Shangri-La Sustainable Development Programme SSDP Yearly Report 2009

Shangri-La Sustainable Development Programme SSDP Yearly report 2009

[SSDP is a people based empowerment and capacity building development project concerning Microfinance, Agriculture, Health and Education in remote west Nepal run with the development partnership with GDAA, Germany]

Shangri-La Association, Kathmandu, Nepal Foreword Eradicating extreme poverty and hunger, achieving universal primary education, promoting g ender equality and empowering women, reducing child mortality, improving maternal health, combating HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases, ensuring environmental sustainability and developing a global partnership for development are our millennium development goals (MDGs).

And most importantly, the overall goal of SSDP is towards contributing to the MDGs. SSDP has been successfully achieving its objectives in last three years in its projects of microcredit, education, health , maternal and child care and agriculture . The practice has been environment friendly and sensitive to gender and sustainability.

We strongly hope that GDAA will continue to support the projects in Karnali- where there is real need for global partnership for its development- in years ahead.

We are thankful to GDAA and its supporters who have worked to make the SSDP project successful and benefited poor people of Nepal.

With thanks.

Sincerely

Dikendra Dhakal Programme Manager Wednesday 27 January, 2010

2 Organization of the report

This report is divided into three parts. PART I includes Introduction of the SSDP, introduction of target area, SSDP background, goals and objectives and summary of activities completed in 2007 & 2008. PART II is the elaboration of the progress in the year 2009: 2009 Targets and Progress checklist, Group based activities, Cooperative Organization based activities, Health activities, and Education based activities and agriculture activities. PART III provides a glimpse of monitoring and evaluation of the project.

APPENDICES: Future plan (2010-11) Saving group list List of Cooperative Boards of Patmara and Luma MDGS

PART I INTRODUCTION SHANGRI-LA SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME

CHAPTER ONE SHANGRI-LA SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME

1.1 CONTEXTUALIZING KARNALI

Problems of Jumla/Karnali1

When there is nothing to fill the belly with We don’t know how to survive And keep the children alive. Why talk of wholesome food When it is hard to get anything to eat and survive? And life is unfulfilled due to lack of health, education, food and shelter. Mouths to feed have increased but not the land Problem like these cannot be solved without a social campaign. Women’s Karma (destiny)is to reproduce and collect animal feed What kind of religion is this, That discriminates among people since birth? My age is for carrying books But I’m destined to carry heavy loads in the basket My life has been spent like this My desire to attend school remains ever unfulfilled. All young men are in India for menial work All women for daily wages to survive Development is obstructed My birthplace (Karnali) remains deserted. Productivity of land has declined, lie’s value has diminished Nepal’s Name written off from the list of “peaceful countries”.

Karnali Zone- one of the fourteen zones of Nepal- is a good example of geographical exclusion which has arisen mainly because of lack of access of people to basic services like transportation, and communication, information, employment and market. This inaccisibility has led to capability deprivation among the general mass of Carnal, which has further led to the exclusion from national social and political arenas. Situated in the northwestern mountainous region of Nepal, Karnali occupies about 15 percent of the total territory of Nepal, that is, 21, 351 square kilometers. Most parts of Karnali are unpopulated as 45 percent of its territory is located at an altitude above 4,500 meters and 47 percent is above 2,500 meters. The monsoon cycle of this zone is different from that of other parts of the country due to the peculiarity of the relief of land. The 4,000-meter high Chyakure-Mabu Mountain in the southern part of the zone does not allow the rain-bearing monsoon cloud to flow northward. Consequently, the northern part of the zone gets less rain-fall than the southern part.

1 This is a deuda song popularly song by girls and women in Karnali at the time of social gatherings in groups. Source: Kalikote, 2005.

5 Animism is still practiced in Karnali. Accordingly, the local deities are worshipped by the Karnali people. Superstitions, fatalism and orthodoxy powerfully fabricate the daily lives of the people there. As few examples- the menstruating girls and women are kept away from home during the period; and, during birth labour women are forbidden from consuming meat, milk and its products and leafy vegetables fearing that their local deities will harm them in anger. Child marriage and Jari pratha (wife stealing) are common in Karnali. Polyandry is also in practice in Lama communities of Karnali. Diseases are blamed on the gods or evil spirit. Shamanism is very popular all over Karnali. Agriculture, livestock, wool and herbal products form general source of economic activities in this region. Forest resource, essentially varieities of herbal products are notable natural income generating source that could brig striking impact to the economy of Karnali. However, this business is not managed judiciously. The middlemen from other parts of Nepal and town have been exploiting the Karnali people. The educational attainment of the Karnali population is very low. 81 percent of the adult population of 15years’ and above is illiterate whereas 63 percent of the children between the age bracket of 10 and 14 are unable to read and write. The educational condition of the women is worst. Only 3 percent of women in Karnali are literate.

1.2 Introduction of SSDP Shangri-La Sustainable Development Programme (SSDP) is a five year community project of Shangri-La Association (SA) Nepal and Govinda Development Aid Association (GDAA) in Karnali/Jumla west Nepal. SSDP has been started since 2007. SSDP is focused in two communities of Jumla: Patmara and Luma. These two communities were selected after general survey of whole Jumla district. The development experiences in these two communities will be helpful to work in other communities of Jumla and in future in other districts of Karnali region.

