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Connecticut Bicentennial GAZETTE D , Am3 5 rb n v k ^. • • CONNECTICU T V 6 XHE STATE UBRARY n ° : 1 bnnedticu t sgms^ : .gfIllrtjlgW^i­ t I r/if Charter Oak CONNECTICU T VOLUM E V I NUMBE R MARC H 197 7 THE CONNECTICUT HISTORY COMMONS Proposed Program for State Museum Completed The long-awaited program study for the Connecticut "The Connecticut History Commons shall be education­ State Museum, Connecticut's permanent and lasting me­ ally oriented, professionally managed, and shall encourage morial to the Bicentennial, was presented to the January public participation and involvement. Its primary business meeting of the Connecticut Historical Commission — shall be the communication of ideas," Mr. Porter wrote. ARBCC by consultant Daniel R. Porter. The study was The study proposes that the Commons be divided into financed by a grant from Middletown, proposed site of the three zones, each utilizing to some degree audio-visual, ex­ museum. hibition, demonstration and visitor participation techniques Entitled "A Program for the Connecticut History Com­ so that the visitor actively participates in the museum ex­ mons" Mr. Porter put forth a plan for an approach to the perience rather than being merely a passive viewer. museum which would provide "an active, unique center Zone one is proposed to be a Presentation Center which where human and natural history of Connecticut will be will take the form of the more traditional museum, but presented and demonstrated." place its emphasis on the inspirational. It would be the The Commons would serve the citizens of Connecticut in function of the Center to gather representative aspects of five ways: through mobile exhibits in a trailer; through State history under one roof, so that the visitor under­ travelling exhibits for public buildings; through consulting stands Connecticut's heritage and is guided by the State's services; through radio and television programming; and continued on page 8 through publications. NEW ENGLAND STATES PUBLISH UNDERGROUND RAILROAD PROJECT BROCHURE A brochure identifying 54 Underground Railroad "sta­ tions" scattered throughout New England has been publish­ ed by the American Revolution Bicentennial Administra­ tion, Region 1. The work is the culmination of an effort which got underway in late 1975 when representatives from the six New England States met in Farmington to begin to develop plans and procedures for carrying out a project that would commemorate this important era in the nation's history. For the past several months researchers have worked in their respective states photographing, documenting and compiling historical information on known and suspected Underground Railroad sites. The coordinator for Connecti­ cut was Richard R. Kuns from the staff of the CHC. Mr. The Francis Gillette House, 511 Bloomfield Ave., is one Kuns also served as co-editor of the brochure. of several Connecticut buildings identified as being a stop The published result is only a small sampling of the on Connecticut's portion of the Underground Railroad. houses which were used to make up the intricate system The house is currently owned by the Connecticut General which led thousands of fugitive slaves to freedom. A more Life Insurance Co. and is not open to the public. D continued on page 5 fw&s dog ru* The Badge of Merit is mentioned casually toward the FOURTH BADGE OF end of the statement, which served as Simmon's formal ap­ plication for a government pension: "I further say that on the seventh day of June seventeen hundred and eighty- MERIT RECIPIENT three I received a discharge in writing signed by General Washington at the bottom of which was a certificate signed by Colonel Butler certifying that I have received the Badge UNCOVERED? of Merit for six years faithful services. I further say that many years ago the said writer's discharge was put into the hands of Mr. Fisk of Barre in Vermont to be delivered to If True, Connecticut Maintains Clean Sweep of the Award Judge Miles, then a member of Congress from that state to be used at the State of Government to prove my claim to When the news arrived it seemed to be an end-of-the-year county land and that I have not seen it since. Though I Bicentennial present to Connecticut. have repeatedly endeavored to recover it and I very believe According to Richard S. Allen, Program Director of the it has been destroyed." New York State American Revolution Bicentennial Com­ According to the records Samuel Simmons was born mission a fourth Badge of Merit recipient had been found. September 22, 1756 in Middletown to Samuel Simmons and Until now there have been only three recognized recipients Ann Pryor (Prior). Following the end of the war he ap­ of the award conceived by George Washington as a means parently returned to