DOCSLIB.ORG

New and Interesting Lichens and Allied Fungi from British Columbia, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, and Quebec, Canada

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
New and Interesting Lichens and Allied Fungi from British Columbia, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, and Quebec, Canada Opuscula Philolichenum, 17: 275-292. 2018. *pdf effectively published online 31January2018 via (http://sweetgum.nybg.org/philolichenum/) New and interesting lichens and allied fungi from British Columbia, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, and Quebec, Canada RICHARD TROY MCMULLIN1 ABSTRACT. – Ongoing biogeographical and ecological studies of lichens and allied fungi in Canada have resulted in range extensions throughout the country that are documented here. Four species are reported new to the Territory of Nunavut: Acarospora schleicheri, Buellia ocellata, Melanelixia subaurifera, and Rhizocarpon lecanorinum. New records are reported for five provinces: British Columbia (Microcalicium conversum, Umbilicaria arctica), Nova Scotia (Arthonia hypobela, A. vinosa, Micarea misella, and Sarea difformis), Ontario (Lecanora carpinea, Microcalicium conversum, Sphaerophorous fragilis, and Umbilicaria phaea var. phaea), Prince Edward Island (Ropalospora viridis), and Quebec (Candelariella lutella, Microcalicium arenarium, and Sclerophora peronella). New records representing major range extensions are reported for: Psora globifera, S. peronella, and Xanthomendoza weberi. Pilophorus fibula is also reinstated to the Ontario lichen list. KEYWORDS. – Biogeography, Canadian biodiversity, species at risk, calicioids. INTRODUCTION The rich history of lichen collecting in Canada dates back to the 1700’s and has been summarized by Goward et al. (1998). Since 1998, however, the results of many lichen collection efforts have been published which include numerous new provincial and national records. These include studies in British Columbia (Björk et al. 2009; Spribille et al. 2009), Manitoba (Piercey-Normore et al. 2016), Newfoundland and Labrador (McCarthy et. al. 2015; McMullin & Aresenault 2016; McMullin & Wiersma 2017), Nova Scotia (Anderson 2014; McMullin et al. 2008; McMullin 2009), Ontario (Brodo et al. 2013; McMullin & Lendemer 2013, 2016; McMullin et al. 2015), Prince Edward Island (McMullin et al. 2012; McMullin 2015), Quebec (Freebury 2011, McMullin et al. 2017), Saskatchewan (Freebury 2014), and monographs that contributed new records to several provinces (e.g., Lendemer 2013, Sheard 2010). During ongoing biogeographical and ecological studies of the lichen biota in Canada, I have compiled new provincial records and records of uncommon species that represent major range extensions. These records are presented here along with identification characters, images, and distribution maps. MATERIALS AND METHODS Study Area. – Canada is the second largest country in area in the world (9,984,670 km2), but has a relatively small population (36,708,083 people) (Statistics Canada 2016, World Atlas 2017). It is divided into three territories (Northwest Territory, Nunavut, and the Yukon; Fig. 1), ten provinces (Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec and Saskatchewan; Fig. 1), 15 terrestrial ecosystems (Fig. 1), and 12 forest regions (Fig. 2). This diverse landscape is inhabited by approximately 2,550 lichens and allied fungi (based on unpublished national lists compiled by I.M. Brodo, C. Deduke, C.E. Freebury, and J. Marsh). 1RICHARD TROY MCMULLIN – Canadian Museum of Nature, Research and Collections, Ottawa, ON, K1P 6P4, Canada. – e-mail: [email protected] 275 Figure 1. The 15 terrestrial ecozones in Canada (Ecological Stratification Working Group 1995). Provincial acronyms: AB = Alberta, BC = British Columbia, MB = Manitoba, NB = New Brunswick, NL = Newfoundland and Labrador, NS = Nova Scotia, ON = Ontario, PEI = Prince Edward Island, QC = Quebec, and SK = Saskatchewan. Territorial acronyms: NT = Northwest Territory, NU = Nunavut, and YK = Yukon. Voucher identification and deposition. – Specimens were identified using chemical spot tests, microscopy, and an ultraviolet light chamber, following Brodo et al. (2001). Thin-layer chromatography was used to assess secondary metabolites following Culberson and Kristinsson (1970) and Orange et al. (2001) in solvents A, B', and C. Specimens from the following herbaria were studied: Biodiversity Institute of Ontario Herbarium (OAC) at