THE EXPLORER JOURNAL OF USC STUDENT RESEARCH vol. 5 2012 Recipient of the Meskin Journalism Award research day - february 20, 2013 USC | SRG USC | SRG 2013 The Explorer All views are the authors and do not necessarily represent those of the student body at the Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC nor of the editors of the Explorer Journal, unless such statements have been officially adopted by the University. The Ex- plorer Journal editorial board reserves the right to reduce, revise or reject any material submitted for publication. Articles and photos published in the Explorer Journal are the property of the Explorer Journal and may be reproduced or reprinted only after written permission has been granted. The edi- tors and founder reserve the right to accept, reject, discontinue or edit any article, letter, or abstract submitted for publication. The Explorer Journal is published annually by members of the student body of the Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC. USC | SRG Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC Student Research Group 925 West 34th Street Los Angeles, CA 90089 dentistry.usc.edu THE EXPLORER 2 OSTROW SCHOOL OF DENTISTRY OF USC THE EXPLORER THE EXPLORER 3 USC | SRG THE EXPLORER 4 OSTROW SCHOOL OF DENTISTRY OF USC Dean's Address Dear Students and Colleagues, This research powers the progression of the dentistry field, but it also has another important effect. When Our annual Research Day is always a very exciting dental students, dental hygiene students, and specialty time. Every year, as students and faculty share their residents participate in research, it enriches their edu- scientific work, enjoy eye-opening keynote speakers, cation in a way no other experience can. Conducting and honor the year’s top projects, I find myself think- research can encourage students to better appreciate ing about how bright the future of dentistry is. the role that science plays in their clinical practice and commit to remaining informed about new dental de- Since the Ostrow School of Dentistry’s founding in velopments after they graduate, which in turns means 1897, we have been on the forefront of dental and cra- that their future patients receive the best in evidence- niofacial scientific inquiry, from uncovering the mys- based care. teries of the developing face to creating the technical innovations that become dentistry standards . Each A strong research environment makes for stronger year, our faculty members continue to publish more graduates, no matter what their professional goals are. high-impact, groundbreaking work than ever before, Seeing the wide scope of Ostrow students’ involve- ensuring that our legacy as a scientific powerhouse ment in research assures me that today’s Ostrow stu- continues. The graduate students and postdoctoral dents will go on to lead this profession on both clini- researchers who work with our faculty are provided cal and academic fronts, just as their fellow alumni with the mentorship and opportunities that help them have done for more than a century. become the next generation of great dental and cra- niofacial scientists. Fight On! Avishai Sadan, DMD Dean G. Donald and Marian James Montgomery Professor of Dentistry Ostrow School of Dentistry of USC THETHE EXPLORER EXPLORER 5 5 USC | SRG p.05dean's address Avishai Sadan, DMD in this issue: this in 08 welcome! Yang Chai, DDS, PhD 16 20esthetics in dentistry and early caries prevention Cynthia Young lingual orthodontics Ronald Chung, Joseph Park 22 faculty spotlight: anesthesia in17 dentistry dr. tae kim Andrew Young Shawn Ebrahimpour, Aileen Ngan 18 the importance of 23 dental biomaterials oral healthcare: filling in the gaps Sam Saab, Kenny Smith Isaac Sun, Catherine Tan 26 a message from the chair James Gordon, EdD speaker biographies28 & awards Christopher Fox DMD, DMSc & Dr. Cheryl Mattingly, PhD research day schedule 29February 20, 2013 30 usc | srg Student Research Group The Explorer Journal research day research SRGTHE EXPLORER 6 OSTROW SCHOOL OF DENTISTRY OF USC 12distraction osteogenesis and the acceleratory phenomenon faculty spotlight: Brian Goo, Soo Kyung Lee, and Claire Leewing 14dr. piedad suarez durall Eugenia Chan, Kristine Hong, and Stephanie Ting 13 features benzophenones: novel agents 10 against hiv and candida battling the challenges Robert Berger, Christopher Patuwo, and Nichole Tomblin of periodontology Tiffany Lee, Payal Patel 24 bacterial flora of periradicular lesions Sophia Kang 25div. of occupational science & occupational therapy Spotlight Florence Clark, PhD 52 Occ. Science & Occ. Therapy Student 53 31poster abstracts Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy Student Faculty 59 36 DDS Student - Basic Sciences Advanced Specialty Program Resident 61 41 DDS Student - Clinical Sciences Dental Hygiene 62 42 Other Graduate