The Leaf Structure of the Iridaceae, Considered in Relation to the Phyllode Theory
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Culture Notes for Spring Flowering Bulbs 1 ALLIUMS Alliums Are Easy to Grow
P.O.Box 369, New Norfolk, 7140, Tasmania, Australia Ph: (03) 6261 3153 [email protected] www.vogelvry.com.au Tulipa ‘World Peace’ CULTURE NOTES FOR SPRING FLOWERING BULBS 1 ALLIUMS Alliums are easy to grow. Plant bulbs just below the surface in a sunny position in a well drained soil. Alliums may be dug and stored like onions after leaves die down. ALSTROEMERIA Alstroemeria tubers require a moist, well drained soil and should be planted in a sunny or semi-shaded position with mulch added in warm climates to keep the root system cool. The tubers need to be planted as soon as possible after arrival and should never Allium Ampeloprasum be allowed to dry out. Excellent cut flowers which grow to a height of 100 cm. AMARYLLIS Belladonna Lilies Grow these in a moderately fertile, well- drained soil in full sun. Plant bulbs shallow with the neck just below the surface and water moderately during growing season. These need to be protected from severe frost. Keep bulbs dry while dormant in late summer. These bulbs are excellent for naturalising in the garden and require minimal care once established. ANEMONES These are ideal for mass planting. The small bulbs may be soaked in cold water for 24 hours prior to planting 7-10 cm deep in mainly full sun. Easy to grow as a colourful ‘filler’ in any garden. BRODIAE Queen Fabiola Plant 7 cm deep in full sun or partial shade. Easy to grow. CHIONODOXA Glory in the Snow Plant 10 cm deep and 15 cm apart either in full sun or semi-shaded position. -
Rediscovery of Crocus Biflorus Var. Estriatus (Iridaceae) 23 Doi: 10.3897/Italianbotanist.6.28729 RESEARCH ARTICLE
Italian Botanist 6: 23–30 (2018)Rediscovery of Crocus biflorus var. estriatus (Iridaceae) 23 doi: 10.3897/italianbotanist.6.28729 RESEARCH ARTICLE http://italianbotanist.pensoft.net Rediscovery of Crocus biflorus var. estriatus (Iridaceae) and its taxonomic characterisation Francesco Roma-Marzio1, Doerte Harpke2, Lorenzo Peruzzi1 1 Dipartimento di Biologia, Università di Pisa, Via Derna 1, 56126 Pisa, Italy 2 Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Research (IPK), Gatersleben, Germany Corresponding author: Lorenzo Peruzzi ([email protected]) Academic editor: Vitor Miranda | Received 30 July 2018 | Accepted 3 September 2018 | Published 5 September 2018 Citation: Roma-Marzio F, Harpke D, Peruzzi L (2018) Rediscovery of Crocus biflorus var. estriatus (Iridaceae) and its taxonomic characterisation. Italian Botanist 6: 23–30. https://doi.org/10.3897/italianbotanist.6.28729 Abstract The Italian endemicCrocus biflorus usually shows white or lilac flowers with three-to-five striking violet longitudinal stripes on the outer tepals, but unstriped plants were recorded in the past. These plants were originally described as C. annulatus subvar. estriatus, and subsequently recombined as a variety of C. biflo- rus. The rediscovery of such plants in Toscana gave us the opportunity to clarify their systematic relation- ships, so that we typified the name, and performed karyological and ITS analyses. These plants share the same chromosome number (2n = 2x = 8) and ITS sequence with C. biflorus s. str. Keywords Chromosome number, Herbert, Italian endemics, ITS, typification Introduction The genus Crocus L. (Iridaceae) consists of about 200 recognized species, ranging from western Europe and north-western Africa to western China, with a centre of diversity in the Balkan Peninsula and in Turkey (Mathew 1982, Harpke et al. -
Radiation in the Cape Flora and the Phylogeny of Peacock Irises Moraea
