Apollo Experience Report - Crew Station Integration
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Lighting and Electrics
Lighting and Electrics 1 1E See also: First Electric 2 P&G See also: Pin Connector 2-fer See also: Two-fer 2/0 Pronounced 2-aught; single conductor cable with wire size "2/0" on jacket; commonly used for feeder cable 2PG See also: Pin Connector 3-fer See also: Three-fer 4/0 Pronounced 4-aught; single conductor cable with wire size "4/0" on jacket; commonly used for feeder cable A Adapter Electrical accessory that transitions between dissimilar connectors; may be a molded unit, box or cable assembly Amp See also: Amperes Amperes Unit of measure for the quantity of electricity flowing in a conductor Synonym: A, Amp, Current AMX192 Analog Multiplexing protocol for transmitting control information from a console to a dimmer or other controllable device Synonym: AMX, USITT AMX192 eSET: Lighting & Electrics 2 Ante-proscenium See also: Front of House (FOH) Beam Asbestos Skirt Obsolete term See also: Flameproof Apron Automated Fixtures See also: Automated Luminaire Automated Lighting Control Console Lighting console capable of controlling automated luminaires Automated Luminaire Lighting instrument with attributes that are remotely controlled Synonym: Automated Fixture, Automated Light, Computerized Light, Intelligent Light, Motorized Light, Mover, Moving Light, More… Automated Yoke Remotely controlled pan and tilt device Synonym: Yokie B Backlight A lighting source that is behind the talent or subject from the viewers perspective Synonym: Backs, Back Wash, Bx, Hair Light, Rim Light Backs See also: Backlight Balcony Front See also: Balcony Rail -
By Charles D. Wheelwright Manned Spacecraft Center Houston, Texas 77058
... NASA TECHNICAL NOTE NASA TN D-7290., APOLLO EXPERIENCE REPORT - CREW STATION INTEGRATION Volume V - Lighting Considerations by Charles D. Wheelwright Manned Spacecraft Center Houston, Texas 77058 NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION • WASHINGTON, D. C. • JUNE 1973 1. ReSJrt No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. NA A TN D-7290 I 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date APOLLO EXPERIENCE REPORT June 197 3 CREW STATION INTEGRATION 6. Performing Organization Code VOLUME V-LIGHTING CONSIDERATIONS 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Charles D. Wheelwright, MSC MSC S-360 10. Work Unit No. 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 924-23-D7-82-72 Manned Spacecraft Center 11. Contract or Grant No. Houston, Texas 77058 13. Type of Report and Period Covered 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address Technical Note National Aeronautics and Space Administration 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Washington, D.C. 20546 15. Supplementary Notes The MSC Director waived the use of the International Systems of Units (SI) for this Apollo Experience Report because, in his judgment, the use of SI Units would impair the usefulness of the report or resul t in excessive cost. 16. Abstract The lighting requirements for the Apollo spacecraft are presented. The natural lighting factors are discussed in terms of major constraints. A general description of the external and internal lighting systems for the command and lunar modules is presented with a discussion of the primary approach and design criteria followed during development. Some of the more difficult problems encountered during the implementation of a new lighting system are reviewed. -
Delamping in Most of Our Classroom Light Fixtures, There Are One to Four Individual Fluorescent Lamps
Delamping In most of our classroom light fixtures, there are one to four individual fluorescent lamps. Depending on the types of fixtures, you can remove one of the lamps while keeping the others in. Which one to take out simply depends on which appears best to you. On the newer, skinnier (T-8) lamps, the manufacturer recommends that no more than one lamp be removed from the fixture. Delamping is a simple way to reduce foot-candles of light intensity in an area. In the lighting industry, foot-candles are a common unit of measurement used to calculate adequate lighting levels of workspaces in buildings or outdoor spaces. Of course, you can also remove all the lamps in a fixture if the light is not needed at all. Some overhead light fixtures are also emergency lights that will stay on when the building loses power. The emergency light fixtures should not be deplamped. Delamping should done by qualified staff only. Keep in mind these rules for delamping: Do not compromise health, safety, or security. Do not take lamps out of new fixtures that are still covered under warranty. Do consider the needs of the building occupants. With T-8 systems, do not remove more than one lamp per fixture. Maintain recommended minimum light levels. Refer to the chart on the next page. Where would you delamp a light fixture? Delamping is possible anywhere there is a fluorescent light fixture above an area that is not being used for active reading and writing or in areas where there is more light than needed. -
Lighting Retrofit Manual