1.2.1 Development goal of SSDP The project contributes to poverty reduction of marginalized people of two communities in Jumla by organising and strengthening them into co-operatives that are community owned managed and self sustained institutions to deliver socio economic and financial services according to their needs.

1.2.2 Project Purpose of SSDP 1. Dalits, Women and disadvantaged people are empowered and have control and access to resources and in decisions 2. People achieve a higher Economic status in two communities by local resource mobilization and opportunities of local entrepreneurships through co-operatives 3. People get sustainable support in the field of health, agriculture and education according to the need analysis and participatory monitoring and evaluation of the outreach program 4. Communities maintain social cohesion with the extension of the two new cooperatives from Community Development Fund (CDF) to the adjacent communities of the same Village Development Committee (VDC)

1.2.3 The target areas and project communities Patmara and Luma communities of Jumla district are the present SSDP target areas. In Patmara there were 116 households at time of launching SSDP (2007). Now there are 133 households(2009). In Luma there were 211 households in 2007 and now the households number has reached 233 (2009).

Luma Village Patmara Village

Mainly SSDP targets in empowerment and capacity building of the people through cooperative organizations in Karnali region of west Nepal. SSDP works in the field of microfinance for economic prosperity, agriculture for food sufficiency, health and education for overall development of the people. People’s participation, local values and norms, social inclusion, democratic decisions, human rights and equality, gender responsiveness, child rights, transparency and sustainability are the guiding values for SSDP. Continuous participatory monitoring and periodic evaluation ensure the projects’ expected progress.

1.2.4 SSDP in Jumla SSDP works through group concepts. The people form the groups on their own in facilitation of Shangri-La. They receive awareness trainings, saving trainings, credit trainings, and cooperative trainings from Shangri-La. One Cooperative organization is formed in each community with the federalization of the groups. The cooperatives have sub committee such as Education Subcommittee, Health Subcommittee and Agriculture Subcommittee who receive trainings, facilitation and grants to work for the development of the communities in respective sectors. The individuals and the communities can get loans from the communities for income generation activities and economic prosperity.

Mountain ahead of Luma village

1.3 SUMMARY OF COMPLETED PROJECT ACTIVITIES (2007-08)

S. N. Activities year Progress 1 SSDP project proposal prepared 2007 completed 2 SSDP Office and staff upgraded 2007 completed 3 Preparation of training materials and manuals for SSDP 2007 completed related trainings 2007 4 Baseline survey for SSDP in Luma and Patmara- Jumla 2007 completed 5 Selection of 22 social mobilizers 2007 completed 6 Orientation and training to 22 social mobilizers on group 2007 completed management 7 22 men and women Group formation (each group 2007 completed consisted 25 to 30 members 8 Awareness training- Training of Trainers (TOT) to 2007 completed SSDP staff 9 Awareness training of 2 months to the 22 groups 2007 completed 10 Preparation of training materials and manuals for SSDP 2007 completed related trainings 2007 11 Saving boxes distribution to all the 2007 completed 12 Women and dalit rights training to 22 groups 2007 completed 13 Education sub committee formation in Luma and 2007 completed Patmara 14 School building construction in Luma 2007 completed 15 Preparation of training materials and manuals for SSDP 2008 completed related trainings 2008 16 Communication training for Dalits and women in 22 2008 completed groups 17 Comminity Interaction centre/library established in 2008 completed Luma 18 Saving and credit trainings to 22 groups 2008 completed 19 Training on formulating working guidelines, constitution 2008 completed and policy of cooperative 2 the 22 groups 20 ANM (Mid-wife nurse) training to a woman from 2008 completed Patmara to establish Health Service Centre 21 Training on hygiene and sanitation to the Patmara and 2008 completed Luma community through groups 22 Health campaign (Toilet and drinking water) in Patmara 2008 completed and Luma 23 Workshop on monitoring school enrolment with the 2008 completed education sub committee of Patmara and Luma 24 Education training to education subcommittee, school 2008 completed teachers, parents and students from Patmara and Luma 25 Training on education (promotion of schooling 2008 completed campaign in Patmara and Luma)

9 PART II: PROGRESS NARRATION 2009

Luma Cooperative Board members learning to make cooperative business plan

10 2.1 TARGETS AND PROGRESS OF 2009 The following table shows detail implementation targets of 2009 and its progress.

S. N. 2009 target Activities Progress 1 Preparation of training materials and manuals for SSDP completed related trainings 2009 2 Establishment of Community Interaction Centre/library completed in Patmara 3 2 Cooperative Organization formation and registered in completed Government office- one each in Patmara and Luma 4 Cooperative leadership, promotion, Management, micro completed credit management, Account and book keeping training to the 2 cooperative committees 5 Cooperative Working guidelines & Business Plan completed Training to the 2 cooperative committees 6 gender and group dynamics and human rights training to completed 2 cooperatives 7 Workshops on financial viability and borrowers viability completed of two cooperatives 8 Agriculture depository centre established completed 9 Training on Hybrid seeds to the agriculture completed subcommittees in Patmara and Luma 10 Provision of Hybrid seeds to all the farmers in Patmara completed and Luma 11 Training on business planning to the Cooperatives completed 12 ANM Training to a woman from Luma to establish completed Health Centre 13 Evaluation workshop on Community Fund and follow up completed processes in 2 cooperatives of Patmara and Luma 14 SSDP First Grant to 2 cooperatives completed

