APPENDIX 1: ORGANISMS LESS LIKELY TO BE SIGNIFICANTLY AFFECTED BY PHYTOPHTHORA INFECTION OF HEATH

Table 1 Polyphagous species with hosts that include myrtillus (1), Vaccinium vitis-idaea (2), Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (3) and vulgaris (4) found in England and/or Wales...... 2 Table 2 Fungi with plant hosts that include (1) and Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (3) found in England and/or Wales...... 11 Table 3 Pollinators with plant hosts that include Vaccinium myrtillus (1), Vaccinium vitis-idaea (2) and Calluna vulgaris (4) found in England and/or Wales...... 12 Table 4 Bird species that are found in England and Wales whose survival may not be threatened by the loss of Vaccinium myrtillus (1) and Vaccinium vitis-idaea (2)...... 14 Table 5 Polyphagous insect species found in England and/or Wales with plant hosts that include Calluna vulgaris...... 15 Table 6 Invertebrates which have been recorded visiting flowers to collect pollen and/or nectar of Calluna vulgaris...... 22 Table 7 Fungi which have been recorded on Calluna vulgaris as well as many other plant species...... 25 Table 8 Invertebrate species whose survival may be threatened by the loss of Vaccinium myrtillus (1), Vaccinium vitis-idaea (2), Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (3) and Calluna vulgaris (4) which are only found in Scotland...... 27 Table 9 Fungi species that are restricted to Scotland whose survival may be threatened by the loss of Vaccinium myrtillus (1), Vaccinium vitis-idaea (2), Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (3) and Calluna vulgaris (4), or a combination...... 30 Table 10 Invetebrate pollinators that are restricted to Scotland whose survival may be threatened by the loss of Vaccinium myrtillus...... 31 Table 11 Bird species that are restricted to Scotland whose survival may be threatened by the loss of Vaccinium myrtillus (1) and Vaccinium vitis-idaea (2)...... 31

Table 1 Polyphagous insect species with plant hosts that include Vaccinium myrtillus (1), Vaccinium vitis-idaea (2), Arctostaphylos uva- ursi (3) and Calluna vulgaris (4) found in England and/or Wales.

Host Conservation Phytopagous Order Family Species Evidence Host plant range UK range Habitat plant status Stage 1 Coleoptera Chrysomelida Cryptocephalus 1; 4; 5; Polyphagous: , Betula spp., England (except Cornwall), Wales & Adult, Larva e labiatus (L.) 89 Filipendula ulmaria, Fragaria spp., Genista anglica, Scotland: Throughout spp., Quercus spp., acetosella, Sinapis spp., Vaccinium myrtillus 1, 2, 4 Coleoptera Curculionidae Strophosoma 1; 104; Polyphagous: Arbutus unedo, Betula spp., Calluna England: Limited to Dorset, Wilts, Adults: Bark; capitatum (De 129; 128 vulgaris, Carpinus betulus, spp., Fagus Gloucs, Surrey, Sussex, Kent, East Flower buds; Geer) sylvatica, Pinus sylvestris, Quercus spp., spp., Anglia, Leics, Notts and Cumbria; Veget. buds; Sorbus spp., Tilia spp., Vaccinium spp., (Larix, Wales: (Six 10 km records) North and Leaves; Nothofagus, Pseudotsuga) South Stems; 1 Globiceps Nationally 1; 9; 10; Polyphagous (partly predacious): Trifolium spp., England: (SE, Midlands, Yorkshire Associated with All (Heteropter fulvicollis Notable B ‐ 11; 12; Cytisus scoparius, , Salix spp. (East riding), Lancashire, Cumbria), creeping a‐bugs) Yakovlev ssp. Rare 13; 89; Wales: Rare (North and South coastal growing in damp, cruciatus 142 (Dune Slacks from Kenfig to Tywyn open situations, Reuter Aberffraw (90)), Scotland: Rare, particularly dune North (Coastal) slacks and damp heaths (142) 1 Hemiptera Tingidae Derephysia 1; 14; 89; Polyphagous: Mainly Hedera helix, also Armeria spp., England: Rare (Scattered throughout; Associated with All (Heteropter foliacea (Fallen) 142 Artemisia campestris, A. vulgaris, Chrysanthemum concentrated N. Cumbria and S of Hedera helix (9; 142); a‐bugs) leucanthemum, Cyperaceae, , Humber), Wales: Rare (Coastal possible association Echium vulgare, Fraxinus excelsior, Junceae, Lonicera Caeridigion, Gwynedd) with ants (14), periclymenum, media, Prunus, Quercus spp., Rosa spp., Salvia pratensis, Thymus serpyllum, Vaccinium myrtillus 1 Hemiptera Coccidae Parthenolecaniu 153 Polyphagous: Woody , but shows a preference England: Locally common in south Woodland Larvae + (Sternorrhy m rufulum for Quercus spp. It has been recorded feeding on adults ncha‐ (Cockerell, Vaccinium myrtillus. phytophagou scales) 1903) s; 1, 2 Hemiptera Diaspididae Chionaspis 1; 15; 18; Polyphagous: 50 spp listed as hosts, including England: Channel coast, Thames, Wide range Larvae + (Sternorrhy salicis (L.) 150 ** Arctostaphylos sp., Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium Ouse, Trent, Mersey, Lakes; Wales: adults ncha‐ uliginosum and Vaccinium vitis‐idae North; Scotland; W. Highlands, N. phytophagou scales) Isles; Ireland: Ulster s; Bark; Branch (small); Trunk; 1, 4 Hemiptera Diaspididae Diaspidiotus 1; 15; 18; Oligophagous: Main host Calluna vulgaris, also Britain:Locally common but rarely Heathland Larvae + (Sternorrhy bavaricus 150 ** Arbutus unedo, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, recorded (Malumphy, 2009) adults ncha‐ (Lindinger) Vaccinium myrtillus phytophagou scales) s;

Host Conservation Phytopagous Order Family Species Evidence Host plant range UK range Habitat plant status Stage 1 Hemiptera Diaspididae Diaspidiotus 150 Polyphagous: prefers Quercus spp.. It has been Britain: Locally common throughout (Sternorrhy zonatus recorded feeding on Vaccinium myrtillus. ncha‐ (Frauenfeld) scales) 1 Hemiptera Diaspididae Lepidosaphes 1; 15; 16; Polyphagous: Over 100 spp of shrubs and trees Britain: Throughout Heathland (Relatively Larvae + (Sternorrhy ulmi (L.) 17; 19; including Arctostaphylos uva‐ursi, Calluna vulgaris, common on Calluna adults ncha‐ 20; 150 Vaccinium macrocarpon, Vaccinium myrtillus, spp.) and other phytophagou scales) ** and Vaccinium vitis‐idaea habitats with suitable s; hosts

1, 2, 4 Hemiptera Eriococcidae Eriococcus 1; 15; Oligophagous: Preference for Erica tetralix in Britain. Britain: Locally common throughout. Stems ‐ (Sternorrhy devoniensis 138; 150 Also recorded on Calluna vulgaris and Vaccinium Non‐native (Peninsula, Channel, Larvae, adults ncha‐ (Green) ** spp. Thames, Mersey, Humber, Tyne, E. scales) Highlands, N. Highlands, N. Isles, Munster (15; 138)) 1, 4 Hemiptera Eriococcidae Eriococcus 1; 15; Polyphagous: Calluna vulgaris, Deschampsia spp., England: Peninsula, Channel, Thames, Stems ‐ (Sternorrhy greeni 138 ** Festuca spp., Viola spp. Humber,; Scotland: E. Lowlands (15; Larvae, adults ncha‐ Newstead 138) scales) 1, 4 Hemiptera Ortheziidae Newsteadia 150 Polyphagous on roots, including Calluna vulgaris and Britain: Locally common throughout Wide range All (Sternorrhy floccosa (De Vaccinium spp. ncha‐ Geer, 1778) scales) 1, 4 Hemiptera Pseudococcid Atrococcus 151 Polyphagous on herbaceous plants, hosts include Britain: Rarely recorded Wide range (Sternorrhy ae cracens Vaccinium sp. and Vaccinium vitis‐idaea. ncha‐ Williams, 1962 scales) 1, 4 Hemiptera Pseudococcid Peliococcus 151 Polyphagous: Roots of heathers and occasionally Britain: Rarely recorded Wide range (Sternorrhy ae calluneti some herbaceous plants, hosts include ncha‐ (Lindinger, Arctostaphylos uva‐ursi, Calluna vulgaris, Vaccinium scales) 1912) myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum and Vaccinium vitis‐ idaea. 3 Hemiptera Pseudococcid Rhizoecus 151 Polyphagous: on roots. Recorded on Arctostaphylos Britain: Occurs widely but rarely (Sternorrhy ae albidus Goux sp.. recorded ncha‐ scales) 1 Hemiptera Aleyrodidae Aleyrodes 1; 26; 29; Polyphagus: Aegopodium podagraria, Filipendula England, Wales, Scotland Larvae + (Sternorrhy fragariae 30 ** ulmaria, Fragaria vesca, Geum rivale, Lonicera adults ncha‐ Walker xylosteum, Vaccinium myrtillus, Viola spp. phytophagou whiteflies) s; (Host for Parasitoids (Eretmocerus sp?)) 1 Hemiptera Aleyrodidae Aleyrodes 26 Polyphagous: Recorded on Vaccinium myrtillus. Britain: Common and widespread (Sternorrhy lonicerae throughout ncha‐ Walker, 1852 whiteflies) Host Conservation Phytopagous Order Family Species Evidence Host plant range UK range Habitat plant status Stage 1 Hemiptera Aleyrodidae Asterobemisia 26 Polyphagous: Recorded on Vaccinium uliginosum. Britain: Widespread but rarely (Sternorrhy carpini (Koch, recorded ncha‐ 1857) whiteflies) 1 Lepidopter Geometridae Alcis repandata 1; 3; 41; Polyphagous: Achillea millefolium, Angelica sylvestris, Britain: Common throughout Inhabiting woodland, Larva a (macro‐ (L.) 42; 50; Berberis vulgaris, Betula pendula, Betula pubescens, suburban gardens and ) 89 Calluna vulgaris, Clematis vitalba, , bushy localities, laevigata, Crataegus monogyna, Cytisus scoparius, Hedera helix, Juniperus communis, Lonicera periclymenum, Prunus domestica, , Quercus spp., Rubus fructicosus, Rumex spp., Rubcus aculeatus, Ulmus procera, Vaccinium myrtillus 1 Lepidopter Geometridae Chloroclysta 1; 3; 41; Polyphagous: Shrubs and plants, including Alchemilla Britain: Throughout, though more Woodland and Larva a (macro‐ citrata (L.) 42; 43; spp., Betula spp., Calluna spp., Erica spp., Fragaria local in the south moorland habitats moths) 50; 52; spp., Salix spp., Vaccinium myrtillus. 89 1 Lepidopter Geometridae Chloroclysta 1; 3; 41; Polyphagous: Trees, shrubs and herbs including Britain: Common throughout Wide range of habitats Larva a (macro‐ truncata 42; 43; Betula spp., Calluna vulgaris, Crataegus spp., Erica moths) (Hufnagel) 50; 52; spp., Fragaria spp., Rubus spp., Rumex spp., Salix 89 spp., Vaccinium myrtillus. 1 Lepidopter Geometridae cinctaria 1; 3; 50 Polyphagous: Betula spp. and main hosts England: Nominate race New Forest, Heathland preferred Larva a (macro‐ (Denis & (41; 42) also Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Genista spp., Hampshire, also Wales. Scotland: habitat with scattered moths) Schiffermuller) 89 corniculatus, Polygonum aviculare, Salix spp., subspecies bowesi in scattered trees and bushes. Vaccinium myrtillus locations throughout 1 Lepidopter Geometridae Crocallis 1; 3; 50; Polyphagous: Deciduous trees and bushes including Britain: Ranging fairly commonly Occupying a range of Larva a (macro‐ elinguaria (L.) 53 (41; Betula pubescens, Betula pendula, Calluna vulgaris, habitats moths) 42) 89 Crataegus spp., Fagus sylvatica, Lonicera periclymenum, Malus sylvestris, Prunus spinosa 1 Lepidopter Geometridae Cyclophora 1; 3; 42 Oligophagous: Fagus sylvatica also Betula spp., England: Commoner in the south, as Fairly common in Larva a (macro‐ linearia (41; 43; Quercus spp. and Vaccinium myrtillus far north as Northumberland (South); places. moths) (Hubner) 50) 89 Wales: Commoner in the south 1 Lepidopter Geometridae Deileptenia 1; 3; 42 Polyphagous: Coniferous trees, , Larix England, Wales: Mainly in the Deciduous & Larva a (macro‐ ribeata (Clerck) (41; 50) decidua, Picea spp., Pinus sylvestris, Pseudotsuga southern half, more dispersed in coniferous woodland,. moths) 89 menziesii, Taxus baccata, also Betula, Buxus north; Scotland: fewer, more sempervirens, Fagus sylvatica, Quercus, Salix, scattered populations Vaccinium myrtilis (only Ericaceae) 1 Lepidopter Geometridae Epirrita 1; 2; 3; Polyphagous: Betula and Alnus main hosts, also British Isles: Widely distributed, but Inhabits heaths and Larva a (macro‐ autumnata 42 (41; Calluna vulgaris, Corylus avellana, Crataegus its exact distribution details are woods. moths) (Borkhausen) 50; 57) monogyna, Larix deciduas, Pinus sylvestris, Populus clouded by confusion with the other 89 tremula, , Salix spp., Ulmus glabra, Epirrita species. Vaccinium myrtillus

