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Liste 2020 Des Oiseaux De Guyane

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Liste 2020 Des Oiseaux De Guyane CHG - Liste des oiseaux de Guyane – mars 2020 Liste des Oiseaux de Guyane - version mars 2020 Introduction Depuis 2005, la liste des oiseaux de Guyane est mise à jour annuellement par le Comité d’Homologation de Guyane, à partir des observations documentées signalées sur Faune-Guyane (www.faune-guyane.fr) ou des fiches descriptives soumises par les observateurs. Le CHG statue en toute indépendance et impartialité sur la fiabilité de ces données et est seul habilité à décider de l’ajout ou du retrait d’une espèce à la liste. Ces ajouts deviennent effectifs à la diffusion annuelle de la liste des oiseaux de Guyane. Le CHG présente ici la liste 2020 des oiseaux de Guyane. Cette liste donne pour chaque espèce : - la catégorie à laquelle elle appartient ; - l'ordre, la famille et les noms français, scientifique et anglais ; - les synonymes sous lesquels elle a été signalée dans des ouvrages de référence ou dans les versions précédentes de la liste ; - les sous-espèces rencontrées en Guyane ; - son statut régional de conservation, d’après la Liste rouge des oiseaux menacés de Guyane (MNHN et al. 2018). Les nouveautés par rapport à la version 2019 de la liste sont surlignées en jaune et détaillées ci-dessous. 1°) Nouvelles espèces Deux espèces accidentelles viennent grossir cette année la liste des oiseaux de Guyane : - l'Océanite à ventre noir (Fregetta tropica), pour un individu photographié au large de la Guyane en juin 2018 ; il s'agit de la première donnée pour le plateau des Guyanes ; - le Crabier chevelu (Ardeola ralloides), pour un individu photographié dans les rizières de Mana en avril 2019, première donnée continentale en Amérique du Sud. Ces données ont été homologuées par le CHG et seront détaillées dans le rapport de l’année en question. Elles feront également l'objet de publications dans une revue internationale. A la date du 10 mars 2020, la Guyane compte donc 735 espèces d'oiseaux : - 727 espèces en catégorie A (espèces sauvages, vues depuis 1992) - 6 espèces en catégorie B (espèces sauvages, pas revues depuis 1992) - 2 espèces en catégorie C (espèces introduites ou échappées de captivité, ayant fait souche en Guyane). 2°) Systématique et noms scientifiques Le CHG suit la classification et la nomenclature scientifique et anglaise adoptées par le South American Classification Committee (SACC). La génétique continue de bouleverser la classification traditionnelle en précisant les liens de parentés entre familles, entre genre et entre espèces. Les remaniements qui en découlent ont touché l'année passée des familles diverses, mais les changements qui seront les plus remarqués concernent les colibris et les tyranneaux. i CHG - Liste des oiseaux de Guyane – mars 2020 a) Changements de familles - Trois nouvelles familles sont créées : les Oceanitidae pour certains océanites, les Onychorhynchidae pour le Porte-éventail roi, la Moucherolle rougequeue et la Moucherolle barbichon, les Passerellidés pour les "bruants" américains et le Tohi silencieux. - La position systématique du Piprite verdin (Piprites chloris) a toujours été ambigüe. Jusqu'à présent "Incertae sedis", il se retrouve parmi les Tyrannidae, un placement probablement provisoire. - Par ailleurs, un oubli dans les versions précédentes de notre liste est réparé, concernant l'Araguira gris (Coryphospingus pileatus), désormais placé dans la famille des Thraupidae. b) Changements de genres - Le vaste genre Amazilia étant en réalité composé de lignées bien distinctes, les arianes guyanaises quittent le genre Amazilia et pour se retrouver dans des genres différents : Saucerottia. Chrysuronia, et Chionomesa. Ainsi les deux arianes les plus communes en Guyane l'Ariane vert- doré et l'Ariane de Linné deviennent respectivement Chrysuronia leucogaster et Chionomesa fimbriata. - Le genre Chlorestes (qui inclut le Colibri à menton bleu, Chlorestes notata) s'élargit pour englober le Saphir azuré (Hylocharis cyanus), qui devient donc Chlorestes cyanus. - La Sturnelle militaire (Sturnella militaris) est assez éloignée génétiquement de la Sturnelle des prés (Sturnella magna) pour être placée dans un genre différent, elle redevient donc Leistes militaris. - Le genre Islerothraupis, récemment créé pour le Tangara à huppe ignée et le Tangara à épaulettes blanches, s'avère