society, and Big Brothers and and area Big Sisters of Calgary and Area. The objective of this talk is to offer fellow SPEAKER enthusiasts an opportunity to experience Dan has published work in Deposits Magazine Dan Quinsey the magnificence of Canyon Creek, (UK), Kick-started the APS Guide to Common Alberta Palaeontological Society Moose Mountain. The focus will be on the Vertebrate Fossils from the Cretaceous of geological and palaeontological features of Alberta book project, and is currently working 7:30 PM the area, a brief survey of the exploration on another book titled Moose Mountain, Friday, May 13th, 2011 history, and a look at the common flora and Alberta – Exploring the Natural History of Mount Royal University, Room B108 fauna along the way. Canyon Creek and Area.

The lure of the mountains and foothills BIOGRAPHy is in us all. Most of us are familiar with Dan Quinsey has been a member of the the Upper and Lower Foothill regions of Alberta Palaeontological Society for over Alberta adjacent to the Rocky Mountains 10 years and currently holds the positions which, together with the Rockies, are of Past President and Chairperson of the commonly referred to as the Eastern Public Outreach / Education Committee. Dan Slopes. The Foothills are not only home to has a Baccalaureate in Palaeontology from

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16 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011

BoydWildside_1-3pghorzFINAL.indd 4 16/03/10 2:22 PM diVision taLKs GEOMODELING DIVISION Sponsored by

The talk addresses some of the well known your lunch. For details or to present a talk in the “We set the wrong flaws in geological modeling like unclear future, please contact Weishan Ren at (403) 233- objectives, lack of a conceptual model, 3428, e-mail: [email protected]. course and improper theory, substandard data, inefficient use of seismic data, lack of a facies model, and List of the topics to be presented in the talk: headed due improper application of geostatistics. A list Pitfalls of modeling: 1 of possible pitfalls in geological modeling will north ” – Pitfalls be discussed, based on the experience from • Introduction versus well tops working with E&P companies in Canada and • Why this title • Correlation of geomodeling internationally, and the discussion will be • Past experience • Horizons opened for audience for feedback and input. • Importance • Faults/ SPEAKER • Impacts Compartments Ali Dalir, P.Geol. BIOGRAPHy • Wrong/unclear • Properties Schlumberger Canada Limited, Ali Dalir received his Bachelor’s degree in objectives • Spatial connectivity Consulting Services geology in 1997 and his Master’s degree in • What drives • Facies versus zones/ Sedimentology and Sedimentary Petrology in production units 12:00 Noon 2003 from University of Tehran. He worked • Catch with the • Electrofacies Wednesday May 25, 2011 as a field geologist for about four years beautiful pictures: • Geostatistical Place TBD before he joined Schlumberger in 2003. He It looks nice, so it discrepancies was introduced to geological modeling in must be true! • Clustering ABSTRACT 2004 and has been developing geological • Conceptual model • Outliers Geological modeling has been a hot topic models for oil and gas reservoirs since • Facies/Core • Horizontal wells for the last decade. Nowadays, modeling is then. In 2007, he started his Master’s of Analysis • Porosity part of development planning for most of the Reservoir Characterization at the University • Improper theory/ • Water Saturation conventional and unconventional reservoirs. of Calgary and successfully completed the insufficient • Permeability As a result, the demand for modeling has program in 2008. Since 2007 he was also knowledge • Conventional versus been growing continually, and the modeling part of the Consulting team in Schlumberger • Input Data quality unconventional plays work has spread among many geologists Canada Limited, with his main focus on • Coordinate system • TOC and geophysicists, rather than a few highly reservoir characterization and modeling. • Well head • Low porosities specialized experts. While this is beneficial for Ali has extensive experience in reservoir • Tops • Integration. Bring all the industry and the field, it comes with a price. characterization and geological modeling. He • MD/TVD the data together Many of the geological models are constructed has developed several geological models of • Logs/ • That’s different by fresh-to-the-field professionals, which can conventional and unconventional reservoirs Normalization/ than what I was be victim of one or more of the known pitfalls for oil and gas companies in Calgary and service company/ expecting! of the modeling. There has been a fairly regular internationally. Measurements • Peer review pattern of these pitfalls, and this talk aims to • Framework: Seismic • A set of fresh eyes share the experience from dealing with these INFORMATION pitfalls, and possibly open the discussion for the There is no charge for the division talk and we 1“Hush Sound, Where we went wrong” experts of the field to weigh in. welcome non-members of the CSPG. Please bring http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sznbNbaJZd4

Who are we? How can our integrated services benefit you? Visit us at convention booth #111. And get eye-to-eye with live birds of prey – on display.

RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 17

BoydWildside_1-3pghorzFINAL.indd 4 16/03/10 2:22 PM UNICORNS IN THE GARDEN OF GOOD AND EVIL: Part 7 – Laminated reservoirs | By E. R. (Ross) Crain, P.Eng. Redefining inteRpRetation

Unicorns are beautiful, mythical beasts, much practical methods for log analysis of the unusual. In some laminated sands, these tools can sought after by us mere mortals. The same is be used to determine net-to-gross sand true for petrophysical models for unconventional LAMINATED RESERVOIRS ratio. The electromagnetic propagation log reservoirs. This is the seventh in a series of review Porosity and water saturation in laminated measures in the order of six centimeters, but articles outlining the simple beauty of some shaly sands, and in other cases of anisotropic it is a porosity and shale indicator tool, not reservoirs, are a special case, not amenable a deep resistivity tool. Some sonic logs can ACCURATE to conventional petrophysical solutions. be run with a 15 cm (6 inch) bed resolution. Interpreting and Modeling Isotropic reservoirs are those in which the physical properties are the same regardless The resistivity microscanner can see beds Geology and Geophysics of the direction of measurement. Anisotropic as thin as 0.5 cm and fractures as thin as 1 reservoirs have one or more properties that micron. The acoustic televiewer can resolve vary with direction. beds to 1 or 2 cm. Accurate net-to-gross ratios can be determined, but again, the The best known anisotropic property is resistivity of the sand fraction beyond the resistivity, which can vary by a factor of 100 or invaded zone cannot be determined from more, depending on whether the measurement these tools. is made parallel to the bedding or perpendicular to it. This is the situation that exists in most None of the tools listed above provide a so-called “low-resistivity pay zones”. These useful deep resistivity value when laminations are usually laminated shaly sands but can are thinner than the tool resolution, so also be sandstones or carbonates with thinly unconventional log analysis models are bedded variations in porosity. In resistivity log needed. analysis, anisotropy is present when the bedding is thinner than the tool resolution and is RESISTIVITy IN ANISOTROPIC sometimes described as a “thin-bed” problem. RESERVOIRS The problem lies in how resistivity logs Rocks of this type are called transverse average laminations that are thinner than isotropic; there is little horizontal anisotropy, the tool resolution. Most logs average the so resistivity differs between only two axes data in a linear, thickness-weighted fashion, – vertical and horizontal. Channel sands with but induction and laterologs average significant cross-bedding and other linear conductivity and then convert it to resistivity. depositional features could be anisotropic on In shaly sands, the conductivity of the shale all three axes. laminations is usually much higher than the gas- or oil-sand laminations, the resulting There are no logs that measure resistivity conductivity is high (resistivity is low). This in three orthogonal axes at the same time. makes the zone look like a poor-quality The newest induction logs measure horizontal reservoir, maybe so poor that it will not be and vertical resistivity (directions relative to tested, thus bypassing considerable oil or gas. tool axis). Azimuthal laterologs read in eight Redefining inteRpRetation to meet youR challenges directions (perpendicular to the tool axis) and A similar problem exists in laminated porosity. could be used to look for horizontal anisotropy The low-porosity laminations have higher in semi-vertical wells. water saturation than oil- or gas-bearing higher porosity laminations. The measured The newest thin-bed tool is described as a resistivity of the laminated hydrocarbon- thin-bed Rt tool. It is a microlaterolog type bearing reservoir is often close to the truth, of device with a bed resolution of 5 cm and a but the calculated water saturation of water depth of investigation between 30 and 50 cm (12 zones may be misleading. pdgm.com to 20 inches), about 2 to 3 times deeper than earlier microlaterologs. If invasion is shallow, To illustrate the simplest case, assume a the resistivity approaches a deep resistivity laminated shaly sand sequence with shale measurement. This is very useful in laminated laminations equal in thickness to the sand This is your Paradigm. shaly sands where the laminae are relatively thick. laminations. This gives a shale volume (Vsh) averaged over the interval of 50%. Assume Other thin-bed logging tools are the the porosity and resistivity values are as microlog, microlaterolog, proximity log, and shown below: Visit us at Booth 432 at 2011 CSPG/CSEG/CWLS Convention in Calgary micro-spherically focused log. These tools Figure 1. Thin bed Rt log used to shape final log measure 3 to 12 centimeters of rock but have The upper part of Table 1 shows that the analysis (courtesy Baker Highes). a depth of investigation of similar dimensions. (Continued on page 20...)

18 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 Redefining inteRpRetation

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RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 19 The case of laminated porosity is slightly instead of averaging the conductivity. This is different. The resistivity contrasts are because the normal induction averages the smaller than the laminated shaly sand case. beds in a parallel electrical circuit and the The resistivity of the higher porosity streaks vertical induction sees a series circuit. with low water saturation may be close to that of the low porosity streak with higher Assume a laminated shaly sand with water saturation. But water zones may look horizontal bedding, a vertical borehole, and pretty resistive, again giving misleading water a logging tool that can measure both vertical saturation. and horizontal conductivity:

Assume equal thicknesses of high and low 1. CONDhorz = VSHavg * CONDshale + porosity with the porosity and resistivity (1 - VSHavg) * CONDsand values as shown below: 2. RESvert = VSHavg * RESshale + (1 - VSHavg) * RESsand Modeling laminated shaly sands or laminated 3. REShorz = 1000 / CONDhorz porosity with a spreadsheet is the only way 4. CONDvert = 1000 / RESvert to understand the resistivity response and 5. AnisRatio = RESvert / REShorz resulting water saturation – usually counter- OR 5. AnisRatio = CONDhorz / intuitive, always surprising. A spreadsheet for CONDvert these models is available as a free download 6. AnisCoef = AnisRatio ^ 0.5 on my website at www.spec2000.net . Where: 3-D INDUCTION LOGS AnisRatio = anisotropic ratio Some newer induction logging tools provide a AnisCoef = anisotropic coefficient vertical conductivity measurement as well as CONDhorz = horizontal conductivity the usual horizontal measurement. If the beds (mS/m) are still parallel to the horizontal induction CONDvert = vertical conductivity (mS/m) log signal, the vertical induction signal will CONDsand = sand lamination give an average of the resistivity of the beds conductivity (mS/m)

gas sand gr Phin Phid resd cond resd from cond shale 90 0.45 0.15 4.0 250 Figure 2. Resistivity image in laminated shaly sand gas sand 40 0.25 0.35 200 5.0 (courtesy Schlumberger). average 65 0.30 0.25 102 127 7.9

(...Continued from page 18) Wtr sand gr Phin Phid resd cond resd from cond average resistivity of a 50:50 mix of 4 ohm-m shale 90 0.45 0.15 4.0 250 shale laminations with 200 ohm-m sand Water sand 40 .030 0.30 5.0 200 laminations is 7.9 ohm-m, based on the average 65 0.37 0.22 4.5 222 4.2 measured conductivity. If the sand laminations Table 1. In a laminated shaly sand with 50% shale volume, the average of 4 ohm-m and 200 ohm-m is a little are wet, as in the lower part of the table, the less than 8 ohm-m – pretty scary, but that is what real induction and laterologs do! average resistivity is close to that measured by the conductivity log. Note, too, that oiL or gas case – Laminated PorositY the recorded resistivity contrast between rW Phie sw resd cond resd from cond a water zone and a gas zone is small, so it Layer 1 0.050 0.200 0.200 31.3 32.0 may not be possible to recognize gas when Layer 2 0.050 0.030 0.800 86.8 11.5 it is present, especially if water resistivity varies between one hydrodynamic regime averages 0.050 0.115 59.0 21.8 and another. sW From cond ==> 0.287 46.0 Water saturation based on the measured sW From BVW / Phie => 0.278 resistivity will be very misleading, often showing the zone to be wet when it is not. Water case We will see later how we might overcome rW Phie sw resd cond resd from cond this and maybe even find out the true sand Layer 1 0.050 0.200 1.000 1.3 800.0 lamination resistivity of 200 ohm-m. The Layer 2 0.050 0.030 1.000 55.6 18.0 correct Sw comes from the 200 ohm-m resistivity, not the 7.9 ohm-m measured by averages 0.050 0.115 28.4 409.0 the standard logging tool. sW From cond ==> 1.244 2.4 In the early days of log analysis, this sW From BVW / Phie ==> 1.000 phenomenon was attributed to many Table 2. The “RESD from COND” column shows the value a real logging tool would read in the laminated different, almost mystical, reasons because porosity. It can be higher or lower than the thickness-weighted average of the two individual resistivities, the parallel nature of the conductive paths depending on the porosity and water saturation of the two layers. The correct Sw is derived by calculating PHIe was not understood by many analysts. times Sw for each layer, adding them up, and dividing by the average PHIe.

20 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 CONDshale = shale lamination conductivity (mS/m) REShorz = horizontal resistivity (ohm-m) RESvert = vertical resistivity (ohm-m) RESsand = sand lamination resistivity (ohm-m) RESshale = shale lamination resistivity (ohm-m) VSHavg = shale lamination volume within the interval measured by the logging tool (fractional)

Equations 5 and 6 are as defined by Schlumberger in 1934. Some authors invert the equations so the coefficient is less than or equal to 1.0. Figure 3. The physical model for a laminated shaly sand compared to a clean sand and conventional shaly sands. The high conductivity of the shale lamination (black shading) strongly influences the net conductivity measured by resistivity tools. Equations 1 and 2 can be solved simultaneously for any two unknowns if the other parameters are known or computable. For example, we can solve for RESsand and RESshale if RESvert and REShorz are measured log values and VSHavg is computed from (say) the gamma ray log over an interval. Alternatively, we can solve for RESsand and VSHavg if we assume RESshale = RSH from a nearby thick shale:

8. CONDsand = CONDvert * (CONDshale - CONDhorz) / (CONDshl - CONDvert) 9. VSHavg = (CONDhorz - CONDsand) / (CONDshale - CONDsand)

If you prefer to think in Resistivity terms:

10. RESsand = REShorz * (RESvert - RESshale) / (REShorz - RESshl) 11. VSHavg = (RESsand - RESvert) / (RESsand - RESshale)

RESsand is then used in Archie’s water Figure 4. Photo of laminated shaly sand – white bar is 1 cm (USGS photo. saturation equation, along with porosity from core or from a laminated sand porosity method, for example:

12: PHINsand = (PHIN - VSHavg * PHINSH) / (1 - VSHavg) 13: PHIDsand = (PHID - VSHavg * PHIDSH) / (1 - VSHavg) 14: PHIsand = (PHINsand + PHIDsand) / 2 15: SWsand = (A * RW@FT / ((PHIsand^M) * RESsand))^(1/N)

Where: PHINsand = neutron porosity of a sand lamination PHIN = neutron log reading in the laminated sand PHINSH = neutron shale value in a nearby thick shale PHIDsand = density porosity of a sand lamination PHID = density log reading in the laminated sand Figure 5. Example of vertical and horizontal resistivity in laminated shaly sand (courtesy Baker Hughes). (Continued on page 22...)

RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 21 Figure 6. Estimated productivity vs. actual initial Figure 7. Pore volume (PV) vs. actual initial 90-day Figure 8. Hydrocarbon pore volume (HPV) vs. actual 90-day production. production. initial 90-day production.

(...Continued from page 21) depth, but this may be misleading since only Notice the large difference between Rv and PHIDSH = density shale value in a nearby some of the interval has the porosity and Rh on the raw log and the difference in Sw on thick shale water saturation that is displayed – some of the computed log. PHIsand = effective porosity of a sand the reservoir interval is nearly pure shale. Oil lamination or gas in place must be adjusted by the net to 3-D INDUCTION LOGS IN DIPPING BEDS SWsand = effective water saturation of a gross ratio based on the average shale volume: The example given above involved a laminated sand lamination shaly sand with bedding perpendicular to RW@FT = water resistivity at formation 16: Net2Gross = (1 – VSHavg) the borehole axis (horizontal bedding, temperature (ohm-m) 17: NetSand = (1 – VSHavg) * GrossSand vertical borehole). When beds dip relative A, M, and N = electrical properties of a to the borehole, the situation becomes more sand lamination Vertical resistivity logs are still very rare, but complicated. The relative dip is the important are the tool of choice for laminated shaly factor and takes a bit of thought when the Equations 10 through 15 can be plotted versus sands. An example is shown in Figure 5. borehole is not vertical.

22 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 Figure 9. Flow capacity (KH) vs. actual initial 90-day Figure 10. Net sand vs. actual initial 90-day Figure 11. Shale volume (Vsh) vs. actual initial 90-day production. production. production.

Dipmeter results are presented as true dip ALTERNATE MODELS – LAMINATED properties for each layer. angle and direction relative to a horizontal SHALy SANDS plane and true north. To obtain dip and In the absence of a vertical resistivity MODEL 1: An obvious solution is to use direction of beds relative to a logging measurement, we can make some the math for the vertical resistivity model tool in a deviated borehole, you need the assumptions and use a non-conventional (equations 10 through 17 given earlier) borehole deviation and direction from a analysis model. These models do not with assumed values of RESsand (based on deviation survey. This is often obtained at generate log curves that can be plotted versus a model of a clean sand) and Vsh (based the same time as the dipmeter, but may depth. Instead, they look at stratigraphically on the GR log). The results would give come from some other deviation survey, significant layers and generate the average (Continued on page 24...) either continuous or station by station. you need to rotate the true dips into the plane perpendicular to the borehole to get the final relative dip.

For a conventional induction log, the apparent conductivity is:

18. CONDlog = ((CONDhorz * cos(RelDip))^2 + CONDvert * CONDhorz * (sin(RelDip))^2)^0.5

Where: CONDlog = conductivity measured by a log in an anisotropic rock (ms/m) ReLDip = formation dip angle relative to tool axis

When relative dip is 0 degrees (horizontal bed, vertical wellbore), the conventional log reads CONDhorz, as we know it should. However, if relative dip is 90 degrees, as in a horizontal hole in horizontal laminated sands, the log reading is (CONDhorz * CONDvert) ^0.5. This is a surprise, as we might have expected the tool to measure CONDvert.

If two deviated wells are logged through the same formation (at considerably different deviation angles), two equations of the form of equation 18 can be formulated and solved for CONDhorz and CONDvert. RESsand and VSHavg can then be calculated as in equations 10 and 11. Figure 12. Hester’s reservoir quality indicator (Qual1).

RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 23 density neutron separation over the this data can be mapped and used to control layer’s gross interval PHIMAx spatially. RESsand can be assumed 19: Net2Gross = (1 - VSHavg) or from from a nearby clean hydrocarbon-bearing core, televiewer, or microscanner sand or by inverting the Archie equation 20: NetSand = (1 - VSHavg) * Gross with reasonable values of PHIMAx, RW@ 21: PHIsand = PHIMAx FT, and SW. kBUCkL is usually in the range 22: SWsand = kBUCkL / PHIsand 0.035 to 0.060, varying inversely with grain OR 22: SWsand = (A * RW@FT / size of the clean sand fraction. ((PHIsand^M) * RESsand))^(1/N) A very minimum log suite can be used, Where: since the only curve required is a gamma PHIMAx = maximum porosity expected ray shale indicator, but only if there are no in the clean sand laminations radioactive elements other than clay. This is kBUCkL = Buckle’s number, product not the case in the Milk River, so a minimum of porosity times water log suite will not work here. We have used saturation expected in a the minimum suite successfully in laminated clean sand lamination shaly sands in Lake Maracaibo. Figure 13. Hester number (Q1 >=5) vs. actual initial 90-day production. This model presupposes that the MODEL 3: This model uses the linear log laminated sand is hydrocarbon bearing. response equation to back-out the clean Again, permeability, pore volume (PV), sand fraction properties from the actual hydrocarbon pore volume (HPV), and log readings and the shale properties. The flow capacity (kH) are calculated from the response equations are used on the average above results, just as for conventional sands, of the log curves over the gross sand interval. bearing in mind that the results apply only to We still assume: the NetSand portion of the gross interval. 23: VSHavg = average Vsh from GR or density neutron separation over gross interval The PHIMAx value is the critical factor. If 24: Net2Gross = (1 - VSHavg) or from core, a moderate amount of core data is available televiewer, or microscanner for the sand fraction of the laminated sand, 25: NetSand = Gross * Net2Gross

Figure 14. Hester number (Q1 >=4) vs. actual initial 90-day production.

(...Continued from page 23) an indication of the reservoir quality of the individual layer analyzed. Permeability, pore volume (PV), hydrocarbon pore volume (HPV), and flow capacity (kH) are calculated from the above results, just as for conventional sands, bearing in mind that the results apply only to the NetSand portion of the gross interval. No depth plot would be available as the results apply to the whole layer.

MODEL 2: Another model uses rules for finding the rock properties based on shale volume, along with constants derived from core analysis. These empirical rules can be calibrated to core and then used where there is no core data. The PHIMAx porosity equation and Buckles water saturation equation given below are widely used in normal shaly sands where the log suite is at a minimum, and are equally useful Figure 15. Depth plot showing Hester quality factor in Track 3, shaded black where Qual1 >= 4. Zones with Qual1 >= 5 are worth perforating in this area. Enhanced GR quality curve (labeled Qual_2 here) is shown in Track 4. in the laminated case: Values of QualGR <= 100 show better quality rock. This is a good well, so nearly all the interval passes these cutoffs. The balance of the analysis is from a conventional shaly sand analysis. Porosity and gas bulk volume (red shading in 18: VSHavg = average Vsh from GR or Track 3) show the best intervals to perforate, but the actual values do not represent the reservoir properties.

24 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 although the trend of the data is quite clear. Correlation of actual production versus the various reservoir properties are shown in Figures 7 through 11.

Productivity estimate based on Model 3 results and a log analysis version of the productivity equation can be used as well. The equation is:

32. ProdEst = 6.1*10E-6 * kH * ((PF - PS)^2) / (TF + 273) * FR * 90

Where: kH = flow capacity (mD-meters) (PF - PS) = difference between formation pressure and surface back- pressure (kPa) TF = formation temperature (degrees Celsius) FR = hydraulic fracture multiplier (usually 2.0 to 5.0) The leading constant takes into account borehole radius, drainage radius, and units conversions, and the constant 90 converts e3m3/day into an estimated 3-month production for comparison Figure 16. Laminated shaly sand example showing poorer quality interval with Qual1 less than 5 that are not worth perforating. Scales and header information are the same as the previous illustration. to actual. A correlation between estimated and actual 90-day production is shown in Figure 26: PHINsand = (PHINavg – VSHavg * equations was working well. However, on 6. Note that the equation used is a constant PHINSH) / (1 - VSHavg) some intervals in some wells, the results scaling of kH, so the correlation coefficient is 27: PHIDsand = (PHIDavg – VSHavg * were not nearly so good. the same as the kH graph at 0.906. PHIDSH) / (1 - VSHavg) 28: PHIsand = (PHINsand + PHIDsand) / 2 RESERVOIR QUALITy INDICATORS Because a full log suite was available in the nine 29: CONDsand = (CONDavg – VSHavg * FROM LAMINATED SHALy SAND wells used for calibration, we have obtained the 1000 / RESshale) / (1 - VSHavg) MODELS most likely shale volume (VSHavg) result. The 30: RESDsand = 1000 / CONDsand There are a number of ways to assess eight wells held in reserve to test the model 31: SWsand = kBUCkL / PHIsand reservoir quality. In laminated sands. One also showed very good agreement with initial OR 31: SWsand = (A * RW@ approach is to correlate first three months production. One well that calculated an IP FT / ((PHIsand^M) * or first year production with net reservoir higher than actual can be brought into line with RESDsand))^(1/N) properties from one of the laminated models a small tune-up of the shale density parameter. Where: described above. The following example xxxxavg = log value averaged over a used Model 3 and is from “Productivity RESERVOIR QUALITy FROM AN discreet laminated sand Estimation in the Milk River Laminated Shaly ENHANCED SHALE INDICATOR interval, thicker than the Sand, Southeast Alberta and Southwest Another approach to assessing laminated shaly tool resolution Saskatchewan” by E. R. (Ross) Crain and, sands is to generate reservoir quality curves This model has the advantage of using D.W. (Dave) Hume, CWLS Insite, Dec 2004. that can be plotted versus depth, to assist in fewer arbitrary rules and more log data, choosing perforation intervals. One such curve including resistivity log data. The critical We chose to use the first 8,760 hours of is an enhanced GR modified by the resistivity values are RESshale, PHINSH, and PHIDSH, production (365 days at 24 hours each) contrast between reservoir and shale values: which are picked by observation of the log divided by 4 (3 months of continuous above the zone. It can still be calibrated production) as our “actual” production 33. QualGR = RSH * GR / RESD to core by adjusting these parameters. If figure. This normalizes the effects of testing the Archie water saturation equation is and remedial activities that might interrupt Where: used, it might distinguish hydrocarbon from normal production. QualGR = enhanced gamma ray quality water. The Buckle’s saturation presupposes indicator (API units) hydrocarbons are present. The normalized initial production was RSH = resistivity of a nearby thick shale correlated with net reservoir thickness, (ohm-m) The layer average PHIDsand and PHINsand pore volume (PV), hydrocarbon pore volume GR = gamma ray log reading (API units) can be compared to each other to see if (HPV), and flow capacity (kH). Correlation RESD = deep resistivity log reading they are similar values – they should be coefficients (R-squared) are 0.852, 0.876, (ohm-m) if the parameters are reasonably correct. 0.903, and 0.906 respectively. The correlation This amplifies the shale indicator in cleaner They could cross over if gas effect is strong is made using data calculated over the total zones (higher net sand) and is scaled the same as enough. Our results showed a 0.02 porosity perforated interval. Average shale volume the GR curve. A net reservoir cutoff of QualGR unit variation on the best behaved wells, was correlated with actual production but <= 50 on this curve was a rough indicator of first indicating that the inversion of the response the correlation coefficient was only 0.296, (Continued on page 26...)

RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 25 (...Continued from page 25) cutoff and obtain a thickness-weighted quality three months production, but the correlation and correlate this to actual production, similar coefficient was as poor as for average shale to a net-pay flag using porosity and saturation If you want easy-to-use decision-making tools volume. The QualFR cutoff varies from place cutoffs: to place and can be as high as 100 or more. QUALGR does make a useful curve on a depth 1: IF Qual1 >= x – there’s only one direction to go plot as it shows the best places to perforate 2: THEN PayFlagQ1 = “ON” when density and neutron data are missing. 3: AND PayQ1 = PayQ1 + INCR

RESERVOIR QUALITy FROM HESTER’S Where: petrophysical analysis, and management. He NUMBER x = 4.0 or 5.0 has been a specialist in the integration of well Another quality indicator was proposed in PayQ1 = accumulated pay thickness based on log analysis and petrophysics with geophysical, “An Algorithm for Estimating Gas Production Qual1>= x geological, engineering, and simulation phases of Potential Using Digital Well Log Data, oil and gas exploration and exploitation, with Cretaceous of North Montana”, USGS Open A Hester quality of 4.0 or higher reflects widespread Canadian and Overseas experience. File Report 01-12, by T. C. Hester, 1999. It reservoir rock that is worth perforating, related neutron-density porosity separation and gives similar net reservoir thickness as His textbook, “Crain’s Petrophysical Handbook on and gamma ray response to production, based the previous indicators. Graphs showing CD-ROM” is widely used as a reference to practical on the graph in Figure 12. the correlation of actual production to net log analysis. Mr. Crain is an Honourary Member and reservoir with Qual1 >=5 and >=4 are shown Past President of the Canadian Well Logging Society This graph is converted to a numerical in Figures 13 and 14. The regression coefficients (CWLS), a Member of Society of Petrophysicists industry-leading quality indicator (Qual1) in a complex series are 0.856 and 0.837 respectively. Although and Well Log Analysts (SPWLA), and a Registered customer service of equations that represent predicted flow this looks pretty good, the low rate data is Professional Engineer with Alberta Professional rate. An Excel and Lotus 1-2-3 spreadsheet clustered very badly and other indicators work Engineers, Geologists and Geophysicists (APEGGA). for solving this graph is available free from better in low rate wells. Some of these wells the downloads page on my website at www. were not perforated optimally and the Qual1 spec2000.net. pay flag is helpful for workover planning. Correction: UNICORNS IN THE GARDEN OF GOOD AND EVIL - PART 4 – Gas Shale. The Hester’s paper only looked at the average ABOUT THE AUTHOR units conversion constant KV4 in the Free Gas quality of a laminated reservoir and did not E. R. (Ross) Crain, P.Eng. is a Consulting equation on page 20 (February 2011 issue of consider the thickness of a particular quality Petrophysicist and a Professional Engineer with CSPG Reservoir) was incorrect. The correct value is: level. To overcome this, we can use a quality over 45 years of experience in reservoir description, KV4=0.000 043 560. easy & efficient migration of existing data

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The position involves the investigation of reservoir properties including geomechanics of unconventional rock (shales, tight sands, coals) using a variety of testing equipment including triaxial compression testing equipment, porosity, permeability and di usion geoSCOUT™ uses a Windows-based platform that makes it easy for assessment using novel methodologies, adsorption and surface area analyses, electron microscopy, organic and inorganic you to get the oil and gas data you need to make smarter decisions faster geochemistry and organic petrology. The successful applicant is anticipated to be uent in petrophysics, reservoir modeling and geophysics. Candidates must possess a Ph.D. with specialization in geological or geophysical engineering particularly in reservoir and to maximize the return on your oilfield investments. And, our solution modeling, gas sorption and ow theory and rock physics. Registration or qualications that can lead to registration as a professional provides you with a complete package that all your departments can use. engineer in the province of British Columbia are required. Thousands of landmen, engineers & geologists use geoSCOUT oil and gas Salary will be commensurate with qualications and experience. UBC hires on the basis of merit and is committed to employment mapping and analysis software every day, to make more efficient, informed decisions. equity. We encourage all qualied persons to apply; however, Canadians and permanent residents of Canada will be given priority. Give us an hour for a demo – we know you’ll see the value. Call 403.262.1992 Another Email [email protected] | Online www.geoscout.com powerful suite Applications, including a CV, copies of two relevant publications, and the names, e-mails and phone numbers of three references of tools from should be sent by May 31st, 2011 to Dr. R. Marc Bustin, Department of Earth and Ocean Sciences, The University of British Columbia, 6339 Stores Road, Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z4 (Phone: (604) 822-6179; Fax: (604) 822-6088).