2.2 SSDP project Components

SSDP has mainly five distinct project components: - Group based Activities - Cooperative based Activities - Health related Activities - Agriculture related Activities - Education related Activities Nonetheless, they are interlinked to each other in the same fabric of Cooperative Organization. Groups are organized in Cooperatives. The Cooperatives have health, education and Agriculture sub committees and distinct offices. Health Sub committees work though Health Centres, Education subbcomitees work through Interaction centre and school and Agriculture Sub Committee work through Agriculture Depot Office in the villages.

12 GROUP BASED ACTIVITIES

“People can change their own lives, provided they have the right kind of institutional support. …bring opportunities to the poor people, so that they can change their lives.”

- Muhammad Yunus

13 2.2.1 GROUP BASED ACTIVITIES Group formation among the poor people in the community, starting regular and compulsory saving from the group members, making loans available to the member from the group saving has been instrumental in poverty alleviation all over the world now. The concept of Micro credit was pioneered by the Bangladesh-based Grameen Bank, which broke away from the age old belief that low income amounted to low savings and low investment. It started what came to be a system which followed this sequence: low income, credit, investment, more income, more credit, more investment, more income. In Patmara Community there are 8 groups including at least one member from every household. In the same manner, Luma has 14 groups. That means 100% households (families) in the project communities are included in the groups. These groups’ regular activity is monthly saving, credit mobilization, community mobilization in the activities.

350000 218900 300000 250000 216750 Patmara saving 200000 groups 150000 Lumasaving groups 100000 50000 0 saving in NRS

saving in Patmara and Luma Saving Groups

Outputs/outcomes - In Patamara total saving is Rs 216750.00 (€2167.5) and in Luma Rs 323200.00 (€3232.00). In total Rs 539950.00 (€5399.50) saving are collected in 22 saving groups in the 2 community Patamara and Luma. - The group members federated together to form two cooperatives in Patmara and Luma, thus two cooperative organization have been formed. - Each household has compulsorily saved monthly saving in the groups. - The saving in the groups is mobilized for membership loans in membership collateral system. - The loan refund is 100% successful. - Most of the credit mobilization is in microcredit- small business, buying sheep for wool production, potato farming, apple farming. Other sectors loaned are for buying shares for the village Cooperative membership, education of the child, medical treatment and family personal needs. Long term impact - Every household has monthly saving in the groups. Most of the households have bought Cooperative shares. - Mainly the women, dalits and the excluded are empowered.

14 I am empowered now! My name is Chhamu Nepali. I am a dalit woman of Luma. When SSDP project came to our village, the project in-charge asked all of to be group members. I was hesitating them. I was afraid because I was never out in the public. Either I worked inside the house or I worked in the farms, forest (to collect firewood). I was fearful to stand in people’s mass specially when there were men. Gradually, I learned to attend meetings in group. I learned to raise issues of our common concern of our village. Similarly other women like me also learned many things in the group. Today, after more than two years, I am elected as a Cooperative Chair Person of Chunkhani Multipurpose Cooperative private limited of Luma. I am not afraid to speak in mass. I can put my words clearly and make other listen. I am getting support from male people as well. I attend one training about “women” (she meant to refer Gender!). Now I learnt women are not inferior to men. We can play the roles like men and participate in development work. (Based on a conversation with Chhamu Nepali and D. Dhakal in December 2009)

See the list of Saving groups in the appendix.

SSDP staff Mahendra and Jay making group meetings

15 COOPERATIVE BASED ACTIVITIES

“Today, if you look at financial systems around the globe, more than half the population of the world - out of six billion people, more than three billion - do not qualify to take out a loan from a bank. This is a shame.”

-Mohammad Yunus

16 2.2.2 COOPERATIVE BASED ACTIVITIES

What is Cooperative: Co-operative is a social and economic movement which emerged in Europe as a reaction to early 19th-century industrialization. Today it has been established as a development model for common people’s prosperity. Co-operative organizations are business enterprises owned by and operated for the benefit of their members who follow a set of principles. The most important of these principles are that members in a co-operative each has one vote regardless of the investments made; anyone can join; surpluses or profits are distributed to members according to their levels of participation; and co-operatives will undertake educational activities for their members. These cooperative organizations operate as autonomous associations of persons united voluntarily for the fulfillment of their common economic, social and cultural needs and aspirations through a jointly owned and democratically controlled enterprise. In other words A cooperative is a legal entity owned and democratically controlled by its members. Members often have a close association with the enterprise as producers or consumers of its products or services, or as its employees. Basic Values: basic values of cooperatives are self-help, self-responsibility, democracy, equality and justice.

2.2.2.1 Establishment of Cooperatives Believing Cooperative as a practicable social development model, for poverty reduction of the people two Cooperative Organizations have been established on June 07 2009 in Patmara and Luma Jumla.