ARTICLE IN PRESS MOLECULAR PHYLOGENETICS AND EVOLUTION Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution xxx (2002) xxx–xxx www.academicpress.com Radiation in the Cape flora and the phylogeny of peacock irises Moraea (Iridaceae) based on four plastid DNA regions Peter Goldblatt,a Vincent Savolainen,b,* Obie Porteous,b Ivan Sostaric,b Martyn Powell,b Gail Reeves,c John C. Manning,c Timothy G. Barraclough,d and Mark W. Chaseb a Missouri Botanical Garden, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, Missouri 63166, USA b Molecular Systematics Section, Jodrell Laboratory, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond TW9 3DS, UK c National Botanical Institute, Kirstenbosch, Private Bag X7, Cape Town, South Africa d Department of Biology and NERC Centre for Population Biology, Imperial College, Silwood Park, Ascot, Berkshire SL5 7PY, UK Received 2 February 2002; received in revised form 22 April 2002 Abstract Phylogenetic analyses of four plastid DNA regions, the rbcL exon, trnL intron, trnL–trnF intergenic spacer, and rps16 intron from each of 73 species in the African genus Moraea (Iridaceae: Irideae) including accessions of all major species clusters in the genus, show Moraea to be paraphyletic when Barnardiella, Galaxia, Hexaglottis, Homeria (all southern African), and Gynandriris (Eurasian as well) were recognized as separate genera. There are several small, isolated species clusters at the basal nodes of the tree that are all restricted to the winter-rainfall zone of southern Africa (the Greater Cape floral kingdom) and a few, highly derived, large species groups that have radiated extensively within the winter-rainfall zone. Mapping of floral traits shows that an Iris-type flower is ancestral in Moraea. -
Outline of Angiosperm Phylogeny
Outline of angiosperm phylogeny: orders, families, and representative genera with emphasis on Oregon native plants Priscilla Spears December 2013 The following listing gives an introduction to the phylogenetic classification of the flowering plants that has emerged in recent decades, and which is based on nucleic acid sequences as well as morphological and developmental data. This listing emphasizes temperate families of the Northern Hemisphere and is meant as an overview with examples of Oregon native plants. It includes many exotic genera that are grown in Oregon as ornamentals plus other plants of interest worldwide. The genera that are Oregon natives are printed in a blue font. Genera that are exotics are shown in black, however genera in blue may also contain non-native species. Names separated by a slash are alternatives or else the nomenclature is in flux. When several genera have the same common name, the names are separated by commas. The order of the family names is from the linear listing of families in the APG III report. For further information, see the references on the last page. Basal Angiosperms (ANITA grade) Amborellales Amborellaceae, sole family, the earliest branch of flowering plants, a shrub native to New Caledonia – Amborella Nymphaeales Hydatellaceae – aquatics from Australasia, previously classified as a grass Cabombaceae (water shield – Brasenia, fanwort – Cabomba) Nymphaeaceae (water lilies – Nymphaea; pond lilies – Nuphar) Austrobaileyales Schisandraceae (wild sarsaparilla, star vine – Schisandra; Japanese -
William Herbert (1778--1847) Scientist and Polymath, and His Contributions to Curtis's Botanical Magazine
WILLIAM HERBERT (1778–1847) SCIENTIST AND POLYMATH, AND HIS CONTRIBUTIONS TO CURTIS’S BOTANICAL MAGAZINE Alison Rix ‘Hon. and Rev. W. Herbert, afterwards Dean of Manchester, in the fourth volume of the ‘Horticultural Transactions’, 1822, and in his work on the ‘Amaryllidaceae’ (1837, pp. 19, 339), declares that ‘horticultural experiments have established, beyond the possibility of refutation, that botanical species are only a higher and more permanent class of varieties’. He extends the same view to animals. The Dean believes that single species of each genus were created in an originally highly plastic condition, and that these have produced, chiefly by intercrossing, but likewise by variation, all our existing species’. [Preface to the third edition (1860) of On the Origin of Species,by Charles Darwin] The Hon. and Rev. William Herbert, often known as Dean Herbert, to whom Vol. 65 (1839) of Curtis’s Botanical Magazine was dedicated, was an exceptional polymath – a poet and classical scholar, linguist, reforming MP, clergyman – as well as amateur botanist and botanical artist. His best-known botanical work, illustrated with 48 of his own paintings, was the two volume work Amaryllidaceae, quoted above by Darwin. Although this extraordinary man counted botany as just one of his many interests, his output was prodigious; in addition to studying and breeding plants, such as Crocus, Gladiolus, Hippeastrum, Narcissus and Rhododendron, he also wrote and drew prolifically for journals such as Curtis’s Botanical Magazine and its rival publication, Edwards’s Botanical Register. In addition to Darwin, he corresponded with many other notable people, including Sir William Hooker and William Fox Talbot, and his letters paint a picture of a rather serious and industrious character. -
