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Curatorial Practices at the Rijksmuseum Nicole Suarez

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Curatorial Practices at the Rijksmuseum Nicole Suarez Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2008 Curatorial Practices at the Rijksmuseum Nicole Suarez Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF VISUAL ARTS, THEATRE, AND DANCE CURATORIAL PRACTICES AT THE RIJKSMUSEUM By NICOLE SUAREZ A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Art Education in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Fall Semester, 2008 Copyright © 2008 Nicole Suarez All Rights Reserved The members of the Committee approve the Dissertation of Nicole Suarez defended on October 9, 2008. ____________________________________ Pat Villeneuve Professor Directing Dissertation ____________________________________ Jeffrey Milligan Outside Committee Member ____________________________________ Tom Anderson Committee Member ____________________________________ Penelope Orr Committee Member Approved: __________________________________________ David Gussak, Chair, Department of Art Education ___________________________________________ Sally McRorie, Dean, College of Visual Arts, Theatre and Dance The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables …………………………………………………...……………………iv List of Figures................................................................................................................v Abstract…………………………………………………….…………………………vi 1. INTRODUCTION………………………………………………………………..1 Statement of the Problem………………………………………………….1 Area of Study…………………………………………………………...…2 Changes in the Focus and Structure of U.S. Museums……………2 Shift from collections to visitors…………………………..2 Employment of business management techniques.……….2 Staff Roles and Responsibilities in Museums……………………..2 New staff roles and responsibilities……………………….3 Changes in traditional staff’s roles………………………..3 Museum hierarchy and conflict…………………………...4 Changing Curatorial Role………………………………………....5 Purpose of the Study………………………………………………………5 Significance and Justification of the Study………………………………..5 Framework, Paradigm, and Assumptions….…………………………...…6 Definition of Terms………………………………………………………..7 Summary………………………..…………………………………………9 2. LITERATURE REVIEW……………………………………………………...10 Background of Curatorship………………………………………………10 Origins of Museums and Curatorship……………………………10 Collectors of rarities……………………………………...10 Organized application and scientific method…………….11 National heritage…………………………...…………….11 Local and state museums...………………………………11 Specialized museums…………………………………….11 iii Professional and governmental awareness………...……..12 The Development of U.S. Museums……………………………..12 Origin of U.S. museums………………………………….12 Modern U.S. museums…………………………………...13 Traditional functions of museums……………………….14 Shift in museum functions……………………………….14 Summary…………………………………………………………15 Current Literature………………………………………………………...16 Van Mensch’s Paradigm for Museum Functions………………...16 Preservation………………………………………………………17 Collections management…………………………………17 Acquisitions and deaccessioning………………………...18 Cataloging, inventories, and records……………………..20 Preventative care, conservation, and storage…………….20 Communication…………………………………………………..22 Exhibition………………………………………………...23 Education………………………………………………...25 Study……………………………………………………..26 Research………………………………………………….26 Publications………………………………………………28 Summary…………………………………………………………28 3. METHODOLOGY……………………………………………………………..29 Research Questions………………………………………………………29 Research Design………………………………………………………….29 Sample……………………………………………………………………30 Criteria for Selection……………………………………………..30 Setting of the Study………………………………………………31 Sampling Technique……………………………………………..32 Measures…………………………………………………………………32 Data Collection Procedures………………………………...……………32 iv Interview Data…………………………………………………….33 Observational Data………………………………………………..36 Data from.Website and Publications….…..……………………...36 Researcher’s Role………………………….……………………..36 Supplemental Methods of Data Collection………………………36 Time Period for Data Collection…………………………………36 Ensuring High-Quality Data……………………………………..37 Pilot Test…………………………………………………………………38 Data Analysis…………………………………………………………….38 Coding……………………………………………………………38 Interview Answers and Coding…………………………………..39 Examination of Data……………………………………………..40 Limitations of the Study………………………………………………….40 Time-lines………………………………………………………………..41 Summary…………………………………………………………………41 4. BACKGROUND OF THE RIJKSMUSEUM AND ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE…………………………………………………………...56 Background of the Rijksmuseum…………………………………………56 Establishment…………………………………………………….56 Mission……………………….…………………………………..57 Collection…………………….……………….………………….57 Renovations………………….…………………….…………….58 Current Display……………….