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The Lichen Genus Stereocaulon (Schreb.) Hoffm. in Poland

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The Lichen Genus Stereocaulon (Schreb.) Hoffm. in Poland Monographiae Botanicae 104 Magdalena Oset The lichen genus Stereocaulon (Schreb.) Hoffm. in Poland – a taxonomic and ecological study Monographiae Botanicae 104 Official publication of the Polish Botanical Society Magdalena Oset The lichen genus Stereocaulon (Schreb.) Hoffm. in Poland – a taxonomic and ecological study Wrocław 2014 Editor-in-Chief Zygmunt Kącki, University of Wrocław, Poland Honorary Editor-in-Chief Krystyna Czyżewska, University of Łódź, Poland Chairman of the Editorial Council Jacek Herbich, University of Gdańsk, Poland Editorial Council Gian Pietro Giusso del Galdo, University of Catania, Italy Jan Holeksa, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland Czesław Hołdyński, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Poland Bogdan Jackowiak, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland Stefania Loster, Jagiellonian University, Poland Zbigniew Mirek, Polish Academy of Sciences, Cracow, Poland Valentina Neshataeva, Russian Botanical Society St. Petersburg, Russian Federation Vilém Pavlů, Grassland Research Station in Liberec, Czech Republic Agnieszka Anna Popiela, University of Szczecin, Poland Waldemar Żukowski, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Poland Reviewers Paweł Czarnota, University of Rzeszów, Poland Mark Seaward, University of Bradford, United Kingdom Editorial Secretary Marta Czarniecka, University of Wrocław, Poland Managing Editor/Production Editor Piotr Otręba, Polish Botanical Society, Poland Deputy Managing Editor Mateusz Labudda, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland Editorial office University of Wrocław Institute of Environmental Biology, Department of Botany Kanonia 6/8, 50-328 Wrocław, Poland tel.: +48 71 375 4084 email: [email protected] e-ISSN: 2392-2923 e-ISBN: 978-83-86292-19-6 p-ISSN: 0077-0655 p-ISBN: 978-83-86292-34-9 DOI: 10.5586/mb.2014.001 © The Author(s) 2014. This is an Open Access publication distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License (creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, provided that the original work is properly cited. Published by Polish Botanical Society Al. Ujazdowskie 4, 00-478 Warsaw, Poland pbsociety.org.pl Contents 1. Introduction 5 1.1. Lichenological researches on Stereocaulon 7 1.2. Aims of the study 7 2. Object of the study 8 2.1. General remarks on the genus Stereocaulon in Europe 8 2.2. Morphological features 10 2.3. Chemistry 14 2.4. Taxonomic position of the genus Stereocaulon and its intergeneric considerations 15 2.5. Infrageneric divisions 15 3. Material and methods 18 3.1. Material 18 3.2. Methods 18 4. Results and discussion 20 4.1. General remarks 20 4.2. Key to Stereocaulon species found in Poland 20 4.3. Characteristics of the Stereocaulon species occurring in Poland 22 4.3.1. Stereocaulon alpinum Laurer 22 4.3.2. Stereocaulon botryosum Ach. 26 4.3.3. Stereocaulon condensatum Hoffm. 28 4.3.4. Stereocaulon dactylophyllum Flörke 33 4.3.5. Stereocaulon evolutum Graewe ex Th. Fr. 36 4.3.6. Stereocaulon incrustatum Flörke 38 4.3.7. Stereocaulon nanodes Tuck. 42 4.3.8. Stereocaulon paschale (L.) Hoffm. 45 4.3.9. Stereocaulon pileatum Ach. 47 4.3.10. Stereocaulon saxatile H. Magn. 50 4.3.11. Stereocaulon spathuliferum Vain. 52 4.3.12. Stereocaulon subcoralloides (Nyl.) Nyl. 53 4.3.13. Stereocaulon taeniarum (H. Magn.) Kivistö 55 4.3.14. Stereocaulon tomentosum Fr. 57 4.3.15. Stereocaulon vesuvianum Pers. 60 4.4. Lichenicolous fungi inhabiting on Stereocaulon in Poland 65 4.4.1. Cercidospora stereocaulorum (Arnold) Haffelner 65 4.4.2. Roselliniella stereocaulorum Zhurb., Kukwa & Oset 66 5. Summary of results and conclusions 70 6. References 71 Plates 78 About the author Magdalena Oset, Department of Plant Taxonomy and Nature Conservation, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland, email: [email protected] Abstract The monograph includes the results of research of the taxonomy, chemistry, ecology and distribution of Stereocaulon alpinum, S. botryosum, S. condensatum, S. dactylophyllum, S. evolutum, S. incrustatum, S. nanodes, S. paschale, S. pileatum, S. saxatile, S. subcoralloides, S. spathuliferum, S. taeniarum, S. to- mentosum and S. vesuvianum in Poland. 