Host Conservation Phytopagous Order Family Species Evidence Host plant range UK range Habitat plant status Stage 1 Lepidopter Geometridae Epirrita dilutata 1; 3; 41; Polyphagous: Trees and shrubs including Acer spp., British Isles: Widely distributed, but Wide range of habitats Larva a (macro‐ (Denis & 50 (42; Betula spp., Carpinus betulus, Corylus avellana, its exact distribution details are but its exact moths) Schiffermuller) 55; 57) Fraxinus excelsior, Malus spp., Populus spp., Prunus clouded by confusion with the other distribution details are 89 spp., Quercus spp., Rosa spp., Salix spp., Tilia spp., Epirrita species. clouded by confusion Ulmus spp., Vaccinium spp.. with the other Epirrita species. 1 Lepidopter Geometridae Epirrita 1; 2; 3; Oligophagous: Calluna and Vaccinium myrtillus England: From Midlands northwards; Moorland Larva a (macro‐ filigrammaria 41; 42; Wales; Scotland moths) (Herrich‐ 50; 55; Schaffer) 57; 89 3 Lepidopter Geometridae Eupithecia 1; 42 Polyphagous: Flowers of a range of different plants British Isles: Throughout Frequents chalk Larvae feed a (macro‐ satyrata (Non‐ depending on habitat: Arctostaphylos uva‐ursi?, downland, heathland, on the moths) (Hubner) native) Calluna vulgaris, Centaurea nigra, Erica tetralix, fens, open woodland flowers of a (41; 50; Filipendula ulmaria, pilosella, Picea and rough ground. . range of 59; 89) sitchensis, Pinus contorta, Senecio jacobaea, Succisa different pretensis. plants, depending on the habitat Wingspan 21‐ 23mm 1 Lepidopter Geometridae Eupithecia 1; 3; 41; Polyphagous: Range of trees and plants, including Britain: Common and widespread Larva a (macro‐ vulgata 42; 52 ( Salix and Crataegus (15 spp listed in BRC). throughout moths) (Haworth) 50; 58; 59) 89 1 Lepidopter Geometridae Hydriomena 1; 2; 3; Polyphagous: Range including Calluna vulgaris, Britain: Common Hedgerows and Larva a (macro‐ furcata 41; 42; Corylus avellana, Picea spp., Pinus spp., Salix spp., woodland margins moths) (Thunberg) 50; 89 Vaccinium myrtillus Adult 1 Lepidopter Geometridae Idaea 1; 3; 41; Polyphagous: Polygonum spp. and Taraxacum agg. Britain: Widely distributed Open woodland and Larva a (macro‐ straminata 42 (43; mainly, also Calluna vulgaris, Cerastium spp., Galium throughout but relatively uncommon. scrubby heathland moths) (Borkhausen) 50) 89 spp., Lythrum salicaria, Ononis repens, Rumex Larva obtusifolius, Rubus fructicosus, Salix spp., Stellaria spp., Vaccinium myrtillus, Viola spp.. 1 Lepidopter Geometridae Jodis lactearia 1; 2; 3; Polyphagous: Range of trees and bushes (20 spp.), England, Wales and Ireland: Fairly Woodland areas, Larva a (macro‐ (L.) 42; 43; including Betula spp., Crataegus spp., Quercus spp., common moths) 50 (41; and Vaccinium myrtillus 56) 89 1 Lepidopter Geometridae Odontopera 1; 3; 41; Polyphagous: 29 species of trees, shrubs and England, Wales, Scotland, Ireland: Woodland, heaths and Larva a (macro‐ bidentata 42 (50; herbaceous. Moderately common suburban habitats moths) (Clerck) 55) 89

Host Conservation Phytopagous Order Family Species Evidence Host plant range UK range Habitat plant status Stage 1 Lepidopter Geometridae Perizoma 1; 3; 41; Polyphagous: Range of plants Calluna spp. and Salix British Isles: Fairly common Heath and moorland Larva a (macro‐ didymata (L.) 42; 50; spp. also Anemone nemorosa, Anthriscus sylvestris, throughout moths) 89 Chaerophyllum temulentum, Epilobium spp., Poaceae, Luzula spp., Mercurialis perennis, Oxalis acetosella, , Pinus contorta, vulgaris, Ranunculus ficaria, Saxifraga nivalis, Senecio spp., Silene dioica, Stellaria holostea, Stellaria media, Teucrium scorodonia, Vaccinium myrtillus 1 Lepidopter Geometridae Rheumaptera BAP 1; 3; 41; Oligophagous: Betula spp. and Myrica gale, also Salix Britain: widely scattered distribution, Damp moorland and Larva Adult a (macro‐ hastata (L.) 89 repens, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum although local; Scotland: commoner hillsides (Day flying) moths) 1 Lepidopter Geometridae Theria primaria 1; 3; 41; Oligophagous: Crataegus spp., Prunus spinosa and England, Wales, Ireland, South Woodland margins Larva a (macro‐ (Haworth) 42 (50) Prunus domestica , also V. myrtillus (only Ericaceae) Scotland: Quite common and hedgerows. moths) 89 1 Lepidopter Lasiocampida 1; 3; 43; Polyphagous: Calluna vulgaris and Vaccinium British Isles: Widespread throughout Southern lowlands Larva a (macro‐ e quercus (L.) 50 (41; myrtillus mainly, also Corylus avellana, Crataegus and moors, Northern moths) 42) 89 spp., Cytisus scoparius, Rubus spp., Salix spp., Prunus moors, and some spinosa, and Hippophae rhamnoides dunes and southern heaths. 1, 4 Lepidopter Lasiocampida Lasiocampa 1; 3; 43; Polyphagous: Calluna vulgaris and Vaccinium England: Shropshire northwards; Moorland Larvae a (macro‐ e quercus f. 50 (41; myrtillus mainly, but also Corylus avellana, Crataegus Wales mainly north; Scotland: moths) callunae 42) 89 spp., Cytisus scoparius, Hippophae rhamnoides, Widespread and frequent (Northern Prunus spinosa, Populus tremula, Rubus fruticosus, form of Lasiocampa quercus ( Salix spp. Eggar) with two‐year life cycle) 1 Lepidopter Lasiocampida Macrothylacia 1; 3; 42; Polyphagous: Calluna vulgaris and Rubus fruticosus, Britain: Well distributed, and Open woodland, Larva a (macro‐ e rubi (L.) 43; 50 also Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, Filipendula ulmaria, common in places. moors and commons moths) (41) 89 Fragaria vesca, Geranium sanguineum, Myrica gale, Polygonum aviculare, Rosa pimpinellifolia, Rubus fruticosus, Salix spp., Sanguisorba minor, Vaccinium myrtillus 1 Lepidopter Lasiocampida Trichiura BAP 1; 3; 41; Polyphagous: Range of plants and trees including England; Wales; Scotland Heathland and the Larva a (macro‐ e crataegi (L.) 42; 43; Prunus spinosa, Crataegus spp. as well as Vaccinium edges of woodland moths) 50; 89 myrtillus and Calluna vulgaris 1 Lepidopter Lymantriidae Orgyia antiqua 1; 3; 50; Polyphagous: Deciduous trees and shrubs including Britain: Fairly common, especially in Gardens, parks, open Larvae a (macro‐ (L.) 51; 69 Corylus avellana, Crataegus spp., Myrica gale, Prunus suburban habitats, but more so in woodland, fens, moths) spinosa, Quercus spp., Salix spp., Tilia spp., Ulmus England hedgerows, spp. Also Pteridium aquilinum heathland, moorland, scrub 1 Lepidopter Acronicta alni 1; 3; 41; Polyphagous: Trees, particularly and England and Wales: Thinly scattered Heaths, moors, damp Larva a (macro‐ (L.) 42; 50; Betula spp., also Acer spp., Corylus avellana, woodland moths) 61; 89 Crataegus spp., Populus spp., Prunus spp., Quercus spp., Rosa spp., Rubus spp., Salix spp., Sorbus spp., Ulmus spp., Vaccinium myrtillus

Host Conservation Phytopagous Order Family Species Evidence Host plant range UK range Habitat plant status Stage 1 Lepidopter Noctuidae Acronicta 1; 3; 41; Polyphagous: Moorland plants including Myrica gale England: Northern; Wales; Scotland; Acid moorland and Larva a (macro‐ menyanthidis 42; 50; and Vaccinium spp., also Betula spp., Calluna Ireland. damp heathland moths) (Esper) 89 vulgaris, Crataegus spp., Rubus spp., Salix spp. 1 Lepidopter Noctuidae Agrochola BAP 1; 3; 41; Polyphagous: Deciduous trees in the south, and England: commoner in the south: Moorland in the Larva a (macro‐ helvola (L.) 42; 50; mainly Calluna on the northern moors, also Betula Wales; Scotland; Ireland. north, woodland in moths) 61; 89 spp., Crataegus monogyna, Quercus spp., Salix spp., south Ulmus procera, Vaccinium myrtillus 1 Lepidopter Noctuidae Anaplectoides 1; 3; 41; Polyphagous: Lonicera spp. and Polygonum spp. Also Britain: Throughout, but commoner Locally distributed in Larva a (macro‐ prasina (Denis 42; 50; Primula spp., Rumex spp., Rubus spp., Salix spp., in Wales and England (South) deciduous woodland moths) & 51; 89 Vaccinium myrtillus Schiffermuller) 1 Lepidopter Noctuidae Aporophyla 1; 3; 50; Polyphagous: Calluna vulgaris, Lotus corniculatus, England: North; Wales; Scotland; Moorland and rough Larva a (macro‐ lueneburgensis 89 Poaceae, other woody and non‐woody plants Ireland: North grassland moths) (Freyer) 1 Lepidopter Noctuidae Autographa 1; 3; 41; Polyphagous: Wide range of herbaceous plants Britain: North, Widespread and fairly Occupying waste Larva a (macro‐ bractea (Denis 42; 50 including Anthriscus sylvestris, Chrysanthemum, common ground, gardens and moths) & Eupatorium cannabinum, Glechoma hederacea, moorland Schiffermuller) Hieracium pilosella, Lamium album, Lactuca sativa, Lonicera periclymenum, Plantago, Senecio vulgaris, Taraxacum officinale, dioica, Vaccinium myrtillus 1 Lepidopter Noctuidae Autographa 1; 3; 41; Polyphagous: Herbaceous plants including Britain: Fairly common and Inhabits gardens, Larva a (macro‐ pulchrina 42; 50; Anthriscus sylvestris, Geum urbanum, Heracleum widespread waste ground, and moths) (Haworth) 61; 89 sphondylium, Lamium album, Lamium purpureum, woodland areas Lonicera periclymenum, Senecio jacobea, Senecio vulgaris, Stachys sylvatica, , Urtica urens, Vaccinium myrtillus 1 Lepidopter Noctuidae Cerastis White‐ 1; 3; 41; Polyphagous: The larvae have not conclusively been England and Wales: Local Woodland: Larva a (macro‐ leucographa marked 42; 50; found in Britain, but have been reared in captivity on moths) (Denis & 51; 89 Quercus spp., Salix spp. and Vaccinium myrtillus and Schiffermuller) various herbaceous plants (Stellaria spp., Rumex spp. and Plantago spp.) 1 Lepidopter Noctuidae Cerastis 1; 3; 41; Polyphagous: Herbaceous plants such as Senecio Britain: Fairly common and widely Woodland in the Larva a (macro‐ rubricosa (Denis 42; 50; vulgaris and Galium spp. also Rumex spp., Stellaria distributed south, and wet moths) & 51; 89 spp., Taraxacum agg., Salix spp., Vaccinium myrtillus moorland in the north. Schiffermuller) 1, 2 Lepidopter Noctuidae Conistra vaccinii 1; 3; 41; Polyphagous: Range of trees, Betula spp. and British Isles: Widely distributed Woodland Larva a (macro‐ (L.) 42; 50; Quercus spp., also Acer pseudoplatanus, Clematis moths) 56; 61; vitalba, Crataegus spp., Prunus spinosa, Rumex spp., 89 Salix caprea, Ulmus procera, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium vitis‐idaea

