Ferdinand II, Counter-Reformation Emperor, 1578–1637 Robert Bireley Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-06715-8 - Ferdinand II, Counter-Reformation Emperor, 1578–1637 Robert Bireley Index More information

Index

Agnelli-Soardi, Vincenzo, bishop of Mantua, Basilio d’Aire, Capuchin, 244, 282–83 187 Bassevi, Jakob, Jewish financier, 134 Albert, archduke, co-ruler of the Netherlands, Báthory, Sigismund, prince of Transylvania, 15, candidate for emperor, 47 45, 71 and succession in the Empire, 48, 68, 75, 124 Becan, Martin, Jesuit, confessor of Ferdinand, Aldringen, Johann, general, 261, 262, 263 105 Alexander d’Ales, Capuchin, 273–74 and execution of Bohemian rebels, 119–20 Anna Maria, queen of Poland, 15 and the Palatinate Question, 152, 155, 156 Anselm Casimir Wamboldt von Umbstadt, and toleration in Lower Austria, 107 archbishop-elector of Mainz, 232, 300 Bellarmine, Robert, cardinal, 94 and Ferdinand, 257 Bernhard, duke of Weimar, general, 260, 263, and Pirna Points, 283 293, 296 at Regensburg (1630), 203, 209, 210 Bethlen Gàbor, prince of Transylvania, 71, 74, Anton Wolfradt, abbot of Kremsmünster, 83, 101, 104, 105, 108, 109, 117, 136, prince-bishop of Vienna, privy councillor, 157, 162, 163, 259 127, 133, 228, 258, 289, 298 Blyssem, Heinrich, Jesuit, 9 and cardinalate, 274 Bocskay, István, prince of Transylvania, 45, 46 and the Edict, 210, 234–35, 257 Bohemia, confiscations, 144–45, 266 and France, 238 Counter Reformation in, 145–50 on imperial policy, 159, 197, 221–22, estates of, 65–66, 69, 74, 83–4, 136 249–50, 274, 292 exiles, 232 and Pirna Points, 284–86 renewed constitution (Verneuerte and Wallenstein, 262 Landesordnung), 164–65 Arnim, Hans Georg von, general, 233, 254, Bohemian campaign, 112–17 255, 258 Bohemian Confederation, 69, 100, 107, 108, Augsburg, Peace of, 3, 22, 49–50, 54, 55, 73, 109, 117 194, 250 Borgia y Velasco, Gasparo, cardinal, Austria, proposed kingdom of, 131–32 103, 228 Aytona, Francisco de Moncada, marquis de, Botero, Giovanni, political writer, 23, 125, 133 Spanish ambassador in Vienna, 190, 191 Brandenburg, electorate, see George William Breisach, fortress, 259 Baglioni, Malatesta, nuncio in Vienna, 270, Breitenfeld (1631), battle, 231, 234 287, 299 Brenner, Martin, bishop of Seckau, 9, 21, 32, Bagno, Giovanni Francesco Guidi di, nuncio in 35, 39 Paris, 192, 223 Breslau, abortive conference at, 253, 257–58 Baltic venture, proposed, 163, 166 Breuner, Seifreid Christoph von, imperial Barberini, Francesco, cardinal, 142, 200, 201, councillor, governor of Lower Austria, 203 202, 219, 298 Bärwalde (1631), Treaty of, 216, 220, 225, Bruck, pacification of, 1, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 22, 37, 226, 251 38, 60

316

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-06715-8 - Ferdinand II, Counter-Reformation Emperor, 1578–1637 Robert Bireley Index More information