Cooperative Organization name Community Board members Chuliphed Multipurpose Patmara 17 Cooperative Organization Private (Male-8 and Female- 9) Limited Dhanchauri Chunkhani Luma- Dillichaur 15 Multipurpose Cooperative (Male-7 and Female- 8) Organization Private Limited Refer Cooperative board list in the appendix.

The cooperative have been able to collect fair amount of capital within six month of its establishment. 2.2.2.2 Mass meetings by the two Co-operative executive committees In order to inform the community about the savings in the co-operative account and the related benefits (Grant) each Cooperative held mass meetings in the communities in June 2009.The mass meeting was based upon the below stated Cooperative message.

A cooperative is a business organization owned and controlled by the people who use its services. They finance and operate the business or service for their mutual benefit of the people of similar social and economic status.. By working together, they can reach an objective that would be unattainable if acting alone. The purpose of the cooperative is to provide greater benefits to the members such as increasing individual income or enhancing a member's way of living by providing important needed services. The cooperative, for instance, may be the vehicle to obtaining improved economic, health, agricultural, educational status through social and business activities or providing sources of supplies or other services otherwise unavailable if members acted alone. Either the cooperative itself develops a cooperative business plan and gets it sanctioned from the General Assembly and implements the business project for the common benefit through share and distributed profit to all the shareholders or the group of shareholders in collectivity or single shareholder presents the business plan to get the loan and gets the benefit.

220000 218900

215000

210000 Patmara Cooperative 205000 203250 Luma Cooperative 200000

195000 Deposit in NRS in December 2009

2.2.2.3 Organization of an information day about saving &credit, forms of microcredit and the 1st grant In July 2009 the executive committees organised an information day about saving and credit and the first grant that the donor organization provides to each Cooperative. The saving and credit must be regular in the cooperative and the groups. The groups can mobilize the credit/loans according to the group decision. In the Cooperative organization the cooperative organization would the policy manual. The content of the information is as below.

18 Forms of micro credit - Maximum credit rate is 10,000 NRS and must be approved by the executive committee. - Repayment will be done in a weekly instalment rate within 48 weeks. - Interest rate is 16% per annum.

Form Limitation Procedures Emergency loan Maximum NRS2000 Approved by Co-operative Manager € 20

Individual loan MaximumNRS10,000 Approved by the executive € 100 Committee of the co-operative Limitations for Micro credits

To create financial sustainability of the institution itself following limitations will be applied:

- 15% of the yearly budget will be part of the cooperative saving account - Maximum of 33% of the funds can be used for individual loans - The criteria's of the micro credits are fixed on: Health, Education, Cottage industry, Herb cultivation, saving and credit and marketing. - According to co-operatives law

2.2.2.4 Information about Co-operative Development Fund (CDF) The cooperative organization are informed about CDF. The cooperative development fund is a grant scheme that supports projects that brings social, environmental and/or economic benefits to the target communities as a whole. It aims to develop long term strategies to achieve a more sustainable way of life. • The scheme provides up to 33% funding to local community projects and 33% funding for not-for-profit neighbor community sector projects. • In all cases, an agreement setting out what is required for satisfactory completion of the project will be signed prior to receipt of grant. There will also be requirement about monitoring and recording the project outputs.

2.2.2.5 SSDP supports the cooperative through 4 grants. Grant I: Grant I is already provided to both Cooperative organization.

Grant Process 4 Grant to Grants divisions for Cooperative by GDAA Grant I 100% of the saving 1/3 Individual Loan Cooperative is amount in each 1/3 community Loan constituted and posses cooperative 1/3 Solidity Loan its own savings

19 Grant II Cooperative is working 75% of the 1/3 Individual Loan and provides micro repayment of loans 1/3 community Loan credits to the received 1/3 Solidity Loan community Grant III Cooperative is working 50% of the invested 1/3 Individual Loan and provides micro money of the 1/3 community Loan credits and community cooperative fund 1/3 Solidity Loan credits of the cooperative development fund Grant IV Cooperative is working 25% of the invested 1/3 Individual Loan and provides micro money of the 1/3 community Loan credits and solidarity cooperative fund of 1/3 Solidity Loan credits of the solidarity fund has cooperative been practised development fund

2.2.2.6 Organisation of various Co-operative trainings Both Cooperative organizations received the following trainings: Trainings Moderator/facilitator Participants Cooperative Management SA Staff Cooperative board members Cooperative Marketing SA Staff of 2 cooperatives

Cooperative Business Plan SA Staff

Gender and Human rights SA Staff Patmara and Luma Couples Agriculture training District Agriculture Office Jumla Patmara and Luma farmers Cooperative book Keeping District Cooperative Office Juma Chair persons & trainer Treasurers

2.2.2.7 Recruitment of chairperson and treasurer Recruitment of chairperson and treasurer as manager and cashier has been done in each Co-operative office. The roles of the manager and cashier have been assigned to the Cooperative Committee Treasurer and Secretary to be economic as they work honorary. Cooperatives are holding regular review and reflection meeting in order to exchange experiences, difficulties and ideas for improvements within the executive committee about the co-operative management. Each Cooperative has the policy manual for day to management.