Diet of Gazella Subgutturosa (G黮denstaedt, 1780) and Food
Folia Zool. – 61 (1): 54–60 (2012) Diet of Gazella subgutturosa (Güldenstaedt, 1780) and food overlap with domestic sheep in Xinjiang, China Wenxuan XU1,2, Canjun XIA1,2, Jie LIN1,2, Weikang YANG1*, David A. BLANK1, Jianfang QIAO1 and Wei LIU3 1 Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi, 830011, China; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China 3 School of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China Received 16 May 2011; Accepted 12 August 2011 Abstract. The natural diet of goitred gazelle (Gazella subgutturosa) was studied over the period of a year in northern Xinjiang, China using microhistological analysis. The winter food habits of the goitred gazelle and domestic sheep were also compared. The microhistological analysis method demonstrated that gazelle ate 47 species of plants during the year. Chenopodiaceae and Poaceae were major foods, and ephemeral plants were used mostly during spring. Stipa glareosa was a major food item of gazelle throughout the year, Ceratoides latens was mainly used in spring and summer, whereas in autumn and winter, gazelles consumed a large amount of Haloxylon ammodendron. Because of the extremely warm and dry weather during summer and autumn, succulent plants like Allium polyrhizum, Zygophyllum rosovii, Salsola subcrassa were favored by gazelles. In winter, goitred gazelle and domestic sheep in Kalamaili reserve had strong food competition; with an overlap in diet of 0.77. The number of sheep in the reserve should be reduced to lessen the pressure of competition. -
The Genus Crocus (Liliiflorae, Iridaceae): Lifecycle, Morphology, Phenotypic Characteristics, and Taxonomical Relevant Parameters 27-65 Kerndorff & Al
ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Stapfia Jahr/Year: 2015 Band/Volume: 0103 Autor(en)/Author(s): Kerndorf Helmut, Pasche Erich, Harpke Dörte Artikel/Article: The Genus Crocus (Liliiflorae, Iridaceae): Lifecycle, Morphology, Phenotypic Characteristics, and Taxonomical Relevant Parameters 27-65 KERNDORFF & al. • Crocus: Life-Cycle, Morphology, Taxonomy STAPFIA 103 (2015): 27–65 The Genus Crocus (Liliiflorae, Iridaceae): Life- cycle, Morphology, Phenotypic Characteristics, and Taxonomical Relevant Parameters HELMUT KERNDORFF1, ERICH PASCHE2 & DÖRTE HARPKE3 Abstract: The genus Crocus L. was studied by the authors for more than 30 years in nature as well as in cultivation. Since 1982 when the last review of the genus was published by Brian Mathew many new taxa were found and work dealing with special parameters of Crocus, like the Calcium-oxalate crystals in the corm tunics, were published. Introducing molecular-systematic analyses to the genus brought a completely new understanding of Crocus that presents itself now far away from being small and easy-structured. This work was initiated by the idea that a detailed study accompanied by drawings and photographs is necessary to widen and sharpen the view for the important details of the genus. Therefore we look at the life-cycle of the plants as well as at important morphological and phenotypical characteristics of Crocus. Especially important to us is the explained determination of relevant taxonomical parameters which are necessary for a mistake-free identification of the rapidly increasing numbers of discovered species and for the creation of determination keys. Zusammenfassung: Die Gattung Crocus wird seit mehr als 30 Jahren von den Autoren sowohl in der Natur als auch in Kultur studiert. -
Biolphilately Vol-64 No-3