Index 317

Brüderzwist (Brothers’ Quarrel), 46–9, 53–7, Constance, queen of Poland, 25, 105, 271 65, 67–71 Constantine, emperor, 86, 130, 165 Brülart de Léon, Charles, French diplomat, 203, Contzen, Adam, Jesuit, confessor of 206–207, 225 Maximilian of Bavaria, 133, 195, 203, Bucquoy, Charles, count, general, 95, 97, 113, 205, 208, 210, 224, 234 114, 115, 116, 117, 144 Counter Reformation, see Counter Reformation in Bohemia, Inner Austria, Caetano, Antonio, nuncio in Prague, 51, 86 Upper Austria Callot, Jacques, artist, 113, 294 Capuchins, 40 Dampierre, Henri count, general, 97 Carafa, Carlo, nuncio in Vienna, 141, 147, 152 Defenestration of Prague, 90–91 and Lamormaini, 146, 147, 150 Dessau Bridge (1626), battle, 162 on Ferdinand, 179–80, 181, 183–83 Dietrichstein, Franz von, bishop of Olmütz, Carafa, Pier Luigi, nuncio in Cologne, 201, 217 cardinal, privy councillor, 42, 107, 116, Carl, archduke, father of Ferdinand, 1, 2 122, 127, 134, 147, 298, 299 death, 10 on imperial policy, 160, 221–22, 234–35, and Protestants 1, 3, 5–6, 7–9 249, 257, 271, 292 testament, 10, 14 and Pirna Points, 279, 284–86 and Turks, 6–7 chair of Theologians Conference, 280, 281 Carl, archduke, brother of Ferdinand, bishop of Dinkelsbühl (1631), conference of the Catholic Breslau, bishop of Brixen, grand master of League, 223 the Teutonic Order, 87, 125, 131–32 Dohna, Karl Hannibal von, imperial diplomat, Casal, Peter, secretary of Ferdinand in Graz, 25, 222 16, 28, 30 Domenico à Jesu Maria, Carmelite, and battle Castañeda, marquis de, Spanish diplomat, 252 of the White Mountain, 115, 116 Catholic League, 56, 62, 66, 67, 72, 93, 112, mission to Vienna, 193 206 Donauworth, town in Swabia, 50, 57 proposal of Ferdinand for, 62–5 Donnersberg, Joachim von, Bavarian ofﬁcial, reconstituted, 74, 101, 109, 111 152, 238 end of, 276, 292 Charbonnière, Nicolas de, French resident in Eberhard, duke of Württemberg, 293, 300, Vienna, 252 301 Charles V, emperor, 1, 2, 76, 279 Ebersdorf (1634), Treaty of, 295 Charnacé, Hercule de, French diplomat, 235, Edict of Restitution, 63, 286, 287, 288, 291–92, 237 311 Cherasco (1631), Treaties of, 225–27 origin, 194, 197–202, 306, 307 Christian IV, king of Denmark, 158–59, 237, at Regensburg (1630), 207–211 257 revocation, 275, 289–90 Christian of Anhalt, prince, 53, 100, 114 Eggenberg, Hans Ulrich von, ﬁrst minister, Cilli (Celje), town in Styria, peasants’ revolt, 20–21, 26, 95, 127, 138, 292 289 death, 272 Clement VIII, pope, 19, 21, 27–8, 48 and the Edict, 200, 210, 218, 220, 255, 257 Collalto, Ramboldo, count, general, president and Ferdinand, 53, 67, 200–201, 217 of the war council, 128 and France, 244, 255, 260, 269 and the Edict, 199, 201 and Lamormaini, 150, 228 and Mantuan War, 192, 193, 201 and the Mantuan War, 190, 191, 192, 226 and war in Lower Saxony, 159 and second marriage of Ferdinand, 129–30 Cologne, archbishopric-electorate, and Palatinate Question, 153 see Ferdinand, archbishop-elector of and Prague Consortium, 134 Cologne, at Regensburg (1630), 210, 213–14 Cologne, city, projected peace conference, and Spain, 21, 79, 163 294–295 and war in Lower Saxony, 160