26 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 If you want easy-to-use decision-making tools – there’s only one direction to go

industry-leading customer service

easy & efficient migration of existing data

helping clients increase productivity geoSCOUT™ uses a Windows-based platform that makes it easy for you to get the oil and gas data you need to make smarter decisions faster and to maximize the return on your oilfield investments. And, our solution provides you with a complete package that all your departments can use.

Thousands of landmen, engineers & geologists use geoSCOUT oil and gas mapping and analysis software every day, to make more efficient, informed decisions. Give us an hour for a demo – we know you’ll see the value. Call 403.262.1992 Another Email [email protected] | Online www.geoscout.com powerful suite of tools from

RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 27 (Continued on page 26...) recovery See us CSLogSource 2011; at Booth LOG VIEWER AND SEARCH TOOL 311! Canstrat like you’ve never seen us!

During the past year we have been working on this new method of allowing our users to access the Canstrat data in the most effective way possible. We have created a powerful tool for geologists who can use our ASCII digital data to search our database of 14,000 lithologs from the Western Canadian Sedimentary Basin.

Geologists can search by location or area - Twp - Rge - Lat - Long etc. - and/or formation for lithology, visual porosity, grain size, rounding/sorting, fossil type, and more. Geologists will be able to download TIFF images and depth registration files of logs their companies own a license to, or they can purchase and download online.

There are several levels of access for this:

FREE SEARCH: Search by location, view thumbnails and see Canstrat tops. If you can download an additional 600 meg file, you can also search by lithology and colour for no charge.

SUBSCRIPTION SEARCH: Search using the full capability of our digital data ASCII, by location, and by all the rock properties included in Canstrat lithologs such as lithology, visual porosity, grain size, rounding/sorting, fossil type, and more. You can view logs as thumbnails and view the Canstrat tops.

SUBSCRIPTION SEARCH AND VIEW: Search using the full capability of our digital data ASCII, by location, and by all the rock properties included in Canstrat lithologs such as lithology, visual porosity, grain size, rounding/sorting, fossil type, and more. You can view the full set of 14,000 logs as full size segments and view the Canstrat tops.

Included in Version 1.1 Unlock mechanism for wells that your company has previously purchased a license to from Canstrat; and the ability to purchase and download all 14,000 logs from the WCSB.

We can arrange a demo at your office and also arrange for a free two-week trial.

Email [email protected], CANADIAN STRATIGRAPHIC SERVICES (2000) LTD. or phone 403-284-1112 for more information. www.canstrat.com # 1, 4639 - 6 Street NE Calgary, Alberta T2E 3Z6

Tel: 403-284-1112 Fax: 403-284-1115 A subsidiary of Sigma Explorations Inc. [email protected]

28 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 SHALE GAS CSLogSource Part 9- Comparison of Shale Basins, Original LOG VIEWER AND SEARCH TOOL Gas-in-Place, Resources, and Reserves | By R. J. Spencer1,2, R. Aguilera3, P. K. Pedersen1, C. R. Clarkson1 Canstrat like you’ve never seen us! 1Department of Geoscience, University of Calgary, 2Alberta Innovates Technology Futures, 3Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary

The last part of this series, Part 10, will be item characteristic Barnett, FWB utica, QuéBec published next month. In there we will reply 1 Total porosity of shale, ø 0.050* 0.066** individually to any questions our readers might sh

have. We encourage you to submit your questions 2 Free gas porosity in fractures, øfree 0.017* 0.014** by “date”. We will also take the opportunity to 3 Percent total organic content by weight, TOCwgt 5.00* 1.70 publish some clarifications and an erratum for 4 Percent total organic content by volume, TOC 10.00* 3.40 the series. vol

5 Percent of total porosity filled with free gas, Vfree 34.00 21.21 wHAT MAKES A GOOD SHALE GAS 6 Assumed temperature, Deg. F 180 115 TARGET? 7 Assumed pressure, psia 3,800 3,000** Tables comparing properties of producing reservoirs such as tables 1 and 2 from part 8 Gas formation volume factor, Bgi, cf/scf 0.00419 0.00477**

2 of this series and Table 1 here are used 9 Assumed Swif in free gas porosity, percent 0.00 0.00 to try and determine what is needed for a 10 Assumed S total in composite system, percent 30.00 50.00** successful shale gas target. There does not wi FREE SEARCH: 11 Total gas porosity, ø 0.035 0.033** appear to be a clear-cut distinction among gas

these. For instance, depths of successful 12 Free original gas-in-place, OGIPfree, scf/acre ft 176,743 127,900 reservoirs range from a few hundred to a 13 Total original gas-in-place, OGIP , scf/acre ft 363,883 301,479 few thousand metres. Net thickness ranges t 14 Original gas-in-place in matrix, OGIP , scf/acre ft 187,140 173,579 from <10 to 200 metres. Organic carbon adsorbed SUBSCRIPTION SEARCH: content ranges from less than one to a few 15 Percent of free gas 48.57 42.42 tens of percent. Porosity values also vary 16 Percent of gas in matrix 51.43 57.58 by an order of magnitude. Geologic and 17 Thickness, ft 450 500 lithologic parameters from successful shale gas reservoirs vary considerably. There 18 Total OGIP per section (bscf/section) 104.80 96.48 seems to be no consistent set of parameters 19 Free OGIP per section (Bscf/section) 50.90 40.93 that to date define a good shale gas target SUBSCRIPTION SEARCH AND VIEW: * Data from Wang and Reed, 2009 with any degree of certainty. ** Data from Aguilera, 1978 Table 1. Comparison of the Barnett Shale, Fort Worth Basin (FWB), United States; and Utica Shale, Quebec, The answer to what makes a good shale Canada (Adapted from Chan et al., 2010). gas target appears to lie in the technology available for exploitation, and whether or ORIGINAL GAS IN PLACE (OGIP), of recoverable resources from shale gas not that technology is suitable for the RESOURCES, AND RESERVES reservoirs must include an assessment of formation of interest and the conditions This section attempts to apply the Petroleum the associated uncertainty expressed by therein. To some extent, it appears that Resources Management System (PRMS) to allocation to PRMS categories using the 1P, 2P, what makes a successful shale gas target shale gas reservoirs and draws heavily on 3P; 1C, 2C, 3C; low/best/high methodology is a successful, mature shale gas project. previous work by Chan et al. (2010). The shown on Figure 1. Typically the evaluation Hopefully this will become clearer below. PRMS is endorsed by the Society of Petroleum process begins with estimates of original-gas Engineers (SPE), the World Petroleum in place (see part 4 of this series). Thereafter, Technologic advances in shale gas Council (WPC), the American Association portions of the in-place quantities that may exploitation have been quite rapid. Do we of Petroleum Geologists (AAPG), Society be potentially recovered can be assessed by really understand what changes in drilling of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers (SPEE), clearly identified development programs. and completion practices might maximize and the Society of Exploration Geophysicists production from a set of highly diverse (SEG). A revised version of the PRMS that Undiscovered recoverable shale gas volumes reservoirs? The “optimum shale gas target” will include guidelines for evaluation of are classed as prospective resources and are Email [email protected], CANADIAN STRATIGRAPHIC has been and is likely to continue to be unconventional resources will be available estimated assuming their discovery and future SERVICES (2000) LTD. a moving target because of the geologic to petroleum industry practitioners in the commercial development. PRMS recognizes or phone 403-284-1112 for more information. www.canstrat.com and technical matters mentioned above. near future. that shale gas reservoirs may not support a The mix of environmental issues that have flowing well test but the accumulation may # 1, 4639 - 6 Street NE surfaced during the last few years, along The PRMS is a project-based evaluation and be classed as ‘discovered’ based on other Calgary, Alberta T2E 3Z6 with potential political responses to these, must include project risk and uncertainties. evidence (e.g., sampling and / or well log are likely to influence shale gas exploitation. Commerciality has to be confirmed before interpretation). Tel: 403-284-1112 Market conditions and price are also classification of the recoverable resources Fax: 403-284-1115 paramount. as reserves can be undertaken. Estimations (Continued on page 30...) A subsidiary of Sigma Explorations Inc. [email protected]

RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 29 technical and commercial maturity. Reserves are only attributed after pilot programs On Production have confirmed the technical and economic Approved for producibility and capital is allocated for Development development.

Justified for Development PRMS APPLICATION TO SHALE GAS RESERVOIRS Development Pending The PRMS approach is illustrated by Development On Hold comparing three North American shale gas Development Unclarified projects at different stages of maturity. The Development Utica Shale in the Saint Lawrence Lowlands not Viable of Quebec is in the very early stages of study. The Barnett Shale projects in the United States are considered as mature; however, Prospect there remain major uncertainties regarding Lead ultimate recoveries. The Fayetteville, also in the United States, is at an interim stage of Play maturity. The location of these three shale reservoirs is presented in of Part 1 of this series.

Figure 1. PRMS Reserves and Resources Classification with Project Maturity Sub-Classes (Sources: PRMS and Chan el al., 2010). While there are significant differences in the detailed geology and mineralogy of (...Continued from page 29) Viable. If the recovery processes have been these shale reservoirs, there are sufficient Where technically feasible recovery confirmed as not technically feasible, the in- similarities to allow careful transfer techniques are identified but economic place volumes are classified as Discovered / of learning regarding completion and and / or other commercial criteria are Unrecoverable. As the play and technologies development scenarios to make preliminary not satisfied, even under very aggressive mature and development projects are better estimations of overall potential in the early forecasts, estimates of recoverable quantities defined, portions of estimated volumes stages of the Utica Shale. However, because are classified as Contingent Resources may be assigned to Contingent Resources what works well in one shale can prove to and sub-classified as Development Not sub-classes that recognize this progressive be a major fiasco in another, the technical and commercial viability for development of an unconventional resource must be first be demonstrated by successful pilot projects before conversion to reserves.

All data utilized in this section for illustration purposes is publicly available in the literature and on websites of companies operating in Fayetteville shale gas reservoirs. While the assessments Utica are described using a deterministic approach so that they can be reproduced easily, the same method can be extended to evaluations using probabilistic methods.

Results of early attempts to quantify volumes of natural gas in the Utica shales and potential recoveries are available in the literature (Aguilera, 1978). The work was based on estimates of fracture porosity and water saturation, and the volumes of original gas-in-place (OGIP) were determined volumetrically. The work led to volumes of free gas in the fractures ranging between 5.9 and 26.6 bscf per section (640 acres). The recovery was estimated on the basis of free gas in the fractures, without considering any adsorbed gas, by assuming an abandoning pressure of 100 psi per 1,000 feet of reservoir depth. The result was estimated ultimate recoveries ranging between 4.7 and 21.4 bscf per section at an abandonment pressure of 625 psi. The initial

30 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 On Production

Approved for Development

Justified for Development

Development Pending

Development On Hold Development Unclarified Development not Viable

Prospect

Lead

Play

reservoir pressure used in the estimate was approximately the equivalent, from a gas 3,000 psi. production point of view, to a vertical well.

A forecast per well was carried out by These recent innovative technologies have assuming some damage around the wellbore also been used in the Fayettville and are and continuous transient linear flow being investigated in the Utica shale. Figure throughout 20 years without reaching any 2 shows learning curves comparing gas boundary effects. The initial average rate for production from these two shale reservoirs. the first year of production was estimated at Fayetteville There is continuous improvement with time 0.5 MMscfd based on actual testing results Utica in gas production rates in both reservoirs. of vertical wells. Gas cumulative after 20 The last horizontal well drilled, stimulated, years of production was calculated to be and tested in the Utica shales in early 2.5 bscf. A preliminary analysis of a partial Figure 2. Learning curves comparison between the 2010, the Saint Eduard No. 1A, is shown development project drilling 90 wells was Fayetteville and the Utica Shales (Source: Websites to produce gas, at the time of testing, considered to be potentially economic with of companies operating in shale gas reservoirs, Chan with a rate of over 5 MMscf/d. If this et al., 2010). only 46 successful wells required to break rate holds at economic levels it would be even. In spite of this economic evaluation the reasonable to start moving some of the project was deemed to have a large degree recoverable resources of the total play Utica volumes from the Prospective into the of risk and a low chance of commerciality would be between a low of 711 bscf and a Contingent Resources class as there would and as a result the project was put on hold. high of approximately 3,200 bscf. be a continuous increase in the chance of commerciality. If not, additional pilots would Fast forward 33 years. We could now There have been significant advances have to be drilled. classify the recoverable volumes from the during the last few years particularly on Utica Shale under PRMS as prospective issues related to drilling and completion Different operating companies utilize Resources with a range of uncertainty of horizontal wells in shale gas formations different evaluation methods and between low and high estimates of 4.7 as discussed in Part 6 of this series. These some put a lot of weight on adsorbed and 21.4 bscf per section, respectively. The technologies have been used successfully gas volumes. In Table 1, we use exactly project would be put on hold until sufficient in several shale reservoirs including, for the same methodology for consistency wells were drilled that would allow portions example, the Barnett in Texas. Based on while comparing the Utica and Barnett to be reclassified as ‘discovered’ and thus results to date, the industry has developed shales, using publically available data. The Contingent Resources. As the Utica shales a useful “rule of thumb” that each hydraulic methodology for running the calculations extend over 150 square miles, the potential fracture stage in a horizontal well is (Continued on page 32...)