the University of Guelph, Canadian Museum of Nature (CANL), New Brunswick Museum (NBM), and the New York Botanical Garden (NY). Distribution data. – Summary distribution maps are provided for species discussed herein and data used to generate these maps were obtained from six databases: 1) Canadensys, 2) Canadian Museum of Nature, 3) Consortium of North American Lichen Herbaria (contains digitized records from 90 herbaria), 4) Biodiversity Institute of Ontario, 5) Global Biodiversity Information Facility, and 6) the New York Botanical Garden; and a review of relevant literature for each species (e.g., monographs of the genera). Maps were produced with SimpleMappr (Shorthouse 2010). 276 Figure 2. The 12 forest regions of Canada (Rowe 1972). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Range extensions within Canada are reported for 20 species. Four species are newly reported to the Territory of Nunavut: Acarospora schleicheri, Buellia ocellata, Melanelixia subaurifera, and Rhizocarpon lecanorinum. New records are reported for five provinces: British Columbia (Microcalicium conversum, Umbilicaria arctica), Nova Scotia (Arthonia hypobela, A. vinosa, Micarea misella, and Sarea difformis), Ontario (Lecanora carpinea, M. conversum, Sphaerophorous fragilis, and Umbilicaria phaea var. phaea), Prince Edward Island (Ropalospora viridis), and Quebec (Candelariella lutella, Microcalicium arenarium, and Sclerophora peronella). New range extensions are reported for: Psora globifera, S. peronella, and Xanthomendoza weberi. Pilophorus fibula is reinstated to the Ontario lichen list. An account of each species is provided below together with citations of relevant vouchers that were studied. Acarospora schleicheri (Ach.) A.Massal. FIGURES 3A & B. Acarospora schleicheri is reported here for the first time from Nunavut from the High Arctic. This is the northernmost known record, but it is not surprising to find the species in the region because it has been collected in western Greenland (Hansen & Andersen 1995). It is characterised by an areolate to squamulose thallus with a yellow, UV+ orange (rhizocarpic acid) upper surface and a lower surface with rhizohyphae, apothecia with dark brown disks and polysporous asci, and a terricolous habit (Hansen & Andersen 1995, Knudsen 2007). Specimen examined. – CANADA. NUNAVUT. QIKIQTAALUK REGION: Quttinirpaaq National Park, ~500 m N of Lake Hazen, N of the national park camp, 16.vii.2017, R.T. McMullin 18850 & P. Sokoloff (CANL). 277 Figure 3. Morphologies and distributions of species discussed here. A, Acarospora schleicheri thallus and apothecia, (McMullin 18850, CANL). B, North American distribution of A. schleicheri. C, Arthonia hypobela apothecia (McMullin 17286, CANL). D, North American distribution of A. hypobela. E, Arthonia vinosa apothecia and pycnidia (McMullin 18720 CANL). F, North American distribution of A. vinosa. Scales = 1.0 mm in A, 1.5 mm in E, 1.6 mm in C. In maps, blue dots = new records, red dots = previous collections. 278 Figure 4. Morphologies and distributions of species discussed here. A, Buellia ocellata thallus and apothecia, (McMullin 18027, CANL). B, North American distribution of B. ocellata. C, Candelariella lutella thallus and apothecia (McMullin 18462, CANL). D, North American distribution of C. lutella. E, Lecanora carpinea thallus and apothecia (McMullin 15729 CANL). F, North American distribution of L. carpinea. Scales = 0.7 mm in A, 1.5 mm in C, 2.0 mm in E. In maps, blue dots = new records, red dots = previous collections. 279 Arthonia hypobela Nyl. (syn. Arthonia caudata Willey; Sundin 1999) FIGURES 3C & D. These are the first reports of Arthonia hypobela from Nova Scotia. Two previous unpublished collections were made in southwestern Nova Scotia in 1999 (W. Buck 35677, 35714 [NY, n.v.]). It is characterised by its non-lichenized thallus, irregularly shaped apothecia that are usually unbranched, substrate (Pinus strobus), and hyaline ascospores that are 6 to 8-celled, wider at one end, and often have a tail (elongated at one end) (Sundin 1999, Willey 1887). Specimens examined. – CANADA. NOVA SCOTIA. ANNAPOLIS CO.: Halifax, Kejimkujik National Park and National Historic Site, trees along the parking lot for Roger’s Brook, along the Kejimkujik Main Parkway, 11.xi.2016, corticolous on Pinus strobus, R.T. McMullin et al. 18805 (CANL). HALIFAX CO.: Old Annapolis Road Nature Reserve, at the trailhead parking lot for the Old Annapolis Road hiking trail along