Construction Presented by:Sika Corporation Construction Sealant Training Sika Corporation Construction • • • • • Joint Sealants:Topics ofDiscussion Critical success factors Common problems Typical applications The purpose Terminology ¾ ¾ Material Selection Joint design Sika Corporation Construction • • Introduction centuries materials havebeenwidely acceptedassealantsformany pitch asasealant. Naturally occurringbitumenand asphalt reportedly was Tower ofBabel Sealants havebeeninuse for many hundredsofyears.The polymer industry, sometimeintheearly 1930’s. polymeric sealantscoincided wi animal ormineralsubstances Prior tothe1900’smostseal – – – – 1990’s – Silyl-Terminated Polyether ( 1990’s – Silyl-Terminated Polyether 1970’s – Silicone 1960’s – Polyurethane Polysulfide 1950’s - ants evolvedfromvegetable, . Thedevelopmentofmodern built withmortarandtaror th thedevelopmentof Sika Corporation MS Polymer) Construction Terminology –TheBasics 3 – 5 years. polymers, putty etc. Life cycle: usually Latex, Butyl, ButylRubber, Co- service lives. Forexample: Acrylic being lower qualityandhaving limited performance compound. Typically A caulkisanylow orintermediate and asealant? What’s thedifference betweenacaulk Sika Corporation Construction Terminology –TheBasics from 10 – 20years. and providing longservice lifecycles excellent weatheringand UVresistance expensive ingredients, littleshrinkage, performance compound havingmore A sealanttypically referstoahigh Sika Corporation Construction • Terminology –TheBasics ASTM C920 ¾ including: up ofseveralASTM testmethods elastomeric jointsealants. Itismade The standardspecification for – – – – deini el (ASTMC794) Adhesion in Peel Tack freetime (ASTMC679) Sealant hardness (ASTMC661) Movement capability (ASTMC719) Sika Corporation Construction Terminology –TheBasics • Sealant Hardness – ASTM C661 take the sealant isandthelessmovement itcan Conversely, thehighernumber theharder sealant the moremovementit cantake. number the softerthesealant. Thesofterthe Rated onascalefrom 0– 100. Thelowerthe ¾ h eerto yaDrmtrprobe. the penetrationby a Durometer Is ameasureofsealants abilitytoresist . Sika Corporation Construction • Terminology – The Basics Terminology – The Movement Capability - ASTM C719 ¾ with thefollowingmovement classes. and compression[-]) of asealant.Classified Measures thecyclicmovement (extension[+] +/-100/50% 50% +/- 35% +/- 25% +/- +/-12.5% Sika Corporation Construction Terminology –TheBasics • Stress Relaxation recover slowly. less stress relaxationthan thosethat rapidly from deformationusually have Sealants thatrecovercompletely and line tothesubstrate. incurring additional stressonthebond sealant toabsorb extensionwithout – is theabilityof Sika Corporation Construction Terminology –TheBasics • • • joints, typically usedfor glazing applications applications the majority ofelastomericsealant general purpose sealantthat canbeusedfor High Modulus Sealant Medium ModulusSealant movement capability. the sealantbondline. Usuallyhasahigher Low ModulusSealant – Creates– lowstress at – Not usedformoving – Typically a Sika Corporation Construction • • • The Purpose Joint Sealants or throughjoints/gaps Prevent ingressofwater/moisture tobuildinginterior elements…a criticalpart ofthebuildingenvelope Seal penetrations/joints betweenconstruction openings orjoints..structural damage Prevent hard materialsorsnow/ice fromentering ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Help prevent molddevelopment Prevent structural steeldamage Prevent reinforced concretecorrosion Prevent waterdamage somenon-moving Some movingjoints Sika Corporation Construction The Purpose Joint Sealants • • • • System System Function asPartof anAirBarrier Accommodate Movement Function asPartof aVaporRetarding Acoustic Control Sika Corporation Construction • • • • • Typical applications Joint Sealants Major Chains (Tilt-up)Exteriors Plaza decks High-rise andlow-rise commercialbuildings: Airport pavement runwaysand aprons Institutional ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Glazing Expansion jointsandbutt-terminations Roofing terminations Window perimeters Prisons andSchools HD, Target,Wal-Mart Sika Corporation Construction • • • • • • Typical applications Joint Sealants Adhesive and bonding applications Waste &Water Park Decks Public Works Commercial parking lotsandflatwork Bridge &Highwayjoints (DOT) ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Can beincombination withdeck system Sidewalks (concrete) Industrial, Residential and commercial Submerged environments(NSF) Sika Corporation Construction • • • • • • • • • • • • Products Typical Sealed Building Systems includeDoors, Metal Panels (Coatedand Uncoated) Metal Panels Ceramic Tile Foam Plastic Panels Painted Products andAluminum Siding Vinyl Stone, Manufactured CulturedStone Stucco Systems) EIFS (ExteriorInsulationand Finish andCement-Based Siding Wood, Plywood, Masonry &Brick Concrete and