Post-Doctoral Trainee 51 THE EXPLORER 7 Graduate Pre-Doctoral Candidate USC | SRG WELCOME! Dear Students and Colleagues, niofacial health and well-being. Our Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy as well as Occupational Sci- Welcome to Research Day 2013! This annual event ence and Occupational Therapy programs continue provides an exciting opportunity for all of us to cel- to be national leaders in education and research. We ebrate the research discoveries of our innovative stu- provide students with a strong biomedical foundation dents, staff and faculty. that gives them the tools to tackle important prob- lems affecting oral, dental, craniofacial, and general We at the Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry are systemic health. Furthermore, we strive to translate proud to be part of the University of Southern Cali- our basic discoveries from scientific insights into fornia, an elite institution that places great value on practical health care. Looking towards the future, we excellence in research endeavors and on preparing will continue our quest to provide the best possible students to become leaders in fields such as science research opportunities for our students, and to equip and health care. We are particularly thrilled that the them with the critical thinking skills, clinical training, Ostrow School Student Research Group has been rec- and cutting-edge research experience necessary to ad- ognized for their enthusiastic dedication to this mis- vance the forefront of scientific knowledge and shape sion as well. Their publication, The Explorer, has won the future of health care. two richly-deserved accolades, the 2012 American Association of Dental Editors Lawrence H. Meskin Please join me in congratulating our students and post Student Journalism Award and the 2011 American doctoral fellows on their successes as you explore the Association for Dental Research National Student many excellent research projects being showcased Research Group Best Student Journal Award. during our Research Day. The faculty, staff, and students of the Ostrow School Fight on! are dedicated to the mission of advancing education, scholarship, and patient services in dental and cra- Yang Chai, DDS, PhD Professor George and MaryLou Boone Chair in Craniofacial Molecular Biology Associate Dean of Research Director, Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology Ostrow School of Dentistry of the University of Southern California THETHE EXPLOREREXPLORER 88 OSTROW SCHOOL OF DENTISTRY OF USC THE EXPLORER 9 USC | SRG Battling the Challenges of Periodontology words by tiffany lee and payal patel Alveolar bone regeneration has been a topic also in multiple countries. Figure 1 demon- Dr. Homayoun Zadeh Homayoun Dr. of interest in periodontal research for many strates through micro-CT analysis that the col- years, and there have been multiple forms lagen sponges implanted with BMP-2 specific of treatment developed. Bone grafts have antibody clones did result in de novo bone generally been used in the past, but patients formation. At USC, AMOR has been success- consider them unfavorable because of their fully tested on the cranial bone and tibia of rats invasive nature and long recovery time. The and rabbits. In Asia, it has been tested on non- “Era of Biologics” has introduced the use of human primates and the jaws of dogs. These growth factors (GFs) to regenerate alveolar models have shown efficacy and no contrain- bone. A therapeutic growth factor, approved dications up to this point. However, further an- by the FDA for oral maxillofacial application imal studies are required to ensure the safety in 2007, is recombinant human bone morpho- and efficacy before moving to clinical trials. genic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). While rhBMP-2 has been therapeutically applied, there are The second branch of his research attempts to Dr. Homayoun Zadeh, who just celebrated his 25 many disadvantages, including the high cost understand how oral biofilms, whether from year reunion with the USC School of Dentistry, which ranges from $3,000-$5,000 per dose. In teeth or implants, cause infection. In collabora- is currently the director of the postdoctoral peri- addition, exogenous GF treatment also con- tion with Dr. Casey Chen, Dr. Zadeh is study- odontology program, the Laboratory for Immu- flicts with the natural biology of wound heal- ing the virulence factors and genes of biofilm, noregulation and Tissue Engineering (LITE) ing by creating an influx of growth factors as as well as the host’s specific immune response. and also maintains a part-time private peri- opposed to the steady increase of the normal Bacteria grow in two different states: plank- odontology practice. Dr. Zadeh has always been healing mechanism. tonic and biofilm. Planktonic bacteria are interested in