Source-Eval Ltd.: Exploration Geochemistry for Unconventional and Conventional Plays

B.C. Ab. Sk.

Expanded V Area

%Ro Vit.or Equiv. 4.80 3.4 3.2 DRY 3.0 GAS 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.20 2.2 2.0 WET 1.8 GAS 1.6 1.4 1.30 1.2 OIL 1.0 0.8 0.55 0.6 0.4

ISO-REFLECTANCE 1000 1000 I (%Ro) VITRINITE or TOC - Rock-Eval I 120

o EQUIVALENT R

.5% 0.6 800 0 800

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400 and Source Rock Characterization, # PI HI HI400 o R 40 % 5 .3 1 multiple horizons (Elk Pt. to Paskapoo) 0.2

200 200

III . Oil Prone? Condensate? Dry Gas? III 0 IV 0 0 0 430 465 400 450 500 550 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 Reservoir Evaluation: Petrography, 0 50 100 150 200 . 400 440 480 520 560 XRD, SEM, Paragenesis, Desorption, TOC Tmax OI Tmax Resource Determination, Geo-mechanical Analysis, Basin Modeling. For presentation or discussion please contact: [email protected] or Tel: 403 607 6565 www.source-eval.com

RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 31 (...Continued from page 31) shown on Table 1 has been presented in part 4 of this series. An important objective is determining gas in place and what portion of that total volume is stored as free gas. Some of the characteristics of the Utica and Barnett shales are different, for example, the percent TOC. Others, such as free-gas Your Wellbore Solution. porosities are considered to be of the same order of magnitude. For example, free-gas porosity for the Barnett has been estimated at 1.7% by Wang and Reed (2009). Free Reservoir Engineering gas porosity for the Utica shale has been estimated at 1.4% by Aguilera (1978). Volumetric estimates of total OGIP per acre-ft are of the same order of magnitude (104.8 for the Barnett and 96.5 for the Utica). Volumetric estimates of free OGIP per acre-ft also compare reasonably well (50.9 for the Barnett and 40.9 for the Utica). Furthermore both reservoirs have readily available access to markets.

However, in spite of the above reasonable comparisons, a large part of the Barnett is assigned reserves because the ‘project base’ evaluation, including pilots, is commercial, presents relatively low risk, and has reasonably well defined production decline type curves that decrease significantly the range of uncertainty. On the other hand, the Utica is still lacking definitive results from pilot wells and clearly defined production decline curves.

REFERENCES Aguilera, R. 1978. Log analysis of gas-bearing GO FURTHER THAN PETROPHYSICS fracture shales in the Saint Lawrence Lowlands of Quebec. Society of Petroleum Engineers Manage, edit, organize and analyze all your data together in one environment... paper 7445 presented at the SPE 53rd Annual • Sophisticated multiple-function Saturation-Height modelling Fall Technical Conference and Exhibition held in Houston, Texas, 1-3 October 1978. • Develop in the core domain and reconcile to the log domain, or optimize directly in the log domain Chan, P., Etherington, J. R., and Aguilera, R. • Apply saved models and export to reservoir modeling software 2010. A process to evaluate unconventional resources. Society of Petroleum Engineers paper • QC and analyze pressure-time pre-test data 134602 presented at the SPE Annual Technical • Detect uid types, free uid levels and hydraulic zones in single Conference and Exhibition held in Florence, or multi-well pressure-depth analysis mode Italy, 19-22 September 2010.

Wang, F. P. and Reed, R. M. 2009. Pore networks and fluid flow in gas shales, Society of Petroleum Engineers paper 124253 presented at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and MODULES SHOWN Exhibition held in New Orleans, Louisiana, 4-7 October 2009.

Saturation-height Techcore FPress Fluid contact Websites of Some Companies Operating in modelling Shale Gas Reservoirs (accessed in 2010): Questerre: http://www.questerre.com/en/h/en/ www.techsia.com/Techlog Southwestern Energy: http://www.swnnb.ca/ ©2011 Schlumberger. 11-IS-0131 Junex: http://www.junex.ca/en/drilling/unique- company.php

32 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 2010 PRESIDENT’S AwARDS | By John Varsek, CSPG President 2010 yearly, CSPG recognizes its most distinguished Mark provided organizational and financial Mark is also being recognized for his volunteer. Recipients for the President’s leadership to the GeoCanada 2010 organizing authorship and continued updating of the Award are selected by the President at the end committee. Geological Highway Map of Alberta, which of his term. The President’s Award is awarded he first compiled and published in 2000 for for sustained and distinguished service to His leadership led to smart decisions, financial the CSPG. This project is a very visible the Society. Past winners share the traits of stability, solid program delivery, and a better and pertinent contribution by Mark and the providing exemplary leadership in a variety than forecast financial performance that Society to geoscience education of the public. of roles and which the Society recognizes benefited both the reputation of the CSPG as leading models of achievement to be as Canada’s leading Geoscientific Society and Every organization needs reliable, emulated. Many recipients have continued all participating partners. experienced, and talented individuals who to contribute to the Society, its programs (Continued on page 34...) and events, such that this award reflects a milestone in their past and continuing excellent contributions.

Dr. Mark Cooper

Dr. Mark Cooper has already earned several of the CSPG’s most prestigious awards. This is his second President’s award, the first being bestowed in 2006. It is the first time the CSPG has honoured the same recipient twice with a President’s award. He epitomizes how our outstanding leaders continue to make a positive difference in our Society and community.

This time he is being recognized for two major accomplishments. First, for assuming the chairmanship and leadership of the GeoCanada 2010 convention in a challenging environment, when the economic and Industrial outlook was bleak. He effectively led the joint convention of Canada’s six leading geoscience Societies, including two umbrella groups representing all Canadian geoscientists. Drawing on skills that distinguished him as a business leader and employing his extensive convention experience as:

1. the CSPG technical chairperson of GeoCanada 2000, 2. the communications chair for the 2003 convention, and as 3. the co-general chair of the 2006 CSPG- CSEG-CWLS convention.

RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 33 (...President’s Award continued from page 33) for sustained and influential contributions to provide sensible insight and confident the Society following his Presidential term. leadership to steer them through crises and Four key contributions are being recognized. challenges. That is why we are honouring Mark’s leadership. It is through efforts such 1. Laying the foundation for rebuilding as his that the Society continues to thrive in the Society. Colin provided essential spite of the economic and industrial cycles. continuity in advising the Executive Mark’s achievement exemplifies continuous teams of 2008, 2009, and 2010 on office service and leadership among many Society restructuring, including the modernization contributions. Mark has, and I hope will of employment and financial policies and key continue to be, a great contributor to the staffing decisions that resulted subsequently Society. in strong financial performance. He also advocated for a visionary, strategically focused, and active Executive like that of Mr. Colin Yeo was CSPG president in 2007. the past two years, which will be continued Mr. Colin Yeo However, he is receiving this President’s award into the future. 2. Partnership development. Colin oversaw negotiation of the Joint Annual Conventions agreement with the CSEG, which is the CSPG’s first long-term partnership agreement. This beneficial and successful achievement and its learnings are paving the way for future partnerships Get opportunities to provide better and more exciting conventions, reliable sponsorship opportunities, and meaningful projects More between our two Societies. 3. Mentoring the Executive. Colin has provided pertinent and appreciated one-on- one guidance to various CSPG Directors since 2008 in the areas of Publication, Finance, Volunteer Management, and Executive performance. 4. Guiding and contributing to the expansion of the Reservoir magazine. from Since 2006, Colin has influenced the expansion of technical content and contributed editorials about Executive activities and significant volunteer contributions. The Reservoir magazine today, is regarded consistently as your one of the key benefits of CSPG membership. The Reservoir has become a widely read and visible anchor for the Society and a key platform for our advertisers.

In summary, Colin’s achievements are best Core viewed cumulatively for their impact on With reservoirs becoming increasingly complex, many aspects of Society operations and you need the most accurate information you can services. He keeps the future and pertinence get to better understand your reservoir. of the Society at the forefront. He tactfully brings many issues, compelling insights, and Weatherford Labs helps you get more from your core by combining an unsurpassed global team of geoscientists, new opportunities to the attention of the engineers, technicians and researchers with the industry’s leadership. He has a rare and effective talent most comprehensive, integrated laboratory services for which the CSPG is grateful. worldwide. From core analysis, sorption, geochemistry and isotopic composition to detailed basin modeling and Full citations for Mark Cooper and Colin comprehensive data packages, we provide you with real Yeo appear in the March 2011 Bulletin of reservoir rock and fluid information that hasn’t been weatherfordlabs.com distilled by a simulator or iterated by software. Canadian Petroleum Geology.

™ We call it “The Ground Truth ” – giving you the accurate The 2010 President’s Awards will be answers you need for better reservoir understanding. You’ll call it a better return on your reservoir investment. To learn presented at the CSPG Awards Ceremony more, contact [email protected]. on Monday, May 9th at the Hyatt Regency Calgary (Imperial Ballroom) starting at 6:00pm. This event is open to the public; please feel free to invite family and friends.

34 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 STUDENT INDUSTRy FIELD TRIP (SIFT) 2011 | By Dawn Hodgins, SIFT Chair

The Student Industry Field Trip, fondly known as acquisition, exploration drilling, and deal making documents will then be forwarded to interested “SIFT,” is the CSPG’s flagship student program in a designated area that simulates typical oil and employers. The documents of applicants are where 3rd year undergrad geology students are gas industry activity. The trip concludes with sent out to companies at the beginning of April. introduced to the petroleum industry. Founded the mock companies presenting their financial Typically, each year 8-12 students participate in in 1978 by Bill Ayrton, the SIFT program was standing and geological interpretation to a panel the program. originally a four-day course that has now grown of industry judges. Two winning teams are into an intense two-week program, which has selected by the industry judging panel: the team Interested employers should then contact been running for 33 years. Every year following with the best overall geological interpretation Alyssa Middleton at the CSPG office (Alyssa. the end of the winter school term, one student and the team with the highest fiscal growth (i.e., [email protected] or (403)513-1233) with representative from each Canadian university they made the most money!). The members of the names of students they are interested in offering a geosciences or geological engineering the two winning teams are then presented with interviewing. We ask that potential employers degree is brought to Calgary for a comprehensive their prestigious awards at the final Student- provide us with their list of interview candidates introduction to the petroleum industry. Industry Wine & Cheese Mixer on the last day by April 18th. We do not encourage companies of the program. to contact or make offers to the students prior The two-week program includes a summer to SIFT. employment program (for interested parties), an In addition to all of this action, each year the extensive lecture series, core workshops, field SIFT committee aids students in finding summer The SIFT committee Student Liaison will then trips, and a petroleum exploration game. SIFT has employment for those that are interested in arrange the interview schedule. Interviews become successful because of the considerable gaining further experience following the two- will take place Sunday, May 1st, 2011 at the support received from the petroleum industry week SIFT program. Interviews with interested University of Calgary. Alternate interview dates and from the CSPG’s Educational Trust Fund companies will be scheduled just prior to the may be arranged between May 1st and May 13th. each year. start of the official program. Many of Calgary’s Students seeking employment are flown in a day oil and gas companies have used the SIFT job early so that the interviews do not interfere with The students attend a series of lectures given by program to obtain talented summer students the busy SIFT schedule. In the event of a conflict, industry experts on topics key to the petroleum fresh from a comprehensive introduction to we will try to work around your schedule. Once industry, such as well logging/interpretation, the petroleum industry. By hiring SIFT students, interviews have been completed, offers can be carbonate/clastic reservoirs, geophysics, companies can save on initial training expenses, made to the students. We suggest that once operations, and more. Students also participate while providing the SIFT students with an you decide to make an offer, you do so as soon in core workshop seminars, a four-day Rocky opportunity to further their petroleum industry as possible, as some students may receive more Mountain geological field trip, a Dinosaur experience. than one offer. Students will be available to work Provincial Park field trip, and a rig tour. from May 16th until the end of August this year. Students are selected by the SIFT committee In addition to the rigorous classroom and field in early March. We, the committee, inquire if If you are not able to find a student suitable for work, students also participate in an exploration the student is interested in applying for summer your available position, you are not obliged to game that allows them to apply their new- employment in the petroleum industry. The hire one. If you have any questions or concerns, found knowledge of geology and techniques interested students provide the committee a please contact Alyssa Middleton at (403) 513- practiced in the industry. The students are cover letter, résumé, and transcripts. The SIFT 1233 or [email protected]. grouped into fledgling oil and gas companies Committee contacts potential summer job and given an initial sum of money to manage employers by several means to solicit positions and grow their company through land sale for the SIFT program students. The students’

RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 35 51st ANNUAL CSPG CLASSIC Elbow Springs Golf Club • June 15 - 17, 2011