Materials Windows, Skylights Sika Corporation ConstructionThe applications Joint Sealants brick-work.. control joints between expansion andor 15 lmexteriorfaçade like Sikaflex1aor Sika •Polyurethane sealants Sika Corporation Construction Precast Concrete Joints Joint Sealants Sika Corporation Construction Precast Concrete Joints Joint Sealants Sika Corporation Construction Window Glazing Joint Sealants Sika Corporation Construction Expansion Joints Joint Sealants Sika Corporation Construction EIFS Joint Sealants Sika Corporation Construction EIFS Joint Sealants Sika Corporation Construction Window Perimeters Joint Sealants Sika Corporation Construction Window &DoorPerimeters Joint Sealants Sika Corporation Construction High RiseBuildings Joint Sealants Sika Corporation Construction Vertical jointsinconcrete Joint Sealants Sika Corporation Construction Plaza DecksandSidewalks Joint Sealants Sika Corporation Construction • • • Common problems Joint Sealants Need tohave: proper jointsfromdesign tosealantplacement There isbothscience and arttocompletionof building startstoleak however canbecome the biggestproblemif add thelowestpercentage toaprojectcost- Sealants areprobably theleastthoughtaboutand ¾ ¾ ¾ Proper application Proper product Proper jointdesign Sika Corporation Construction Adhesion Failure Common problems Joint Sealants to. bonds fromthesurface itwasapplied ¾ ¾ ¾ Improper priming Not correct sealantforapplication Poor Surfacepreparation – when asealantde- – when Sika Corporation Construction Typical Loss ofAdhesion Sika Corporation Construction Typical Adhesion Loss the sealant. surface crazing of in chalking and degradation resulting weathering andUV Note: severe Sika Corporation Construction •Remedies •Causes – – – – – – – – Proper tooling Proper priming Proper cleaning Grinding Improper priming Improper installation Contamination Poor surfacepreparation Common Problems: Adhesion Failure Sika Corporation Construction • Common problems Joint Sealants Reasons forcohesive failureare: remains adheredto thesidesofjoint. of thesealantdown themiddle.Usuallyit Cohesion Failure sealants ability Excessive movement beyondthe function in thejoint Inadequate thicknessofsealant to Three sided adhesion – the tearingorsplitting – Sika Corporation Construction Cohesion Failure Sika Corporation Construction Cohesive Failure Sika Corporation Construction •Remedies •Causes – – – – – – Install correctly Choose theright sealant Proper jointdesign Wrong sealant Improper W/Dratio Poor jointdesign Common Problems: Cohesive Failure Sika Corporation Construction Substrate Failure Sika Corporation •Remedies Construction•Causes – – – – – – Sealing toEIFSBasecoat Lower Modulus Sealant Grinding orWire Brushing Sealing toEIFSFinishCoat High ModulusSealanton EIFS Weak Substrate Common Problems: Substrate Failure Sika Corporation Courtesy Sika Courtesy Construction Common problems- Substrate Staining Common problems- Joint Sealants Sika Corporation Construction manufacturer from thesealant a non-staining warranty per ASTM C-1248 and •Require stain testing recommended substrate used onanon- poorly formulatedor •Any sealantcanstain if sealant formulation non-reacted fluidsinthe •Staining iscausedby Staining ofSensitive Substrates Sika Corporation Construction Granite Staining Rundown On Glass and Metal Sika Corporation Marble Staining Construction Joint Sealants Common problems – improper tooling Sika Corporation appearance smooth uniform surfacea sealant done togivethe Tooling shouldbe Construction Common problems Joint Sealants Sika Corporation coating not the move, but Sealant can coating. elastomeric non coated with Sealant Construction • • Critical Success Factors Material Selection Joint design Sika Corporation Construction • • • • Standard Recommended Practice: Joint Design Critical Success Factors capability Joint designedwithinsealants movement Consider an“hourglass” shape. Use 2:1widthtodepth ratioupto1” in width. than ½” Joint depthnosmaller than¼” and nogreater Movement-related: Allowforboth conditions ¾ ¾ ALWAYS experience extension A jointsealed atthehighesttemperature will ALWAYS experience compression A jointsealed atthelowesttemperature will Sika Corporation Construction • • • • Joint Design Critical Success Factors sealant There shouldbesufficient bondingsurfacefor Joints shouldbeaccessible forsealantplacement critical toperformance The numberandspacing ofjointsisabsolutely materials andproperdepth ofsealant Joint depthshouldbe sufficient toacceptbacking ¾ ¾ Exposed aggregate facades Window perimeters Sika Corporation Construction Joint Design Critical Success Factors “Hourglass” shape 2:1 widthtodepthratio 3. Tool as required to properly fill joints. joints. fill properly to required as Tool 3. into Sealantgunned be should joint 2. at mid-point of expansion and designed Install1. appropriate backer material to preventthree-sided toand controladhesion contraction. sealant