318 Index

Eggenberg, Hans Ulrich von, ﬁrst minister marriages, 22, 25, 40–41, 42, 129–31, 306 (cont.) and Matthias, 47, 48, 54, 55, 56, 57, 65 and Wallenstein, 160, 233, 236, 240, 241, and Maximilian of Bavaria, 13, 16, 42, 45, 260, 262, 265; see also Cherasco, Treaties 52, 54, 55, 57, 98, 101–102, 125, 151–58, of 159–62, 206, 223, 224, 232, 233, 234, Eleonore, empress, second wife of Ferdinand, 238, 257, 276–77, 294, 307, 308–309 11, 165, 193, 228, 297, 302, 303 and mercy, 119, 121, 312 marriage, 129–31 method of government, 126–29 music, 131 mission, 35, 37, 214, 271, 291, 306 and Mantuan War, 190, 192, music, 10, 130, 179, 180, 181–82 Ernst, archduke, regent of Inner Austria, 14, 19 personality and daily order, 179–83, 308 Esterhazy, Miklós, Hungarian palatine, 157 piety of, 10–11, 11–12, 13, 16, 34, 35, 37, 89-90, 97, 124, 128–39, 142, 246, 306, Fanini, Lucas, Jesuit, confessor of Empress 312 Eleonore, 218 and Peace of Prague, 287, 289, 290, 300 Ferdinand I, emperor, 1, 2, 7, 124 and Pirna Points, 276–77, 280–81, 284, Ferdinand II, emperor, 1, 2, 72, 113, 264 285 absolutism, 37, 38–9, 125, 135–37, 144, at diet of Regensburg (1608), 49–57 161, 197, 280, 292, 305, 308 at electoral convention of Regenburg (1630), king of Bohemia, 84–7 202, 203, 211 and Bohemian rebels, 93, 95, 118–21 at electoral convention of Regensburg and Brandenburg, 257 (1636-37), 297–303 and the Church, 29, 99–100, 138–40, 146, and Emperor Rudolph, 17, 25, 53, 55 309–10 as ruler in Inner Austria, 20, 22–24, 31–39 and projected Cologne peace conference, 295 and Saxony, 87, 107, 111, 129, 151, 165, death and funeral, 302–304 222, 229, 257, 267–68, 271 and Defenestration of Prague, 91 and Spain, 25, 75, 78–80, 154, 188–92, 213, and the Edict, 194–96, 199, 203–204, 228, 309 206–11, 217, 275, 305, 307 summation, 305–310 and Eggenberg, 20–21, 26, 53, 127, 205, testament (1601), 43 213, 226, 228, 272, 308 testament (1621), 124–26 election as emperor, 99 testament (1635), 293, 303 and the Empire, 61, 123–24, 157, 307–308 and toleration, 85–7, 95, 102–103, 105–10 ﬁnances, 44–5, 133–35, 137, 265 and the Turks, 25, 43–5, 108, 163 and Gustav Adolph, 246 and Urban VIII, 146, 229–30, 241–43, 252, and France, 112, 235–36, 239, 244, 269, 288–89 295–96, 302 vow at Loreto, 28–9 funeral orations, 310 and Wallenstein, 82, 97–8, 159–60, 163–64, and the Habsburg Monarchy, 123–26, 293, 166, 204–205, 236, 240, 246, 256, 302, 305, 308 261–64 health, 16, 179, 274, 297, 298, 301 and war in Lower Saxony, 159–62 the hunt, 12, 99, 179–80, 181, 182–83, 274 and Duke William of Bavaria, 14, 15, 18–19, at Ingolstadt, 10–13, 15–17 54–5, 57, 76 and the Jesuits, 16–17, 40, 43, 86, 102, early youth, 10–12; 125–26, 140, 144 see also Brüderzwist (Brothers’ Quarrel), and the Jews, 116 Counter Reformation, Palatinate Question, and removal of Klesl, 77–78, 84, 93–4 Ferdinand III, emperor, 89, 124, 236, 265, 267 journey to Italy, 25–30 king of Hungary, 157, 270, 291, 296 legality, 86, 98, 110, 136, 152, 262, 266–67, king of Bohemia, 165 302, 307 marriage, 224–25 and Letter of Majesty, 86 succession in the Empire, 196–97, 296, 299, and Maria his mother, 23, 26, 29, 58–60 302