5 1 1 1 s t 0 C 2 LASSIC The Tournament would like to thank the following 2010 sponsors: Registration Form Diamond Sponsors NAME: geoLOGIC Systems Little Rock Document Services Schlumberger of Canada SPOUSE’S NAME: Emerald Sponsors COMPANY: GeoStrata Resources Inc. RBC Dominion Securities IHS Energy Weatherford Canada Partnership ADDRESS (Bus.): Macquarie Tristone Capital Advisors Wildcat Scouting Services (1991) Ltd. POSTAL CODE: Platinum Sponsors AGAT Laboratories M J Systems TELEPHONE: CELL PHONE: Athabasca Oil Sands Corp. Painted Pony Petroleum Corp. Baker Atlas Wireline Pason Systems Corp. E-Mail: Belloy Petroleum Consulting ProGeo Consultants CB Securities RECON Petrotechnologies Ltd. SHIRT SIZE: q S q M q L q XL q XXL All contestants are required to have a photo in the Golfer’s Photo Roster. Divestco Inc. RPS Energy Former contestants who have submitted a photo in the past need not do so again. Energy Navigator Inc. Ryan Energy Technologies Handicap / Golf Index ______or Fugro Data Solutions Canada Inc. Sproule Associates Ltd. Average of best three 18-hole scores in past 2 years:______GLJ Petroleum Consultants West Canadian Halliburton Registration Fee: Includes three rounds of golf with power cart; Paid driving range; Door prize draws; Skill prizes; BBQ (at Elbow Springs) and Gold Sponsors Awards Banquet (Calgary Petroleum Club) both for you and your guest. Arcis Corporation Pajak Engineering Ltd. ATB Financial Petrocraft Products Ltd. Cost: Tournament Fee $428.50 ConocoPhillips Canada Polaris Resources Ltd. GST $21.45 Continental Laboratories Ltd. Regent Resources Ltd. Total if paying by cheque $449.95 Deepwell Energy Services ReSurge Ltd. Credit Card Fee $13.50 Total if using credit card $463.45 Devon Canada Corporation Rigsat Communications Knowledge Energy Inc. Sample Pro Ltd. To assist the Entertainment Committee with budgeting, please indicate MD Totco Nov. Wellsite Gas Watch Van Helden Agencies Ltd. if you plan to attend the two major social events of the tournament:

Silver Sponsors Wednesday Barbecue: Self: Yes q No q Barry Rypien Montane Resources Ltd. Guest: Yes q No q Gabel Energy Inc. Trivision Geosystems Friday Awards Banquet: Self: Yes q No q Martin Quinn Guest: Yes q No q

Bronze Sponsors Social Events Cancellation or Additions require 72 hours notice before Candian Stratigraphic Services Hydro-Fax Resources Ltd. the event. Please contact Bob Earle by phone: (403) 803-3744 or email:

Crow River Resources San Dago Resources Ltd. [email protected] Make Cheques Payable To: CSPG (Classic Golf) Send Entries To: CSPG Classic Golf Tournament The CSPG Classic Golf Tournament has incorporated 600, 640-8th Avenue S. W. fundraising for charity as part of the event. Calgary, AB, T2P 1G7 In 2011,,, , the charities selected are the * Please photocopy your entry form and cheque before mailing. Salvation Army Agape Hospice and the CSPG Education Trust Fund. Last day for refund requests: June 1, 2011.

On-Line Registration Information: Mail/Courier Registration: Print this registration Form Use CSPG Membership Log-In, (http://www.cspg.org/events/events-social-classicgolf.cfm) Go to Event Registration-Social Events, CSPG Classic send to CSPG Office with cheque.

36 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 FINANCING THE FUTURE: CSPG Undergraduate Awards | By Aaron Grimeau and Tannis McCartney

The CSPG offered four awards, funded student at Memorial University. His academic by the CSPG Education Trust Fund, to interests are in reservoir characterization, outstanding undergraduate students across hydrocarbon exploration, sedimentary Canada. The competition was organized by diagenesis, and geophysics. Frank is currently Aaron Grimeau and Sandra Rosenthal of the working on an honours thesis with Dr. University Outreach Committee. James MacQuaker, using a variety of methods to look for links between petrofacies and One award of $500.00 was allocated to each lithofacies in a shale play in northeastern of four regions: British Columbia. Frank is also the past- 1. Atlantic Canada and Québec president of the Alexander Murray Geological 2. Central/Ontario Club at Memorial University, and has interests 3. Western Canada in hockey, guitar, and volunteering in the 4. Canada-wide community. He is grateful for the support of the CSPG, and looks forward to spending the Of these four awards, only two were summer working in industry before beginning awarded this year, to Gennyne McCune of graduate studies in the fall. the University of Calgary and Frank Ryan of Memorial University of Newfoundland. The Gennyne McCune began working in the awards allocated for the Central/Ontario and Arctic in 2008 as an assistant with the Canada-wide regions were not awarded due Geological Survey of Canada. She was an to a lack of applicants. assistant again in 2009, but in 2010 she conducted research for her undergraduate Frank Ryan attending field school on the Geology of In order to be selected for the award, thesis, supported by the Geomapping for the Mesozoic Strata of Yorkshire in the UK the applicants needed to demonstrate an Energy and Minerals (GEM) program, on interest and talent for soft-rock geology Ellef Ringnes Island. Gennyne is examining the geochemical and paleoenvironmental and petroleum exploration and development, the widespread occurrence of glendonites conditions in the Sverdrup Basin associated through a personal essay, a letter of in Cretaceous shales of the Sverdrup Basin. with glendonite occurrences, and she is recommendation from a professor, and The presence of glendonites can be an looking forward to returning to the Arctic to academic standing (as evidenced by a copy of indicator of cold temperatures and specific continue this work. the applicant’s transcripts). chemical conditions often encountered in association with organic-rich sediments at Congratulations to both Gennyne and Frank Ryan is a fourth-year earth sciences high latitudes. Gennyne’s goal is to interpret Frank for winning the 2010/2011 CSPG Undergraduate Awards, and thank you for your contributions to this article. Application deadlines for next year will be in late January again to give students time to apply. We hope to see an increased number of applicants for the 2011/2012 academic year such that we can give out all the awards.

LONG-TIME MEMBERS RECEPTION If you have been a member of CSPG for over 30 years (since 1981) and have not yet received your invitation please contact kasandra klein, [email protected] or 403.513.1229.

Gennyne McCune in the Arctic in 2008

RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 37

Seismic Inversion

for Petrel NETwORKING wITH A Every professional level, every skill level, Deterministic and Stochastic NINE-IRON and every geo-discipline is welcome at Inversion developed by Earthworks Eighteenth green, five-foot uphill putt with a slight break to the right. IfÉ .. noÉ . when I sink this putt, I will claimEighteenth the CSPG green, Classic five-foot trophy uphillfor my putt flight, with and braggingthis tournament. rights for the Men, next year.women, senior, and a slight break to the right. If….. no…. junior…we want everyone to come and Arewhen oil and I sink gas this deals putt, consummated I will claim the with CSPG on the coursehave fun! like on a Hollywood movie? No, however, in Calgary,Classic golf trophy is a big for part my of flight, the oil and & gas bragging industry and the oil & gas industry is big into golf. Our industry is about people, process and plays. The plays and process may change as we have witnessed with the Earthworks Seismic Inversion harvestingrights for practice the next of year.resource type plays, but it is Thethe peopleCSPG drivingClassic the is ideasdesigned that tomake match our industry plug-in for Petrel* is an ultra-fast full thrive. participants with similar skill level into featured seismic inversion software Are oil and gas deals consummated on groups to insure that everyone has a enabling effective use of imped- Yes,the we course can always like onsocialize a Hollywood via BlackBerry, movie? Facebook chance or LinkedIn. to win. As More such, effectively you can though,find a new- we can step ance data and AVO in the reservoir onto a golf course and engage in face-to-face social networking with the professionals who are involved modeling workflow. in No,the latest however, plays, in technologies Calgary, golf and is afinancing big part structures grad duringgolfing anwith extended a VP of game exploration, of golf. Here the you can leaveof thethe oilrock and hammer gas industry in the bag and and the pull oil out and the nine-iron!owner of a successful service company, or • Fully integrated into Petrel gas industry is big into golf. Our industry the person you’ve been dealing with for a th st Onis June about 15, people,16 and 17process,, 2011, and the CSPGplays. willThe host theyear 51 but Annual have never CSPG met. Classic The Golfpurpose Tournament of at Elbow Springs Golf and Country Club in Calgary. There will be 144 geologists and geophysicists and • Inversion of pre- and post stack plays and process may change as we have the Classic is to share time with colleagues, seismic data associated industry service companies networking while enjoying three rounds of golf. Here at the Classic, businesswitnessed contacts with arethe made harvesting and friendships practice maintained.of forge some partnerships, and maybe even a • Several optional algorithms for resource-type plays, but it is the people few friendships. We’re all in this business The CSPG Classic Golf Tournament is unique in that includes three rounds of golf over three days in both deterministic and stochas- driving the ideas that make our industry together! addition to on-course sponsor tents with refreshments and food, a Friday breakfast and three evening tic inversion dinnersthrive. including the awards banquet and dance on Friday at the Petroleum Club which is always an entertaining end to this wonderful event. The tournamentThe 2011 features CSPG Classic over $10,000 welcomes in returningprizes and draws • Functionality for inspecting includingyes, we vacation can always trips, socialize a Bar-B-Q via drawBlackBerry, and daily holecharity and skillpartner prizes. AGAPE Hospice, as well as results and better understand Facebook, or LinkedIn. More effectively the CSPG Educational Trust Fund, who the geophysical uncertainty in Every professional level, every skill level and every geo-discipline is welcome at this tournament. Men, reservoir modeling women,though, senior we canand step juniorÉ onto we a wantgolf courseeveryone and to comewill and benefit have fromfun! special events during the engage in face-to-face social networking tournament. Thewith CSPG the professionalsClassic is designed who are to involvedmatch participants in with similar skill level into groups to insure that everyone has a chance to win. As such, you can find a new-grad golfing with a VP of exploration, the the latest plays, technologies, and financing So grab your nine-iron and register early owner of a successful service company or the person youÕ ve been dealing with for a year but have never structures during an extended game of golf. at the CSPG website, and come out and Prior Model met. The purpose of the Classic is to share time with colleagues, forge some partnerships and maybe 3D errors evenHere a few you friendships. can leave the WeÕ rock re all hammer in this business in the together!share this opportunity to expand your bag and pull out the nine-iron! network…with a nine-iron. Questions can The 2011 CSPG Classic welcomes returning charity partner AGAPE Hospice as well as the CSPG be directed to [email protected]. Educational Trust Fund who will benefit from special events during the tournament. On June 15, 16, and 17th, 2011, the CSPG Deterministic Inversion Stochastic Inversion Sowill grab host your thenine-iron 51st andAnnual register CSPG early Classic at the CSPGSincerely, website and come out and share this opportunity to expandGolf yourTournament networkÉ at with Elbow a nine-iron. Springs Questions Golf can be directed to [email protected].

Sincerely,and Country Club in Calgary. There will be 144 geologists and geophysicists and associated industry service companies

*Marks of Schlumberger Mikenetworking, LaBerge while enjoying three rounds of Mike LaBerge Chairmangolf. Here at the Classic, business contacts Chairman CSPGare madeClassic and Golf friendships Committee maintained. CSPG Classic Golf Committee

The CSPG Classic Golf Tournament is unique in that includes three rounds of golf over three days in addition to on-course sponsor tents with refreshments and Learn more? food, a Friday breakfast and three evening dinners, including the awards banquet and Visit us at Recovery 2011 Joint Convention booth #204 dance on Friday at the Petroleum Club, which is always an entertaining end to this wonderful event. The tournament features [email protected] +1 403 538 4799 over $10,000 in prizes and draws, including vacation trips, a Bar-B-Q draw, and daily w w w.blueback-reservoi r.c o m hole and skill prizes.

38 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 wHAT’S IN A NAME? | By Tom Sneddon, P.Geol., Manager of Geoscience Affairs, APEGGA Calgary

For as long as I can remember, field hands change to your ways of doing things. If you more than one jurisdiction will save business have called us “Geo’s”. It didn’t matter want to change your scope of practice from card and letterhead space by dropping whether it was a diamond-drilling crew or a geology to geophysics, you still need to the “P.Geol. (Alberta)” from the list of seismic crew; it was a common bit of verbal qualify as a geophysicist with the academics credentials we display. shorthand. I always bore the title proudly and experience requirements necessary to because it amply described what I did for work in that field. The secondary motivator has to do with a living. Being one of those borderline the convergence between Geology and geophysicist/geologist types, it was always a New entrants into geoscience will be Geophysics thanks, in part, to the extensive nuisance to have to tell people what I wasn’t granted exclusive use of the Professional use of reservoir/ore body modelling and and “Geo” covered the turf quite nicely. Geoscientist title. Professional Geologist other interpretive software in geoscience. and Professional Geophysicist will be phased The thoroughly modern geoscientist must On February 23, 2011 the Alberta out as the current crop of practitioners have a greater grasp of basic sciences Legislature gave Bill 3 - ENGINEERING, who hold them leaves the professions. and mathematics than ever before. To GEOLOGICAL AND GEOPHySICAL understand the modelling (even contouring) PROFESSIONS AMENDMENT ACT, 2011 The primary motivator for the change is programs that are in common use, one must (the “Amendment Act”) first reading. the set of obligations imposed on Alberta be able to interpret the algorithms used When the bill finally makes it through the citizens by the Canada-wide agreement on in the programs; the geostatistics behind legislative process to Proclamation, the title Internal Trade; the prairie regional New them and the computer implementation “Professional Geoscientist” will be joining West Partnership Agreement; and the of those algorithms. This goes equally for “Professional Geologist” and “Professional Trade, Investment and Labour Agreement the increasingly more sophisticated seismic Geophysicist” as legal titles in Alberta for between Alberta and British Columbia. interpretation packages and the processing those people who the APEGGA Board of All other jurisdictions in Canada recognize steps that were involved in creation of Examiners deem qualified to bear them. the Professional Geoscientist label as being the interpretation datasets. The practical parallel to the Professional Engineer title we requirements for geology are beginning to For those who choose to adopt the new title are all familiar with. There is less intellectual look a lot more like geophysics than ever (it will be optional for those practitioners distance between the geoscience disciplines before. who already hold the latter two titles), than there is between, say, civil engineering An outcome of the change in corporate “P.Geo.” will take up less real estate on and computer engineering. A side benefit of title, APEGGA has chosen to do a “soft your business card, but will make no other this is that those of us who are registered in (Continued on page 40...)

RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 39 (...Continued from page 39) (i) a professional licensee (geoscience), or profession consists exclusively of conversion” of its corporate image. That (ii) a professional technologist as defined teaching geoscience at the university. means the logo stays the same, but the in section 86.4(m); name of the organization will change to There is a significant number of other places the Association of Professional Engineers The Act will also define the exclusive scope in the amendment that replaces “Geologist” and Geoscientists of Alberta” (APEGA) of geoscience: and “Geophysicist” with “Geoscientist”, immediately following proclamation of the in particular in defining the exclusive right revised Act. The name of the Act will Exclusive scope of the practice of geoscience to title. Readers are advised to visit the change to the “Engineering and Geoscience 5(1) Subject to subsection (2), no individual, Legislature website: Professions Act”; newly graduated members corporation, partnership or other entity, will become Geoscientists-in-Training; and except a professional geoscientist, a http://www.assembly.ab.ca/ISy S/ collectively we will be called “geoscientists” licensee so authorized in the licensee’s LADDAR_files/docs/bills/bill/legislature_27/ in all communications, no matter what our licence or a permit holder so authorized session_4/20110222_bill-003.pdf sheepskins say. The first tentative steps in the permit, shall engage in the practice in this direction occurred when the new of geoscience. and review the changes directly. This is APEGGA magazine appeared under the (2) Subsection (1) does not apply to the critically important if you are not currently masthead of “The PEG” in 2010. following: an APEGGA member, but are interested (a) a person engaged in the execution in joining and it hasn’t been clear which Reading the Amendment Act isn’t easy, as or supervision of the construction, category of member you should apply for. there are a lot of “struck outs and replaced maintenance, operation or inspection This has been an issue for people working at bys” in its verbiage, but going through it is of any geoscientific investigation, the higher end of the geophysical industry, in definitely worth your time. process, system, study, work or new areas of practice where engineering and instrumentation in the capacity of geoscience collide, and in the well logging The most significant change is the definition contractor, superintendent, foreman industry. of “Geoscience” in the act, replacing the or inspector, or in any similar practice of Geology and the practice of capacity, when the investigation, The final motivation for making the Geophysics with a more general definition: process, system, study, work change is to allow APEGA to participate in or instrumentation has been Geoscientists Canada National Professional 3(r) “practice of geoscience” means designed by, and the execution or Geoscience public communications initiatives. (i) reporting, advising, evaluating, supervision is being carried out under The wording of the EGGP Act made such interpreting, processing, geoscientific the supervision and control of, a participation legally “iffy” and APEGGA lost surveying, exploring, classifying professional geoscientist or licensee; an opportunity to address the entire nation reserves or examining related to any (b) a person engaged in the practice of on a couple of occasions as a consequence. activity geoscience as a geoscientist-in-training (A) that relates to the earth sciences or or geoscience technologist in the The Amendment Act also deals with cross- the environment, course of being employed or engaged references between other Alberta Acts that (B) that is aimed at the discovery or and supervised and controlled by a make mention of the name of the Act, a development of oil, natural gas, coal, professional geoscientist, licensee or need for authentication of documents,0 or metallic or non-metallic minerals, permit holder; responsibilities of professional geoscientists, precious stones, other natural (c) a person who, as a prospector, is such as under the Alberta Water Act and the resources or water or that is aimed engaged in any activities that are Fair Trading Act. at the investigation of surface or normally associated with the business subsurface conditions of the earth, of prospecting; While the Amendment Act does not make and (d) a member of the Canadian Forces for exciting reading, it is important that (C) that requires, in that reporting, while actually employed on duty with everyone exchanging geoscience advice for advising, evaluating, interpreting, the Forces; money should be aware of the changes. The processing, geoscientific surveying, (e) a person engaged in conducting Law of Unintended Effects applies every exploring, classifying reserves a routine geoscientific survey or time a new act appears and an old one is or examining, the professional preparing a routine geoscientific amended. Some of the nuances of meaning application of the principles of report where the specifications and in the context of an individual practice, for mathematics, chemistry, physics or standards for the survey or report instance, may not have come to the attention biology through the application of have been prepared or approved of the legislative drafting committees. If you the principles of geoscience, by a professional geoscientist or find any of these, please document them and or licensee; bring them to the attention of the Executive (ii) teaching geoscience at a university; (f) a person engaged in the routine Director (soon to be Chief Executive Officer) reduction or plotting of geoscientific of APEGGA (soon to become APEGA). And also the definition of Professional data under the supervision and Geoscientist: control of professional geoscientist If you have any questions concerning the or licensee; revisions to the Act, please direct them (w) “professional geoscientist” means (g) a person engaged in the routine to me and I will ensure you get a speedy an individual who holds a certificate of operation, maintenance or repair of response. Specifically, e-mail your questions registration to engage in the practice of geoscience equipment or facilities; to [email protected] or call me at (403) geoscience under this Act but does not (h) a person engaged or employed by 262-7714. include: a university whose practice of the

40 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 CORPORATE SPONSORSHIP

Would you like to learn more about sponsor opportunities with the CSPG? Please contact [email protected] for more information

PROGRAM SPONSORSHIP CONTINUING EDUCATION Technical Luncheons Development of Short Courses Technical Luncheon Web Casting Program Development of Field Seminars Technical Divisions On-Going Field Seminars and Short Technical Divisions Bag Lunch Assist Courses

NETWORKING EVENT SPONSORSHIP CONFERENCE SPONSORSHIP 10K Road Race & 5K Fun Run Conference Naming Rights Mixed Golf Tournament International Core Conference Squash Tournament Gussow Geoscience Conference CSPG Classic Golf

OUTREACH SPONSORSHIP ADDITIONAL SPONSORSHIP Student Industry Field Trip (SIFT) Digital Atlas University Lecturer Program CSPG Rocks! DVD Series Student eMembership Custom Sponsorship Honorary Address General Corporate Sponsorship

A special thank you to Schlumberger Canada for being a continuous sponsor of the CSPG for the past 50 years. Schlumberger Canada will be honored at the April 26 Technical Luncheon, for tickets please visit www.cspg.org

Thank you to our current corporate sponsors: AAPG; AGAT Laboratories; Apache Canada Ltd.; APEGGA; ARC Financial Corporation; Ayrton Consulting Exploration Ltd.; Baker Atlas; Blueback Reservoir; Boyd Petrosearch; Canada Brokerlink; Canadian Natural Resources Ltd.;Casey & Associates; Cenovus Energy Inc.; CGGVeritas; Colorado School of Mines; ConocoPhillips Canada Ltd.; Devon Canada Corporation; Divestco Inc.; Encana; Enerplus Resources Fund; Fugro Airborne Surveys Corp.; Fugro-Jason; Geoedges Inc.; geoLOGIC systems ltd.; Geomodeling Technology Corp.; Geostrata Resources Inc.; Halliburton Energy Services; Hunt Oil Company of Canada; Husky Energy Inc.; IHS; Imperial Oil Resources; Lario Oil and Gas Company; Little Rock Document Services; Loring Tarcore Labs Ltd.; MJ Systems; Murphy Oil Company; Neuralog; Nexen Inc.; Penn West Energy Trust; Petrocraft Products Ltd.; Pluspetrol; Provident Energy Ltd.; RPS Energy; Schlumberger Canada Ltd.; Sensor Geophysical Ltd.; Shell Canada; Sproule Associates Ltd.; Suncor Energy Inc.; Talisman Energy; TOTAL E&P Canada Ltd.; Tourmaline Oil Corp.; Tucker Wireline Ltd.; Weatherford Laboratories. GO TAKE A HIKE Natural Bridge, Yoho National Park, BC | By Philip Benham and Yingchun Guan

Trailhead: From Hwy 1 in yoho NP, drive 1.6 km SW of Field townsite and turn west on the Emerald Lake Road. The first outcrops of heavily deformed ϭŬŵ Chancellor occur several hundred metres in on the right. The Natural Bridge parking lot is 1.5 km from the highway. ϭŬŵ Distance: Natural Bridge has a paved viewing trail, no more than 200m return. It provides numerous perspectives of the waterfall. Elevation gain is less than 10m. Other views can be gained upstream from short unmarked, unpaved trails at the parking lot. Careful of traffic if viewing road cuts.

The Chancellor Formation is a thick package of argillaceous limestone, slate, and calcareous shale that spans the Middle and Upper Cambrian. It is the basinal equivalent of the Mount Whyte to Sullivan formations of the Cambrian carbonate platform to the east. The edge of the platform is a high-relief feature known as the Cathedral Escarpment. The Burgess Shale fauna are preserved in proximity to this escarpment. The Chancellor strata were deposited as chaotic slumps, thin-bedded turbidites, and quiet sediment “rain” in deep water. The sediment has subsequently ϮϬϬŵ been metamorphosed to slate, with a cleavage oblique to and obscuring the original bedding. ϮϬϬŵ At the first outcrops on your right, several 100m from the turnoff, you will note the Chancellor Formation is heavily deformed. Look for a series of short, sub-parallel sigmoidal veins filled with white calcite. These “en echelon” fractures filled with cement as the rock was sheared during deformation.

At Natural Bridge viewpoint, the Chancellor strata is deformed into several folds and the bridge itself is comprised of a tight syncline. Natural Bridge was once a waterfall, but over thousands of years, the kickinghorse River exploited structural weaknesses created by the deformation. The force of the water, countless impacts of transported pebbles and repeated seasonal freeze-thaws opened a path along fractures, or perhaps slaty cleavage, in the Chancellor. In the fullness of time, the bridge will erode and collapse, but for now we have a spectacular scene to observe.

If you wander on the rocks upstream of the bridge, you will see the alternating shaly and calcareous layers exhibiting differential erosion. There are also different deformation behaviours in the more carbonate-rich intervals. Look for varying amounts of folding, slaty cleavage, and short-distance slip surfaces. Stay clear of the raging torrents!

Reference: Balkwill, H.R., Price, R.A., Cook, D.G. and Mountjoy, E.W. 1979. GSC Map 1496A. (Terrain map from http://maps.google.com).

The Reservoir Committee welcomes contributions from our readership to this series. If you wish to offer a submission to Go Take a Hike on your favourite hike of geological interest, email the Reservoir at [email protected] for more information. Arts. Astrid by

Above: downstream view of Natural Bridge with Mt Stephen in Photo background. Right: detail of deformation in carbonate rich (brown) and argillaceous strata (dark grey) of Chancellor. Through-going short offsets illustrated with arrows. Background

42 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 Dƚ^ƚĞƉŚĞŶ

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Thin-bedded “basinal” turbidites of the Chancellor are obvious in this roadside exposure. Mt. Stephen in background contains the thick platform carbonates of the Cathedral (CA) and Eldon (EL) sandwiching the thin “Stephen Shale” (SS). The Cathedral escarpment lays between the two locations.

.

Tightly folded Cathedral strata running perpendicular to the flow of the Kickinghorse River. Arrows mark the axis of the syncline, bedding surface marked with white line.

. Below Left: Close-up of Natural Bridge and churning waters of the Kickinghorse River. The linear and parallel nature of the erosional niches (marked by white lines) suggest that a structural influence such as minor offsets in the tight fold, has created zones of weakness.

Above Right: The plunge zone for waters passing under the bridge. Cathedral strata is upright here, note the differential erosion of carbonate and argillaceous beds.

Below Right: Close-up of calcite-filled fracture systems in zones where the Cathedral strata has undergone ductile shear. These outcrops exhibit en echelon fracture systems and more complex patterns where the deformation is more intense. In some cases (circled) en echelon fracture systems have been completely sheared through, offset, and the slip surface infilled by calcite. Arts. Astrid by Photo Background

RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 43 ROCK SHOP

section township

1413 15 yevrus 16 nip 34333231 35 36 recovery 2011 TECHNICAL PROGRAM

101112 9 2627282930 25 Strip Log Log Manager Jocelyn Lampron, P. Geol. 765 8 2322212019 24 President & CEO HorizontalCD Log Log Viewer 234 BA 18 17 16 15 14 13 Concurrent Concurrent Concurrent Concurrent Wellsite Geological Supervision ph: 403.266.3132 lsdMud Log Log Analysis *Conventional Wells-Heavy Oil/SAGD cell: 403.818.8549 CD 1110987 12 Session 1 Session 2 Session 3 Session 4 N *Coal Bed Methane Wells www.hopewellpetroleum.com BA CD 23456 BA *Domestic & International Supervision [email protected] Suite 102, 7370 Sierra Morena Blvd SW, Calgary, AB T3H 4H9 MONDAY AM *On & Offshore Geological Supervision 906, 505 6 St. SW Calgary, AB T2P-1X5 [email protected] 1-800-447-1534 (403) 237-9189 MONDAY PM

TUESDAY AM

TUESDAY PM Conventional Wells • Horizontal Wells - Spearfish - Viking - Bakken - Cardium WEDNESDAY AM Email: [email protected] - Horn River Shale Gas www.serpaconsulting.com

WEDNESDAY PM

RockWell Consulting FARHAT HYDERI, P.Geol President SPECIALIZED IN GEOLOGICAL WELLSITE SUPERVISION 226 Copperfield Blvd. S.E. AND CORE ANALYSIS Calgary, AB T2Z 4R6 petrographical & sedimentological descriptions for samples Tel 403 726 0666 (thin section - fluid inclusion studies) SABLE PETROLEUM Fax 403 451 5380 Energy. Environment. Economy. conventional vertical/horizontal wells CONSULTANTS INC. operations geology Cell 403 819 2516 [email protected] WELLSITE GEOLOGICAL SUPERVISION our best friend and most valuable partner is our client SABLECONSULTANTS.COM Stephan C. Dragomir president Conventional Wells Heavy Oil/Oil Sands SAGD Horizontal www.geok2.com - phone: 403.831.9941 - [email protected] Coring Programs Coal Bed Methane Project Supervision

Reach more than 3000 petroleum professionals who are empowered to purchase your product or service. Reservoir CharacterizationDoug Dauphinee, B.Sc. (Geol) ADVERTISE IN THE Expertise in heavy oil & deep basin reservoirs 226 Copperfield Blvd. S.E. AVO / LMR Analysis • Neural NetworkCalgary, ABAnalysis T2Z 4R6 PP & PS Registration • Joint PP & PS Inversion RESERVOIR Tel 403 726 0666 SABLE PETROLEUM Fracture Detection Analysis usingFax Azimuthal 403 451 5380AVO CONSULTANTS INC. Please call: Cell 403 815 0159 Spectral Decomposition • Time Lapse Analysis Caitlin Young [email protected] WELLSITE GEOLOGICAL Tel:403.513.1227 SUPERVISION Penny Colton P.Geoph., P.G., ReservoirSABLECONSULTANTS.COM Geophysics Email: [email protected] Direct: 403-260-6588 Main: 403-237-7711 www.sensorgeo.com Conventional Wells Heavy Oil/Oil Sands SAGD Horizontal Coring Programs Coal Bed Methane Project Supervision recovery 2011 www.geoconvention.com recovery 2011 TECHNICAL PROGRAM

Concurrent Concurrent Concurrent Concurrent TECHNICAL PROGRAM Session 1 Session 2 Session 3 Session 4 MONDAY AM Horn River McMurray CCS Time Lapse MONDAY PM Horn River McMurray Water Near Surface Geophysics and Electromagnetics TUESDAY AM Horn River Economic Conventional Imaging and Recovery Western Canada Fracture Analysis TUESDAY PM Horn River Economic Tight Oil Grand Rapids/ Recovery Clearwater/ Carbonates WEDNESDAY AM Horn River Eastern Canada Tight Oil International Unconventional Conventional and Conventional WEDNESDAY PM Basin Analysis International Tight Oil Carbonate and Sequence Shale Gas Sedimentology Strat

Energy. Environment. Economy. May 9 – 13, 2011

Never before has there been so much to offer from the Technical Program! With the recession years of 2008 and 2009 in the rearview mirror and the turn-around year of 2010 just ending, the upcoming 2011 season is poised to see continued recovery in exploration, drilling activity, production, and finances of most companies in both conventional oil and gas plays, unconventional tight sandstone oil and gas, shale oil and gas, heavy oil, and oilsands. All this “re-born” activity will continue to see companies involved in a large number of plays in Canada and internationally.