2.2.2.8 Formation of co-operative sub committees Both Cooperatives have education, health and agriculture subcommittees. The education, awareness, community school interaction centre are the responsibilities of the Education Sub-committee of the Cooperative. Agricultural activities, Agriculture

20 depot, income generation activities marketing etc are the responsibilities of the Agriculture Sub-committee. Health Literacy, disease prevention and treatment, health campaigns and mobilizing the ANMs from Health Centre in future are the responsibilities of the Health Sub-committee.

2.2.2.9 Quarterly review and reflection within the executive committee SSDP office Jumla arranged two Quarterly review and reflection meeting between two cooperative organization in its Jumla Office in August and December in order to exchange experiences, difficulties and ideas for improvements within the executive committee about the co-operative management.

2.2.2.10 Policy manual of co-operative Each Cooperative has the policy manual for day to management. Policy manual of cooperative is practiced and includes regulations for loan repayment. Monitoring of repayments is done by the cooperative executive committee and regular inspection has been done from SSDP Office and the rate of the repayment is very satisfactory.

2.2.2.11 Output/Outcome - Two Cooperative office are established- one in Luma and One in Patmara. - Both the Cooperative have bank accounts in Bank of Kathmandu –Jumla Branch. - The Patmara Cooperative has collected total amount of NRS203250.00 (€2032.50) and Luma Cooperative has accumulated NRS 218900.00 (€2189.00). - The deposit has been mobilized in individual loan. - In the end of December 2009 both the Cooperartives have received the first grant, equal to NRS 100000.00 (€1000.00) each. - The poor people are now able to receive loans for the enterprise, business and personal work in their own village. - The local community is responsible for the health, education and agriculture development activities and other similar empowerment campaigns. We are capable to start a business My name is Suka Thapa. I am from Patmara. We had the idea of Cooperative. Other organizations also supported to form Cooperative in Jumla. But they aren’t functioning now! Because they didn’t receive any training and similar support they were not capacitated. But we have received very important trainings. We received cooperative management, book keeping, business plan, marketing training. We prepared business plan and submitted to Shangri-La Office. We are receiving a grant of NRS 100000.00. We are thinking of doing some business about Potato from the cooperative. Our interest is to build a cold Store. When we have a cold store in our village, we can store our production when the price is low. We can get good price at the off season! My friends have received loan for sheep farming. We are hopeful for our betterment from Cooperative.

21 HEALTH

“Every night, 3.4 million Nepalis go to bed hungry. Almost half of all children in Nepal under the age of five are malnourished, and 41% of all people in this country are undernourished.” UNDP Resident Representative Mr. Robert Piper (16th October2009)

2.2.3 HEALTH

Better health is central to human happiness and well- being. It also makes an important contribution to economic progress, as healthy populations live longer, are more productive, and save more. Family economy, education and health are very much interrelated. Therefore, our SSDP project though its cooperative model attempts to address income generation, health, education and means of livelihood- agriculture of the target population. On his research on “Intergenerational Impact of Health on Economic Growth” David Mayer (2004) has put forward his conclusion that the role of early child development in the intergenerational cycle of human capital formation. Early child development is strongly affected by family wealth. In turn, it is an important determinant of young adult education and health and therefore of life-long income, education and health. It is illustrated in the diagram below:

Source: David Mayer, CIDE, the Global Forum for Health Research, Forum, 2004.

23 2.2.3.1 The health committee In order to work for the community health in SSDP project, The health committee is working under the cooperative organization in each community of Patmara and Luma.

Luma health sub-committee Patmara Health Sub-committee

Mr. Parimal Rawat Mr. Bhaira Bdr Budha Mr. German Khadka Mr. Dambar Rawat Ms. Jyoti Ram Thani Mr. Hari Bdr Thapa Mr. Gagan Riule Mr. Hari Chandra Thapa Ms. Maina Nepali Ms. Ratee Thapa Ms. Bishnu Thani Ms. Ujee Nepali Ms. Sujaa Rokaya Ms. Santa Mahatara Ms. Kami Ms. Basukali Rawat Ms. Tila Rawat Mr. Nanne Kami

2.2.3.2 Toilet construction and use Building toilets and their proper use has been great necessary to improve health, economic and social status. Health - It is estimated that 80% of all our diseases are related to lack of safe water and sanitation (WHO) - 5 of the 10 top killer diseases of children aged under five years are related to water and sanitation: diseases like diarrhoea, typhoid, jaundice, malaria, schistosomiasis, hookworm, and ascariasis affect the lives of millions people every day - Children weakened by frequent diarrhea episodes are also more vulnerable to malnutrition and opportunistic infections such as pneumonia. - Diarrhea and worm infection are two major health conditions that affect school age children impacting their learning abilities Economic - Tourism and other economic activities are negatively affected by the poor sanitary conditions. According to a recent WHO study, every rupee spent on improving sanitation generates an average economic benefit of Rs. 9 Social - Many of our schools do not have toilets. Among the schools toilets that exist, many are not functional or usable. This situation seriously affects girls’ enrolment and contributes to the drop out of girls from schools. Less girls than boys who enroll in school, have completed schooling!! - Women and girls face shame and a loss of personal dignity and problems if there is no toilet at home. They have to wait for the night to ease themselves to avoid being seen by others. Safety hazards and many health risks are the result.