Index 319

Ferdinand, archduke, ruler of Anterior Austria Guarini, Giovanni Battista, dramatist, 30 and the Tyrol, 2, 14 Gustav Adolph, king of Sweden, 159 Ferdinand, archbishop-elector of Cologne death, 246 and the Pirna Points, 284 and France, 216, 226 Feria, Gómez Suárez de Figueroa y Cordóba, invasion of the Empire, 203–204, 216–17, duke of, general, 253 229, 232, 244–45 Fernando, cardinal-infant of Spain, 253, 269, 270 Habsburg alliance, 220, 238, 241, 253, 269 Fitzsimmons, Thomas, Jesuit, confessor of Hague, League of the, 158 Bucquoy, 117 Haller, Richard, Jesuit, 16 Fontainebleau (1631), Treaty of, 223–24, 232 Harrach, Carl von, privy councillor, 153 France, 112, 214, 215, 227, 247, 258, 289 and war in Lower Saxony, 160 invasion of Italy, 191–92 Harrach, Ernst von, archbishop of Prague, second invasion of Italy, 193 cardinal, 145–46 and Sweden, 220, 243, 251, 252, 296; Hegenmüller, Hans, imperial councillor, 222 see also Louis XIII, Richelieu Heilbronn Confederation, 251, 276, 277, 292 Frankfurt Conference (1631), 230–31, 231–32 Heinrich-Julius, duke of Brunswick, 67, 68 Frederick, Elector Palatine, king of Bohemia, Henry IV, king of France, 64, 65, 66, 70 76, 98, 100, 113–14, 115, 162 Herberstorff, Adam von, governor of Upper ban of, 110 Austria, 140, 143 Fürstenberg, Wratislaw, count, diplomat, 112 Hesse-Darmstadt, Landgrave George of, 211, 214, 253, 258, 301 Gabrieli, Giovanni, musician, 27 “Hessen Points,” 214 Gallas, Matthias, general, 296 Höchst (1622), battle, 154 and Wallenstein, 261, 262, 264–65, 266 Homberger, Jeremias, Protestant preacher, 9 Gans, Johannes, Jesuit, confessor of Ferdinand Hungary, 2, 53, 87–8, 91, 108–109, 131, 136, III, 291–92 141 Gebhardt, Justus, imperial councillor, 185, 248, Hungary, king of, see Ferdinand III 256, 267, 281, 282, 287, 288, 298 Hyacinth da Casale, Capuchin, 152, 153 George William, elector of Brandenburg, 111, 153, 203, 207, 231 Imperial Court (or Aulic) Council Ginetti, Mario, cardinal, legate, 290 (Reichshofrat), 126, 128, 129, 133, 197, Gonzaga, Eleonore, empress, second wife of 198, 254 Ferdinand, 129–31, 143, 165, 180, 182, Ingolstadt, Jesuit college, university, 12–13 202, 218, 297, 298, 302, 303 Ingolstadt (1631), abortive conference of and the Mantuan War, 187, 190, 192, 193, Catholic League, 235–36 228 Inner Austria, 2 patron of opera, 131, 181 Protestants in, 4–5, 135 Geheim Protestantismus, 40 Counter Reformation in, 9, 23, 24, 31–40, Gradisca, war of, 80–83 139, 165 Graz, city, 2, 3, 5, 33, 104 Instruction for the Conduct of Government, 24 Graz, Jesuit college, 7, 9, 40 Graz, nunciature, 8 James I, king of England, 101, 111, 153 Gregory XV, pope, 152 Jessenius, Johannes, rector of the University of Gregory of Valencia, Jesuit theologian, 12, 16 Prague, 121 Greiffenklau, Georg Friedrich von, archbishop- Jesuits, in Inner Austria, 7, 9, 40 elector of Mainz, 199, 203; see also Mainz in Bohemia, 145; see also Ferdinand and the Gretser, Jakob, Jesuit, 16, 102 Jesuits Grimaldi, Girolamo, extraordinary nuncio Jews, 116, 150–51 in Vienna, 242, 244, 245, 255, 269–70 Johann Carl, archduke, eldest son of Ferdinand, Grimmelshausen, Hans Jakob Christoffel von, 69, 72, 89 author, 113, 294 death, 104