Host Conservation Phytopagous Order Family Species Evidence Host plant range UK range Habitat plant status Stage 1 Lepidopter Noctuidae brunnea Purple Clay 1; 3; 41; Polyphagous: Herbaceous plants and shrubs ‐ Betula Britain: Quite common throughout Woodland Larva a (macro‐ (Denis & 42; 50; spp., Calluna vulgaris, Carpinus betulus, Digitalis moths) Schiffermuller) 51; 89 purpurea, Rubus spp., Rumex spp., Plantago spp., Salix spp., Vaccinium myrtillus 1 Lepidopter Noctuidae Diarsia dahlii Barred 1; 3; 41; Oligophagous: Betula spp. and Vaccinium myrtillus England: North; Wales North; Woodland and Larva a (macro‐ (Hubner) Chestnut 42; 50; also Crataegus spp., Rubus spp.,and Salix spp. Scotland: Widely distributed but moorland moths) 51; 89 local, scarce elsewhere and absent from most of southern England 1 Lepidopter Noctuidae Diarsia mendica 1; 3; 41; Polyphagous: Shrubs and plants, including Rubus Britain: Common throughout Woodland and Larva a (macro‐ (F.) 42; 50; spp. and Vaccinium myrtillus, also Betula, Calluna moorland moths) 51; 89 vulgaris, Corylus avellana, Crataegus monogyna, Erica spp., Lonicera periclymenum, Polygonum aviculare, Primula vulgaris, Prunus spinosa, Rubus fruticosus, , Salix caprea, Vaccinium myrtillus, Viola spp. 1, 2, 3 Lepidopter Noctuidae rectilinea 1; 3; 41; Oligophagous: Arctostaphylos uva‐ursi, Rubus England: Cumbria; Scotland: central Moorland Larva a (macro‐ (Esper) 42; 50; fruticosus and Salix spp., also , and northern, local moths) 61; 89 Vaccinium myrtillus and Vaccinium vitis‐idaea 1 Lepidopter Noctuidae Orthosia 1; 3; 41; Polyphagous: Trees, shrubs and herbaceous plants British Isles: Common throughout Occurring in almost Larva a (macro‐ gothica (L.) 42; 50; (22 spp. recorded) any habitat moths) 51; 89 1 Lepidopter Noctuidae Polia 1; 3; 41; Olighophagous: Betula spp. and Myrica gale, also England: Scattered distribution, Woodland and Larva a (macro‐ trimaculosa 42; 50; Crataegus, Lonicera periclymenum, Salix spp., commonest on heaths of Hants, heathland, moths) (Esper) 51; 89 Vaccinium myrtillus Sussex & Surey, Shropshire, Staffs & Cheshire; Scotland: Central 1, 2 Lepidopter Noctuidae baja 1; 3; 41; Polyphagous: Myrica gale, Rubus spp. and other British Isles: Common throughout Woodland and Larva a (macro‐ (Denis & 42; 50; plants and trees (Betula spp., Carpinus betulus, heathland moths) Schiffermuller) 51; 89 Crataegus monogyna, Rosa spp., Rumex spp., Salix spp., Urtica dioica, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium vitis‐idaea, Prunus spinosa) 1 Lepidopter Noctuidae Xestia c‐nigrum 1; 3; 41; Polyphagous: Variety of herbaceous plants, but Britain: Widely distributed Most abundant in Larva a (macro‐ (L.) 51; 89 especially Urtica spp. also Arctium lappa, Beta throughout, sometimes commonly. cultivated areas moths) vulgaris, Epilobium, Lamium album, Plantago spp., including gardens Rumex spp., Senecio vulgaris, Stellaria media, Verbascum spp., also Vaccinium myrtillus 1 Lepidopter Oecophorida Dasystoma 1; 3; 67; Polyphagous: Betula spp., Filipendula ulmaria, England: Widespread, but local and Larva a (micro‐ e salicella 71; 89 Myrica gale, Prunus spinosa, anserina, scarce. South ranging north to moths) (Hubner) Rubus fructicosus, , Salix spp. and Durham and Northumberland; Wales: Vaccinium spp. Widespread, but local and scarce; Scotland: Very scarce. 1 Lepidopter Oecophorida Diurnea lipsiella 1; 3; 67; Oligophagous: Quercus spp. and Vaccinium myrtillus England and Wales: Locally but Larva a (micro‐ e (Denis & 69; 89 are the preferred larval foodplants in this country. widely distributed moths) Schiffermuller) Also Alnus glutinosa, Betula, Fagus sylvatica, Geum, Populus tremula, Prunus, Rosa, Rubus, Tilia cordata

Host Conservation Phytopagous Order Family Species Evidence Host plant range UK range Habitat plant status Stage 1 Lepidopter Pyla fusca 2; 3; 65; Oligophagous: Erica spp. (92) and possibly Vaccinium British Isles: Throughout Heathland and Larva a (micro‐ (Haworth, 66; 69; myrtillus (65) moorland also coastal moths) 1811) 89; 92 1, 2 Lepidopter Acleris 1; 2; 3; Polyphagous: Herbaceous plants such as Alchemilla England: Derbyshire (Penines), High moorland, Larva a (micro‐ caledoniana 65; 66; alpine, Myrica gale, Pinus contorta, Potentilla spp., Cumbria, N. Wales, Scotland (Moray, inhabiting mountain moths) (Stephens) 89 Rubus chamaemorus, Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium Aberdeen shire) bogs and similar vitis‐idaea habitats. It is most frequent in Scotland, northern England (Peak district and Cumbria) and North Wales, but occurs elsewhere in suitable habitat 1 Lepidopter Tortricidae Aphelia 3; 69; 89 Polyphagous: Vaccinium vitis‐idaea. Also Vaccinium England: Cornwall, Hants, Wilts, Moorland habitats, Larva a (micro‐ viburnana myrtillus, Erica, Myrica, Salix, Potentilla, Lythrum, Essex, Norfolk, Suffolk, West the Thames saltings moths) (Denis & Lonicera, Spiraea, Helianthemum, Pastinacea, Midlands, Cumbria, North Yorkshire; Schiffermüller) Teucrium, Centaurea, Aster, Artemisia, Dryas etc. Wales: Gwynedd, Conwy, Anglesey, Powys, Swansea, Glamorgan; Scotland: Highland, Argyll & Bute, Aberdeenshire, Moray 1, 2, 4 Lepidopter Tortricidae Argyrotaenia 1; 3; 65; Polyphagous: Moorland plants including Calluna Britain: Common throughout in Heaths and moors Larvae a (micro‐ ljungiana 66; 69 vulgaris, Myrica gale and Vaccinium spp. as well as suitable habitat moths) (Thunberg) various trees 1 Lepidopter Tortricidae vulgana 3; 69; 89 Polyphagous: Woodland trees and shrubs, including England: Cornwall, Devon, Somerset, Woodland Larva a (micro‐ (Frölich, 1828) Alnus spp., Sorbus spp. and Vaccinium myrtillus. Wilts, Dorset, Hants, Surrey, Sussex, moths) suffolk, Gloucs, Worcs, Staffs; Wales: Gwynedd, Conwy, Anglesey, Wrexham, Swansea, Glamorgan 1 Lepidopter Tortricidae Clepsis 1; 3; 65 ; Oligophagous: Number of plants in the chosen England (North), Wales and Scotland: High ground Larva a (micro‐ senecionana 66; 69; habitat, including Vaccinium myrtillus and Myrica Local moths) (Hubner) 70; 89 gale plus occasional conifer seedlings of Larix, Pinus and Picea 1 Lepidopter Tortricidae ministrana 1; 3; 65; Polyphagous: Deciduous Trees and shrubs including Britain: Moderately common Mainly woodland, Larva a (micro‐ (L.) 66; 69; Vaccinium myrtillus moths) 89 1, 2, 4 Lepidopter Tortricidae Exapate 1; 3; 65; Polyphagous: Shrubs and herbaceous plants ‐ Calluna England: patchily distributed ‐ (Only Hedgerows in the Larvae a (micro‐ congelatella 69 vulgaris, Crataegus spp., Erica spp., Ligustrum spp., 16 10 km squares) Wilts, Staffs, south, moorland moths) (Clerck) Potentilla spp., Rhamnus spp., Rubus spp., Salix spp., Worcs, Derbys, Cumbria; Wales: further north Vaccinium spp. (Only 7 10 km squares) Gwynedd, Conwy, Anglesey; Scotland: (Only 6 10 km squares) Higland, Moray, Aberdeenshire, Moray

Host Conservation Phytopagous Order Family Species Evidence Host plant range UK range Habitat plant status Stage 1, 4 Lepidopter Tortricidae Exapate 1; 3; 65; Polyphagous: Shrubs and herbaceous plants ‐ Calluna England: patchily distributed ‐ (Only Hedgerows in the Larvae a (micro‐ congelatella 69 vulgaris, Crataegus spp., Erica spp., Ligustrum spp., 16 10 km squares) Wilts, Staffs, south, moorland moths) (Clerck) Rhamnus spp., Rubus spp., Salix spp., Potentilla spp., worcs, Derbys, Cumbria; Wales: (Only further north Vaccinium spp. 7 10 km squares) Gwynedd, Conwy, Anglesey; Scotland: (Only 6 10 km squares) Higland, Moray, Aberdeenshire, Moray 1 Lepidopter Tortricidae Orthotaenia 3; 69; 89 Polyphagous: Marked association with Vaccinium England: Cornwall, Devon, Somerset, Woodlands, dunes Larvae a (micro‐ undulana (Denis myrtillus on moors. Also feed on Acer campestre, Hants, Wilts, Surrey, Kent, Norfolk, and moors moths) & Alnus spp., Betula spp., Epilobium spp., Hippophae Suffolk, West Midlands, Cumbria, Schiffermüller) rhamnoides, Juniperus communis, Lonicera spp., North Yorkshire; Wales: Gwynedd, Lycopus spp., Myrica gale, Pinus spp., Ribes spp., Conwy, Anglesey, Wrexham, Rubus spp., Salix spp., Teucrium scorodonia, Ulmus Ceredigion, Swansea, Glamorgan; spp., Urtica spp., Veronica spp. Scotland: Highland, Angus, Aberdeenshire, Moray 1 Lepidopter Tortricidae Pandemis 3; 69; 89 Polyphagous: Deciduous trees, including fruit trees, Britain: Common species throughout Gardens, orchards and Larvae a (micro‐ cerasana Acer, Alnus, Betula, Corylus, Quercus, Salix, Sorbus, other woodland areas moths) (Hübner, 1786) Tilia and Ulmus. Also on Vaccinium and Lysimachia 1 Lepidopter Tortricidae 3; 69; 89 Polyphagous: range of plants and shrubs, their leaves England: (Only twelve 10 km squares) Wild uncultivated Larvae a (micro‐ gerningana and flowers, including , Teucrium Shropshire, Staffs, Derbys, Norfolk, places, often, but not moths) (Denis & scorodonia and (BTS) Potentilla, Helianthemum, Cumbria, Northumberland; Wales: always, upland, Schiffermüller) Vaccinium, Armeria and Picea. (Only twelve 10 km squares) including bogs, acid Glamorgan, Powys, Gwynedd, Conwy, heaths and limestone Denbigh; Scotland: (Only Seven 10 km outcrops. squares) Aberdeenshire, Highland 1, 4 Lepidopter Tortricidae Philedonides 1; 3; 65; Polyphagous: wide variety of moorland plants, England: (Only 5 10 km squares) Heath and moorland Larvae a (micro‐ lunana 69 including Calluna vulgaris, Erica spp., Vaccinium spp., Derby, Staffs, Shropshire, ; Wales: moths) (Thunberg) Myrica gale (Only 5 10 km squares) Conwy, Denbighshire, Gwynedd, Wrexham; Scotland: (Only 2 10 km squares) Highland, Isle of Rhum 1 Lepidopter Tortricidae Rhopobota 1; 2; 3; Polyphagous: Trees and shrubs especially Ilex British Isles: Common species Wide variety of Larva a (micro‐ naevana 65 (66) aquifolium, also Prunus spinosa and Vaccinium throughout habitats moths) (Hubner) 89 myrtillus 1 Lepidopter Tortricidae Choristoneura 3; 69; 89 Polyphagous: Deciduous trees and other plants, for England: Devon, Dorset, Hants, Wilts, Light woodland Larvae a (micro‐ hebenstreitella example Betula spp., Hedera helix, Quercus spp., Surrey Sussex, Kent, East Anglia, moths) Salix spp. and Vaccinium myrtillus Beds, Northants, Gloucs, Warks, Staffs, Cumbria; Wales: (Seven 10 km squares)Gwynedd, Conwy, Denbigh 3, 4 Thysanopte Thripidae Ceratothrips No info Oligophagous: Calluna vulgaris and Erica spp. UK/Ireland Heathland Larvae ra ericae on NBN; 106; 171; 172

Table 2 Fungi with plant hosts that include Vaccinium myrtillus (1) and Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (3) found in England and/or Wales.