Therefore to get rid of the sanitation related problems, all the households in Patmara and Luma are getting incentives, knowledge and trainings for toilet construction, practice and proper sanitation. The campaigns, orientations and awareness activities to build toilet and use them were continuously held in Luma and Patmara since 2008 through groups and community mobilization. In Patmara, toilet construction support was provided and already 76 households have built the toilets and have started to use them. Remaining households are building the toilet now. Similarly, the toilet construction is in process in Luma. After its completion both the communities will have toilets in each household and the Patmara and Luma communities will be “open-excreta- free” communities.

Toilets in Patmara

Construction complete and in use being constructed

A villager demonstrating the toilet

A timely response to diarrhoea outbreak: rehydration powder and medicine handover to the Cooperative in Luma by SSDP Project Manager Jay and Health staff Kamala

25 2.2.3.3 ANM Training &Establishment of Health Centre All preparation has been made for the establishment of health Centre in Patmara and Luma from where the two ANM will work in the future. A detailed guidelines has been prepared to function the health Centre smoothly. The Health Committees will work under the Cooperative in these health centres of their community from 2010 onwards to manage the ANM Health Programme with their own resource mobilization.

Sunita Budha, ANM Patmara Pabitra Mahatara, ANM trainee Luma

Sunita has completed her trainings and now she is doing On the the Job Training in Surkhet. Her course is completed in December 2009 and will go to Patmara to work under SSDP Programme from January 2010 onwards. Pabitra is continuing her ANM studies in Karnali Technical School. She will complete her ANM course in December 2010 and starts to work in Jaunaury 2011.

2.2.3.4 Diarrhoea outbreak emergency response Districts of west Nepal suffered from diarrhoea outbreak in 2009 summer and monsoon. Diarrheal diseases are the major causes of infant mortality in west Nepal. SSDP conducted the following activities for prevention and emergency response:Rehydration powder (salt and sugar preparation) distribution in the communities (600 packets) - safer drinking water campaign - Toilet use - health campaign in groups and Hand washing orientation A review of the medical literature reports that correct handwashing prevents diarrhea by a proportion of 35%. Correct handwashing behavior is defined as rubbing both hands with water and soap at three critical times: before eating or feeding a child, before

preparing food, and after defecation or cleaning a baby. The women in groups were given the handwashing orientation. 2.2.3.5 Health Orientation to School. Children are change leaders. Children are the most energetic, enthusiastic and open to new ideas – are often part of the solution. Ideally situated at the intersection of the home, school and community, children can be powerful

26 agents of behavioral change. Schools are important centers to educate children on health and hygiene issues Therefore, 155 boys and 169 girls and in Patamara 65 boys and 65 girls participated in school health awareness in two schools in Patamara and Luma. In turn the children took the message in every households of the two communities.

Example of Activities implemented in schools 1. Creation of health group and organization of a special meeting in school to plan hygiene activities for the school year 2. Clean the class room and school compound 3. Together, wash hands with soap following the five steps before khaja/khana 4. Administer a pledge to stop open defecation, and to practice hand washing with soap before eating and after defecation. 5. Participate in a village march in the village to generate awareness on hand washing with soap and the use of toilets

2.2.3.6 Regular health awareness orientation SSDP health staff organized mass health awareness orientation in two communities in Luma and Patamara. In Luma 91 female and 123 male are participated and 52 female and 42 male are participated in Patamara.

2.2.3.7 Output/outcome till date Toilet i. 76 households have built new pit latrine (toilet) using the local materials in Patmara.,24 toilets are being constructed in Patmara. ii. 109 toilets are being constructed in Luma. iii. These households have been regularly using toilets.

Health Campaign

i. People are more aware about the personal hygiene, family hygiene, reproductive health and nutrition (especially for child). ii. The roads in Patmara are much cleaner now. iii. The trend of consulting health workers at the time of sickness has increased. iv. People are aware about health hazards and response about sudden epidemic like Diarrhea. v. The school children and teachers are aware about the health.

ANM training and Health Centre i. A Health Subcommittee is working under Cooperative in both Community to establish Health Centre in the village. ii. One ANM women (Midwife Nurse) completed the training in 2009. She will work in Patmara 2010 onwards. iii. Health Centre Guidelines is prepared and the Cooperative is oriented to execute according to the guidelines.

EDUCATION

“If you want to build a country build a school.”

- Amartya Sen

28 2.2.4 EDUCATION Education is central to development. It empowers people, strengthens nations, and is key to attainment of the millennium Development Goals. Education contributes to economic growth, reduces poverty, fosters equity and social cohesion, enables the creation and application of knowledge, triggers a wide range of benefits – improves health, empowers individuals and raise labor productivity. In order to raise the status of education in the communities Education Sub committees are formed under the umbrella of the Cooperative

2.2.4.1 Education Sub committees The Education sub committee runs various activities responsibly in the communities. Education activities of the committee are: 400 2009 School enrolment campaigns- 350 355 300 They have been conducting 260 School enrolment campaigns 250 in both communities. They 200 2008 have been managing the 150 interaction centre. 100 2009 organizations. 50 In 2008 there were 260 0 2008 2009 students And now in 2009 there are 355 students in Luma The students number in Luma School school. This has been possible from the construction of the new school building in Luma and educational campaigns from SSDP.