Vol. 67 (1) Biophilately March 2018 23 NEW PLANTS IN THE PHILATELIC HERBARIUM Christopher E. Dahle, BU1269 This is the third edition of this column. Let us see what we can do to have more entries with smaller file sizes. Spiraea cantoniensis. ROSACEAE, Reeves’ Spirea Synonyms: S. cantoniensis var. cantoniensis, S. lanceolata, S. neumannii, S. reevesiana Reeves’ Spirea is a bush 1.2–1.8 m tall with cascading white flowering branches. Flowers about 1 cm diameter in clusters 5 cm appear in spring. Native to China and Japan. Cultivated for centuries. Japan Sc#3982c. Hospitality Flowers Series 5 (Omotenashi) issued 1 April 2016. Designed by Nakamaru Hitomi. The title “Omotenashi” represents the spirit of service and hospitality for the guests. Zingiber mioga. ZINGIBERACEAE, Japanese Ginger, Myoga Ginger Synonyms: Amomum mioga; Z. echuanense; Z. mijooka; Z. sjooka Deciduous, herbaceous perennial found in Japan, China, and Korea. It grows naturally in the understory of forests. Grown commercially for spring shoots and young flower buds produced in autumn. Flower buds are used in soups, tempura, pickled, and as a spice. Japan Sc#3993b. Vegetable and Fruits Series 6 issued 20 May 2016. Stamps were designed by Taamaki Akira and illustrated by Hatano Hikaru. Printed in offset in six colors. Abies homolepis. PINACEAE, Nikko Fir Tree 25–40 m, needles 3 cm, purplish cones 6–12 cm. Native to mountainous regions of Japan at altitudes 700–2000 m. Not important for timber. Grown as ornamental in Japan and Europe. Japan Sc#3997b. Afforestation issue, 3 June 2016. Designed by Tamaki Akira. Printed in offset in six colors. -
Nature Conservation
J. Nat. Conserv. 11, – (2003) Journal for © Urban & Fischer Verlag http://www.urbanfischer.de/journals/jnc Nature Conservation Constructing Red Numbers for setting conservation priorities of endangered plant species: Israeli flora as a test case Yuval Sapir1*, Avi Shmida1 & Ori Fragman1,2 1 Rotem – Israel Plant Information Center, Dept. of Evolution, Systematics and Ecology,The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904, Israel; e-mail: [email protected] 2 Present address: Botanical Garden,The Hebrew University, Givat Ram, Jerusalem 91904, Israel Abstract A common problem in conservation policy is to define the priority of a certain species to invest conservation efforts when resources are limited. We suggest a method of constructing red numbers for plant species, in order to set priorities in con- servation policy. The red number is an additive index, summarising values of four parameters: 1. Rarity – The number of sites (1 km2) where the species is present. A rare species is defined when present in 0.5% of the area or less. 2. Declining rate and habitat vulnerability – Evaluate the decreasing rate in the number of sites and/or the destruction probability of the habitat. 3. Attractivity – the flower size and the probability of cutting or exploitation of the plant. 4. Distribution type – scoring endemic species and peripheral populations. The plant species of Israel were scored for the parameters of the red number. Three hundred and seventy (370) species, 16.15% of the Israeli flora entered into the “Red List” received red numbers above 6. “Post Mortem” analysis for the 34 extinct species of Israel revealed an average red number of 8.7, significantly higher than the average of the current red list. -
Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands
SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Contributions from the United States National Herbarium Volume 52: 1-415 Monocotyledons and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands Editors Pedro Acevedo-Rodríguez and Mark T. Strong Department of Botany National Museum of Natural History Washington, DC 2005 ABSTRACT Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro and Mark T. Strong. Monocots and Gymnosperms of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Contributions from the United States National Herbarium, volume 52: 415 pages (including 65 figures). The present treatment constitutes an updated revision for the monocotyledon and gymnosperm flora (excluding Orchidaceae and Poaceae) for the biogeographical region of Puerto Rico (including all islets and islands) and the Virgin Islands. With this contribution, we fill the last major gap in the flora of this region, since the dicotyledons have been previously revised. This volume recognizes 33 families, 118 genera, and 349 species of Monocots (excluding the Orchidaceae and Poaceae) and three families, three genera, and six species of gymnosperms. The Poaceae with an estimated 89 genera and 265 species, will be published in a separate volume at a later date. When Ackerman’s (1995) treatment of orchids (65 genera and 145 species) and the Poaceae are added to our account of monocots, the new total rises to 35 families, 272 genera and 759 species. The differences in number from Britton’s and Wilson’s (1926) treatment is attributed to changes in families, generic and species concepts, recent introductions, naturalization of introduced species and cultivars, exclusion of cultivated plants, misdeterminations, and discoveries of new taxa or new distributional records during the last seven decades. -