1823 specimens from Polish and some European herbaria were examinated. The occurrance of S. spathuliferum has not been confirmed during this study, therefore its status in Poland remains unknown. During the study three lectotypes were designated. The lichenicolous fungi, Cercidospora stereocaulorum and Roselliniella stereocaulorum on Stereocaulon were also noted. A key to known Stereocaulon taxa in Poland, including S. spathuliferum is provided. Keywords lichenized Ascomycota; Stereocaulaceae; taxonomy; lichen chemistry; diversity; Poland Acknowledgements This work was made possibile by generous help from many persons, to whom I wish to express my deep gratitude. Professor Martin Kukwa (University of Gdańsk) for sharing his knowledge of lichen taxonomy, invaluable discussions and help during the work on this study. Professor Dariusz L. Szlachetko (University of Gdańsk) for creating the conditions for work and valuable advises and comments during the work. Professor Krystyna Czyżewska (University of Łódź) for gave me very constructive sugges- tions after critically reading the manuscript, and offered warm hospitality during the consultations. Reviewers for valuable substantive and formal comments. I thank the Curators of the lichen herbaria for loaning material for study: Dr. hab. Paweł Czarnota (University of Rzeszów), Prof. Krystyna Czyżewska (University of Łódź), Dr. Marek Halama (University of Wrocław), Dr. Katarzyna Kolanko (University of Białystok), Dr. Robert Kościelniak (Pedagogical University, Kraków), indebted to my family for their immense patience, Dr. Anna Łubek (The Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce), Dr.Jurga Motiejūnaitė (Nature Research Centre, Vilnius), Prof. Wiesław Mułenko, (Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin), Prof. Maria Olech (Jagiellonian University, Kraków), Dr. Radosław Puchałka (Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń), Dr. Anna Rusińska (Adam Mickiwicz University, Poznań), Dr. hab Zbigniew Sobisz (Pedagogical Academy, Słupsk), Prof. Lucyna Śliwa (Polish Acadamy of Sci- ences, Kraków) and Prof. Teuvo Ahti (Helsinki), Dr. Lőkös László (Budapest), Dr. Rosa I. Meneses Q. (La Paz), Dr. Anders Nordin (Uppsala), Dr. Harrie Sipman (Berlin), Dr. Holger Thüs (London). I also thank: Dr. Maria Kossowska (Wrocław), Dr. Magdalena Opanowicz (London), Prof. Mark Seaward (Bradford), Dr. Katarzyna Szczepańska (Wrocław), Dr. Michał Węgrzyn (Kraków) and Mgr Monika Dimos-Zych (Wrocław) for loaning private collections of Stereocaulon. I am particulary indebted to to my husband Bartłomiej and my daughter Maja for their immense patient. This work was partly supported by grants of Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education No. 0490/B/P01/2008/34 and Gdańsk University grant No. BW/L150-5-0095-9. Competing interests No competing interests have been declared. Oset / The lichen genus Stereocaulon (Schreb.) Hoffm. in Poland 1. Introduction The name Stereocaulon (Schreb.) Hoffm. is known since 1791, when Schreber [1] used it to distinguish section within the genus Lichen L. Unfortunately, the author did not cite any species belonging to this section. In the present, accepted sense Stereocaulon was proposed by Hoffmann [2], who included to this genus S. condensatum Hoffm. and S. paschale (L.) Hoffm., and some species belonging nowadays to other genera: Leprocaulon Nyl., Sphaerophorus Pers., Pertusaria DC., Lichina C. Agardh and Parmeliella Müll. Arg. However, for the first time, the name Stereocaulon in a generic rank was used by Schrader [3], who included it to the name Lichen corallinus L. [=Pertusaria corallina (L.) Arnold]. Therefore, according to Lamb [4], the name Stereocaulon should be used for species currently belonging to the genus Pertusaria DC., described in 1805, and the oldest generic name for Stereocaulon would be Coralloides Hoffm. To avoid a multiplication of the new nomenclatoric combinations, the name Stereocaulon sensu (Schreb.) Hoffm., asnomen conservandum was proposed [4]. The correct name cita- tion is Stereocaulon (Schreb.) Hoffm. not Stereocaulon (Schreb.) Schrad. Meanwhile Dodge [5] designated as a generitype S. pachale – one of those species described by Hoffmann [2]. In the nineteenth century a significant contribution to the understanding of the lichen genus Stereocaulon was brought by Th. Fries and W. Nylander. The first published monographic treatment of the genus was written by Fries [6,7], who described many new representatives. After revision of the type specimens, eight of these taxa were accepted, while others were considered as synonyms of previously described species of Stereocaulon. The taxonomic position of some of them still remains unclear. Nylander [8–13] also described new taxa within Stereocaulon, eight of them [S. apocalypticum Nyl., S. corticatulum Nyl., S. curtatum Nyl., S. exutum Nyl., S. foliolosum Nyl., S. pityrizans Nyl., S. subcoralloides (Nyl.) Nyl. and S. verruciferum Nyl.] are actually accepted. The first work devoted to the genus taxonomy in the twentieth century was published by Riddle [14], who reported nine species from North America and presented the key for their determination. In addition, this author, focused for the first time on phyllocladia as an impor- tant diagnostic character. The names that he proposed for the structures are in use till today. In the following years, articles on the
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