depth. Backer rod Sealant Sika Corporation Construction Movement Capability.. cured joint width. (-)” from it’soriginal and/or “compression “extension (+)” sealant can takein of movementthe indicates theamount percent valuethat Capability- The +/- •Movement Sika Corporation Construction Examples ofMovement Joints Lap Joint Butt Joint Interlocking Joint Fillet Joint Fillet Sika Corporation Construction • • • • • • • Material Selection Critical Success Factors performance Third partytesting should confirm product Evaluate thesuppliers resources Is therehistory ofapplication success conditions ofuse Will theproduct performunder thestated placement ofselectedmaterials Does thejointsize allow forsufficient critical elementinthe selectionprocess Adhesion tosubstrate isprobablythemost anticipated jointmovement requirements Will theselectedmaterial handlethe Sika Corporation Construction • Sealant Types Most CommonField Molded: ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Silicones Polyurethanes STP/MS Hybrids Polysulfides Butyls Acrylic Latex Sika Corporation Construction • Sealant Types Factory Molded ¾ ¾ ¾ Compression systems Strip-seals Gaskets andseals Sika Corporation Construction • Field molded Sealant Types Latex: ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Interior applications only Paintable withlatexpaints 10%movementcapability orless +/- Interior applications Some refertoascaulk notsealant significant cyclic movement) joints (thoseexpected to exhibit Not for“true” – Dry walltotrim work Sika Corporation Construction • Field molded Sealant Types Acrylics: ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ standards not highperformance byindustry More flexiblethan latex caulksbutstill movement 12.5% Generally +/- Some refertoascaulk notsealant Can bepaintable Sika Corporation Construction • Field molded Sealant Types Butyls: ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Most arestringy anddifficulttoapply neatly adhesion to rubbercompoundsis needed Sometime used incurtainwallwhere applications Good asadhesivein industrial andpackaging Poor weathering Poor movement,generally +/-10%orless Bond excellenttomost substrates Sika Corporation Construction • Field molded Sealant Types Polysulfide: ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Require primer onalmostallsubstrates Good insubmerged applications resistance Can beformulated forexcellent chemical Poor recovery polyurethanes andsilicones inmovingjoints chemistry, donotperform aswellnewer sealant The first‘highperformance’ Sika Corporation Construction • Field molded Sealant Types STP/MS Hybrids ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Polyurethane glass) primer to non poroussubstrates iaeTerminated Polyetheror Silane No glazing(avoiddirect contactto Excellent bonding,generally withouta Excellent weathering Good UV resistance Sika Corporation Construction • Field molded Sealant Types Polyurethanes: ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ Excellent weathering Good UVresistance conditions More forgiving inlessthanperfect application concrete and masonry especially tocement based substrateslike Excellent bonding,generally withoutaprimer No glazing(avoiddirect contacttoglass) substrates Most commonsealant forawidevarietyof Sika Corporation Construction • Field molded Sealant Types Silicones: ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ available High, medium andlowmodulus materials perfect application conditions Adhesion is adverselyaffectedby lessthan many substrates, particularlyporous glass, oftenaprimer is recommendedon Good adhesiontomany substratesespecially Excellent UVandstability glass toframes Structural bondingand stop-lessglazingof Sika Corporation Construction ati-lc 4 3 3 2 1 4 1 4 4 1 4 1 4 4 1 2 4=excellent 3=good, 2=poor, 1=NR, 1 3 1 1 UV wall curtain 1 brickworkcast-in-place 1 1 1 pre-cast 1 Tilt-upEIFS 2 resistance132 1 Resist chem. paintable 1 wide joints 1 traffic joints 1 joints expansion perimeter window 44 1 111 struct. Glazing exteriorinteriorsubmerged Use 24 2 111 44 2 111 24 2 111 44 3 121 44 3 443 43 3 Uses bytype ae cyi uy oyufd iioePU Silicone Polysulfide Butyl Acrylic Latex 4 1 1 2 3 4 2 4 2 3 2 3 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 4 1 3 1 1 4 2 3 1 1 1 Sika Corporation Construction pristine applicat substrates andveryf • • sealant toporoussubstrates. elastomeric coatings • • installation. • Material Selection Critical Success Factors Superior primerless a Superior primerless Non-staining: Paintable withmost water based Use insubmerged applications Resistant todirtpick-upduringandpost POLYURETHANES nofluidmigrationfrom ion conditions. orgiving to less than than toless orgiving Key MaterialFeatures dhesion toporous • line. applications subjectto • • long termexposure toUV. Superior adhesiontogl Material doesnotch Non-yellowing SILICONES Sika Corporation alk ordiscolorover reflectedUVatbond ass, especially in