320 Index

John George, elector of Saxony, 87, 222, 275, and France, 192–93, 212, 214–15, 243, 247, 276, 296 251, 285 and Bohemian rebellion, 109–110 and heretics, 106, 141, 148 and the Leipzig Conference, 218–19 and Lower Austria, 105–107 and the Palatinate Question, 147; and Mantuan War, 190–91, 192 see also Saxony and the Pirna Points, 284–86 Joseph du Tremblay, Capuchin, 203, 206–207 at Regensburg (1630), 205, 208, 210, 212 Josephinism, 138 at the Theologians Conference, 281–82 Jülich-Cleves crisis, 66–7 and Upper Austria, 141 and Urban VIII, 190–91, 200, 201, 217 Kanisza, (Nagykanisza), fortress town, 25, 43, and Wallenstein, 184, 205, 236–37, 254, 263 45, 71, 74 Laymann, Paul, Jesuit, 198–99, 200 Karlovac (Karlstadt), 7 Leipzig Conference (1631), 209, 218–19 Keller, Jakob, Jesuit, 102, 117 Leitmeritz (Litoméice), negotiations at, 250, Kepler, Johannes, astronomer, 30, 31 253, 267–68 Klesl, Melchior, bishop of Vienna, cardinal, Leopold, archduke, bishop of Passau, director of the privy council, 28, 65, 67, prince-bishop of Strasbourg and ruler of 70, 74, 88, 94 the Tyrol and Anterior Austria, 23, 27–8, arrest of, 83–4 41, 58, 65, 66, 68, 69, 271 and the Brüderzwist, 46, 67 candidate for emperor, 49, 68 composition in the Empire, 70, 72, 73, 75, 89 and Ferdinand, 69, 71, 125, 131–32 conversion to a politique, 70 Leopold William, archduke, 257 and Defenestration of Prague, 92–3 Letter of Majesty, 65–6, 69, 83, 85, 90, 95 and Letter of Majesty, 70 Lieben (Lebeň)(1608), Treaty of, 57 and the Diet of Regensburg (1613), 71–74 Liechtenstein, Gundacker von, imperial and succession in the Empire, 75, 76 councillor, 127, 138, 153 and the Turks, 72, 75 and imperial ﬁnances, 133 and War of Gradisca, 81, 82 and war in Lower Saxony, 159 Knöringen, Heinrich von, prince-bishop of and Wallenstein, 261–62 Augsburg, 198, 217 Liechtenstein, Karl von, prince, governor of Komorn (Komàom) (1618), Treaty of, 74 Bohemia, 116, 118, 119, 121, 138, 144 Kufstein, Hans Ludwig von, governor of Upper and Prague Consortium, 134 Austria, 138 Lipsius, Justus, humanist, 23, 125 Kurz von Senftenau, Ferdinand, imperial Lobkowitz, Wilhelm Popel von, 119 councillor and diplomat, 223, 288, 298 Louis XIII, king of France, 112, 157, 243; mission to France, 226, 227 see also France, Richelieu, cardinal, Lower Austria, 4, 65 Lamormaini, William, Jesuit, confessor of estates of, 83, 96–7, 135 Ferdinand, 105, 132, 141–42, 300 toleration in, 102, 107, 165 and Bohemia, 146, 147–50 Lübeck (1629), Peace of, 164 criticism of, 150, 220, 228, 233, 239, 272 Lustrier, Sebastian, imperial diplomat, 269 and Treaty of Cherasco, 216 Lutter am Barenberg (1626), battle, 162 and projected Cologne peace conference, 295 Lützen (1632), battle, 246, 248 and the Edict, 195, 197, 200, 208, 209, 210 and Eggenberg, 142, 191, 213, 226, 237, Magdeburg, archbishopric, 72, 73, 275 228, 254 Magdeburg, city, 219, 222, 223, 229 and Ferdinand, 20, 135, 142, 147, 166, Magni, Valeriano, Capuchin, and Counter- 205, 209, 239, 246, 250–51, 262–3, Reformation in Bohemia, 145–46, 148–49 264, 265, 271, 277, 291, 295, 299, at Theologians Conference, 282, 283 303, 304, 308 and Wallenstein, 184, 186 Ferdinandi II Imperatoris Romanorum Mainz, archbishop-elector of, see Anselm Virtutes, 310-12 Casimir von Wambold; Greiffenklau,