Host Conservation Part of plant Order Family Species Evidence Host plant range UK range Habitat plant status attacked 1 Agaricales Cortinarius 93; 98 Polyphagous: Vaccinium myrtillus, Fagus, Quercus Britain: Throughout, commoner in S.E. Live root is Cortinariac bolaris England ectomycorrhizal eae host of fruitbody 1 Agaricales Tricholoma Mycena rorida 98; 180; Polyphagous: Betula spp., Calluna vulgaris, Carpinus, England; Throughout especially west taceae 183 Corylus avellana, Fagus sylvatica, Fraxinus excelsior, midlands and Southeast; Wales: Pinus sylvestris, Pteridium aquilinum, Quercus robur, Gwynedd, Anglesey, Pembroke, Quercus spp., Rubus fruticosus, Rubus spp., Carmarthen, Swansea; Scotland: Sambucus nigra, Ulex europaeus, Urtica dioica, Throughout, commonest in Highland Vaccinium spp. 1 Capnodiales Mycosphae Mycosphaerella 98; 180; Monophagous: Vaccinium myrtillus (Laurus nobilis) England: (Three 10 km records) Cornwall, rellaceae vaccinii (Cooke) 183 Hants, Surrey; Scotland: (Three 10 km J. Schrot. records) Highland 1 Helotiales Sclerotiniac Monilinia 98; 180; Monophagous: Vaccinium myrtillus England: (Six 10 km records) Hants, eae baccarum (J. 183 Herefordshire, Gloucs, Leics, N. Yorks; Schröt.) Wales: (One 10 km record) Whetzel Monmouthshire; Scotland: (Two 10 km records) Highland 1 Pleosporales Venturiace Protoventuria 98; 180; Oligophagous: Andromeda planifolia, Vaccinium England: Warks, Yorks; Scotland: ae myrtilli (Cooke) 183 myrtillus, Vaccinium uliginosum Highland, Stirling M.E. Barr 1 Pucciniales Pucciniastr Naohidemyces 98; 180; Oligophagous: Vaccinium oxycoccus, Vaccinium England: Cornwall, Devon, Somerset, aceae vacciniorum (J. 183 myrtillus, Vaccinium vitis‐idaea Hants, Surrey, Sussex, Gloucs, Schröt.) Herefordshire, Derbys, Yorks, Lancs, Spooner Cumbria, County Durham, Northumberland; Scotland: Dumfries & Galloway, Scottish Borders, Lothian, Argyll & Bute, Perth & Kinross, Highland 3 Agaricales Cortinariac Cortinarius 93; 98 Polyphagous: Broad‐leaved tree roots England: (Ten 10 km records) Devon, live root is eae venetus Hants, Wilts, Gloucs, Cambs, Lancs; ectomycorrhizal Wales: (One 10 km records) Anglesey; host of Scotland: (Three 10 km records) Highlands fruitbody 3 Thelephorales Thelephora Thelephora 98; 183 Polyphagous: Arctostaphylos uva‐ursi, Dryas England: Devon, Hants, Surrey, ceae caryophyllea octopetala, Fagus sylvatica, Pinus sylvestris, Salix Oxfordshire, Suffolk, Herefodshire, Worcs, (Schaeff.) Pers. spp. Shropshire, Derbys, Lincs, Yorks, County Durham; Wales: swansea, Carmarthenshire; Scotland: Highland, Moray

Table 3 Pollinators with plant hosts that include Vaccinium myrtillus (1), Vaccinium vitis-idaea (2) and Calluna vulgaris (4) found in England and/or Wales.

Host Order Family Species BAP status Evidence Host plant range UK range Habitat Parasites plant 1 Hymenoptera Andrenid Andrena fulva 89; 163; Polyphagous: Wide range including Fagus England; Wales: Throughout Open grasslands, including Cleptoparasites: ae 180 sylvatica, Prunus spinosa, Ranunculus spp., much of lowland areas; Scotland: chalk downland, pastures, Nomada panzeri and Alliaria petiolata, Ribes sp., Crataegus Sporadic parks and private gardens; N. signata monogyna, Ilex aquifolium, Acer campestre, occasionally open Ot her inquilines: ‐ Quercus spp., Prunus spp., Salix spp., Acer woodland fly Bombylius major, pseudoplatanus and Viburnum lantana the anthomyiid fly Leucophora obtuse, also In some sites it is stylopized by Stylops melittae. 1, 2 Hymenoptera Apidae Bombus 89; 170; Polyphagous: Many species with complex or England; Wales; Scotland: Found in many habitats Parasite: Bombus hortorum 180 long corollae, and particularly Digitalis widespread, but not frequent in barbutellus purpurea, Lamium spp. and Trifolium any particular area pratense 1, 2, 4 Hymenoptera Apidae Bombus 89; 170; Polyphagous: Very wide variety of flowers England; Wales; Scotland: Found Wide range of habitats are Parasite: Bombus lucorum 180; 184 throughout but more frequent used, regular garden bohemicus towards north species 1, 2 Hymenoptera Apidae Bombus 89; 98; 163; Polyphagous: Preference for flowers of the England; Wales; Scotland: Found Wide range of habitats are Parasite: Bombus pascuorum 170; 180; Fabaceae, Scrophulariacae, Lamiaceae and throughout used, providing suitable campestris 184 red‐flowered pollen and nectar sources are available throughout the life of the colony 1 Hymenoptera Apidae Bombus 89; 162; Ployphagous: Flowers of rosaceous plants England; Wales; Scotland: Found Strongly associated with Parasite: Bombus pratorum 170; 180 such as Prunus spinosa, Rubus fruticosus throughout gardens and woodland sylvestris and R. idaeus are especially popular habitats, may also occur on open grasslands, heath and moorland 1 Hymenoptera Apidae Bombus 89; 162; Polyphagous: only visited for nectar as is England; Wales; Scotland: Open grasslands, sylvestris 170; 180 parasitic on B. pratorum Distributed widely throughout, woodland habitats, heath but is rarely common and moorland 1 Hymenoptera Apidae Bombus 89; 170; Polyphagous: Very wide variety England; Wales: Common and Many habitats and regular Parasite: Bombus terrestris 180; 184 very widespread; Scotland: garden species, vestalis generally scarce 1 Hymenoptera Apidae Nomada panzer 89; 163; Polypahgous: England: Widespread and Open grasslands, including 180 commonest in Southeast, West chalk downland, pastures, Midlands and Yorkshire; Wales; parks and private gardens; Coastal north and south; occasionally open Scotland: very dispersed woodland wherever host Andrena armata is common

Host Order Family Species BAP status Evidence Host plant range UK range Habitat Parasites plant 1, 2 Hymenoptera Vespidae Dolichovespula 177; 180; Polyphagous: Salix spp. in spring, and England; Wales; Scotland: Most habitats norvegica (Fab.) 185 summer on Scrophularia spp. and Apiaceae Common, widely distributed including Daucus carota and Pastinaca throughout, most abundant in sativa, and Vaccinium myrtillus and south‐west and northern England Vaccinium vitis‐idaea and Scotland 1 Hymenoptera Vespidae Dolichovespula 185 Polyphagous: Angelica sylvestris, Pastinaca England: First collected in 1987, Widespread on saxonica (Fab.) sativa, Rubus fruticosus, Rubus spp., now spread to Norfolk, Greater heathlands, also urban Vaccinium myrtillus, London, Surrey, Sussex and areas Hants. 1, 2 Hymenoptera Vespidae Dolichovespula 177; 180; Polyphagous: Including Heracleum England; Wales; Scotland: Almost all habitats and sylvestris 185 sphondylium, Daucus carota, Foeniculum Common, widely distributed sometimes very common (Scop.) vulgare, Pastinaca sativa, Vaccinium throughout in gardens in built‐up areas myrtillus, Vaccinium vitis‐idaea 1 Hymenoptera Vespidae Vespula rufa 89; 98; 159; Polyphagous: Principal food of the larvae is England; Wales; Scotland: Locally Open situations, Social parasite: 180; 185 usually and spiders common, found throughout associated with dry soils, Vespula austriaca eg open woodlands, heathlands, moorland, chalk grasslands, and hedge banks , less commonly in urban situations

Table 4 Bird species that are found in England and Wales whose survival may not be threatened by the loss of Vaccinium myrtillus (1) and Vaccinium vitis-idaea (2).

Host Common BAP Species Evidence Host plant range UK range Habitat plant Order Family Name status 1, 2 Galliformes Tetraonid Perdix perdix Partridge, BAP 177; 192 Polyphagous: Leaves (Poaceae, cereals, Trifolium England: Throughout except for parts of Arable farmland, ae Grey spp.), weed seeds, cereal grain, Vaccinium Cornwall and Cumbria; Wales: Anglesey, pasture, moorland, myrtillus berries, chicks fed on insects (esp in first Gwynedd and extreme east; Scotland: heathland 2 weeks) Throughout except western Highland and Argyll & Bute 1, 2 Galliformes Tetraonid Phasianus Pheasant 177; 193 Polyphagous: Omnivorous (seeds, berries, leaves, England; Wales; Scotland: Throughout Arable Farmland, also ae colchicus roots, small ) except north‐west Scotland common in Deciduous Wood, and found in Scrub, Pastureland

Table 5 Polyphagous insect species found in England and/or Wales with plant hosts that include Calluna vulgaris.

Order Family Species BAP status Evidence Host plant range UK range Habitat Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Altica oleracea 1; 4; 103; Polyphagous: Buxus sempervirens, Betula spp., Calluna England: Common and widespread except (L.) 117; 118; 119 vulgaris, Carpinus betulus, Chamerion angustifolium, East Midlands, North‐east and South‐west; (European); Circaea spp., Convolvulus arvensis, Epilobium spp., Erica Wales: North ‐west and South‐west; 122; 123 spp., Helianthemum spp., Lotus corniculatus, Lythrum spp., Scotland: E. Lowlands and E. Highlands Oenothera spp., Potentilla spp., Quercus spp., Rumex spp., Reseda spp., Thymus spp., (Fuchsia spp.) Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Altica palustris 1; 4; 118; 119 Polyphagous: Calluna vulgaris, Circaea lutetiana, Epilobium England: Common and widespread except Weise (European); spp., Euphrasia spp., Filago spp., Filipendula ulmaria, North‐east; Wales: North ‐west and South‐ 121; 123 Fragaria spp., Lythrum salicaria, Prunus spp., Vicia spp., west; Scotland: (Thirteen 10 km records) (Fuchsia spp.) Scattered E. Lowlands and E. Highlands Coleoptera Chrysomelidae Luperus 1; 4; 117; 119 Polyphagous: Alnus spp., Betula spp., Calluna vulgaris, England, Wales, Scotland: Widespread longicornis (F.) (European); Corylus avellana, Crataegus spp., Carpinus betulus, Malus throughout in suitable habitat 122 spp., Populus spp., Prunus spp., Pyrus spp., Quercus spp., Rubus spp., Salix spp., Ulmus spp. Coleoptera Curculionidae Acalles 1; 105; 117; Polyphagous: Bryophyta, Calluna vulgaris, Fagus sylvatica, England: Limited to Dorset, Hants, Surrey, ptinoides 118; 124 Pinus sylvestris, Quercus spp. Sussex, Kent, and Cumbria, very scattered (Marsham) (European); elsewhere; Wales: Throughout except 127 North‐east Coleoptera Elateridae Ampedus 1; 98; 103; Polyphagous: Alnus spp., Betula spp., Calluna vulgaris, England: (Nineteen 10 km records) Limited sanguinolentus 117; 118; 130 Corylus avellana, Pinus sylvestris, Populus spp., Quercus to Hants, Surrey, Sussex, Kent, Lincs (Schrank) (European) spp., Salix spp., Tilia spp., Urtica dioica Hemiptera Anthocoridae Orius niger 89; 98; 142 Predatory England: Dorset, Hants, Surrey, Sussex, Common on low plants London, Bucks, Essex, Suffolk, Cambs, (especially on heaths) Gloucs, Shropshire, Yorks, Cumbria; Wales: (Five 10 km records) Glamorgan. Hemiptera Miridae pratensis RDB 3 ‐ Rare 1; 9; 98; 137; Polyphagous: Calluna vulgaris, Other species (137); England: (Twenty‐one 10 km records) Previously scarce and (‐ (L.) 142 Artemisia spp. (European). This is one of the most Somerset, Surrey, Sussex, Kent, Norfolk, confined to southern bugs) problematic mirid groups to identify. The five UK species Cambs, Worcs ‐Previously scarce, has heaths, this bug has can overlap considerably in colour, markings and size; some recently undergone a dramatic range recently undergone a specimens cannot be determined. Lygus maritimus Local, expansion. It is now widespread throughout dramatic range expansion. RDB3, Lygus punctatus Nationally scarce B, much of southern Britain and is much It is now widespread Lygus rugulipennis Very common, Lygus wagneri Widely commoner than its RDB3 status suggests throughout much of scattered southern Britain and is much commoner than its RDB3 status suggests (142) Hemiptera Miridae Systellonotus NSB 1; 9; 98; 142 Polyphagous: Calluna vulgaris, Festuca ovina, Potentilla England: (Twenty 10 km records) IOW, Open dry habitats, where (Heteroptera‐ triguttatus (L.) erecta, Salix repens Surrey, Sussex, Kent, Norfolk, Calderdale; it is associated with ants. bugs) Wales: (One 10 km record) Carmarthenshire

