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2016-Tesiscarlosguerrero 01112016 COMPLETO.Pdf PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DEL ECUADOR FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA MAESTRÍA EN REDES DE COMUNICACIONES PERFIL DEL TRABAJO PREVIO LA OBTENCION DEL TÍTULO DE: MASTER EN REDES DE COMUNICACIONES TEMA: “Análisis comparativo del desempeño de los diferentes CÓDECS utilizados para video conferencia en la empresa ECUAGREENPRODEX S.A. de la ciudad de Guayaquil” CARLOS LEOPOLDO GUERRERO VALAREZO Quito – Ecuador Año 2016 AUTORÍA Yo, Carlos Leopoldo Guerrero Valarezo, portador de la cédula de ciudadanía No.0918120791, declaro bajo juramento que la presente investigación es de total responsabilidad del autor, y que he respetado las diferentes fuentes de información realizando las citas correspondientes. Esta investigación no contiene plagio alguno y es resultado de un trabajo serio desarrollado en su totalidad por mi persona. _____________________________________ Carlos Leopoldo Guerrero Valarezo ii AGRADECIMIENTO A Dios, a las personas que me guiaron, aconsejaron, acompañaron, comprendieron, me soportaron durante todo el tiempo de estudios, a mis padres y hermanos por confiar siempre en mi apoyándome incondicionalmente en todo, permitiéndome culminar y obtener un nuevo logro profesional. DEDICATORIA iii A mis hijos Carolina Y Mauricio que son el pilar fundamental de mi vida, mis padres y hermanos. iv CONTENIDO AUTORÍA .................................................................................................................ii AGRADECIMIENTO................................................................................................iii DEDICATORIA........................................................................................................iii CONTENIDO........................................................................................................... v RESUMEN ............................................................................................................xiv ABSTRACT ...........................................................................................................xvi CAPÍTULO I: IDENTIFICACION DEL PROBLEMA................................................. 1 1.1 Introducción .............................................................................................. 1 1.2 Justificación .............................................................................................. 2 1.3 Antecedentes ............................................................................................ 3 1.3.1 ECUAGREENPRODEX S.A ................................................................ 5 1.2.1.1. Antecedentes ................................................................................ 5 1.2.1.2. Misión............................................................................................ 6 1.2.1.3. Visión. ........................................................................................... 6 1.4 Objetivos ................................................................................................... 6 1.4.1 Objetivo General.................................................................................. 6 1.4.2 Objetivos Específicos .......................................................................... 7 CAPÍTULO II: MARCO TEÓRICO........................................................................... 8 2.1 ¿Qué es videoconferencia? ...................................................................... 8 2.2 Tipos de enlaces y aspectos técnicos....................................................... 9 2.2.1. Videoconferencia sobre RDSI.............................................................. 9 2.2.2. Videoconferencia sobre redes IP......................................................... 9 2.2.3. Videoconferencia con aplicaciones de escritorio ............................... 10 v 2.2.4. Videoconferencia con sistemas de videoconferencia de tipo profesional ...................................................................................................... 10 2.2.5. Videoconferencias Punto a Punto...................................................... 10 2.2.6. Videoconferencias Multipunto............................................................ 11 2.3 VPN......................................................................................................... 12 2.2.7. La seguridad de las VPN ................................................................... 13 2.2.8. Ventajas de una VPN ........................................................................ 14 2.4 Los estándares ....................................................................................... 16 2.5 El códec .................................................................................................. 17 2.4.1. Códec de video.................................................................................. 18 2.4.1.1. H.261: ......................................................................................... 18 2.4.1.1.1. MPEG-1:................................................................................ 18 2.4.1.1.2. MPEG-2:................................................................................ 18 2.4.1.2. H.263: ......................................................................................... 18 2.4.1.2.1. MPEG-4:................................................................................ 19 2.4.1.2.2. XVID, Y 3IVX: ........................................................................ 19 2.4.1.3. VP6: ............................................................................................ 19 2.4.1.4. Sorenson 3:................................................................................. 19 2.4.1.5. Theora:........................................................................................ 20 2.4.1.6. WMV (WINDOWS MEDIA VIDEO): ............................................ 20 2.4.1.6.1. REALVIDEO:......................................................................... 20 2.4.1.6.2. CINEPAK:.............................................................................. 20 2.4.1.6.3. MOTION JPEG (M-JPEG):.................................................... 20 2.6 Muestreo (sampling) ............................................................................... 21 vi 2.7 Cuantificación (quantization)................................................................... 22 2.6.1. Cuantificación uniforme ..................................................................... 23 2.6.2. Cuantificación no uniforme ................................................................ 23 2.8 PLATAFORMAS ..................................................................................... 25 2.7.1. OPEN SOURCE ................................................................................ 25 2.7.2. ASTERISK......................................................................................... 28 2.8 Sistemas de Monitoreo del Ancho de Banda .......................................... 29 2.8.1. n load................................................................................................. 29 2.8.2. iftop.................................................................................................... 30 2.8.3. iptraf................................................................................................... 31 2.8.4. nethogs.............................................................................................. 32 2.8.5. BMonBandwidth Monitor.................................................................... 32 2.8.6. Slurm ................................................................................................. 33 2.8.7. tcptrack .............................................................................................. 34 2.8.8. vnStat ................................................................................................ 35 2.8.9. BWM-ng............................................................................................. 35 2.9 HERRAMIENTAS UTILIZADAS.............................................................. 36 2.9.1. XenServer.......................................................................................... 36 2.9.1.1. Características del XenServer..................................................... 37 2.9.2. Ubuntu ............................................................................................... 38 2.9.2.1. Ubuntu Open Source .................................................................. 39 2.9.2.2. Aplicaciones de Ubuntu .............................................................. 39 2.9.3. Ekiga.................................................................................................. 41 2.9.3.1. Vídeo........................................................................................... 43 2.9.3.2. Chat de texto............................................................................... 44 2.9.3.3. Dispositivos ................................................................................. 44 2.9.3.4. Los servicios de voz sobre IP Versión 4.0................................... 45 vii 2.9.3.5. Códecs características en Ekiga ................................................. 45 2.9.3.6. Los códecs de audio ................................................................... 45 2.9.3.7. Los códecs de vídeo Versión 4.0 ................................................ 46 2.9.4. Linphone............................................................................................ 46 2.9.4.1. Arquitectura................................................................................
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