Redescubrimiento De "Romulea Bulbocodium" En La Provincia De Sevilla
ARTÍCULOS Botanica Complutensis ISSN-e: 1988-2874 http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/BOCM.63163 Redescubrimiento de Romulea bulbocodium en la provincia de Sevilla José Luis Medina-Gavilán1 Recibido: 2019-02-07 / Aceptado: 2019-03-29 / Publicado: 2019-06-06 Resumen. Se confirma la presencia de Romulea bulbocodium (L.) Sebast. & Mauri en la provincia de Sevilla, donde no se había citado desde 1861. Se trata de un geófito de distribución circunmediterránea, versátil en la ocupación del hábitat y ampliamente extendido en la Península Ibérica. Actualmente se consideraba ausente del territorio hispalense, donde continúa siendo una especie muy rara. Convive con Romulea ramiflora Ten. susbp. ramiflora. Palabras clave: Romulea bulbocodium; corología; pinares de Aznalcázar; bosque-isla; SO ibérico. Rediscovery of Romulea bulbocodium in the province of Seville Abstract. The presence of Romulea bulbocodium (L.) Sebast. & Mauri is confirmed in the province of Seville, where it had not been reported since 1861. Geophyte of circunmediterranean distribution, it is versatile in habitat occupancy and widespread in the Iberian Peninsula. It was considered absent of the territory of Seville, where it still considered as a very rare species. It coexists with Romulea ramiflora Ten. subsp. ramiflora. Keywords: Romulea bulbocodium; chorology; Aznalcázar Pine-forest; relictual forest-patch; Iberian SW. dium (L.) Sebast. & Mauri, R. columnae Se- Introducción bast. & Mauri, R. clusiana (Lange) Nyman, R. rollii Parl. y R. variicolor Mifsud (Cardiel Romulea Maratti (Iridaceae subfam. Crocoi- 2013, Fraga-Arguimbau et al. 2018). Parece deae Burnett) incluye unas 95 especies de mo- haber discrepancias en la resolución del es- nocotiledóneas petaloideas, cuyo centro de di- tatus taxonómico de Romulea bifrons Pau [= versidad se sitúa en zonas de clima mediterrá- R. -
Patterns in Evolution in Characters That Define Iris Subgenera And
Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 22 | Issue 1 Article 34 2006 Patterns in Evolution in Characters That Define rI is Subgenera and Sections Carol A. Wilson Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Wilson, Carol A. (2006) "Patterns in Evolution in Characters That Define rI is Subgenera and Sections," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 22: Iss. 1, Article 34. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol22/iss1/34 Aliso 22, pp. 425-433 © 2006, Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden PATTERNS OF EVOLUTION IN CHARACTERS THAT DEFINE IRIS SUBGENERA AND SECTIONS CAROL A. WILSON Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, 1500 North College Avenue, Claremont, California 91711-3157, USA (carol. wilson@ cgu. edu) ABSTRACT Subgeneric groups have been circumscribed in Iris based on a small number of morphological characters. Recent DNA sequence data has indicated that several of the subgenera, sections, and series that have previously been delineated are paraphyletic or polyphyletic. The evolution of characters that have traditionally been used to distinguish sub generic and sectional groups within Iris was investigated by mapping these characters on a phylogenetic tree based on matK sequence data. Results indicate that rhizomes are pleisomorphic for the genus and that three bulb types have arisen independently. My analysis shows that sepal beards, sepal crests, and seed arils show extensive homoplasy. Most of the homoplasy seen is associated with the circumscription of polyphyletic subgeneric groups such as the beardless subgenus Limniris. Some additional homoplasy is due to diversity within supported clades or the historical use of a single character in circumscribing more than one subgeneric group.