Order Family Species BAP status Evidence Host plant range UK range Habitat Hemiptera Nabidae Nabis 98; 142 Predatory but associated with Calluna vulgaris England: Gloucs, Dorset, Surrey, Sussex, Usually associated with (Heteroptera‐ ericetorum Essex, Suffolk, Worcs, Cumbria; Wales: heathland and found bugs) (Fifteen 10 km records) Anglesey, Gwynedd, amongst Calluna vulgaris Powys, Ceredigion, Swansea, Carmarthenshire, Pembrokeshire, Rhondda; Scotland: (Thirteen 10 km records) Dumfries and Galloway, Highland Hemiptera Pentatomidae Rhacognathus 98; 142 Predatory species, feeding mainly on larvae of the Heather England: Cornwall, Hants, Surrey, Berks, Heathland and scarce (Heteroptera‐ punctatus suturalis Kent, Suffolk, Cambs, Lincs, Yorks, Staffs, where it occurs, this bug bugs) Cumbria; Wales (Seven 10 km records) usually prefers damper Anglesey, Powys, Ceredigion, Swansea, areas containing Carmarthenshire, Pembrokeshire; Scotland: Sphagnum moss and (Four 10 km records) Dumfries and Galloway mixed vegetation at the margins Hemiptera Diaspididae Diaspidiotus 152; 154 Polyphagous: Woody plants, especially Rosaceae. Recorded England: Locally common in south (Sternorrhyncha ostreaeformis on Calluna vulgaris and Vaccinium uliginosum. ‐ scales) (Curtis, 1843) Hemiptera Eriococcidae Eriococcus 1; 15; 138 ** Polyphagous: Calluna vulgaris, Deschampsia spp., Festuca England: Peninsula, Thames, Humber, Tyne Stems ‐ Larvae, adults (Sternorrhyncha inermis Green spp. (15; 138) ‐ scales) Hemiptera Eriococcidae Eriococcus 138 Polyphagous: Hosts include Calluna vulgaris. Britain: Rarely recorded (Sternorrhyncha munroi (154)) ‐ scales) (Boratynski, 1962) Hemiptera Ortheziidae Ortheziola 150 Polyphagous: Host include Calluna vulgaris Britain: Rarely recorded Wide range (Sternorrhyncha vejdovskyi Šulc, ‐ scales) 1895 Hemiptera Pseudococcidae Dysmicoccus 150 Polypahgous: Poaceae, but also recorded on Calluna Britain: Rarely recorded (Sternorrhyncha walkeri vulgaris ‐ scales) (Newstead, 1891) Hemiptera Pseudococcidae Phenacoccus 150 Polyphagous: Woody plants. Recorded on Calluna vulgaris. Britain: Common throughout (Sternorrhyncha aceris (Signoret) ‐ scales) Hemiptera Pseudococcidae Rhizoecus 151 Polyphagous: Roots of woody plants. Recorded on Calluna Britain: Occurs widely but rarely recorded (Sternorrhyncha dianthi Green, vulgaris. ‐ scales) 1926 Hemiptera Pseudococcidae Ripersiella 151 Polyphagous: Roots of woody plants. Recorded on Calluna Britain: Occurs widely but rarely recorded (Sternorrhyncha halophila vulgaris. ‐ scales) (Hardy, 1868) Lycaenidae Celastrina 1; 91; 144 Oligophagous: Ilex aquifolium (Spring generation), and England; Wales:Widespread over much of Wide range, including (butterflies) argiolus (L.) Hedera helix (summer generation) also use a wide variety lowland, but undergoes large fluctuations in hedgerows, field margins, of other wild and garden plants including Euonymus numbers from year to year. Expanded woodland rides, gardens, europaeus, Cornus spp., Symphoricarpos spp., Ulex spp., northwards in recent years and has and parks, including those Rubus fruticosus colonized parts of midland and northern in urban and suburban England areas Larvae

Order Family Species BAP status Evidence Host plant range UK range Habitat Lepidoptera Arctiidae Diacrisia sannio 1; 3; 41; 42; Polyphagous: Calluna vulgaris, Erica cinerea, Erica tetralix, England; Wales; Scotland: Locally fairly Heathland, moorland, and (macro‐moths) (L.) 50; 51 Hieracium pilosella, Myrica gale, Plantago lanceolata, common throughout in suitable habitat similar rough habitats Plantago major, , Rumex obtusifolius, Stellaria media, Succisa pratensis, Taraxacum officinale, Viola canina, Viola riviniana Lepidoptera Arctiidae Phragmatobia 1; 3; 41; 42; Polyphagous: Herbaceous plants England; Wales; Scotland: Fairly widespread (macro‐moths) fuliginosa (L.) 50; 146 throughout, common in places Most open habitats Larvae including downland, heathland moorland, sand‐ dunes Lepidoptera Geometridae Abraxas 1; 3; 41; 42; Polyphagos: Prunus spinosa, Crataegus spp., Corylus England and Wales: Throughout lowland Most abundant on (macro‐moths) grossulariata 50; 69 avellana, Ribes spp., Ligustrum ovalifolium, Rubus often at low density. Scotland: lowland and northern heather moors. (L.) fruticosus, Euonymus europaeus, Calluna vulgaris (N. most abundant in north‐west and north Fairly frequent in gardens, Scotland) allotments, hedgerows and woodland Lepidoptera Geometridae Agriopis 1; 3, 50; 69; Polyphagous: Deciduous trees: Quercus spp., Crataegus England and Wales: distributed widely; Woodland (most (macro‐moths) marginaria (F.) 89; spp., Prunus spinosa, Betula sp., Corylus avellana, Salix spp., Scotland; less widespread abundant), hedgerows, Ulmus spp., Acer campestre, Acer pseudoplatanus, gardens heathland, moorland and bushy places Lepidoptera Geometridae Angerona 1; 3; 41; 42; Polyphagous: Many woody broadleaved plants including England: Locally distributed from Cornwall Mature broadleaved (macro‐moths) prunaria (L.) 50; 69 Prunus spinosa, Crataegus spp., Betula spp., Calluna to Suffolk with a few populations to the woodland particularly on vulgaris, Cytisus spp., Lonicera periclymenum, Clematis north of this ; Wales: Monmouthshire esp. clay also wooded vitalba Wye Valley heathland, scrub, ancient hedgerows Lepidoptera Geometridae Charissa 1; 3; 50; 69 Polyphagous: Silene uniflora, , Britain: Fairly widespread throughout in Heathland, dry stony areas (macro‐moths) obscurata ([D.& Helianthemum nummularium, also Lotus corniculatus, suitable habitats. and coastal locations S.]) Anthyllis vulneraria, Potentilla reptans, Fragaria vesca, Sanguisorba minor, Thymus serpyllum, Geranium lucidum, Calluna vulgaris Lepidoptera Geometridae Eulithis testata 1; 3; 41; 42; Polyphagous: Salix cinerea, Salix caprea, Salix repens, England, Wales and Scotland: Well Moorland, scrubby upland (macro‐moths) (L.) 43; 50; 69 Populus tremula and Betula pendula & spp., also Corylus distributed and frequent throughout in grassland, also lowland avellana, Calluna vulgaris, Rosa spp., Sorbus aucuparia regions with moorland or heathland, less heathland, open frequent elsewhere woodland, fens, marshes, dune‐slacks Lepidoptera Geometridae Eupithecia 1; 3; 41; 42; Polyphagous: Flowers of a range of plants ‐ Hieracium spp., England: Northumbria (fairly well Most abundant on (macro‐moths) satyrata 50 Filipendula ulmaria, Calluna vulgaris, Erica tetralix, Knautia distributed and locally frequent), rest ‐ moorland and upland (Hubner) spp., Senecio spp., Centaurea spp., Succisa pretensis. Also widespread but very local; Wales: grassland but found in soft young shoots of Picea sitchensis & Pinus contorta widespread but very local; Scotland: most upland areas. Very Mainland, inner Hebrides, Orkney local and scarce in the lowlands (Heathland, chalk downland, fens, open woodland)

Order Family Species BAP status Evidence Host plant range UK range Habitat Lepidoptera Geometridae Eupithecia 1; 3; 41; 50; Polyphagous: Flowers and leaves of many herbaceous and England; Wales; Scotland: Common and Gardens, hedgerows, (macro‐moths) subfuscata 59 woody broadleaved plants. Frequent on Prunus spinosa, widespread throughout scruib, heathland, (Haworth) Crataegus spp., Berberis vulgaris, Salix spp., Populus downland, woodland, and tremula. Also Calluna vulgaris, Senecio spp., Centaurea wetland in many locations spp., Achillea millefolium, Stachys officinalis, Pimpinella from coastal to uplands saxifraga, Eupatorium cannabinum, rotundifolia, Angelica sylvestris, Artemisia vulgaris Lepidoptera Geometridae Gymnoscelis 1; 3; 41; 42; Polyphagous: Flowers of a range of plants ‐ Calluna England; Wales; Scotland: Common and Urban parks, gardens, (macro‐moths) rufifasciata 50; 58; 59 vulgaris, Cytisus scoparius, Hedera helix, Ilex aquifolium, widespread over much of the area hedgerows, verges, (Haworth) Ulex europaeus, Sorbus aucuparia, also Aster tripolium, heathland, moorland and Clematis vitalba, Origanum vulgare, Senecio spp. woodland Lepidoptera Geometridae Operophtera 1; 3; 147; 148 Polyphagous: Deciduous trees and shrubs, including Acer England; Wales; Scotland: Common, well Trees and shrubs except at (macro‐moths) brumata (L.) platanoides, Betula spp., Corylus avellana, Crataegus spp., distributed and abundant throughout. high altitude Prunus spinosa, Quercus spp., Salix spp., also Calluna vulgaris and Myrica gale. Recently from Picea sitchensis and Pinus contorta Lepidoptera Geometridae Perconia 1; 2; 41; 42; Polyphagous: Calluna vulgaris and Erica cinerea as well as England: Locally common in Dorset, Lowland heaths, heathy (macro‐moths) strigillaria 50; 69 Cytisus scoparius, Genista anglica and Ulex spp. Hampshire, Surrey, Berkshire, also Sussex, commons (Surrey) as well (Hubner) Cornwall, Devon and then much more thinly as open woodland with distibuted and very local over the rest; heathy chracter Wales: Glamorgan, Ceredigion, Gwynedd; scotland: thinly scattered in lowland Lepidoptera Lasiocampa 1; 3; 41; 42; Polyphagous: Anthyllis vulneraria, Armeria maritima, England: Rather local ‐ Cornwall, Devon, Coastal sand hills Larvae (macro‐moths) trifolii (Denis & 43; 50; 69 Calluna vulgaris, Cytisus scoparius, Limonium vulgare, Lotus Hampshire, Sussex, Kent, Lancashire, Schiffermuller) corniculatus, Lupinus arboreus, Melilotus officinalis, Ononis Cumbria; Wales: Rather local ‐ spinosa, Ornithopus perpusillus, Rubus fructicosus, Salix Carmathenshire, Glamorgan caprea, Salix repens, Salix reticulata, Trifolium pratense, Trifolium repens, Ulex europaeus, Vicia sativa Lepidoptera Lymantriidae Dicallomera 1; 42; 50; 51; Polyphagous: Calluna vulgaris and Cytisus scoparia also England: Primarily Hampshire, Surrey, Moorland and coastal (macro‐moths) fascelina (L.) 69 Rubus fruticosus, Salix repens, S. caprea and Ulex Sussex, Kent, Lancashire, Northumberland; species, inhabiting europaeus Scotland: Dumfries and Galloway, Borders, heathland, sand‐hills and Stirling, Perth and Kinross, Angus, shingle beaches Aberdeenshire, Highland Lepidoptera Lymantriidae Orgyia recens females of 1; 3; 41; 42; Polyphagous: Crataegus spp., Quercus spp., and Salix spp. England: Quite rare and confined to a few Lowland heath, Wet (macro‐moths) (Hubner) this species 50; 51; 69; mainly, also Betula spp., Calluna vulgaris, Chamerion locations in the east (SW Yorkshire, woodland, fens, bogs, also are wingless 155 angustifolia, Corylus avellana, Filipendula ulmaria, Frangula Nottinghamshire, S. Lincolnshire, Norfolk) hedgerows alnus, Prunus spinosa, Rosa spp., Rubus fruticosus, Rumex Larvae acetosa Lepidoptera Noctuidae Acronicta BAP 1; 3; 41; 42; Polyphagous: Range of herbaceous plants and shrubs England; Wales: Widely distributed and Most open habitats (macro‐moths) rumicis (L.) 50; 69 including Mentha aquatica, Plantago spp., Rumex spp., also quite common; Scotland: Less frequent including gardens, Prunus spp., Rosa app., Rubus spp., Salix spp. grassland, heathland, wetlands, some woodlands.