être synonyme du genre plus ancien Loriotus, qui a donc priorité. Par conséquent ces deux tangaras deviennent respectivement Loriotus cristatus et Loriotus luctuosus. c) Changements de noms spécifiques - Le Canard à bosse (Sarkidiornis melanotos) est séparé de son homologue africain et devient le Canard sylvicole (Sarkidiornis sylvicola). - L'Évêque bleu-noir (Cyanoloxia cyanoides) est divisé en plusieurs espèces ; le taxon guyanais devient Évêque de Rothschild (Cyanoloxia rothschildii). Ces changements de taxonomie s'accompagnent de changements de séquences à tous les niveaux. Outre les trois nouvelles familles citées plus haut, celles des Pipridae (manakins), Cotingidae (cotingas, coracines, etc.), Tityridae (tityres, bécardes, etc.) et des Oxyruncidae (Oxyrhynque huppé) se trouvent déplacées dans la classification, parfois assez loin de leur position initiale. Les justifications pour ces changements sont à lire sur le site internet du SACC : http://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCRecentChanges.htm. 3°) Noms français Deux changements de noms français découlent des changements de systématique. Comme expliqué plus haut : - Le Canard à bosse (Sarkidiornis melanotos) devient le Canard sylvicole (Sarkidiornis sylvicola). - L'Évêque bleu-noir (Cyanoloxia cyanoides) devient l'Évêque de Rothschild (Cyanoloxia rothschildii). D'autre part, le terme "Platyrhynque" est désormais réservé aux "vrais" platyrhynques (genre Platyrinchus), les autres deviennent, par leur position systématique, des tyranneaux : - le Platyrhynque olivâtre (Rhynchocyclus olivaceus) devient le Tyranneau olivâtre ; - le Platyrhynque jaune-olive (Tolmomyias sulphurescens) devient le Tyranneau jaune-olive ; - le Platyrhynque à miroir (Tolmomyias assimilis) devient le Tyranneau à miroir ; - le Platyrhynque poliocéphale (Tolmomyias poliocephalus) devient le Tyranneau poliocéphale ; - le Platyrhynque à poitrine jaune (Tolmomyias flaviventris) devient le Tyranneau à poitrine jaune. Pour des raisons semblables : ii CHG - Liste des oiseaux de Guyane – mars 2020 - le Tyranneau des palétuviers (Sublegatus arenarum) devient la (le) Moucherolle des palétuviers ; - le Tyranneau ombré (Sublegatus obscurior) devient la (le) Moucherolle de Todd. 4°) Espèces soumises à homologation Contrairement à ce qui avait été écrit par erreur en introduction de la liste précédente, 6 espèces n'étaient plus soumises à homologation déjà en 2019 : Ibijau à ailes blanches (Nyctibius leucopterus), Gallinule d'Amérique (Gallinula galeata), Aigrette garzette (Egretta garzetta), Picumne frangé (Picumnus cirratus), Batara demi-deuil (Thamnophilus nigrocinereus), Tyranneau barbu (Polystictus pectoralis). La liste des espèces soumises à homologation reste inchangée en 2020. Ces espèces sont signalées par un astérisque (*) accolé à la catégorie dans la liste des oiseaux de Guyane, et par le pictogramme précédant le nom d'espèce sur Faune-Guyane. Il en va de même de toute espèce nouvelle pour la Guyane. Une fiche type peut être téléchargée sur Faune-Guyane ou sur le site du GEPOG, à renvoyer au secrétariat du CHG dont l’adresse figure plus bas. Les données saisies sur Faune-Guyane sont dispensées de fiche si elles sont accompagnées de photos ou d'enregistrements audio ; le secrétaire du CHG pourra demander des précisions écrites si nécessaire. A défaut de preuve suffisamment explicite, l’envoi au CHG d’une fiche descriptive reste indispensable. Enfin, toute personne possédant ou ayant connaissance de photos ou autres documents relatifs à une espèce rare ou nouvelle pour la Guyane (par exemple sur internet ou sur les réseaux sociaux) est chaleureusement invitée à les signaler au CHG, pour archivage et homologation de la donnée afin d'en tenir compte dans une prochaine édition de la liste. Merci à tous les observateurs. Comité d'homologation de Guyane Secrétaire : Olivier Claessens [email protected] iii Liste des oiseaux de Guyane - version mars 2020 Catégorie A : espèces sauvages vues depuis 1992 Catégorie B : espèces sauvages non revues depuis 1992 (cf. Tostain et al. 1992. Oiseaux de Guyane) Catégorie C : espèces introduites ou échappées de captivité ayant fait souche en Guyane Les espèces dont la catégorie est suivie d’un astérisque * sont soumises à homologation en Guyane. Dans le cas de Numenius phaeopus, seule la sous-espèce eurasienne (phaeopus) est soumise à homologation.
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