Hiking Trail Road, young forest, edge trees, 25.vi.2017, corticolous on P. strobus, R.T. McMullin et al. 17336 (CANL); Halifax, Point Pleasant Park, along Cable Road, ~50 m S of Cambridge Drive, mixed-wood coastal forest, 22.vi.2017, corticolous on P. strobus, R.T. McMullin 17286 (CANL). QUEENS CO.: Halifax, Kejimkujik National Park and National Historic Site, at the end of Fire Tower Road, at the Fire Tower, mature mixed-wood forest, 11.xi.2016, corticolous on P. strobus, R.T. McMullin et al. 18806 (CANL). Arthonia vinosa Leight. FIGURES 3E & F. Arthonia vinosa is widespread in North America, but it is known from relatively few collections (Lendemer et al. 2013). Though this is the first published record for Nova Scotia, A. vinosa was included in an unpublished list for the province compiled by Rick Fournier, which, nevertheless, did not provide voucher information. This species
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1307 Fungi Representing 1139 Infrageneric Taxa, 317 Genera and 66 Families ⇑ Jolanta Miadlikowska A, , Frank Kauff B,1, Filip Högnabba C, Jeffrey C
    Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 79 (2014) 132–168 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev A multigene phylogenetic synthesis for the class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota): 1307 fungi representing 1139 infrageneric taxa, 317 genera and 66 families ⇑ Jolanta Miadlikowska a, , Frank Kauff b,1, Filip Högnabba c, Jeffrey C. Oliver d,2, Katalin Molnár a,3, Emily Fraker a,4, Ester Gaya a,5, Josef Hafellner e, Valérie Hofstetter a,6, Cécile Gueidan a,7, Mónica A.G. Otálora a,8, Brendan Hodkinson a,9, Martin Kukwa f, Robert Lücking g, Curtis Björk h, Harrie J.M. Sipman i, Ana Rosa Burgaz j, Arne Thell k, Alfredo Passo l, Leena Myllys c, Trevor Goward h, Samantha Fernández-Brime m, Geir Hestmark n, James Lendemer o, H. Thorsten Lumbsch g, Michaela Schmull p, Conrad L. Schoch q, Emmanuël Sérusiaux r, David R. Maddison s, A. Elizabeth Arnold t, François Lutzoni a,10, Soili Stenroos c,10 a Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0338, USA b FB Biologie, Molecular Phylogenetics, 13/276, TU Kaiserslautern, Postfach 3049, 67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany c Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural History, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland d Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, 358 ESC, 21 Sachem Street, New Haven, CT 06511, USA e Institut für Botanik, Karl-Franzens-Universität, Holteigasse 6, A-8010 Graz, Austria f Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, University of Gdan´sk, ul. Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdan´sk, Poland g Science and Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S.
    [Show full text]
  • Lichens of Alaska's South Coast
    United States Department of Agriculture Lichens of Alaska’s South Coast Forest Service R10-RG-190 Alaska Region Reprint April 2014 WHAT IS A LICHEN? Lichens are specialized fungi that “farm” algae as a food source. Unlike molds, mildews, and mushrooms that parasitize or scavenge food from other organisms, the fungus of a lichen cultivates tiny algae and / or blue-green bacteria (called cyanobacteria) within the fabric of interwoven fungal threads that form the body of the lichen (or thallus). The algae and cyanobacteria produce food for themselves and for the fungus by converting carbon dioxide and water into sugars using the sun’s energy (photosynthesis). Thus, a lichen is a combination of two or sometimes three organisms living together. Perhaps the most important contribution of the fungus is to provide a protective habitat for the algae or cyanobacteria. The green or blue-green photosynthetic layer is often visible between two white fungal layers if a piece of lichen thallus is torn off. Most lichen-forming fungi cannot exist without the photosynthetic partner because they have become dependent on them for survival. But in all cases, a fungus looks quite different in the lichenized form compared to its free-living form. HOW DO LICHENS REPRODUCE? Lichens sexually reproduce with fruiting bodies of various shapes and colors that can often look like miniature mushrooms. These are called apothecia (Fig. 1) and contain spores that germinate and Figure 1. Apothecia, fruiting grow into the fungus. Each bodies fungus must find the right photosynthetic partner in order to become a lichen. Lichens reproduce asexually in several ways.