Order Family Species BAP status Evidence Host plant range UK range Habitat Lepidoptera Noctuidae praecox NSB 1; 2; 3; 41; Polyphagous: Ammophila arenaria, Artemisia maritima, England: Resident. Occasional immigrant. Well‐vegetated sand‐ (macro‐moths) (L.) 42; 50; 61; 69 Calystegia soldanella, Cerastium spp., Festuca rubra var. Colonies scattered round the coast in dunes, sandy heath‐land, arenaria, Lotus corniculatus, Ononis repens, Plantago spp., Sudland, Dorset, Dawlish Warren, south and sand and shingle Salix repens, Stellaria media, Stellaria spp. Devon, and Braunton Burrows, North banks of rivers. Devon, Cheshire, Lancashire, Cumbria, Northumberland. Local colonies exist inland in Scunthorpe area of Lincoln, at Budby Heath, and the Mission, Nottinghamshire, Kent and Man; Wales: Colonies scattered around the coast on Gower, Glenmorangan, Anglesy and various other places; Scotland: Local colonies found on the West coast, Inner Hebridies, Moray firth, Tayside and Angus. Lepidoptera Noctuidae Agrochola 1; 3; 41; 42; Polyphagous: Crataegus laevigata, Fraxinus excelsior, England; Wales: Common, well distributed Mainly woodland and (macro‐moths) circellaris 50; 61; 69 Populus spp., Salix spp., Ulmus glabra; flowers and leaves and often frequent; Scotland: More local parkland (Hufnagel) when young, later the leaves Lepidoptera Noctuidae Agrochola 1; 3; 41; 42; Polyphagous: Calluna vulgaris on lowland heaths and England; Wales; Scotland: Distributed Woodland, bushy (macro‐moths) macilenta 50; 61; 69 northern Britain, also Crataegus spp., Fagus sylvatica, throughout, and commonest in the south localities, and moorland in (Hubner) Populus spp., Quercus spp., and Salix spp. the far north Lepidoptera Noctuidae Agrotis Archer's Dart 1; 3; 41; 42; Polyphagous: Herbaceous plants, including Galium spp., England: Resident. Local. Scattered Mainly coastal sand dunes, (macro‐moths) vestigialis 50; 51; 69 Honckenya peploides, Stellaria spp. and Poaceae distribution around the coast, including but also inland on heaths (Hufnagel) Man. Occasional in the Channel Islands; and in sandy areas of Wales: Resident. Local. Scattared breckland. Very locally on distribution around the coast; Scotland: limestone grassland. Resident. Local. Scattered distribution around the coast. Occurring as far north as Orkney. Lepidoptera Noctuidae Aporophyla Deep brown 1; 3; 41; 42; Polyphagous: Woody and herbaceous plants and grasses England: Resident, common in Midlands, Open habitats, mainly (macro‐moths) lutulenta (Denis Dart 50; 61; 69 including Calluna vulgaris, Crateagus spp., Cytisus south and Isle of Wight, local in the north; calcareous or sandy soils, & scoparius, Deschampsia caespitosa, Lithospermum Wales: local; Scotland: local. but also clays, permanent Schiffermuller) arvense, Poa annua, Prunus spinosa, Rumex obtusifolius pasture, hay meadows, and Rumex spp. downland, heathland, coastal sand‐dunes, rough grassland, some gardens, and wide woodland rides. Lepidoptera Noctuidae Aporophyla Black Rustic 1; 3; 41; 50; Polyphagous: Woody and herbaceous plants and grasses England: Resident, common, well Open heathland, (macro‐moths) nigra (Haworth) 51; including Deschampsia caespitosa, Calluna vulgaris and distributed except north, north east, east moorland, calcareous Trifolium spp. anglia and part of the midlands where it is grassland, roadside verges local; Wales: Well distributed in the south and other rough grassy local in the north; Scotland: wide spread herb rich places including and local. gardens and woodland rides.

Order Family Species BAP status Evidence Host plant range UK range Habitat Lepidoptera Noctuidae Blepharita BAP 1; 3; 50; 69 Polyphagous: Range of herbaceous plants and trees, as well England; Wales: Scotland: Common, quite Heathland, chalky (macro‐moths) adusta (Esp.) as grasses ‐ Alnus glutinosa, Calluna vulgaris, Myrica gale, well distributed, morefrequent in northern downland and fenland, Silene vulgaris and upland areas and further north moorland, sand‐dunes and upland grassland Lepidoptera Noctuidae Diarsia rubi 1; 3; 41; 42; Polyphagous: Herbaceous species including Calluna England, Wales and Scotland: Resident. Almost everywhere, but (macro‐moths) (Vieweg) 50; 51; vulgaris, Digitalis purpurea, Rumex spp. and Taraxacum Common. Well distributed and frequent. most abundant in damp agg. woodland and other marshy places, including damp pasture. Frequent in gardens. Lepidoptera Noctuidae Eugnorisma BAP 1; 3; 50; Polyphagous: Calluna vulgaris, Erica spp., Galium spp., and England: Resident. Common. More frequent Heath, moorland, rough (macro‐moths) glareosa (Esp.) Hyacinthoides non‐scripta, also Betula spp., Salix spp. and in the north and more local south of a line grazland, downland Poaceae. from the Severn to the Humber; Wales: provided it is not heavily Resident and common in suitable places; grazed, and other open Scotland: Resident and common in suitable country, on light sandy or places. Also Hebridies and Orkney. chalky soils. Also fens, shingle beaches and open woodland. Lepidoptera Noctuidae Euxoa tritici (L.) BAP 1; 3; 41; 42; Polyphagous: Herbaceous plants, including Cerastium spp., England: Resident. Common in suitable Coastal sand‐dunes and (macro‐moths) 50; 51; 62; 69 Galium mollugo, and Spergula arvensis habitat; Wales: In suitable habitat; Scotland: cliffs, heathland, In suitable habitat. moorland, downland and open heathy woodland. Lepidoptera Noctuidae Heliothis BAP 1; 3; 41; 42; Polyphagous: Range of unrelated plants including England: Resident and suspected immigrant. Open Breckland, flowery (macro‐moths) viriplaca 51; 50; 69 Centaurea spp., Cichorium intybus, Crepis capillaris, Daucus Restricted to South and east. No records for chalk downland, sand or (Hufnagel) carota, Dipsacaceae spp., Hieracium agg., Lanaria vulgaris, Wales or Scotland. shingle beaches, marginal Ononis ssp., Silene latifolia, Silene vulgaris and Trifolium or set‐aside farmland, pratense. (Senecio viscosus) wide flowery rides and large temporary clearings in breckland plantations, other disturbed calcareous ground, and sometimes fields of clover and Lucerne. Larvae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Lacanobia Beautiful 1; 3; 41; 43; Polyphagous: Woody plants including Betula pubescens, England: Resident. Well distributed Heathland, moorland, and (macro‐moths) contigua (Denis Brocade 50; 51; Betula pendula, Quercus sp., Calluna vulgaris, Cytisus southern england, local in northern England in woodland on neutral & scorparius, Genista tinctoria, Myrica gale and Pteridium and on Man; Wales: wide spread but thinly and acid soils. Schiffermuller) aquilinium. distributed; Scotland: wide spread and frequent. Lepidoptera Noctuidae Melanchra pisi Broom 1; 3; 50; Polyphagous: Variety of herbaceous and woody plants England: Resident, common; Wales: Heathland, moorland, (macro‐moths) (L.) including Calluna vulgaris, Pteridium aquilinum, Cytisus Resident, common; Scotland: Resident, open country and gardens. scorparius, Rubus spp., Salix caprea and Hippophae common (unclear if resident/immigrant in Less frequent in woodland rhamnoides. ( Larix sp. ) Shetland) and marshland.

Order Family Species BAP status Evidence Host plant range UK range Habitat Lepidoptera Noctuidae Noctua comes Lesser Yellow 1; 3; 41; 42; Polyphagous: Herbaceous plants, such as Digitalis Britain: Resident and common throughout. Ubiquitous, from gardens, (macro‐moths) (Hubner) Underwing 50; 51 purpurea, Rumex obtusifolius and Urtica dioica. In spring, downland and heathland Crataegus monogyna, Cytisus scoparius, Rubus fruticosus to woodland and and Salix spp. moorland. Lepidoptera Noctuidae Noctua orbona BAP. NSB. 1; 3; 41; 42; Polyphagous: Grasses and herbaceous plants including England: Mainly on Suffolk coast and south, Fairly dry, sandy, heathy or (macro‐moths) (Hufnagel) 50; 51 Deschampsia flexuosa, Dactylis glomerata, Festuca ovina, but scattered populations survive elsewhere calcareous sites in open Phalaris arundinacea, Potentilla reptans, Primula veris, ‐ Northumberland. Found mainly on sandy situations and in open Ranunculus acris and Stellaria media. sites, mudstones and chalk formations; woodland, both on the Wales: Local. West coast. Scotland: around coast and inland. Rare or the coast including Fife, Aberdeenshire and abscent if habitat is close‐ Morayshire. cut or heavily grazed. Larvae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Schrankia 1; 3; 41; 42; Unknown: Early stages have not been found in wild England: Resident. Well distributed and Damp woodland, fens, wet (macro‐moths) costaestrigalis 50; 51; (Captivity: leaves, flowers of Calluna vulgaris, frequent, Local in the north; Wales: meadows, boggy (Stephens) Thymus drucei, Mentha spp. and damp withered Salix spp. Resident, well distributed and frequent; heathland, raised bogs, leaves) Scotland: Local. riversides and other marshy areas. Lepidoptera Noctuidae Schrankia NSB 1;3; 41; 42; Unknown: Larva not found in wild (Captivity: Lettuce, England: Resident. Local. South, south west, Open moorland, conifer (macro‐moths) taenialis 50; 51; flowers of Erica tetralix and E. cinerea, Thymus drucei and, south east and on Isle of Wight; Wales: plantations, damp (Hubner) in mainland Europe, flowers of Calluna vulgaris) Resident. South. broadleaved woodland and sunken lanes with shady hedge‐banks. Found in both acid and calcareous areas. Larvae Lepidoptera Noctuidae Xestia 1; 3; 41; 42; Polyphagous: Poaceae but also Plantago spp. and Galium Britain: Resident. Common. Well distributed All types of grassland, (macro‐moths) xanthographa 50; 51; aparine. and abundant throughout the British Isles. including gardens pasture (Denis & and woodland rides, but Schiffermuller) not at high altitude. Lepidoptera Noctuidae Xylena vetusta Red Sword‐ 1; 3; 41; 42; Polyphagous: Woody and herbaceous plants including England: Well distributed and frequent in Moorland, rough upland (macro‐moths) (Hubner) grass 50; 61 Calluna vulgaris, Erica spp., Myrica gale, Iris pseudacorus, North, local and rare South; Wales: pasture, boggy heathland, and flowerheads of Juncus effusus and J. frequent; Scotland: Frequent in mainland damp woodland and conglomeratus. Hebrides. marshes. Lepidoptera Psychidae Sterrhopterix 1; 3; 63; 65; Polyphagous: Betula spp., Calluna vulgaris, Crataegus spp., England; (Only 2 10 km squares) Cumbria, (micro‐moths) fusca (Haworth) 66; 69 Erica spp., Poaceae, Quercus spp., Salix spp. Cambridgeshire scarce and local; Wales: The females are (Only 1 10 km squares) Wrexham, scarce apterous and and local grub‐like, lacking any appendages Lepidoptera Pterophoridae Amblyptilia 1; 3; 65; 66; Polyphagous: Calluna vulgaris, Chenopodium spp., Erica England: Cornwall, Somerset, Wilts, Surrey, Many different including (micro‐moths) acanthadactyla 69 spp., Geranium spp., Ononis spp., Stachys sylvatica and Middlesex, Herts, Bedfordshire, Suffolk, gardens (Hubner) Mentha spp. Worcs, Staffs, Lancashire, Cumbria; Scotland: Highland

Table 6 Invertebrates which have been recorded visiting flowers to collect pollen and/or nectar of Calluna vulgaris.

Order Family Species BAP Evidence Host plant range UK range Habitat Parasite status Hymenoptera Andrenidae Andrena NSA, 89; 98; 99; Oligphagous: Calluna vulgaris and England: Main areas are Dorset, and Hants, West Sussex, Heaths with dry Cleptoparasite: Nomada argentata rare 160; 162; Erica spp. (species with strong or and Surrey, also Worcestershire and Norfolk loose sandy areas baccata, also Sphecodes 165; 166; obligate requirement for heathers) reticulatus 167; 184 also Pyrola spp. Hymenoptera Andrenidae Andrena 184 Polyphagous England: South, West Midlands, East Anglia Heaths No record dorsata Hymenoptera Andrenidae Andrena 89; 99; 160; Oligophagous: Calluna vulgaris (Both England: Cornwall, Devon, Dorset, Hants, Surrey, Sussex, Heather‐dominated Cleptoparasite: Nomada fuscipes 162; 184 males and females), rarely found on Kent, Bucks, Herts, east Anglia, Worcs, Shropshire, Staffs, heaths rufipes anything else. Notts, Yorks, Lincs; Wales: (Six 10 km records) Swansea, Pembrokeshire, Gwynedd; Scotland: (Five 10 km records) Ayrshire, Dumfries and Galloway, Highland Hymenoptera Apidae Epeolus 184 Polyphagous: Trifolium sp., England: Widely distributed throughout much of Inland heaths No record cruciger Leontodon sp., Calluna vulgaris, southern and central (becoming scarcer in the northern (where it is often (Panz.) Mentha sp., Senecio jacobaea, part of its range) and locally common common) and moors; also coastal sand dunes and undercliffs Hymenoptera Apidae Nomada 184 Polyphagous: Wide variety but England; Wales: Widely distributed, although more Wide range of No record rufipes Fab. mainly Calluna vulgaris and Senecio common in the south habitats where jacobaea. Cleptoparasitic and hosts occur but therefore does not collect pollen more frequent on heathlands Hymenoptera Colletidae Colletes 74; 89; 99; Oligophagous: Pollen from Calluna England: Local, Cornwall to Kent, East Anglia, Dry heathland and Cleptoparasites: succinctus 159; 160 vulgaris and Erica spp. Herefordshire north to Cumbria and North York Moors; moorland with Anthophorine bee Epeolus Wales: (Six 10 km records) Swansea, Pembrokeshire, south‐facing, thinly‐ cruciger and Bee‐fly Flintshire, Wrexham; Scotland: Borders, Argyll and Bute, vegetated earth Bombylius minor BAP Highland, Outer Hebrides banks for underground nests, also coastal Hymenoptera Halictidae Halictus RDB 184 Polyphagous England: Somerset, Dorset, Hants, West Sussex, Surrey, Sandy heaths Unknown confuses Kent, Essex, Breckland, then very scattered north to Shropshire Hymenoptera Halictidae Halictus 184 Polyphagous: wide range of flower England; Wales; Scotland: Widely distributed throughout. Wide variety of Cleptoparasite: Sphecodes rubicundus species, but is probably most often It is rarely abundant in the south, but is frequently habitats. Nests are gibbus and S. monifi Chr. Asteraceae often fo und at those of encountered in dense nesting aggregations in northern usually made in cornis. Also conopid fly the Asteraceae Britain areas of vertical or Zodion cinereum sloping bare ground with a southern aspect Hymenoptera Halictidae Lasioglossu 184 Polyphagous England; Widely distributed throughout to Cumbria, main Wide variety of Cleptoparasite: Sphecodes m albipes areas from Dorset to Southeast; Wales: South and east; habitats. spp. Scotland: very scattered, mainly Highland