FOR A MORE DETAILED LISITING OF SPEAKERS AND TALK TITLES, PLEASE VISIT WWW.GEOCONVENTION.COM/CONFERENCE/TECHNICAL-PROGRAM

May 9 - 13, 2011 recovery 2011 Calgary TELUS Convention Centre RESERVOIRwww.geoconvention.com ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 45 CORE CONFERENCE

Format: Concurrent Concurrent Concurrent Concurrent Session 5 Session 6 Session 7 Session 8 MONDAY AM Clastic Microseismic Advances in Seismic Sedimentology Processing Geosciences Acquisition TECHNICAL PROGRAM

MONDAY PM Clastic Microseismic Advances in TECHNICAL PROGRAM Sedimentology Processing Geosciences TUESDAY AM Caprock Integrity Arctic Seismic Reservoir Processing 1 Characterization TUESDAY PM Montney Arctic Seismic Reservoir

Processing 2 Characterization Additional Information: CORE CONFERENCE WEDNESDAY AM Montney Microseismic Seismic Geomodelling Processing 3 WEDNESDAY PM Montney Microseismic Seismic Geohazard Processing 4 Detection and Unplanned Challenges

As of March 7, 2011. Subject to change.

Thursday and Friday, May 12 and 13

The recovery 2011 technical program is designed to have a number of discussions on the several types of plays by introducing integrated sessions that allow the analysis of each play from the exploration phase to drilling, reservoir characterization, and field development. Each integrated session will deal with how seismic and non-seismic geophysics allows the mapping of the play; how geology is used to map, model, and exploit the resource; how petrophysical log and core analysis help determine producibility and deliverability of each zone; and how reservoir engineers make performance predictions. There will be talks on energy, environment, and economic recovery.

FOR A MORE DETAILED LISITING OF SPEAKERS AND TALK TITLES, PLEASE VISIT WWW.GEOCONVENTION.COM/CONFERENCE/TECHNICAL-PROGRAM

May 9 - 13, 2011 recovery 2011 May 9 - 13, 2011 46Calgary RESERVOIR TELUS ConventionISSUE 5 • MAY Centre 2011 www.geoconvention.com Calgary TELUS Convention Centre CORE CONFERENCE Sponsored by

This year, the Core Conference is entitled ‘Back to the Rocks’. Format: Concurrent Concurrent Concurrent Concurrent Submit your abstract for consideration. Core on table with posters behind on the board Session 5 Session 6 Session 7 Session 8 Dates: Thursday, May 12, 2011 8:00 AM - 4:00 PM Scheduled PowerPoint presentation in the lecture room MONDAY AM Friday, May 13, 2011 8:00 AM - 3:00 PM and meet with people at the core table (presentations) Extended abstracts (4 pages) for the Core Conference Core Meltdown 3:00 PM - 7:00PM Booklet

Location: ERCB Core Research Facility

MONDAY PM TECHNICAL PROGRAM Please contact one of the session chairs for more clarification or

3545 Research Way N.W. Calgary if you need assistance. CORE CONFERENCE

Cost: Attendance to the core conference is included with Rudy Strobl Khalis Ahmed Arman Sunaryo TUESDAY AM Statoil Canada Ltd Norwest Corporation Statoil Canada Ltd. your convention registration. If you wish to only P: 403-513-1159 P: 403-399-5271 P: 403-206-1685 attend the core conference, the registration fee is [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] TUESDAY PM $125.00. Tickets to the annual Core Meltdown are $15.00 and Additional Information: CORE CONFERENCE can be purchased when you register to attend. WEDNESDAY AM Please note that public parking at the ERCB is extremely limited This two-day core conference will be held at the ERCB Core and pay-only. Public transit is affordable and quick, and the walk Research Centre, the world’s largest and most functional from the Brentwood C-Train station will take approximately facility of its kind. The core conference will showcase up to 20 eight minutes. Walking directions are below: WEDNESDAY PM integrated core and poster displays and will be focused on: conventional hydrocarbon systems Head northwest towards 33rd St. unconventional hydrocarbon systems, including shale gas Slight left at Research Road NW and oil sands Turn left at 33rd St. NW environmental special session: aquifer protection, water Turn right at Research Way NW source, and disposal

As in the past, the core conference will continue to include Sponsored by displays ranging from conventional to unconventional Thursday and Friday, May 12 and 13 ERCB Core Research Centre exploration, updating and presenting new insights into 11:30 AM – 1:00 PM understanding the rocks. In keeping with environmental awareness and sustainable growth, water source, disposal, and Take a break from the Core Conference and enjoy a BBQ lunch aquifer protection will be offered as part of a special session. at the tents behind the ERCB Core Research Centre. This lunch The popular Core Meltdown provides the opportunity to meet is free to attend with your core conference registration. up and network with your colleagues and friends.

May 9 - 13, 2011 MayMay 99 -- 13,13, 20112011 Calgary TELUS Convention Centre CalgaryCalgary TELUSTELUS ConventionConvention CentreCentre RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 47 Exhibit Floor Plan Exhibitor Listings

Company Name Booth Number Company Name Booth Number change. to Subject 2011. 7, March of As EXHIBITORS EXHIBITORS As of March 7, 2011. Subject to change.

recoveryrecovery 20112011 May 9 - 13, 2011 48 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 www.geoconvention.comwww.geoconvention.com Calgary TELUS Convention Centre Exhibit Floor Plan Exhibitor Listings

Company Name Booth Number Company Name Booth Number Aarhus Geophysics APS (www.aarhusgeo.com) 647 Manitoba Innovation, Energy and Mines, Mineral Resources Division acQuire (www.aquire.com.au) 611 (www.manitoba.ca/minerals) 816 AGAT Laboratories (www.agatlabs.com) 527 Maxxam Analytics (www.maxxam.ca) 344 Alberta Geological Survey (www.ags.gov.ab.ca) 546 MEG Energy (www.megenergy.com)* ALT - Advanced Logic Technology (www.alt.lu) 630 MicroSeismic Inc. (www.microseismic.com) 205 American Association of Petroleum Geologists (www.aapg.org) 642 Mitcham Industries Inc. (www.mitchamindustries.com) 618 Apache (www.apachecorp.com)* MJ Systems (www.mjlogs.com) 521 Apoterra Seismic Processing Ltd. (www.apoterra.com) 311 Neuralog (www.neuralog.com) 531 Associated Geosciences 447 Newfoundland and Labrador (www.gov.nl.ca/nr) 633 Association of Professional Engineers, Geologists and Nikon Canada Inc. – Instrument Division (www.nikoninstruments.com) 404 Geophysicists of Alberta, The (www.apegga.org) 645 Northwest Territories Geoscience Office (www.nwtgeoscience.ca) 820 Associated Geosciences Ltd. (www.associatedgeosciences.ca) Norwest Corporation (www.norwestcorp.com) 802 Baker Hughes (www.bakerhughes.com) 325 Oce-Canada Inc. (www.en.oce.ca) 338 Beicip Inc. (www.beicip.com) 505 Olympic Seismic Ltd. (www.olysei.com) 439 Bella Vista Properties Ltd. (www.bellavistaltd.com) 810 Olympus Canada Inc. (www.olympuscanada.com) 544 Blueback Reservoir (www.blueback-reservoir.com) 204 Ontario Oil, Gas & Salt Resource Library (www.ogsrlibrary.com) 644 Burgess Shale Geoscience Foundation, The (www.burgess-shale.bc.ca)* Ontario Geological Survey (www.mndmf.gov.on.ca/mines/ogs) 646 Calgary Rock & Materials Services Inc. (www.calgaryrock.ca) 712 OYO Geo Space Canada Ltd. (www.oyogeospace.com) 425 Canadian Discovery Ltd. (www.canadiandiscovery.com) 808 Packer’s Plus Energy Services Inc. (www.packersplus.com) 706 Canadian Society for Unconventional Gas (www.csug.ca)* Paradigm (www.pdgm.com) 431 Canmore Museum and Geoscience Centre (www.cmags.org)* Parks Canada (www.pc.gc.ca/yoho) * Canadian Stratigraphic Services (2000) Ltd. (www.canstrat.com) 311 Pason Systems Corp. (www.pason.com) 406 Canadian Space Agency (www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/default.asp)* PDAC Mining Matters (www.pdac.ca/miningmatters)* CGGVeritas (www.cggveritas.com) 316 Petrocraft Products Inc. (www.petrocraft.ab.ca) 545 Collaborgate Computing Solutions (www.collaborgate.ca) 433 Petro-Explorers Inc. (www.petroexplorers.com) 629 EXHIBITORS Continental Laboratories (www.continental-labs.ab.ca) 145 Petrosys Canada Inc. (www.petrosys.com.au) 539 Core Laboratories Canada Ltd. (www.corelab.com) 517 Pinnacle – a Halliburton Company (www.pinntech.com) 609 CREWES, University of Calgary (www.crewes.org) 104 Pro Geo Consultants (www.progeoconsultants.com) 239 Crowsnest Pass Ecomuseum Trust Society, Quality Microscopes Ltd. (www.doughayden.ca) 806 Bellevue Underground Mine (www.bellevueundergroundmine.org)* Roxar (www.roxar.com) 140 CSEG Foundation (www.cseg.ca)* Royal Astronomical Society of Canada (www.calgary.rasc.ca) * Datacon Core Imaging (www.dataconimaging.com) 547 RPS Energy (www.rpsgroup.com) 111 Devon Canada (www.devonenergy.com)* SAIT Polytechnic (www.sait.ca) 606 dGB Earth Sciences (www.dgbes.com) 627 Sample Pro Ltd. (www.samplepro.ca) 244 EXHIBITORS Divestco (www.divestco.com) 139 Saskatchewan Ministry of Energy and Resources (www.er.gov.sk.ca) 814 Earth Sciences Museum, University of Waterloo Saudi Aramco (www.aramco.jobs/google) 405 (www.earth.uwaterloo.ca/outreach/museum)* Schlumberger (www.slb.com) 132 Encana (www.encana.com)* SDI (System Development Inc.) (www.sdicgm.com) 524 ESG Solutions (www.esgsolutions.com) 417 Seismic Micro-Technology (www.seismicmirco.com) 345 FairfieldNodal (www.fairfieldnodal.com) 126 SeisWare International Inc. (www.seisware.com) 411 Fugro Group of Companies (www.fugro.com) 123 Sigma Explorations Inc. (www.sigmaex.com) 311 GEDCO (www.gedco.com) 211 SGS Canada Inc. (www.sgs.com) 130 GeoEdges Inc. (www.geoedges.com) 147 Society of Exploration Geophysicists (www.seg.org) 643 geoLOGIC systems ltd. (www.geologic.com) 117 TECTERRA Inc. (www.tecterra.com) 704 Geomodeling Technology Corp. (www.geomodeling.com) 601 Terraplus Inc. (www.terraplus.ca) 632 Geosocket Information Inc. (www.geosocket.com) 620 TETRALE Inc. (www.tesseral-geo.com) 434 Geostation Corporation (www.geostation.com) 445 TGS (www.tgsnopec.com) 543 Geotech Ltd. (www.geotech.ca) 622 Total Gas Detection Ltd. (www.totalgas.ca) 702 Gore (www.gore.com) 241 Transform Software & Services Inc. (www.transformsw.com) 612 Government of Alberta, Alberta Environment (www.environment.gov.ab.ca) * Trivision Geosystems Ltd. (www.powerlogger.com) 710 Government of Nunavut (www.gov.nv.ca) 812 University of Calgary, Department of Geoscience Green Imaging Technologies (www.greenimaging.com) 246 (www.ucalgary.ca/geoscience)* Green’s Rock and Lapidary Ltd. (www.greenslapidary.com) 307 Weatherford Canada (www.weatherford.com) 112 Geological Rentals & Services Inc. (www.grsi.ca) 700 Wellsight Systems Inc. (www.wellsight.com) 804 Horizontal Solutions Intl. (www.horizontalsi.com) 346 Yukon Government - Oil & Gas Resources (www.yukonoilandgas.com) 818 Hydrocarbon Data System (www.hds-log.com) 144 IHS (www.ihs.com) 332 Please visit the following booths located outside of the MacLeod Halls: IKON Science Ltd. (www.ikonscience.com) 245 American Geological Institute (www.agiweb.org) Ingrain (www.ingrainrocks.com) 800 Canadian Federation of Earth Sciences (www.geoscience.ca) INOVA Geophysical (www.inovageo.com) 339 Canadian Society of Exploration Geophysicists (www.cseg.org) Ion Geophysical Corporation (www.iongeo.com) 507 Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists (www.cspg.org) iSys - The Imaging Systems Group Inc. (www.isys-group.com) 105 Canadian Well Logging Society (www.cwls.org) Komarevich Originals Ltd. (www.komarevichoriginals.com) 623 Little Rock Document Service Ltd. (www.littlerock.ca) 305 *denotes Earth Science for Society (ESfS) exhibitor LMKR GeoGraphix (www.geographix.com) 714

As of March 7, 2011. Subject to change. recovery 2011 MayMay 9 9 - - 13, 13, 2011 2011 www.geoconvention.com CalgaryCalgary TELUS TELUS Convention Convention Centre Centre RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 49 Special Events

Monday Night Icebreaker Core Meltdown Sponsored by Monday, May 9, 2011 Friday, May 13, 2011 Calgary TELUS Convention Center – Exhibit Hall Tents at the Geological Survey of 4:00 PM – 6:00 PM Canada Parking Lot 3:00 PM – 7:00 PM Free to attend with your convention or exhibition badge Celebrate the close of another successful convention at the Join us for the Monday Night Icebreaker on the exhibition floor. popular Core Meltdown event. Join the Convention Organizing Mingle with convention delegates, exhibitors, visitors, and Committee, fellow delegates, and exhibitors for some food, potential clients! Additional tickets are available for purchase drinks, and fun. when you register to attend. Tickets are $15.00 each

Monday Night After-Party For more information about the Core Conference and the Monday, May 9, 2011 ERCB and GSC, please visit www.geoconvention.com Centini Restaurant and Lounge 6:00 PM – 8:00 PM Earth Science for Society Purchase your ticket to this year’s convention after-party. Sunday May 8 – Tuesday May 10, 2011 Continue mingling with delegates, exhibitors, and potential Calgary TELUS Convention Centre (MacLeod E1-E4) clients while enjoying a beverage and snacks. This event will Visit interactive hands-on exhibits at four pavilions, each with a sell-out, so ensure you purchase your ticket when you register different focus on Earth Science: Resources and You, Energy to attend. for Us, One Dynamic Earth, and Our Future! Tickets are $15.00 each Earth Science for Society Exhibition is open to the public. Admission is FREE.