Index 321

Georg Friedrich von; Schweikardt von Mecklenburg, duchy, 113, 185 Kronberg, Johann, transfer to Wallenstein, 166, 186 Malaspina, Germanico, nuncio in Graz, 4, 8, 9 Meggau, Leonhard Helfried von, imperial Mantua, city, 193 councillor, 84, 128, 298 Mantuan War, 183, 187–95, 206–207, 225–27 and war in Lower Saxony, 160 Margaret, archduchess, queen of Spain, 35 Milensio, Felice, papal agent, 52 Maria, archduchess, mother of Ferdinand, 2, 3, Military Border, 5, 6, 7 10, 14, 15, 19, 32, 41 Mitterndorf, parish in Styria, 31 death and testament, 59–60 Monzon (1626), Treaty of, 158 and Ferdinand, 10, 12, 14–15, 17, 35, 36, 53, Morelles, Cosmas, Dominican theologian, 214 58–60 Mühlhausen, convention of (1620), guarantee, journeys. 15, 24–5, 35 109–11 and Protestants, 5, 11, 15, 36 Mühlhausen, electoral convention of (1627), Maria Anna, archduchess, ﬁrst wife of 195–96 Ferdinand, 22, 40–41, 42, 43, 58, 89 Mühlhausen, abortive conference of (1631), Maria Anna, Spanish Infanta, wife of Ferdinand 234, 235 III, 225–26, 302 Munich Conference (1579), 8 Maria Christierna, archduchess, princess of Munich (1619), Treaty of, 101–102, 151 Transylvania, 15 Maria Magdelena, archduchess, 58 Nevers, Charles de, duke of Mantua, 187, 188, Marradas, Balthasar, general, 82, 226 189, 190, 191, 203, 207 Martinitz, Jaroslav, count, imperial councillor, Nikolsburg (Mikulov) (1621), Treaty of, 117 86, 90, 118 Ninguarda, Felician, papal diplomat, 7–8 Matthias, archduke, emperor, 4, 48, 55, 69 Nördlingen (1634), battle, 270, 273 death, 95 Nuremberg, city, 288 elected emperor, 71 and Defenestration of Prague, 91, 92, 93 Olivares, count-duke of, 158, 163 support for Ferdinand’s succession, 76, 77, and Lamormaini, 191, 192, 213, 225, 239; 85; see also Brüderzwist see also Philip III, Spain Mausoleum, 304 Oñate, Iñigo Velez deGuevara y Tasis, count de, Maximilian II, emperor, 2, 4 Spanish diplomat, 79, 80, 155, 253, 259, Maximilian, archduke, regent in Inner Austria, 299, 301 ruler of Anterior Austria and the Tyrol, and Defenestration of Prague, 92, 93, 96 19, 20 and Peace of Prague, 292 death, 94 Oñate Treaty (1617), 80, 238 and removal of Klesl, 77–8, 84, 93–4 Ottaviano da Ravenna, Franciscan, theologian, and succession in the Empire, 47, 48, 75 234–35 Maximilian, duke and elector of Bavaria, 11, Oxenstierna, Axel, Swedish chancellor, 251, 44, 51, 62, 67, 72, 107, 115, 299, 301 296 and Bohemian rebellion, 96, 118 and the Edict, 194–96, 199, 206–11 Palatinate Question, 102, 151–57, 161–62, and France, 112, 223, 232, 235–36 165, 206, 254, 258, 276, 301; and Gustav Adolph, 235, 237, 238 see also Maximilian, duke and elector of and the Pirna Points, 283 Bavaria; Munich (1619), Treaty of; and Saxony, 223, 229 Regensburg (1623), convention of princes, and Upper Austria, 113, 140–41 Pallotto, Giovanni Battista, nuncio in Vienna, and Wallenstein, 184–85, 245, 255, 260; 166, 188, 191, 203 see also Ferdinand and Maximilian, and the Edict, 198, 201, 211 Palatinate Question, and war in Lower Passau, prince-bishopric of, conﬂict over, 27–8, Saxony 41–2; see also Leopold, archduke Maximilian Ernst, archduke, brother of Paul V, pope, 46, 52, 57, 63, 64 Ferdinand, 23, 65, 72, 89 and Klesl, 70, 93–4