Order Family Species BAP Evidence Host plant range UK range Habitat Parasite status Hymenoptera Halictidae Lasioglossu 184 Polyphagous England; Widely distributed throughout to Cumbria, main Wide variety of Cleptoparasite: Sphecodes m areas from Dorset to Southeast and West Midlands and habitats. spp. calceatum North Yorks; Wales: South and east; Scotland: very (Scopoli) scattered, mainly Highland Hymenoptera Halictidae Lasioglossu 184 Polyphagous: Include Campanula England; Widely distributed throughout to Cumbria, main Moor and sandy Cleptoparasite: Sphecodes m fratellum spp., Vaccinium myrtillus, Asteraceae areas from Dorset to Southeast, North Yorks, missing heath with hyalinatus and Chamerion angustifolium from Central and East Anglia; Wales: South and east; woodland Scotland: scattered, mainly Highland

Hymenoptera Halictidae Lasioglossu 184 Polyphagous England; Widely distributed below line from Severn Wide variety of Cleptoparasite: Sphecodes m Estuary to the Wash but also Hereford and Worcs; Wales: habitats. t spp. laevigatum Monmouth and Pembroke Hymenoptera Halictidae Lasioglossu 184 Polyphagous England; Widely distributed below line from Severn Wide variety of Cleptoparasite: Sphecodes m lativentre Estuary to the thames estuary but also Gloucs, Hereford, habitats. spp. Shropshire and Worcs; Wales: Monmouth, Swansea and Pembroke Hymenoptera Halictidae Lasioglossu 184 Polyphagous England: Mainly South east from Dorset, East Anglia, Wide variety of Cleptoparasite: Sphecodes m parvulum Shropshire, very scattered elsewhere north to Cumbria; habitats. spp. (Schenck) Wales: Monmouth, Swansea, Gwynedd Hymenoptera Halictidae Lasioglossu 89; 160; Polyphagous: Calluna vulgaris, Erica England: Restricted range, Main areas Dorset and Sandy heaths Cleptoparasite: Sphecodes m prasinum 161 cinerea and E. tetralix preferred Hants/Surrey/West Sussex with isolated populations in reticulatus during mid and late summer, also Cornwall, Devon, IOW, Kent and Suffolk; Wales: (Four 10 Crepis sp., Myosotis sp. and km records) Swansea, Carmarthenshire Taraxacum agg. Hymenoptera Halictidae Lasioglossu 184 Polyphagus England: Dorset, Hants, West Sussex, Surrey, Kent, Berks, Wide variety of Cleptoparasite: Sphecodes m Oxon, then very scattered north to East Yorkshire habitats. reticulatus quadrinotat um Hymenoptera Halictidae Sphecodes 184 Polyphagous: Wide variety but mainly England; Widely distributed throughout to Cumbria, main Wide variety of No record crassus Asteraceae and Apiaceae. areas from Dorset to Southeast; Wales: Swansea, habitats. Cleptoparasitic and therefore does Carmarthenshire, Glamorgan, Gwynedd; Scotland: One not collect pollen record Lothian Hymenoptera Halictidae Sphecodes 184 Polyphagous: Wide variety but mainly England; Wales; Scotland: Widely distributed throughout Wide variety of No record gibbus Asteraceae and Apiaceae. to southern Scotland habitats where Cleptoparasitic and therefore does hosts occur, rarely not collect pollen abundant at any one locality, Hymenoptera Halictidae Sphecodes 184 Polyphagous: Wide variety but mainly England; Widely distributed throughout to N. Yorks, main Wide variety of No record pellucidus Asteraceae and Apiaceae. areas from Dorset to Southeast; Wales: Swansea, habitats. Cleptoparasitic and therefore does Glamorgan, Gwynedd; Scotland: One record Falkirk not collect pollen

Order Family Species BAP Evidence Host plant range UK range Habitat Parasite status Hymenoptera Sphecidae Cerceris 164; 184 Polyphagous more for water than England: Cornwall and Devon coastal, Dorset, Hants, Sandy soils and can No record cunicularia sugar West Sussex, Surrey, Breckland, Suffolk be locally common (Schrnk.) to abundant on inland heaths and commons, and on the coast (especially dunes and landslips). Hymenoptera Sphecidae Mellinus 164; 198 No direct record – Honeydew from England; Wales; Scotland: Widely distributed, although Sandy localities, Europe are miltogrammine arvensis L. Acer pseudoplatanus more common in the south frequently coastal flies in the genera Macronychia and Senotainia

Table 7 Fungi which have been recorded on Calluna vulgaris as well as many other plant species.

Order Family Species Common BAP Evidence Host plant range UK range Habitat Part of plant name status attacked Agaricales Clavariaceae Clavaria Moor Club 93 Calluna vulgaris, Erica spp. England, Wales, Scotland: Throughout in suitable habitat live root is argillacea mycorrhizal host Agaricales Cortinariaceae Galerina a toadstool 93 Calluna vulgaris, Trees broad‐ England: (Thirteen 10 km records) Norfolk, Lancs, Yorks, debris cinctula leaved and coniferous Cumbria; Scotland: (Four 10 km records) Dumfries, Highlands Agaricales Cortinariaceae Inocybe a toadstool 93 Calluna vulgaris, Trees broad‐ England: widespread and distributed throughout except live root is praetervisa leaved and coniferous Noth‐east; Wales: (Two 10 km records) North; Scotland: ectomycorrhizal Highlands host Agaricales Entolomataceae Entoloma Honey Pinkgill 93 Calluna vulgaris, Pinopsida England, Wales, Scotland: Throughout in suitable habitat dead, fallen, cetratum debris Agaricales Marasmiaceae Marasmius Horsehair 93 Calluna vulgaris, Trees broad‐ England, Wales, Scotland: Common throughout in suitable dead stem androsaceu Parachute, leaved and coniferous, Erica habitat s Heather Dieback Agaricales Marasmiaceae Micrompha a parachute 93 Calluna vulgaris, Pinopsida, England: (Twenty one 10 km records) Commoner in south but le Pteridium aquilinum distributed as far north as Northumberland; Wales: (One 10 impudicum km record) Powys Agaricales Psathyrellaceae Psathyrella a brittlestem 93 Calluna vulgaris, Poaceae England: South, East Anglia, Worcs, Hereford, Yorks: Wales: debris friesii (Six 10 km records) North; Scotland: (Eight 10 km records) Highlands Agaricales Tricholomatace Cantharellu The 93 Calluna vulgaris, Poaceae England: (Eighteen 10 km records) Berks, Surrey, Sussex, on acid soil, ae la Humpback Midlands,Yorks, Cumbria; Wales: (Two 10 km records) North; in grassland, umbonata Scotland: Highlands more widespread open woodland, heathland Agaricales Tricholomatace Collybia toadstool 93 Calluna vulgaris, Pinopsida England: (One 10 km record) Surrey; Scotland: (Nine 10 km decaying litter ae alpine records) Highlands, Orkney Agaricales Tricholomatace Collybia Russet 93 Calluna vulgaris, Trees broad‐ England, Wales, Scotland: Common throughout in suitable decaying litter ae dryophila Toughshank leaved and coniferous habitat Agaricales Tricholomatace Collybia Spindle 93 Calluna vulgaris, Betula, England: Throughout as Far North as Yorkshire, Wales: Mainly live root may be ae fusipes Toughshank Corylus, Fagus, Quercus, Eastern; Scotland: much more localised (Highlands) infected and Fraxinus, Tilia and Pinopsida damaged Agaricales Tricholomatace Collybia Spotted 93 Calluna vulgaris, Trees broad‐ England, Wales, Scotland: Common throughout in suitable decayed litter ae maculate Toughshank leaved and coniferous habitat Agaricales Tricholomatace Cystoderma powdercap 93 Calluna vulgaris, Pinus England: Widespread but commonest Lincs, Yorks, Lancs, Acid soils ae granulosum sylvestris Northumberland; Wales: (Four 10 km records) Powys; Scotland: Highlands, Mid Lothian, West Lothian Agaricales Tricholomatace Hygrocybe Heath 93 Calluna vulgaris, Poaceae, England, Wales, Scotland: Common throughout in suitable ae laeta var. Waxcap Pteridium aquilinum habitat laeta

Order Family Species Common BAP Evidence Host plant range UK range Habitat Part of plant name status attacked Agaricales Tricholomatace Mycena Black Milking 93 Calluna vulgaris, Trees broad‐ England, Wales, Scotland: Common throughout in suitable Burnt areas burnt stem ae galopus Bonnet leaved and coniferous habitat var. Nigra Agaricales Tricholomatace Mycena a bonnet 93 Calluna vulgaris, Erica spp. England: Widespread and scattered throughout except ae megaspora Southwest; Wales: Mainly central; Scotland: Highlands Agaricales Tricholomatace Mycena Bleeding 93 Calluna vulgaris, Pinopsida England, Wales, Scotland: Common throughout in suitable stem is decayed ae sanguinole Bonnet habitat nta Chaetosphaer Chaetosphaeria Phaeostala 95 Broad‐leaved trees and shrubs, England: Widespread; Wales:(Three 10 km records); Scotland: dead twig iales ceae gmus Calluna vulgaris, Rubus spp. (One 10 km record) Dumfries cyclosporus Helotiales Dermateaceae Mollisia Common 95 Calluna vulgaris, Trees broad‐ England, Wales, Scotland: Common throughout in suitable dead twig cinerea Grey Disco leaved and coniferous, habitat Rhododendron, Ulex, Rubus Helotiales Hyaloscyphacea Lachnum Snowy Disco 95 Broad‐leaved trees and shrubs, England, Wales, Scotland: Widespread and common dead stem e virgineum Calluna vulgaris, herbaceous throughout plants Helotiales Dermateaceae Tapesia Discomycete 97 Calluna vulgaris, Trees broad‐ England: South, Gloucs, Warks,Norfolk,Yorks, Cumbria; dead stem lividofusca leaved Wales: (Three 10 km records) North; Scotland: (Four 10 km records) Highlands Hymenochaet Hymenochaetac Coltricia Tiger's Eye 93 Calluna vulgaris, Trees broad‐ England, Wales, Scotland: Common throughout in suitable live root is ales eae perennis leaved and Pinus habitat mycorrhizal host Hymenochaet Hymenochaetac Hymenocha Glue Fungus 93 Broad‐leaved trees and shrubs, England and Wales: Throughout, Scotland: much more live wood and ales eae ete Calluna vulgaris, Rubus, Myrica localised dead wood corrugate gale Myxotrichace Oidiodendr dematiaceous 95 Polyphagous: Betula, Calluna England: (Seven 10 km records) S.Yorks, N. Yorks, dead twig ae on anamorphic vulgaris, Carpinus, Castanea, Northumberland, Surrey; Scotland: (One 10 km record) tenuissimu fungus Fagus and Herbaceous Wester Ross m Polyporales Fomitopsidacea Postia bracket 93 Calluna vulgaris, Pinopsida England, Wales, Scotland: Throughout in suitable habitat live root e ptychogast fungus er Polyporales Hyphodermatac Hypochnici basidiomycet 93 Calluna vulgaris, Trees broad‐ England: Widespread but commonest South‐east, South dead stem eae um e leaved and coniferous Yorks, Norfolk; Wales: (One 10 km record) Powys; Scotland: punctulatu (Four 10 km records) m Russulales Bondarzewiace Heterobasi Root Rot, 93 Calluna vulgaris, Trees broad‐ England, Wales, Scotland: Common throughout in suitable live root ae dion Root Fomes, leaved and coniferous habitat annosum White Pocket Rot Thelephorale Thelephoraceae Pseudotom 93 Calluna vulgaris, Trees broad‐ England: (Thirteen 10 km records) Surrey, West Midlands, dead stem s entella leaved and coniferous Yorks; Wales:(Two 10 km records) North; Scotland: (Seven 10 tristis km records) Highlands

Table 8 Invertebrate species whose survival may be threatened by the loss of Vaccinium myrtillus (1), Vaccinium vitis-idaea (2), Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (3) and Calluna vulgaris (4) which are only found in Scotland.