    [Show full text]
  • Lichens and Associated Fungi from Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska
    The Lichenologist (2020), 52,61–181 doi:10.1017/S0024282920000079 Standard Paper Lichens and associated fungi from Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska Toby Spribille1,2,3 , Alan M. Fryday4 , Sergio Pérez-Ortega5 , Måns Svensson6, Tor Tønsberg7, Stefan Ekman6 , Håkon Holien8,9, Philipp Resl10 , Kevin Schneider11, Edith Stabentheiner2, Holger Thüs12,13 , Jan Vondrák14,15 and Lewis Sharman16 1Department of Biological Sciences, CW405, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2R3, Canada; 2Department of Plant Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Graz, NAWI Graz, Holteigasse 6, 8010 Graz, Austria; 3Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, Montana 59812, USA; 4Herbarium, Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA; 5Real Jardín Botánico (CSIC), Departamento de Micología, Calle Claudio Moyano 1, E-28014 Madrid, Spain; 6Museum of Evolution, Uppsala University, Norbyvägen 16, SE-75236 Uppsala, Sweden; 7Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen Allégt. 41, P.O. Box 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway; 8Faculty of Bioscience and Aquaculture, Nord University, Box 2501, NO-7729 Steinkjer, Norway; 9NTNU University Museum, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway; 10Faculty of Biology, Department I, Systematic Botany and Mycology, University of Munich (LMU), Menzinger Straße 67, 80638 München, Germany; 11Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK; 12Botany Department, State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart, Rosenstein 1, 70191 Stuttgart, Germany; 13Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW7 5BD, UK; 14Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic; 15Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1760, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic and 16Glacier Bay National Park & Preserve, P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • Lichens of Alaska's South Coast
    Lichens of Alaska’s South Coast United States Forest Service R10-RG-190 Department of Alaska Region July 2011 Agriculture WHAT IS A LICHEN? Lichens are specialized fungi that “farm” algae as a food source. Unlike molds, mildews, and mushrooms that parasi ze or scavenge food from other organisms, the fungus of a lichen cul vates ny algae and / or blue-green bacteria (called cyanobacteria) within the fabric of interwoven fungal threads that form the body of the lichen (or thallus). The algae and cyanobacteria produce food for themselves and for the fungus by conver ng carbon dioxide and water into sugars using the sun’s energy (photosynthesis). Thus, a lichen is a combina on of two or some mes three organisms living together. Perhaps the most important contribu on of the fungus is to provide a protec ve habitat for the algae or cyanobacteria. The green or blue-green photosynthe c layer is o en visible between two white fungal layers if a piece of lichen thallus is torn off . Most lichen-forming fungi cannot exist without the photosynthe c partner because they have become dependent on them for survival. But in all cases, a fungus looks quite diff erent in the lichenized form compared to its free-living form. HOW DO LICHENS REPRODUCE? Lichens sexually reproduce with frui ng bodies of various shapes and colors that can o en look like miniature mushrooms. These are called apothecia (Fig. 1) and contain spores that germinate and Figure 1. Apothecia, fruiting grow into the fungus. Each bodies fungus must fi nd the right photosynthe c partner in order to become a lichen.
    [Show full text]
  • The Phylogeny of Plant and Animal Pathogens in the Ascomycota
    Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology (2001) 59, 165±187 doi:10.1006/pmpp.2001.0355, available online at http://www.idealibrary.com on MINI-REVIEW The phylogeny of plant and animal pathogens in the Ascomycota MARY L. BERBEE* Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Blvd, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada (Accepted for publication August 2001) What makes a fungus pathogenic? In this review, phylogenetic inference is used to speculate on the evolution of plant and animal pathogens in the fungal Phylum Ascomycota. A phylogeny is presented using 297 18S ribosomal DNA sequences from GenBank and it is shown that most known plant pathogens are concentrated in four classes in the Ascomycota. Animal pathogens are also concentrated, but in two ascomycete classes that contain few, if any, plant pathogens. Rather than appearing as a constant character of a class, the ability to cause disease in plants and animals was gained and lost repeatedly. The genes that code for some traits involved in pathogenicity or virulence have been cloned and characterized, and so the evolutionary relationships of a few of the genes for enzymes and toxins known to play roles in diseases were explored. In general, these genes are too narrowly distributed and too recent in origin to explain the broad patterns of origin of pathogens. Co-evolution could potentially be part of an explanation for phylogenetic patterns of pathogenesis. Robust phylogenies not only of the fungi, but also of host plants and animals are becoming available, allowing for critical analysis of the nature of co-evolutionary warfare. Host animals, particularly human hosts have had little obvious eect on fungal evolution and most cases of fungal disease in humans appear to represent an evolutionary dead end for the fungus.