Lighting Retrofit Manual Technical Report Lighting Retrofit Manual TR-107130-R1 Final Report, April 1998 Prepared for Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Avenue Palo Alto, California 94304 EPRI Project Manager J. Kesselring DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITIES THIS REPORT WAS PREPARED BY THE ORGANIZATION(S) NAMED BELOW AS AN ACCOUNT OF WORK SPONSORED OR COSPONSORED BY THE ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INC. (EPRI). NEITHER EPRI, ANY MEMBER OF EPRI, ANY COSPONSOR, THE ORGANIZATION(S) BELOW, NOR ANY PERSON ACTING ON BEHALF OF ANY OF THEM: (A) MAKES ANY WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION WHATSOEVER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, (I) WITH RESPECT TO THE USE OF ANY INFORMATION, APPARATUS, METHOD, PROCESS, OR SIMILAR ITEM DISCLOSED IN THIS REPORT, INCLUDING MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR (II) THAT SUCH USE DOES NOT INFRINGE ON OR INTERFERE WITH PRIVATELY OWNED RIGHTS, INCLUDING ANY PARTY'S INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, OR (III) THAT THIS REPORT IS SUITABLE TO ANY PARTICULAR USER'S CIRCUMSTANCE; OR (B) ASSUMES RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING ANY CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF EPRI OR ANY EPRI REPRESENTATIVE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES) RESULTING FROM YOUR SELECTION OR USE OF THIS REPORT OR ANY INFORMATION, APPARATUS, METHOD, PROCESS, OR SIMILAR ITEM DISCLOSED IN THIS REPORT. ORGANIZATION(S) THAT PREPARED THIS REPORT ELEY ASSOCIATES ORDERING INFORMATION Requests for copies of this report should be directed to the EPRI Distribution Center, 207 Coggins Drive, P.O. Box 23205, Pleasant Hill, CA 94523, (510) 934-4212. Electric Power Research Institute and EPRI are registered service marks of Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. -
Lighting Dictionary
lighting dictionary the got light survival guide © got light. | 415-863-4300 | www.got-light.com lighting dictionary Below is a quick list of most commonly used technical terminology in lighting. Use and abuse this list to help navigate your way through the design process. Not enough new vocabulary for one sitting? Let us know how we can help! COPPER HOOKS A great solution for exterior pathway illumination. Copper Hooks come in six or eight foot heights, on rustic copper bases or ground stakes, that add light, as well as a decorative element. Illuminated lanterns or rustic pacific globes are paired with the hooks to surround a dining area, illuminate a lawn, driveway, or patio area. COVER, SHIELD, WRAP A cover is a Got Light must! A cover or shield is simply a three-sided masking tool to hide an uplight (and wires) so you don’t see the ugly equipment that makes a beautiful room come alive. Covers come in varying or custom colors to blend into the venue walls or architecture. A “wrap” is no different, except it’s made of custom velvet and surrounds a lighting TREE or pole to help disguise and hide the equipment that makes the magic happen. DAPPLE Dapple is a term used for “soft textured light”, created by using a GOBO in a light fixture to create shadow and texture. Dapple is commonly used when you don’t want a stylized gobo or motif and the end goal is soft diffusion. Often “dappled” light looks like subtle, natural soft light through leaves or branches, for a more organic design. -
Light-Emitting Diode - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Light-emitting diode - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A light-emitting diode (LED) (pronounced /ˌɛl iː ˈdiː/[1]) is a semiconductor Light-emitting diode light source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many devices, and are increasingly used for lighting. Introduced as a practical electronic component in 1962,[2] early LEDs emitted low-intensity red light, but modern versions are available across the visible, ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness. When a light-emitting diode is forward biased (switched on), electrons are able to recombine with holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence and the color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy gap of Red, green and blue LEDs of the 5mm type 2 the semiconductor. An LED is usually small in area (less than 1 mm ), and Type Passive, optoelectronic integrated optical components are used to shape its radiation pattern and assist in reflection.[3] LEDs present many advantages over incandescent light sources Working principle Electroluminescence including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved robustness, Invented Nick Holonyak Jr. (1962) smaller size, faster switching, and greater durability and reliability. LEDs powerful enough for room lighting are relatively expensive and require more Electronic symbol precise current and heat management than compact fluorescent lamp sources of comparable output. Pin configuration Anode and Cathode Light-emitting diodes are used in applications as diverse as replacements for aviation lighting, automotive lighting (particularly indicators) and in traffic signals. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,955,439 B2 Reismiller Et Al