2.2.4.2 Establishment of Interaction Centre in Patamara An Interaction Centre named Shangri-La Interaction Centre Luma, was established in Luma in 2008. In 2009 another Interaction Centre named Himali Interaction Centre has been established in Patmara. The Interaction Centre has a small library that has books, newspapers and magazine. The interaction centre is a platform for reading, holding meetings, running awareness campaigns in health, education and agriculture. The Interaction Centre holds different competitions as well. In the month of March, the Interaction Centres of Patamara and Luma organized education promotional program in the respective community. In both places they managed quiz competition among saving (women) groups members. The Interaction Centre also held Art competition for health awareness. The community school primary level students participated. From Patmara 36 students and from Luma 27 students participated. Another programme was speech competition among youth boys and girls in two communities. The topic of the speech competition was “Clean house clean Community.” The other activities of the interaction centers are: to conduct health and education campaign in both communities like home visit, display awareness posters, banners support construction of pit latrine and conduct meetings and make aware to the community about school enrollment of the school going age children.

2.2.4.3 Output/out come i. Both the villages have one interaction centre each with small reading room and reading materials. The interaction centre has been platform for running different campaigns and programmes in the community. ii. The increase in school enrolment in both communities is one significant outcome of the activities run under the interaction centre. iii. People are more conscious about sending girl child to school. iv. People are able to read national dailies (news paper) in their own village in the interaction centre. People are also aware politically. They know what is happening in the national level politics. They are now talking about inclusiveness, democracy, rights, autonomy etc.

Patmara School children singing an awareness song on education and health

30 AGRICULTURE

“Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well- being of himself and his family, including food…” -Article 25 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights

2.2.5 AGRICULTURE

Agriculture sector, contributing to more than one third of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employing two-thirds of the country's labour force is central to the livelihood of every Nepalese people. The agriculture sector is pivotal to increase income, alleviate poverty and uplift the living standard of the Nepalese people. However, the performance of this sector has been inadequate to meet the increasing food demand and livelihood needs of growing population in the country. SSDP has focused to improvise agriculture in Jumla/Karnali through modern agriculture practices.

2.2.5.1 Agriculture sub committee In this context Formation of Agriculture sub committee & Establishment two Agricultural Deposit centres have been accomplished in both proect communities. The Agriculture committee organized an information day in the community about the Agricultural Depository Centre. The centres are established in both communities. The Centre works for the publicity and promotion of improved hybrid seeds, organizes agriculture training, distributes vegetable seeds and stores agricutlture materials for common use of the community.

2.2.5.2 Coordination with District Agriculture Office of Jumla SSDP has coordinated with District Agriculture office (DAO) of Nepal government for further cooperation in trainings and orientation. One training was held from DAO in both communities from DAO. They (DAO) have suggested and recommended for following improved hybrid seeds in Patamara and Luma community.

DAO Agriculture trainer in the community

Name of vegetables Type of seeds (breed) Kauli flower Snow crown Cabbage Green coronet Tomato Manisha radish All season/tokenasi Rayo (green leafy vegetable) Marpha chauda pat Cucumber Bhaktapure local pumpkin Black beauty Onion Red curable carrot New croda garlic Rajeekore

2.2.5.3Agriculture training SSDP office has been facilitating for the training and demonstration of modern agriculture practices. The office has prepared seasonal agro - product log with newly practised cultivation system with hybrid seeds in comparison to the conventional methodIn the training from each of the 22 groups, 4 members are participated in the improved vegetable farming training. After completion of the training the villagers were provided 8 different of types of vegetable seeds to the villagers participants. Besides distribution of hybrid/improved seeds both the agriculture depot have received pesticide/insecticide spray machines. Jumla district has practiced organic farming and no chemical insecticides/pesticides are applied. The farmers prepare organic solution out of herbs and plants to spray against the insects and pests to save their crops, vegetables and fruits like apple.

Luma apples vegetable plastic house for offseason cultivation

Patmara and Luma vegetables

2.2.5.4 Agriculture Depot Guidelines Guidelines have been prepared to run agriculture activities for Agriculture Sub Committee.

180 171 160 140 120 102 Vegetable growing HH 100 88 in Patmara 80 Vegetable growing HH 60 48 in Luma 40 20 0 2008 2009

Vegetable growing HH in Patmara and Luma: Comparison 2008 and 2009

2.2.5.5 Outputs/outcomes i. In total 88 group members participated in the agriculture training who had to demonstrate in the communities in turn. ii. People from Patamara and Luma have started to consume green vegetables. iii. They have also started to sell the surplus vegetables in local markets and earn money. iv. The business plan training and marketing training has sensitized them towards commercialization of their agro product. All the Luma people (who own apple orchards) have registered themselves for apple marketing in district level. These registered farmers get government quota to export their apple in fair price to Nepalgunj and Kathmandu. This has brought significant change in their income opportunity. v. More people in Luma are encouraged for apple farming and more people are encouraged for potato cultivation after agriculture, marketing and business plan training.