    [Show full text]
  • A Multigene Phylogenetic Synthesis for the Class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota): 1307 Fungi Representing 1139 Infrageneric Taxa, 317 Genera and 66 Families
    A multigene phylogenetic synthesis for the class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota): 1307 fungi representing 1139 infrageneric taxa, 317 genera and 66 families Miadlikowska, J., Kauff, F., Högnabba, F., Oliver, J. C., Molnár, K., Fraker, E., ... & Stenroos, S. (2014). A multigene phylogenetic synthesis for the class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota): 1307 fungi representing 1139 infrageneric taxa, 317 genera and 66 families. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 79, 132-168. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2014.04.003 10.1016/j.ympev.2014.04.003 Elsevier Version of Record http://cdss.library.oregonstate.edu/sa-termsofuse Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 79 (2014) 132–168 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev A multigene phylogenetic synthesis for the class Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota): 1307 fungi representing 1139 infrageneric taxa, 317 genera and 66 families ⇑ Jolanta Miadlikowska a, , Frank Kauff b,1, Filip Högnabba c, Jeffrey C. Oliver d,2, Katalin Molnár a,3, Emily Fraker a,4, Ester Gaya a,5, Josef Hafellner e, Valérie Hofstetter a,6, Cécile Gueidan a,7, Mónica A.G. Otálora a,8, Brendan Hodkinson a,9, Martin Kukwa f, Robert Lücking g, Curtis Björk h, Harrie J.M. Sipman i, Ana Rosa Burgaz j, Arne Thell k, Alfredo Passo l, Leena Myllys c, Trevor Goward h, Samantha Fernández-Brime m, Geir Hestmark n, James Lendemer o, H. Thorsten Lumbsch g, Michaela Schmull p, Conrad L. Schoch q, Emmanuël Sérusiaux r, David R. Maddison s, A. Elizabeth Arnold t, François Lutzoni a,10,
    [Show full text]
  • Lichens of the National Forests in Alaska
    Lichens of the National Forests in Alaska United States Forest Service R10-RG-170 Department of Alaska Region August 2006 Agriculture What is a Lichen? You can think of lichens as fungi that have discovered farm- ing. Instead of parasitizing or scavenging other organisms for a living (such as molds, mildews, mushrooms), lichen fungi cultivate tiny algae and/or blue-green bacteria (called cyanobacteria) within the fabric of interwoven fungal threads that form the lichen body (or thallus). The algae and cyano- bacteria produce food for the fungus by converting the sun’s energy into sugars through photosynthesis. Perhaps the most important contribution of the fungus is to provide a protective habitat for the algae or cyanobacteria. Thus, lichens are a combination of two or three organisms that live together inti- mately. The green or blue-green photosynthetic layer is often visible between two white fungal layers if a piece of lichen thallus is torn off. In some cases, the fungus and the photosynthetic partner that together make the lichen may be found living separately in nature. However, many lichen-forming fungi cannot exist by themselves because they have become dependent on their photosynthetic partners for survival. But in all cases, a fungus looks quite different in the lichenized form compared to its free-living form. How do Lichens Reproduce? Lichens sexually reproduce with fruiting bodies of various colors that can look like miniature mushrooms. These are called apothecia (Fig. 1) and contain spores that germinate and grow into the fungus. This fungus must find the right photosynthetic partner in order to become a lichen.