BAP Host Order Family Species Species Evidence Host plant range Range Habitat Phytopagous Stage plant (194)

2 Diptera Cecidomyiida Dasineura anglica 1; 8; 68; 72; Monophagous: Vaccinium vitis‐ Scotland? (68) Larva: Forms gall e (Kieffer) 78 ** idaea (78), Vaccinium spp?(8)

3 Hemiptera Lygaeidae Eremocoris abietis 1 (85; 86; Monophagous: Arctostaphylos uva‐ Nationally notable B; Scotland: E. Coniferous woodland and Feed predominantly on (Heteroptera‐ (L.) 89) ursi ??? Highlands (86), Coastal Moray and heathland; pine‐litter seeds of plants mostly on bugs) N. Highlands dwelling under Caledonian surface of soil but pines, junipers or other sometimes within flower introduced conifers; head (86)

3 Hemiptera Aphididae Aphis uvaeursi 1; 2; 24; 87 Monophagous: Arctostaphylos uva‐ Scotland: E. Highlands Rare local; Gregarious; Ant All stages (Sternorrhync Ossiannilsson ** ursi attended; Phytophagous; ha‐aphids)

1 Hemiptera Aphididae Aulacorthum 1; 2; 21; 22; Monophagous: Vaccinium myrtillus; Scotland: E. Highlands (21) Moorland Oviparae, alate male, (Sternorrhync rufum Hille Ris 23 ** Other hosts in Europe?: Vaccinium aptera, oviparous female, ha‐aphids) Lambers vitis‐idaea, Empetrum (23) leaves and shoots

3 Hemiptera Aphididae Wahlgreniella 1; 2; 22; 73; Monophagous: Arctostaphylos uva‐ No information on NBN Gateway No information on NBN All stages Leaves (Sternorrhync ossiannilssoni 88 ** ursi Gateway ha‐aphids) Hille Ris Lambers

1 Hymenoptera Tenthredinida Nematus 89; 180; Monophagous: Vaccinium myrtillus Scotland: Ayrshire; England: Moorland (sawflies) e reticulatus Hlgr. 181 Cumbria

2 Lepidoptera Coleophorida Coleophora NSB 1; 2; 65; 76; Oligophagous: Vaccinium vitis‐ Scotland: Highland, Moray, Lowland Calluna heathland, Larval leaf miner (82) (macro‐ e glitzella Hofmann 81; 82; 89 idaea and V. uliginosum (74) Aberdeenshire moorland, pine woodland moths) and sheltered rock ledges up to 600m (74)

1, 4 Lepidoptera Geometridae Chloroclysta 1; 3; 43; 50 Oligophagous: Calluna vulgaris Scotland:Far north‐west, including High moorland habitats, Larva (macro‐ concinnata (41; 42; 52) main food plant also Erica spp., the Isle of Arran and the Inner and moths) (Stephens) 89 Fragaria spp., Salix spp. and Outer Hebrides Probably race or Vaccinium myrtillus. ecotype of C. truncata

4 Lepidoptera Geometridae Gnophos NSB 1; 3; 41; 42; Polyphagous: range of moorland Scotland: Locally distributed in the Rocky moorland and Larvae (macro‐ obfuscatus (Denis 50; 69 plants; Calluna vulgaris, Erica north mountain hillsides moths) & Schiffermuller) cinerea, Erica tetralix, Saxifraga aizoides, Saxifraga spp., Sedum spp.,

BAP Host Order Family Species Species Evidence Host plant range Range Habitat Phytopagous Stage plant (194)

1, 2 Lepidoptera Geometridae Itame brunneata 1; 2; 3; 50; Oligophagous: Vaccinium myrtillus Scotland: Central; England: Restricted to the mature Larva (macro‐ (Thunb.) 89 and Vaccinium vitis‐idaea. occasional migrant in east open woodland moths)

1, 4 Lepidoptera Geometridae lapponaria 1; 2; 3; 50; Polyphagous: Moorland plants such Scotland: Central and northern Restricted to the damp larva (macro‐ (Boisduval) ssp. 54; 89 as Myrica gale, Calluna, Erica moorland habitats moths) scotica (Harrison) cinerea, Erica tetralix, Salix, Vaccinium myrtillus

3 Lepidoptera Geometridae Macaria BAP 1; 3; 41; 89; Monophagous: Arctylostaphylos Scotland: Highland, Perth and Locally resident in the drier Larva (macro‐ carbonaria 179 uva‐ursi Kinross, Moray, Aberdeenshire moorlands of east and moths) (Clerck) central Highlands (200‐600 m)

4 Lepidoptera Noctuidae Acronicta NSA 1; 3; 41; 50; Oligophagus: Calluna vulgaris and Scotland: Local in north and central Moors Larvae (macro‐ euphorbiae (Denis 69 Myrica gale, also Salix spp., Betula moths) & Schiffermuller) spp., Plantago lanceolata (One ssp. myricae location) Guenee

3 Lepidoptera Noctuidae Anarta cordigera BAP 1; 3; 41; 42; Monophagous: Arctylostaphylos Scotland: Local and scarce species, High moorland of central Larva (macro‐ (Thunberg) 50; 89 uva‐ursi Highland, Moray, Aberdeenshire, Scotland moths) Perth & Kinross

1, 2, 3 Lepidoptera Noctuidae Anarta melanopa 1; 3; 41; 42; Oligophagous: Empetrum nigrum Scotland; England: Single record Montane, high altitude Larva (macro‐ (Thunberg) 50; 51; 89 and Arctylostaphylos uva‐ursi also exists from Northumberland (usually above 600m) moths) Salix caprea, Vaccinium myrtillus, throughout much of Vaccinium vitis‐idaea Scotland, though it is most frequent in the central Highlands.

1 Lepidoptera Noctuidae Eurois occulta (L.) 1; 3; 41; 42 Polyphagous: Myrica gale main Scotland: Highlands, migrant to the Resident in the Scottish Larva (macro‐ (50; 51) 89 foodplant, but other plants and East Coast Highlands, this species is moths) bushes, such as Betula, Rubus, Salix more often noted as a and Vaccinium myrtillus migrant to the East Coast

1, 4 Lepidoptera Noctuidae Protolampra 1; 2; 3; 42; Oligophagous: Vaccinium myrtillus, Scotland: Central, Rare and local woodland in the Larva (macro‐ sobrina (Dup) 50; 51 (41); Erica tetralix and E. cinerea and species, restricted to Highlands Highlands of central Scotland moths) 69; 89 Calluna vulgaris, later on Betula spp.

BAP Host Order Family Species Species Evidence Host plant range Range Habitat Phytopagous Stage plant (194)

1, 2, 4 Lepidoptera Zygaenidae Zygaena exulans RDB 1; 3; 43; 50 Empetrum nigrum mainly also Scotland: (Only Three 10 km Montane, very restricted Larva (macro‐ (Hohenwarth) (63 Captive Vaccinium myrtillus, Vaccinium squares) Aberdeenshire/Moray distribution ‐ Bare rocky moths) breeding ) vitis‐idaea, Erica cinerea, Calluna mountain tops in areas with 89 vulgaris (captive bred) short sparse heather and crowberry cover

3 Lepidoptera Coleophorida Coleophora NSB: 1; 2; 65; 69; Monophagous: Arctostaphylos uva‐ Scotland ‐ at and near Garten on Calluna heathland; uplands Larvae (Leaf miner, then (micro‐ e arctostaphyli 76; *89 ursi Speyside (Morayshire and (74) case bearer) moths) Meder Inverness‐shire) and at Dinnet on Deeside (Aberdeenshire) (69)

2 Lepidoptera Coleophorida Coleophora NSB 1; 2; 65; 76; Monophagous: Vaccinium vitis‐ Scotland: Highland, Moray, Pine woodland and Calluna Larval leaf miner (83) (micro‐ e idaeella Hofmann 83; 89 idaea Aberdeenshire, Angus heathland moths)

1, 3 Lepidoptera Tortricidae Apotomis 1; 2; 3; 65; Oligophagous; Vaccinium myrtillus Scotland: Local species, Central Moorland and hill districts Larva (micro‐ sauciana (Frolich) 66; 69; 89 and Arctostaphylos uva‐ursi (Perth ‐ Sutherland) moths) ssp. grevillana (Curtis)

3 Lepidoptera Tortricidae Epinotia 1; 2; 3; 65; Monophagous: Arctostaphylos uva‐ Scotland: Perthshire northwards High moorland and Larvae (micro‐ nemorivaga 69; 89 ursi mountains moths) (Tengstrom)

3 Lepidoptera Tortricidae Olethreutes 1; 2; 3; 65; Monophagous: Arctostaphylos uva‐ Scotland: Highlands and the Mountain moorland Larvae (micro‐ arbutella (L.) 69; *89 ursi Hebridean Islands moths)

1 Lepidoptera Tortricidae Olethreutes NSB 1; 2; 65; 66; monophagous: Vaccinium myrtillus Scotland: Inverness and Boreo‐montane; Moorland Larva (micro‐ metallicana 89 (http://www.hantsmoths.org.uk/sp Aberdeenshire and mountains; 200‐300m moths) (Hubner) ecies/1072.php)

Table 9 Fungi species that are restricted to Scotland whose survival may be threatened by the loss of Vaccinium myrtillus (1), Vaccinium vitis-idaea (2), Arctostaphylos uva-ursi (3) and Calluna vulgaris (4), or a combination.

Host Order Family Species BAP Evidence Host plant range UK range Habitat Part of plant plant status attacked 3 Ascomycetes Domingoella 2; 95; 98 Monophagous: Arctostaphylos uva‐ursi Scotland: (One 10 km record) Skye dead leaf arctostaphyli 1, 3 Boletales Boletaceae Leccinum 93; 98 Oligophagous: Pinus sylvestris and Scotland: Highland, Aberdeenshire, Perth & ectomycorrhizal vulpinum Arctostaphylos uva‐ursi Kinross, Argyll & Bute with live root 3 Capnodiales Asterinaceae Lembosina 95; 183** Monophagous: Arctostaphylos uva‐ursi Scotland: Highland (Skye) leaf gontardii 3 Exobasidiales Exobasidiacea Exobasidium 93; 98; 178 Monophagous: Arctostaphylos uva‐ursi Scotland: (Four 10 km records) Highland, live leaf e sydowianum Moray, Aberdeenshire 2 Meliolales Meliolaceae Meliola ellisii 97; 98 Monophagous: Vaccinium vitis‐idaea Scotland: (Two 10 km records) Moray, Sutherland 2 Pleosporales Venturiaceae Gibbera vaccinii 97; 98 Monophagous: Vaccinium vitis‐idaea Scotland: (Five 10 km records) Highlands 1 Pleosporales Venturiaceae Protoventuria 97; 98 Monophagous: Vaccinium myrtillus Scotland: Highland (One 10 km only) dead, fallen leaf elegantula 4 Pleosporales Lophiostomat Keissleriella 97 Calluna Scotland: (One 10 km record) Muck old stem aceae subalpina 1 Pleosporales Pleosporacea Leptosphaerulina 180; 183 Monophagous: Vaccinium myrtillus Scotland: (One 10 km record) Rhum, Argyll e myrtillina (Sacc. & & Bute Fautrey) Petr. 1 Pleosporales Venturiaceae Protoventuria 98; 180; 183 Monophagous: Vaccinium myrtillus Scotland: Highland, Outer Hebrides (Two 10 elegantula km only) (Rehm) M.E. Barr 3 Rhytismatales Rhytismatace Coccomyces 180; 183 ** Monophagous: Arctostaphylos uva‐ursi Scotland: Highland ae arctostaphyli (Rehm) B. Erikss. 3 Rhytismatales Rhytismatace Propolis 95; 98 Monophagous: Arctostaphylos uva‐ursi Scotland: (Seven 10 km records) Highlands, grey leaf is ae phacidioides Shetland parasitised by hypophyllous apothecium 4 Tremellales Tremellaceae Tremella 93 Calluna Scotland: (One 10 km record) Arran stem is associate of callunicola basidiocarp 2 Xylariales Hyponectriac Physalospora 97; 98 Monophagous: Vaccinium vitis‐idaea Scotland: (Two 10 km records) Moldart, eae vitis‐idaeae Sutherland

Table 10 Invetebrate pollinators that are restricted to Scotland whose survival may be threatened by the loss of Vaccinium myrtillus.

BAP Species Phytopagous Dispersabili Order Family Species Evidence Host plant range UK range Habitat Parasitoid (194) Stage ty Hymenoptera Megachilidae Osmia BAP, 89; 98; 164 Polyphagous: Cytisus Scotland: Ancient Caledonian forest, Adult Parasitoid: Chrysura uncinata Vulnerable scoparius, Lotus corniculatus, Highland and where there are clearings and hirsuta BAP species RDB2 Vaccinium myrtillus Aberdeenshire paths where main food plant, (Fifteen 10 kms) Lotus corniculatus, is well established

Table 11 Bird species that are restricted to Scotland whose survival may be threatened by the loss of Vaccinium myrtillus (1) and Vaccinium vitis-idaea (2).

Host plant Species Common BAP status Evidence Host plant range UK range Habitat Name 1, 2 Lagopus Ptarmigan BAP 177; 191 Polyphagous: Plant material, according to availability (eg Calluna vulgaris, Scotland: Not below 650 m Montane mutus Empetrum nigrum, Salix spp., Vaccinium myrtillus) (Cairngorms) 1, 2 Tetrao Capercaillie BAP 186; 187; 188 Oligophagous: Vaccinium myrtillus (Berries and young leaves are important Scotland: Highland, Moray, Conifer forest urogallus food for chicks and cover provides shelter, host plant for invertebrates which Aberdeenshire, Perth & Kinross are important food in first couple of weeks for chicks), other dwarf shrubs, Carex spp., and in Winter, Pinus sylvestris shoots and needles