322 Index

Paul V, pope (cont.) Regensburg, electoral convention of (1630), subsidies, 95, 103, 104 197, 202–215, 285 and toleration, 103 Regensburg (1636–37), electoral convention of, Pazmany, Peter, archbishop of Esztergom, 88, 273–296, 303 128, 157, 298, 299 Richel, Bartholomew, Bavarian minister, mission to Rome, 241–43 260–64 on imperial policy, 248–49, 257, 271, 292 Richelieu, Armand-Jean du Plessis, cardinal, and Pirna Points, 279, 284–86 157, 158, 252 Peñalosa, Ambrogio, Jesuit, 234, 282 and Ferdinand, 243 Philip III, king of Spain, 25, 35, 47, 75 anti-Habsburg policy, 158, 192, 243, 251, Philip IV, king of Spain, 124 269, 270–71, 277, 293 and the Edict, 227 and the Treaty of Regensburg (1630), 207; and death of Wallenstein, 265 see also France, Louis XIII Philippi, Heinrich, Jesuit, confessor of the king Rocci, Ciriaco, nuncio in Vienna, 203, 226, 256 of Hungary, 147, 149 and the Edict, 211, 217, 235, 255 Piccolomini, Ottavio, general, 261, 262 Rudolf II, emperor, 2, 35, 36, 45, 47, 66 Pietas Austriaca, 138-39 death, 71 Pirna Points, 273, 275–77 and Ferdinand, 14, 17, 20, 43, 51, 54, 55; Pomis, Giovanni Pietro de, court artist, 26, 40, see also Bruderzwist 104, 135 Portia, Girolamo, count, nuncio Graz, 21, 23, Santa Maria della Vittoria, church in Rome, 116 26, 31 Savelli, Paul, prince, imperial representative in Prague Blood Court (Prager Blutgericht), Rome, 229 118–19, 120–21 Saxony, electorate, 50, 51, 55, 72, 94 Prague Consortium (Prager Münzconsortium), and the Edict, 94, 154, 230–231 133–34 and Peace of Prague, 276, 288–89 Prague (1635), Peace of, 267–68, 286, 289, at Regensburg (1630), 203, 206, 207 290–91, 292, 293–94, 307–308, 309 at Regensburg (1636–37), 300, 301; Prague, university, 140, 145–46 see also John George, elector of Saxony Princeps in Compendio (The Essential Prince), Schaffgotsch, Johann Ulrich von, colonel, 266 126 Schlick, Heinrich count, general, president of Priuli, Giovanni, composer, 130 the war council, 85, 119, 260, 284–86 Protestant Union, 56–7, 61, 65, 66, 67, 101, Schoppe, Gaspar, polemicist, 62, 103 111, 112, 154 mission to Rome (1609), 63–5 at diet of Regensburg (1608), 52, 53, 56 Questenberg, Gerhard von, imperial councillor, at electoral convention of Regensburg (1630), 236 208–209 Questenberg, Hermann von, imperial diplomat, Schrottel, Georg, Jesuit, confessor of Ferdinand 235–36, 238, 267, 281, 282, 288 of Cologne, 208 Quiroga, Don Diego de, Capuchin, confessor of Schrottenbach, Balthasar von, minister in Graz, the Infanta Maria Anna, 224–25, 244, 253 11, 12, 13, 17, 26 and Peace of Prague, 286 Schwarzenberg, Peter von, baron, diplomat, at Theologians Conference, 282–83 239, 243 and Wallenstein, 253 Schweikard, Johannm, von Kronberg, elector of Mainz, 51, 62, 72 Radkersburg, town in Styria, 25, 32, 39 and the Edict, 194 Rákóczy, Georg, prince of Transylvania, at election of Ferdinand, 99 259–60 and Palatinate Question, 152, 155; Regensburg, convention of princes (1623), see also Mainz 154–56 Scultetus, Abraham, Calvinist preacher, 114 Regensburg, diet of (1608), 49–57 Senj (Zengg), port, 81, 82 Regensburg, diet of (1613), 71–72, 72–74 Sigismund II, king of Poland, 15, 105, 163, 271