Tuesday Night Networking Reception Over 2,400 students will have the opportunity to spend about Tuesday, May 10, 2011 90 minutes on the exhibition floor to visit each of the pavilions. Hyatt Regency Imperial Ballroom 5:00 PM – 8:00 PM Earth Science for Society is the public outreach program of the annual CSEG, CSPG, and CWLS geoscience convention, Enjoy some food, drinks, and entertainment at this year’s recovery 2011. For more information, please visit www. networking reception taking place at the Hyatt Regency Hotel geoconvention.com/earth-science-for-society in Calgary. Give your support to charity and participate in this

SPECIAL EVENTS year’s silent auction in support of Light Up the World, and possibly walk away with some amazing items!

The reception is free to attend with your delegate or exhibitor Additional tickets for all special events can be badge. Additional tickets are available for purchase when you purchased when you register to attend online. register to attend.

recovery 2011 50 RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 www.geoconvention.com 1 st ANNUAL SUMMER EDUCATION CONFERENCE FORT WORTH, TX • JUNE 6-10, 2011 Five Great Days of the Finest Geoscience Training for One Low Price Courses include: ❍ Fundamentals of Petroleum Geoscience—Bend Hosted by the ❍ Fundamentals of Siliciclastic Sequence Norris Conference Center: Stratigraphy—Holbrook 304 Houston St. ❍ Getting Started in Fluvial Stratigraphy—Holbrook Ft. Worth, TX 76102 ❍ Creativity in Petroleum Exploration—Beaumont & Strickland Phone: 817-289-2400 ❍ Using Well Log Analysis for Reservoir Volumetrics—Erickson Fax: 817-289-2411 ❍ Practical Oil-field Development: Important Applications of Special AAPG group rates at nearby hotels. Geol. & Petrol. Engineering—Erickson ❑ Computer Mapping for Petroleum Exploration—Leetaru Registration and ❑ Hydraulic Fracturing for Geologists—LaFollette information: ❑ Reservoir Engineering for Petroleum Geologists—Green Toll-free (U.S. and Canada) ◆ Applied Seismic Geomorphology & Seismic 888-338-3387, or 918-560-2650 Stratigraphy—Posamentier Fax: 918-560-2678 ◆ Seismic Amplitude Interpretation—Hilterman E-mail: [email protected] ◆ Understanding Seismic Anisotropy—Thomsen Download a registration form at:

❍ Basic Level Courses www.aapg.org/education/sec.cfm ❑ Intermediate Level Courses ◆ Advanced Level Courses Price through Price increase Tuition for the week: 5/9/2011 after 5/9/2011 (Four concurrent sessions each day – mix and match according to your interests and training needs. AAPG Members...... $1695 $1795 Buffet Lunch and refreshments included each day.) Non Members...... $1795 $1895 Individual Courses ...... $450/day $500/day (Your five-day badge can be transferred to a friend SIGN UP NOW! or colleague if you can't attend all five days.) BY BECOMING AN AAPG MEMBER SAVE $200 AND REGISTERING BEFORE MAY 9TH Earth Science for Society REGISTER NOW

Geo-Fun for the whole family at recovery 2011 By Mike B. Rogers

Have you ever been asked by your family “Mom (or Dad), what do you do all day”? New

Well this year, at the annual convention, you can bring them down to the TELUS Convention Centre and show them a bit of the excitement of being an earth scientist. Looking for an exhibition pass? Earth Science for Society (ESfS) is a vibrant showcase of the earth sciences with hands-on activities and dynamic demonstrations for people of all ages and interests. It was such a huge success in 2010 that it will be held again this year, as part of the convention recovery 2011. Admission is FREE to this dynamic and interactive geosciences exhibition. It will be open to the public on Sunday, May 8th from 12-5 pm and also on Monday and Tuesday, May 9th and 10th, from 9-3:30.

As the Sunday is Mother’s Day, we will be featuring complimentary giveaways, including a crave cupcake coupon for the first 100 moms, family day passes to the Tyrell Museum, dinner, and a musical theatre package. Just looking to attend the Core Conference? Highlights this year include a gold-panning adventure with “Yukon Dan,” and “The Great Trilobite Hunt” presented by the Burgess Shale Geoscience Foundation and Parks Canada.

The objective of Earth Science for Society is to have interactive and dynamic exhibits to show students and the general public how earth science impacts our daily lives. Again, we will be hosting 2,000 junior high school students to give them a rare opportunity to learn how earth science plays a critical role in our society and to make the connection between their everyday belongings and responsible development of our country’s rich natural resources. They will also gain a new appreciation for how earth science integrates many sciences, and may even be inspired to pursue a career in the geosciences.

ESfS has dedicated floor space for its exhibits and the students can visit every display. The students will be escorted by volunteer geoscience guides, who will have the opportunity to pass on their enthusiasm for our discipline and its invaluable SPECIAL EVENTS contribution to society. If you are interested in being a volunteer guide, please email

[email protected]. SPECIAL EVENTS

Please join us Sunday, May 8th from 12-5 pm for a fun, interesting, and educational outing to explore the earth sciences and pass the word around. Admission is FREE to this family-friendly event and people of all ages and interests will be intrigued by the ways they use our Earth’s natural resources.

For more information, please visit http://www.geoconvention.com/earth-science-for- society or email [email protected] REGISTRATION

May 9 - 13, 2011 recovery 2011 May 9 - 13, 2011 52Calgary RESERVOIR TELUS Convention ISSUE 5 • MAY Centre 2011 www.geoconvention.com Calgary TELUS Convention Centre Earth Science for Society REGISTER NOW Sponsored by

Geo-Fun for the whole family at recovery 2011 Registration for recovery 2011 is now open. Please visit www.geoconvention.com to purchase your convention registration and special event tickets.

Renew your Society Membership and register to attend short courses and field seminars when you register to attend the convention this year! New

Looking for an exhibition pass?

Register to attend the convention, and your exhibition pass is included.

If you are an oil-and-gas-industry professional, you qualify to attend the exhibition. If you aren’t attending the convention but would still like to walk the exhibition floor, please register online before May 8, 2011 for a free exhibition pass ($75.00 value). Register online at www.geoconvention.com/registration and select ‘DAY PASS’ option when you get to step 2 of the online registration.

Not sure if you qualify? Please contact [email protected] for more information about qualifying to attend the exhibition.

Just looking to attend the Core Conference?

Register to attend the Core Conference on May 12 and 13, 2011 at the ERCB Core Research Centre at www.geoconvention.com. Your registration includes admission to the core conference (including presentations) and access to the BBQ lunch held on both days. You must purchase an additional ticket for the Annual Core Meltdown on Friday the 13th.

Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, May 9 May 10 May 11 May 12 May 13

Morning Technical Technical Technical Core Core Sessions Sessions Sessions Conference Conference Presentations Presentations Poster Poster Poster Sessions Sessions Sessions

Exhibition Exhibition Opens Opens

Mid-day Luncheon Networking Luncheon BBQ Lunch BBQ Lunch Luncheon SPECIAL EVENTS REGISTRATION Afternoon Exhibition Exhibition Exhibition Core Meltdown Opens Closes Closes

Monday Night Tuesday Night Icebreaker Networking Reception Evening Monday Night REGISTRATION After-Party

May 9 - 13, 2011 MayMay 99 -- 13,13, 20112011 Calgary TELUS Convention Centre CalgaryCalgary TELUSTELUS ConventionConvention CentreCentre RESERVOIR ISSUE 5 • MAY 2011 53 Since 1927... CANADIAN SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS Call for Nominations 2012 Executive Committee

in accordance with Article vi, subparagraph the nominee is willing to stand for (a) of the By-Laws 2003, the nominating the office of choice and send to cspg committee hereby calls for nominations office to the attention of the past to stand for election to the 2012 executive president. candidates nominated in committee of the canadian society of this fashion will be considered by the petroleum geologists. nominations committee. CORPORATE Investing MEMBERS nominations can be made in two ways: the canadian society of petroleum geologists asks for your assistance in filling ApAche cAnAdA Ltd. 1. n formal ominations are to be made the following positions: vice president, BAker AtLAs in writing, signed by at least twenty- communications director, Assistant cAnAdiAn nAturAL resources Ltd five members in good standing and director of finance, Assistant services cAsey & AssociAtes endorsed by the nominee who is director, Assistant program director, and consenting to stand for office. Assistant outreach director. in the conocophiLLips cAnAdA Limited Future Qualified candidates will be published devon cAnAdA corporAtion on the cspg website and the election interested parties should contact the At APEGGA we like to make science fun! We also hope to attract the best and brightest enerpLus corporAtion will take place on January 10th, 2012 office for details and general requirements students to careers in geoscience. And we remain committed to building strong relationships geoLogic systems Ltd. at the Agm. of service on the executive. call for nominations closes september 15th, 2012. with the geoscience community. Put that all together and you get an active geoscience geostrAtA resources inc. 2. informal nominations can be made via outreach and sponsorship program. hunt oiL compAny of cAnAdA email or letter; please confirm that husky energy inc. In fact, every year APEGGA provides in-kind donations and thousands of dollars to multiple ihs groups as a sponsor of organizations and events including: Alberta Science Literacy Society, imperiAL oiL resources Alberta Women’s Science Network, Burgess Shale Foundation, Canmore Museum and LittLe rock document systems TM Geoscience Centre, Doodle Train, Earth Sciences for Society, Geophysics Undergraduate mJ systems Xworks Student Society, Geoscience Day, Honorary Address, P.S. Warren Undergraduate geoservices inc. murphy oiL compAny Geological Society, PTAC Spring Water Forum, Rock ‘N’ Fossil Clinics, Rundle Group of nexen inc. comprehensive domestic and international geophysical workstation support specialists Geology, Science Alberta Foundation, Seismic in Motion, Stones and Bones Summer penn West petroLeum Ltd. Xworks TM - practices the highest level of client data con dentiality Camp, TELUS World of Science Calgary and Edmonton and W.C. Gussow Geoscience petrocrAft products Ltd. Seismic Data Room Rental Service (two secure private data rooms) Conference as well as multiple science olympics and science fairs. pLuspetroL s.A Divestiture Seismic Data Room Support (four portable workstations) That’s because, like you, we see sponsoring geoscience outreach organizations and events rps energy cAnAdA Ltd. Seismic Project Conversions (between interpretation software) as an investment in future human capital and an important opportunity to raise awareness of sheLL cAnAdA Limited Seismic Data Loading Service the wealth generation and quality of life made possible by geoscientists right here in Alberta. sprouLe AssociAtes Limited Synthetic and 2D Model Generation stAtoiL cAnAdA Ltd. Georeference Service (Coordinate Transformation of Raster Images) By working with Alberta’s geoscience community, we help to ensure that today’s students suncor energy inc. Geographic Coordinate Conversion Service become tomorrow’s geoscience leaders. tALismAn energy inc. Well Location Plat Generation totAL e&p cAnAdA Ltd. Seismic Data Management Service Investing in the Future: Visit www.apegga.org for more information or call Tom Sneddon, P.Geol., tourmALine oiL corp. Professional Montage Display Geoscience Affairs Manager at 403-262-7714 or 1-800-661-7020. AS OF APRIL 10, 2011 can provide - Well Spots, Formation Tops and Directional Surveys, CSPG welcomes our 2011 Corporate Members! Well Log Curves, Grid and Culture Overlays The benefits of being a corporate member include:

• Recognition in the monthly Reservoir and TM works quarterly Bulletin X - has available the following licensed software • One associate membership SeisWare, Kingdom, WinPICS, SeisX, VisualVoxAT, GeoSyn • Reserved tables at the technical luncheons with your company logo • One free pass to the CSPG Core Conference Suite 500, 816 - 7th Avenue SW Calgary, AB T2P 1A1 403 777-0008 www.xworksgeo.com …and more! Contact Kasandra Klein at Kasandra. [email protected] to be a corporate member today!

54 RESERVOIR ISSUE 45 • APRILMAY 2011 2011 Investing in the Future At APEGGA we like to make science fun! We also hope to attract the best and brightest students to careers in geoscience. And we remain committed to building strong relationships with the geoscience community. Put that all together and you get an active geoscience outreach and sponsorship program. In fact, every year APEGGA provides in-kind donations and thousands of dollars to multiple groups as a sponsor of organizations and events including: Alberta Science Literacy Society, Alberta Women’s Science Network, Burgess Shale Foundation, Canmore Museum and Geoscience Centre, Doodle Train, Earth Sciences for Society, Geophysics Undergraduate Student Society, Geoscience Day, Honorary Address, P.S. Warren Undergraduate Geological Society, PTAC Spring Water Forum, Rock ‘N’ Fossil Clinics, Rundle Group of Geology, Science Alberta Foundation, Seismic in Motion, Stones and Bones Summer Camp, TELUS World of Science Calgary and Edmonton and W.C. Gussow Geoscience Conference as well as multiple science olympics and science fairs. That’s because, like you, we see sponsoring geoscience outreach organizations and events as an investment in future human capital and an important opportunity to raise awareness of the wealth generation and quality of life made possible by geoscientists right here in Alberta. By working with Alberta’s geoscience community, we help to ensure that today’s students become tomorrow’s geoscience leaders.

Investing in the Future: Visit www.apegga.org for more information or call Tom Sneddon, P.Geol., Geoscience Affairs Manager at 403-262-7714 or 1-800-661-7020. FORMATION EVALUATION

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