………………………………….58 Organizational Structure of the Rijksmuseum…………………………….58 Rijksmuseum Departments………………………………………59 Curators at the Rijksmuseum…………………………………….61 Fine and Decorative Arts Department……………………61 The History of Department…………………….…………62 The Print Room……………………………..…….………62 Summary…………………………………………………………63 v 5. PRESENTATION OF THE DATA……………………………………………49 Interviews………………………………………………………………...49 Part One, Question One…………………………………………..49 Curator of Dutch History………………………………....49 Curator of Prints and Drawings…………………………..50 Curator of Furniture……………………………………....50 Curator of 17th Century Dutch Painting………………….51 Part One, Question Two…………………………………………..52 Curator of Dutch History………………………………....52 Curator of Prints and Drawings…………………………..52 Curator of Furniture……………………………………....53 Curator of 17th Century Dutch Painting………………….54 Part One, Question Three…………………………………………..54 Curator of Dutch History………………………………....54 Curator of Prints and Drawings…………………………..56 Curator of Furniture……………………………………....56 Curator of 17th Century Dutch Painting………………….57 Part One, Question Four…………………………………………..58 Curator of Dutch History………………………………....58 Curator of Prints and Drawings…………………………..59 Curator of Furniture……………………………………....59 Curator of 17th Century Dutch Painting………………….60 Part Two…………………………………………………………..60 Curator of Dutch History………………………………....60 Curator of Prints and Drawings…………………………..61 Curator of Furniture……………………………………....61 Curator of 17th Century Dutch Painting………………….61 Part Three, Question One…..……………………………………..61 Curator of Dutch History………………………………....61 Curator of Prints and Drawings…………………………..62 Curator of Furniture……………………………………....63 vi Curator of 17th Century Dutch Painting………………….64 Part Three, Question Two…….…………………………………..64 Curator of Dutch History………………………………....64 Curator of Prints and Drawings…………………………..65 Curator of Furniture……………………………………....65 Curator of 17th Century Dutch Painting………………….66 Summary………………………………………………………….67 Observations…………………………..…………………………………..70 Communication………...…………………………………………70 Physical communication…….……………………………70 Semantic communication…….…………………………...71 Physical and semantic communication………...…………73 Preservation……………………………………………………….75 Summary……………………...…………………………………..77 Website and Written Sources………………………………………….…..77 Research………………………………...………………………...77 Collaboration……………………………………………...78 Publications…………………………..…………………………...78 Publications by interviewed curators……………………..79 Summary……………………………...…………………………..81 6. SYNTHESIS AND CONCLUSION…………………………………………….82 Nature of Curatorial Practices at the Rijksmuseum…………………….....82 Curators’ Roles in Preservation……………………………………82 Importance of preservation………………………………..82 Ensuring preservation……………………………………..83 Decision-making process regarding preservation…………83 How to Communicate Information………………………………..84 Importance of communication……………….……………84 Exhibitions that connect to the public………………….....84 Honesty and sensitivity……………………………………84 vii Connection between individual objects and collections…..84 How Curators Study Art Collections…………….………………..85 Importance of study………………………………………85 Reading……………………………………………….…..85 Contacts, networking, and collaboration……………….....85 Using study to communicate information………………...85 Scholarly publications………………………………….....85 Fulfillment of Educational Missions …………………………......86 Absence of explicit educational component in mission….86 Scholarly publications and communication of themes, topics, and issues….……………………………………...86 Curators’ Relationships with Other Staff Members……………...86 Decision making………………………………………..…86 Collaborative relationships………………………………..86 Reflection of Recent Changes in the Focus and Structure of Art Museums at the Rijksmuseum……………………………………………………....87 Focus on Visitors………………………………………………....87 Global public………………………………………….…...87 Multiple communication methods…………………………87 Employment of Business Management Techniques……………...88 Project management teams………………………………...88 Organizational structure…………………………………....88 Implications……………………………………………………………….88 Focus on the Public……………………………………………..…88 Collaboration and Equality Among Particular Staff Roles……..…89 Suggestions for Further Research………………………………....89 Conclusion….…………………………………………………………….90 APPENDICES..……………………………………………………………………...91 viii REFERENCES……………………………………………………………………..127 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH……………………………………………………….136 ix LIST OF TABLES Table 1. Curators’ Rank of Museum Functions at the Rijksmuseum……………...…….60 Table 2. Publications Written by Interviewed Curators since the Year 2000…………....80 x LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Rijksmuseum Organizational Chart…………………………………………...46 Figure 2. Floor plan of Rijksmuseum, the Masterpieces………………………………....70 Figure 3.
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