Index 323

Silesia, 144 Thurn, Heinrich Matthias count, general, 85, Sissek, fortress, 19, 43 90, 91, 92, 96, 97, 98, 117, 236 Slawata, Vilém, imperial councillor, 86, 90, Thun-Hohenstein, Christoph Simon von, 118, 122, 128, 160 councillor of the king of Hungary, 288, 298 and war in Lower Saxony, 160; Tilly, Johann count, general, 45, 154, 206 see also Defenestration of Prague and Bohemian campaign, 112, 115, 117 Sonnabenter, Lorenz, pastor in Graz, 32 and war in Lower Saxony, 161 Sotern, Philip Christoph von, archbishop- and Saxony, 229, 231 elector of Trier, 153, 252, 276, 299 Trautmannsdorf, Maximilian von, privy Spain, 47, 253 councillor, 92, 127–28, 253, 256, 298 and Ferdinand, 76, 78–80, 213, 216, 227, and the Edict 200, 210, 256 238, 289 and France, 238, 244 and Lamormaini, 227–28, 229, 239, 269, mission to Rome, 102–104 277–78 and imperial policy, 197, 221–22, 249–50, and the Mantuan War, 183, 187–94 271, 292 and the Palatinate Question, 153, 154 on the Palatinate Question, 153 and the Pirna Points, 277 and Peace of Prague, 267–68 and the Peace of Prague, 292 and Pirna Points, 284–86 and Wallenstein, 259; see also Philip IV, king and Wallenstein, 256, 259, 262 of Spain, Olivares Trier, archbishop-elector of, see Sotern, Philip “Spanish Road,” 79, 153 Christoph von, Stadion, Johann Caspar von, Grand Master of Turkish Waar, Long, 19, 43–6 the Teutonic Knight, imperial councillor, Twelve Years Truce, 92, 153, 158 218, 230, 296 Steinau (1632), battle, 258 Ulm (1620), Treaty of, 112 Sternberg, Adam von, Bohemian nobleman, 84, Upper Austria, 4, 140–41 85, 298 Counter Reformation in 142–43, 153, 165 Stralendorf, Peter Heinrich von, vice-chancellor estates of, 65, 83, 96, 113, 116, 136, 140–41, of the Holy Roman Empire, privy 143 councillor, 128, 298 Peasants Rebellion (1626), 143 and the Edict, 198, 199, 200, 210, 234–35 Peasants Rebellion (1632), 245 and France, 238 Urban VIII, pope, 146, 158 and imperial policy, 153, 197, 221–22, 245, and a Catholic alliance, 242, 269, 271, 277 248, 249–50, 271, 292 and peace conference in Cologne, 290, at the Electoral Convention of Mühlhausen 294–95 (1627), 195–96 and the Edict, 201, 211, 212, 217, and Maximilian. 128, 199 235, 242 and the Pirna Points, 278, 284–86 and Ferdinand, 146, 217, 230, 256 and the electoral convention of Regensburg and Franco-Bavarian alliance, 192, 203 (1630), 210 and Mantuan War, 187–88, 190–91 and Wallenstein, 204, 266–67 and Peace of Prague, 277, 289–90 and war in Lower Saxony, 160 and the prefect of Rome, 230, 274 Stobäus, Georg, von Palmburg, bishop of and succession of Ferdinand III, 212, 299 Lavant, 9, 21, 32–3, 42, 44 Uskoks, 6, 21, 81–3 “Sturmpetition” (Stormy Petition), 96–7 Sturmsdorf (1635), Treaty of, 293, 296 Valdespino, Juan de, theologian, 153, 252, Suffren, Jean, Jesuit, confessor of Louis XIII, Venier, Sebastian, Venetian ambassador, on 192 Ferdinand, 179–81 Verospi, Fabrizio, extraordinary nuncio in Tanner, Adam, Jesuit, theologian, 16 Vienna, 94, 152 Theologians Conference, 280–83 Vienna, city, 132 Thomas Aquinas, theologian, 215 Jesuit church, 166

324 Index

Vienna, city (cont.) and War of Gradisca, 82 siege of (1619-20), 96–7, 104–105; and Prague Consortium, 133–34 see also “Sturmpetition” (Stormy Petition) Wartenberg, Franz Wilhelm von, prince-bishop Vienna, Peace of (1624), 136, 157 of Osnabruck, 217 Vienna (1606), Treaty of, 46, 48, 56 Werdenberg, Johann Baptista Verda von, privy Viller, Bartholomew, Jesuit, confessor of councillor, 228 Ferdinand, 21–2, 26, 29, 32, 41, 51, 54, and France, 244 82, 97 on imperial policy, 221–22 influence on Ferdinand, 20, 22 and Pirna Points, 284–86 and Letter of Majesty, 95 White Mountain (1620), battle, 115 resignation, 102 William, Duke of Bavaria, 50, 54, 55 Vitelleschi, Muzio, superior general of the oversight of young Ferdinand, 11, 12, 14, 17, Jesuits, 117 20 and Lamormaini, 228, 254 mirror of princes, 18–19 and Spain, 227–28, 229 warning about concessions to Protestants, Vlach Statute (Statuta Valachorum), 163 96 Wimpfen (1622), battle, 154 Wallenstein, Albrecht Wenzel Eusebius von, Witte, de, Hans, financier, 134 159, 236, 253 Wittstock (1636), battle, 296 death and aftermath, 163–67 and the Edict, 201, 237, 240, 257 Ziegler, Reinhard, Jesuit, confessor to electors first generalate, 160–61, 163–64, 166, 204 of Mainz, 194, 195, 203, 208 second generalate, 236–37, 240, 245, Zsitvatorok (1606), Treaty of, 46, 48, 56, 57, 254–55, 258–65 71, 74, 108, 117 and Lamormaini, 205, 236–37 Zuñiga, Balthasar de, Spanish diplomat and and treasury of Moravian estates, 97–8 minister, 69, 75, 76, 78, 96