Improved vegetable seeds a farmer woman receiving seeds

34 MONITORING AND EVALUATION

3. MONITORING & EVALUATION

3.1 Monitoring SSDP Projects have been regularly monitored by SCBIDP (Shangri-La west Nepal project office). Additionally, the project is monitored by SA Office Kathmandu regularly. SA Managers made 5 field visits for project monitoring. SA Committee vice chairperson made one visit. GDAA chairpersons and members made one visit in April 2009. Every month SSDP office sends a monthly report to SA Office and GDAA about the monthly progress and the feedback are reported to the SSDP field office from SA and GDAA. A project meeting is held in quarterly basis with the project manager and SA managers to review quarterly progress.

3.2 Evaluation Shangri-La Association and GDAA made an evaluation assessment of SCBIDP, west Nepal projects as a part of 10 year progress of the organization in April 2009. SSDP is the main dominant project of SCBIDP. The evaluation indicators and scores of the project are tabulated below.

36 Annexes Annex I Future Plan 2010-11 S. N. Activities Project year 1 Preparation of training materials and manuals for SSDP related 2010 trainings 2010 2 Support to Community Interaction centres 2010 3 learning and sharing visits of both cooperatives for exposure 2010 4 Training on Hybrid seeds to the agriculture subcommittees in Patmara 2010 and Luma 5 Provision of Hybrid seeds to all the farmers in Patmara and Luma 2010 6 Training on Marketing Agriculture products, herbs and cottage industry 2010 products to the Cooperatives 7 To establish Health office and supervision committee and 2010 worksregularly 8 Provide Community Loan for ANMs 2010 9 Health Trainings of 2 ANM to the community in Luma and Patmara 2010 10 Training on hygiene and Sanitation in Luma and Patamara 2010 11 Conduct a Toilet use and safe drinking water campaign in both 2010 communities- Luma and Patmara 12 Evaluation workshop on Solidarity Fund and follow up processes 2010 13 2nd Grant (related to the repayment rate) of GDAA 2010 14 3th Grant (related to the community projects) of GDAA 2010 15 4th Grant (related to the community projects) of GDAA 2010 16 Training on Marketing Agriculture products, herbs and cottage industry 2011 products 17 Provide Community Loan for ANM 2011 18 Baseline information collection 2011 19 Final external evaluation 2011

Annex II Saving groups Patmara S.N Name of Groups Total HHs 1 Daphne Saving Group 17 2 Bhagawati saving Group 16 3 Gariba Saving Group 16 4 Himali saving Group 19 5 Lali gurash Saving Group 19 6 Chulidev Saving Group 16 7 Mahadev saving group 15 8 Bisnu saving group 15 Total 133

Luma S.N Name of Groups Total HHs 1 Amber saving Group 16 2 Dalit Babiro saving Group 15 3 Rinmokcha saving Group 15 4 Lali guras Saving Group 15 5 Phulgauda Saving Group 18 6 Akllisalla saving group 23 7 Raniban saving group 16 8 Himali saving 18 group 9 Bhagawati Saving Group 16 10 Mayalu Saving Group 16 11 Phulbari Saving Group 16 12 Bhairab nath saving group 17 13 Baba saving Group 17 14 Dhanchauri Saving Group 15 Total 233

38 Annex III Cooperatives Executive Board members

Luma Cooperatives Executive Board members S. Name position N. 1 Mrs. Chhamu Nepali Chairperson 2 Mrs. Ram Rupa Rawat Vice Chairman 3 Mr. Bhim Bhandari Secretary 4 Mr. Anga Bdr Rauta Treasurer 5 Mr. PunchiRam Rokkaya Member 6 Mr. Jarma Khadaka Member 7 Mrs. Rupa Khadaka Member 8 Mr. Man Bdr Rauta Member 9 Mr. Suk Bdr Nepali Member 10 Mr. PunchiRam Rokkaya Member 11 Mrs. Rupkali Nepali Member 12 Mr. Prithbi Nepali Member 13 Mrs. Bucchi Thami Member 14 Mrs. Jawala Kami Member 15 Mrs. Pulti Kami Member 16 Male-7 and Female- 8(dalit-6, male-2, female-4)

Patamara Cooperatives Executive Board members S. N. Name Position 1 Mr. Suk Thapa Chairman 2 Mrs. Muktisara Thapa Vice Chairman 3 Mr. Mun Bdr Thapa Secretary 4 Mr. Sanka Bdr Budha Treasurer 5 Mr. Lok Bdr Thapa Member 6 Mr. Bhair Budha Member 7 Mrs. Man koela Thapa Member 8 Mrs. Hai kali Rauta Member 9 Mrs. Kamala Budha Member 10 Mrs. Sirkali Thapa Member 11 Mrs. Tara Thapa Member 12 Mrs. Rupa Thapa Member 13 Mrs. Akamaya Budha Member 14 Mr. Man Bdr Thapa Member 15 Mr. Narbir Rauta Member 16 Mr. Ram Krishna Thapa Member 17 Mrs. Davi sara Thapa Member Male-8 and Female- 9

Annex IV. Millennium Development Goals of Nepal to be achieved by 2015 Goal 1: Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger Goal 2: Achieve universal primary education Goal 3: Promote gender equality and empower women Goal 4: Reduce child mortality Goal 5: Improve maternal health Goal 6: Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria, and other diseases Goal 7: Ensure environmental sustainability Goal 8: Develop a global partnership for development