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Lighting Retrofit Manual

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Lighting Retrofit Manual Lighting Retrofit Manual Technical Report Lighting Retrofit Manual TR-107130-R1 Final Report, April 1998 Prepared for Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Avenue Palo Alto, California 94304 EPRI Project Manager J. Kesselring DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITIES THIS REPORT WAS PREPARED BY THE ORGANIZATION(S) NAMED BELOW AS AN ACCOUNT OF WORK SPONSORED OR COSPONSORED BY THE ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INC. (EPRI). NEITHER EPRI, ANY MEMBER OF EPRI, ANY COSPONSOR, THE ORGANIZATION(S) BELOW, NOR ANY PERSON ACTING ON BEHALF OF ANY OF THEM: (A) MAKES ANY WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION WHATSOEVER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, (I) WITH RESPECT TO THE USE OF ANY INFORMATION, APPARATUS, METHOD, PROCESS, OR SIMILAR ITEM DISCLOSED IN THIS REPORT, INCLUDING MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR (II) THAT SUCH USE DOES NOT INFRINGE ON OR INTERFERE WITH PRIVATELY OWNED RIGHTS, INCLUDING ANY PARTY'S INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, OR (III) THAT THIS REPORT IS SUITABLE TO ANY PARTICULAR USER'S CIRCUMSTANCE; OR (B) ASSUMES RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING ANY CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF EPRI OR ANY EPRI REPRESENTATIVE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES) RESULTING FROM YOUR SELECTION OR USE OF THIS REPORT OR ANY INFORMATION, APPARATUS, METHOD, PROCESS, OR SIMILAR ITEM DISCLOSED IN THIS REPORT. ORGANIZATION(S) THAT PREPARED THIS REPORT ELEY ASSOCIATES ORDERING INFORMATION Requests for copies of this report should be directed to the EPRI Distribution Center, 207 Coggins Drive, P.O. Box 23205, Pleasant Hill, CA 94523, (510) 934-4212. Electric Power Research Institute and EPRI are registered service marks of Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. EPRI.POWERING PROGRESS is a service mark of Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. Copyright © 1998 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved. REPORT SUMMARY Lighting retrofits offer many benefits for building owners, building users, and electric utilities. Among the most important are reduced electricity demand, significant energy savings, and lower building operating costs. This handbook provides a resource for utility representatives that explains the technical and financial considerations of lighting retrofits, describes the most popular retrofit possibilities, and illustrates sound retrofit decision making. Background Lighting accounts for 30-35% of electricity use in commercial buildings. High efficiency lighting retrofits can cost-effectively save from 30-50% of this energy while enhancing the visual environment and improving lighting quality. Most lighting retrofits pay for themselves through energy savings in less than five years; indeed, in many cases, simple payback occurs in under three years. When occupant satisfaction and worker productivity are factored into the economic analysis, lighting improvements produce immediate benefits. Objective To develop a handbook that will help utility representatives provide building owners with concise, accurate, up-to-date information on lighting retrofits using energy- efficient technologies. Approach Lighting professionals developed the handbook based on their collective experience in performing lighting audits for utility programs, energy service companies, building owners, and design professionals. EPRI personnel and other lighting industry professionals reviewed the handbook for accuracy and relevance. Results This handbook—which may serve as a training manual or a reference—provides readily accessible information on the following key topics: x The importance of lighting retrofits, including a summary of when retrofits make sense as well as the role of the utility in the retrofit process x The lighting retrofit process, with step-by-step examples and illustrations iii x The basic technologies used to improve lighting systems in existing buildings, with emphasis on lamp/ballast, luminaire, and control technologies x Retrofit opportunities for commercial, industrial, and outdoor lighting system types The handbook includes a quick reference checklist of all lighting retrofit opportunities for use by lighting auditors. Nine appendices provide information on power quality as well as how to calculate illumination levels, measure illumination levels in the field, perform cost-effectiveness calculations, and collect field data. The appendices also summarize other EPRI tools and publications and provide a glossary of terms. EPRI Perspective Retrofitting existing buildings with more efficient lighting devices is both an easy and cost-effective way to reduce building energy use and operating expenses. Lighting retrofits make the most sense in the following circumstances: excessive illuminance of all or portions of the building, use of lighting equipment over 10 years old, lamps and luminaires that have been poorly maintained, operation of lighting for more hours than needed, high electricity and/or demand charges, and suboptimal lighting conditions. Among the most significant and immediate benefits of retrofitting outdated lighting systems are an improved luminous environment, reduced lighting energy and building operating expenses, and decreased lighting maintenance. These benefits can lead to increased worker productivity, greater economic competitiveness, and cleaner air. Although other building system retrofits—including premium efficiency motors, variable-speed drives, and improved building automation and control—are effective and desirable, lighting retrofits generally require lower capital investment, have a higher return on investment, and are more appealing to building owners. This handbook is one of a series of EPRI lighting documents designed to assist utility representatives. The Lighting Fundamentals Handbook (TR-101710) provides basic information on vision, physics, electrical equipment, and design practice. EPRI's Advanced Lighting Guidelines (TR-101022, R1) offer a more comprehensive understanding of modern lighting equipment and specific application guidelines on the use of energy-efficient sources, luminaires, and control equipment. Finally, LightPAD 2.0 serves as a portable audit and design tool for evaluating retrofit lighting options. TR-107130-R1 Interest Categories Key Words Building systems and analysis tools Lighting Lighting Control systems Energy management and controls, Luminaires office automation Energy efficiency Daylighting iv ABSTRACT This handbook is a general reference for utility representatives that explains the technical and financial considerations of lighting retrofits, describes the most common retrofit technologies and illustrates sound retrofit decision making. The handbook is organized in five chapters. Chapter 1 is an overview of the issues and benefits related to lighting retrofits. Chapter 2 presents details on the process of evaluating a building to determine if lighting retrofits make sense. Chapter 3 covers the basic lighting retrofit technologies including lamp/ballast technologies, luminaire retrofit opportunities, and control strategies. Chapter 4 summarizes lighting retrofit opportunities for various lighting system types including general commercial, industrial and outdoor systems. Chapter 5 is a quick look-up matrix retrofit opportunities which summarizes the more detailed information in Chapters 3 and 4. The handbook is supported by nine appendices with useful reference information on how to calculate illumination levels, measure illumination levels in the field, perform cost-effectiveness calculations, and collect data in the field. Other appendices address issues related to power quality, summarize other EPRI tools and publications, and define terms and concepts in a glossary. The handbook may be used as a training manual or as a reference. v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This handbook was written by Charles Eley of Eley Associates with valuable contributions from James R. Benya of Pacific Lightworks. Miriam Phillips was responsible for copy editing and Irene Chan for graphic design. A thorough technical review was provided by Don Aumann and Larry Ayers of Bevilacqua-Knight, Inc. Karl Johnson of EPRI was the project manager. vii CONTENTS 1 OVERVIEW............................................................................................................... 1-1 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1-1 Significance of Lighting Retrofits.............................................................................. 1-2 Benefits of Retrofitting.............................................................................................. 1-3 Lighting Quality..................................................................................................... 1-3 Reduced Energy Costs......................................................................................... 1-3 Reduced Lighting Maintenance ............................................................................ 1-5 Capital Availability................................................................................................. 1-5 Economic Competitiveness .................................................................................. 1-5 Cleaner Air............................................................................................................ 1-5 Good Public Relations .......................................................................................... 1-6 Improved Lighting and Productivity......................................................................
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