    [Show full text]
  • New Insights Into Classification and Evolution of the Lecanoromycetes (Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota) from Phylogenetic Analyses Of
    Mycologia, 98(6), 2006, pp. 1088–1103. # 2006 by The Mycological Society of America, Lawrence, KS 66044-8897 New insights into classification and evolution of the Lecanoromycetes (Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota) from phylogenetic analyses of three ribosomal RNA- and two protein-coding genes Jolanta Miadlikowska1 Soili Stenroos Frank Kauff Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum of Natural Vale´rie Hofstetter History, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 7, FI-00014 Emily Fraker Finland Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, Irwin Brodo North Carolina 27708-0338 Canadian Museum of Nature, P.O. Box 3443, Station Martin Grube D, Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 6P4 Canada Josef Hafellner Gary B. Perlmutter Institut fu¨ r Botanik, Karl-Franzens-Universita¨t, North Carolina Botanical Garden, University of North Holteigasse 6, A-8010, Graz, Austria Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB 3375, Totten Center, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599-3375 Vale´rie Reeb Brendan P. Hodkinson Damien Ertz Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, National Botanic Garden of Belgium, Department of North Carolina 27708-0338 Bryophytes-Thallophytes, Domaine de Bouchout, B-1860 Meise, Belgium Martin Kukwa Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Paul Diederich Conservation, Gdansk University, A. Legionow 9, Muse´e national d’histoire naturelle, 25 rue Munster, 80-441 Gdansk, Poland L-2160 Luxembourg, Luxembourg Robert Lu¨cking James C. Lendemer Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 South Lake Department of Botany, Academy of Natural Sciences of Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496 Philadelphia, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19103 Geir Hestmark Department of Biology, University of Oslo, P.O. Box Philip May 1066 Blindern, NO-0316 Oslo, Norway Farlow Herbarium, Harvard University, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Monica Garcia Otalora A´ rea de Biodiversidad y Conservacio´n, ESCET, Conrad L.
    [Show full text]
  • Mediterranean Cladoniaceae A
    Mediterranean Cladoniaceae A. R. Burgaz, T. Ahti & R. Pino-Bodas Spanish Lichen Society (SEL) Madrid 2020 Mediterranean Cladoniaceae Ana Rosa Burgaz, Teuvo Ahti & Raquel Pino-Bodas Spanish Lichen Society (SEL) Madrid 2020 Mediterranean Cladoniaceae Ana Rosa Burgaz (Complutense University, Madrid) Teuvo Ahti (Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki) Raquel Pino-Bodas (Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew) Photographer: Pablo Galán-Cela (Polytechnic University, Madrid) Cladoniaceae Supported by research project CGL2013-41839-P. Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, Spain. With the collaboration of Prof Soili Stenroos (Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki), Dr Edit Farkas and Dr László Lőkös (Hungarian Academy of Sciences and Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest), Dr Mohammad Sohrabi (Iranian Research Organization for Science and Technology, Tehran), Dr Ayhan Şenkardeşler (University of Ege, Izmir, Turkey) and under the auspices of the Spanish Lichen Society (SEL) www.ucm.es/info/seliquen © Sociedad Española de Liquenología (SEL) Depósito Legal: B-18067-2020 ISBN: 978-84-09-21610-9 Impresión: erasOnze Artes Gráficas Cladoniaceae Introduction The Old World Mediterranean Region lies in Southern Central Italy have a temperate climate in the lower levels, Europe, Southeast Asia and Northern Africa, surround- while above the treeline the climate is alpine (for more ing the Mediterranean Sea basin (Fig. 1). Although it information see Nimis 2016). Most of Morocco, Algeria, represents only 1.6% of the land area of the planet, 10% Tunisia and Libya present desert climates. of all known vascular plants grow in this region, 50% of The Mediterranean lichens have been more in- which being endemic (Cowling et al. 1996). The domi- tensely studied in some countries for which a complete nant vegetation in this region is of sclerophyllous type, lichen flora or checklist exist.