Connecticut where he married Sarah "to foster and encourage every species of military merit," Pelton, also of Middletown. all three from Connecticut It now appears that a fourth man, one Samuel Simmons of Middletown, also may have received the Badge of Merit. If true, then Connecticut has maintained its clean sweep of the ancient honor. Information about Private Simmons came to light follow­ ing publication of an article in the NYARBC's newsletter, "The Correspondent" about the award and its presentation to Elijah Churchill. The "Honorary Badge of Military Merit," as it was known then, was founded by Washington on August 7, 1782 and was the first award ever designed to be presented to Ameri­ can non-commissioned officers and enlisted men. Follow­ ing the end of the Revolution the award was not used again until it was resurrected on the Bicentennial of Washington's birth in 1932. Today it is familiar as the Military Order of the Purple Heart, awarded as a mark of valor through wounds received in combat. Washington had indicated that the design of the award should be a "figure of a heart in purple cloth." The original > award was not a medal, but a strip of purple silk edged with silver braid carrying the word "MERIT" stitched across the Badge of Merit presented to Elijah Qiurchill by George front, in silver thread, and was meant to be sewn to the Washington. left breast of the uniform coat. Simmons, a member of the Third Regiment, Connecticut Information provided the NYSARBC indicates that the Line, differs from Churchill and the other two known reci­ couple had eight children, Samuel, Epthram, Seth, David, pients in that he apparently received the award after the Anna, Polly, Joseph and Sally. war was over in recognition of his long service and not for David, Epthram and Seth Simmons were early settlers in any specific act of bravery. Great Valley Cattaragus County, New York. Epthram and According to a deposition, taken when he was 79 years Seth built the first school house in Olean, New York. of age and living in New Hampshire, Samuel Simmons, on David's son Samuel Simmons enlisted in the Civil War and June 1, 1776 ".. enlisted as a private soldier in the Com­ was captured at Gettysburg in July, 1863. He escaped pany commanded by Captain Eliphalet Bulkley in Colonel from Belle Island the January of the following year only to Wolcott's Regiment in the Connecticut Line of the Army of be recaptured shortly thereafter and returned to the Island the United States, [and] served in that capacity in said where he died of fever and starvation on January 20, 1864. Company and Regiment until the first day of January fol­ Middletown's Samuel Simmons ended his days as a Con­ lowing when the said regiment was dismissed. I then on the necticut pensioner in New Hampshire, dying on October tenth day of January, 1777 again enlisted in this Company 15, 1841. He is buried in the Ruddsboro Cemetery in commanded by Captain Elijah Smith in Colonel Cooks Hanover. Regiment in the same line of said army to serve until the The first known recipient of the Badge of Merit was eighteenth of March and then went following as a private Elijah- Churchill, a sergeant in the Second Regiment of soldier and served as such until said eighteenth day of March Light Dragoons, a Connecticut regiment. According to his in said Company and Regiment, when the Regiment was citation ".. in several enterprises against Fort St. George dismissed and afterwards about the first of April one thou­ and Fort Slongo on Long Island . [Churchill] not only sand seven hundred and seventy seven I enlisted as a private acquitted himself with great gallantry, firmness and address, soldier in the Company of Captain Robert Warner in but . the surprise in one instance and the success of the Colonel Samuel Wyllys 3rd Regiment in the Connecticut attack in the other, proceeded in a considerable degree from Line of said army to serve during the war and served in that his conduct and management." capacity in said army to the end of the war." continued onnextpage The City of Bridgeport plans to develop a marina at the spot where the three boats now rest on the bottom of the harbor. Because of the difficulty in disposing of the canal boats, the city has delayed beginning construction, but the canal boats must be moved,perhaps as early as this summer. If they cannot be raised intact, they may be dynamited into pieces and dredged off the bottom of the harbor. The canal boats are unquestionably irreplaceable historic resources. They are being nominated to the National Regis­ ter of Historic Places and the Connecticut State Historic Preservation Officer is attempting to locate museums or his­ torical societies that would be interested in obtaining and restoring one or more of the boats.
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