    [Show full text]
  • Phylogeny of the Family Cladoniaceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota) Based on Sequences of Multiple Loci
    Cladistics Cladistics 35 (2019) 351–384 10.1111/cla.12363 Phylogeny of the family Cladoniaceae (Lecanoromycetes, Ascomycota) based on sequences of multiple loci Soili Stenroosa,*,†,RaquelPino-Bodasb,*,†,‡,JaakkoHyvonen€ a, Helge Thorsten Lumbschc and Teuvo Ahtia aFinnish Museum of Natural History, Botany Unit, University of Helsinki, PO Box 47, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland; bReal Jardın Botanico, CSIC, Plaza de Murillo 2, 28014, Madrid, Spain; cScience & Education, The Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA Accepted 15 October 2018 Abstract Cladoniaceae is a family of lichenized fungi that belongs to the Lecanorales, Ascomycota. The family is distributed widely, although several genera are restricted to the Southern Hemisphere. The circumscriptions of the genera and species in the family have traditionally been based on thallus morphology, the type of vegetative propagules and the secondary metabolites. However, numerous species are highly variable phenotypically, making their delimitation problematic. In the present study a new phy- logeny of Cladoniaceae is constructed using five loci (ITS rDNA, IGS rDNA, RPB2, RPB1, EF-1a) from a worldwide sample of 643 specimens representing 304 species. Cladoniaceae was resolved as a monophyletic group. The circumscription of the gen- era and the relationships among them are discussed. Pycnothelia, Carassea and Metus are closely related, forming a sister clade to the larger genus Cladonia. Cladia in its recent wide sense turned out to be paraphyletic, including species that have been rec- ognized in Thysanothecium and Notocladonia. Cladonia was resolved as monophyletic, with C. wainioi as the earliest diverging lineage. Eleven major clades were resolved in Cladonia. No synapomorphies were found for most of them.
    [Show full text]
  • SPECIES of the WEEK Devil's Matchstick Pilophorus Acicularis
    SPECIES OF THE WEEK Devil’s Matchstick Pilophorus acicularis Cipín an deabhail Devil’s Match stick, or nail lichen is a distinctive club lichen that looks like an oddly-coloured match: the straiGht to somewhat curved club is white to pale Green with a shiny black or red ball-shaped tip. These stick structures start life on a rock surface as Granular crust, which is known as the crustose, primary thallus. The lichen then develops fruticose (shrub-like) stalks up to 3cm tall and 1mm thick, with the coloured tip forminG the fruitinG body. The lichen is found on silicate stone in cool, moist forests at all elevations. It is more common at low elevations and is often found near waterfalls. Probably the most abundant species of the Genus, most species have been found on the west coast of North America as far north as Alaska. It is found in Ireland on peaty soil, mossy rocks on heathland and also on rottinG loGs. Devil’s matchstick is a tripartite lichen, meaninG it contains a funGus, a Green alGae and a cyanobacterium. Cyanobacteria are very important for the lichens survival as they can fix nitroGen from the air, allowinG the species to colonise nitroGen poor areas like rocks while also contributinG to soil fertility. Rock-colonizinG lichens (saxicolous lichen) like devil’s matchstick are also important in soil formation; they slowly loosen microscopic particles of rock, and by accumulatinG these particles as well as dust and other airborne particles they pave the way for mosses and other species to Grow on that substrate.
    [Show full text]
  • Lichen the Little Things - by Ashley Conley, Water Center Educator
    Share this: December 2020 Newsletter Connecting Virtually As we go through the holiday season and approach the new year, many things look different, especially events. For staff at the Water Center, we are looking forward to connecting with you virtually and hope to provide more opportunities for volunteer events and other learning workshops in the future. We are all finding new ways to stay connected and support one another. Please take care of yourself and your loved ones during these unprecedented times. In the meantime, stay connected with the Water Resources Education Center virtually with our new videos and our Online Community Learning Page. Discover facts about your local watersheds, fish, birds, native plants and lots more. Facebook and Instagram are also great ways to uncover fun and interesting environmental tidbits. Thank you for your continued patience. Please feel free to email questions or comments to [email protected]. #StaySafe #StayHealthy #StayStrongVancouverWA Thank you Volunteers! During the past two months, the Water Center hosted four volunteer garden cleanup events. With the goal of becoming a mature demonstration garden for the Backyard Habitat Certification Program, we asked the community for assistance. Vancouver volunteers responded with enthusiasm and dedication! Following COVID-19 distancing and masking protocol, our dedicated volunteers were able to prune trees, remove large patches of invasive Himalayan blackberry and stomp out “Stinky Bob,” aka Herb Robert. We raked and utilized leaf litter as mulch, essentially tucking in our lovely plants for the cold winter months ahead. THANK YOU to all of you who came out with your helping hands! Even masked, the smiles in the eyes of volunteers and staff could not be hidden as we experienced the joy and healing of being outside in nature together.
    [Show full text]