USOO695.5439B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,955,439 B2 Reismiller et al. (45) Date of Patent: Oct. 18, 2005 (54) DUAL FILAMENT STATIC BENDING LAMP 3,855,462 A 12/1974 Kondo ........................ 362/36 4,638,408 A * 1/1987 Wetherington .............. 362/211 (75) Inventors: Philip A. Reismiller, Frankton, IN 4.945.453 A 7/1990 Serizawa et al. (US); Tony E. Collins, Alexandria, IN 5,060,120 A 10/1991 Kobayashi et al. (US) 5,517,389 A 5/1996 Myers 5,725,298 A 3/1998 Kaze et al. (73) Assignee: Guide Corporation, Pendleton, IN 6,049,7495,931,572 A 8/19994/2000 KyashiGotoh (US) 6,068.391. A 5/2000 Saladin et al. 6,409,369 B1 6/2002 De Lamberteri (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 6,439,739 B1 8/2002 sh. elee patent is extended or adjusted under 35 6,443,602 B1 9/2002 Tanabe et al. U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. 6,481,876 B2 * 11/2002 Hayami et al. ............. 362/.464 2002/0039289 A1 4/2002 Kinouchi 2002/0109998 A1 8/2002 Nouet et al. (21) Appl. No.:y - - - 10/372,5909 (22) Filed: Feb. 21, 2003 * cited by examiner (65) Prior Publication Data Primary Examiner John Anthony Ward Assistant Examiner Bao Q. Truong US 2004/0165373 A1 Aug. 26, 2004 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Ice Miller (51) Int. Cl. .................................................. B60Q 1/12 (57) ABSTRACT (52) U.S. Cl. .......................................... 362/36; 362/212 (58) Field of Search ................................. 362/362,212, The present invention comprises a bending lamp apparatus 362/39–43, 45, 48, 464, 465, 211, 213, and method of use. -
Clarifying Amendements: Headlights and Auxiliary Lights: Final Rule
Tuesday, March 16, 2004 Part V Department of Transportation Federal Railroad Administration 49 CFR Part 229 Railroad Locomotive Safety Standards: Clarifying Amendments; Headlights and Auxiliary Lights; Final Rule VerDate jul<14>2003 17:13 Mar 15, 2004 Jkt 203001 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 4717 Sfmt 4717 E:\FR\FM\16MRR3.SGM 16MRR3 12532 Federal Register / Vol. 69, No. 51 / Tuesday, March 16, 2004 / Rules and Regulations DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION online instructions for submitting having a minimum luminous intensity comments. of 200,000 candela. In the early to mid- Federal Railroad Administration Instructions: All submissions must 1990s, with the advent of locomotive include the agency name and docket auxiliary lights, the railroad industry 49 CFR Part 229 number or Regulatory Identification began using the 350-watt lamp in both [Docket No. FRA–2003–14217; Notice No. Number (RIN) for this rulemaking. Note headlight and auxiliary light fixtures. 2] that all petitions for reconsideration will Controlled testing of auxiliary lights be posted without change to http:// performed for FRA by the Volpe RIN 2130–AB58 dms.dot.gov including any personal National Transportation Systems Center information. Please see the ‘‘General (Volpe) in 1995 used regular production Railroad Locomotive Safety Standards: Information’’ heading in the 350-watt lamps. A single 350-watt lamp Clarifying Amendments; Headlights SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION section of tested by the U.S. Coast Guard for the and Auxiliary Lights this document for Privacy Act Volpe test, as well as data supplied by AGENCY: Federal Railroad information related to any submitted the lamp vendor, showed a center beam Administration (FRA), DOT. -
Study of Museum Lighting and Design
STUDY OF MUSEUM LIGHTING AND DESIGN Approved: ____________________________ Dr. Heather C. Galloway Director, University Honors Program Approved: ____________________________ Dr. Hegde Department of Family Consumer Science Supervising Professor STUDY OF MUSEUM LIGHTING AND DESIGN HONORS THESIS Presented to the Honors Committee of Texas State University-San Marcos In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For Graduation in the University Honors Program By Elizabeth Gay Hunt San Marcos, Texas May 2009 STUDY OF MUSEUM LIGHTING AND DESIGN ABSTRACT A museum is a place to discover, explore and learn about the past, present and future of creativity, as well as history. Lighting plays a significant role in developing interaction between humans and museum artifacts in one defined space. " Museums are places where lighting design is critical to the overall experience”(Lowe,43, 2009). Lighting is essential for human interaction in a space. Technical illumination research lays a foundation to conduct analysis in a variety of museums. This research component is significant to understand the complexity and various facets of overall museum lighting design. This study evaluates both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of lighting design in four museums. Psychological, physiological and experiential components are observed in these museums’ environments to analyze lighting design within its exhibits. My observations and knowledge gained by studying these museums help influence and enhance the design of the Cedar Hill Museum of History. 3 DEDICATION This Honor Thesis is dedicated in memory of my mother, Carolyn T. Hunt. She instilled in me the idea that we live a short time on Earth. She often said, “We are given talents that we must give back to the community and help others.” The Cedar Hill Museum of History lighting design is a reflection of how she contributed to the community of Cedar Hill and helped mold the community into what is today. -
Aquatic Invasive Species Plan
Amended Application for a New License Major Project – Existing Dam Aquatic Invasive Species Management Plan Security Level: Public Yuba River Development Project FERC Project No. 2246 September 2019 ©2019, Yuba County Water Agency All Rights Reserved Yuba County Water Agency Yuba River Development Project FERC Project No. 2246 Table of Contents Section No. Description Page No. Glossary - Definition of Terms, Acronyms and Abbreviations ............................................. GLO-1 1.0 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 Background .......................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1.1 Yuba River Development Project ............................................................ 1-1 1.1.2 Aquatic Invasive Species ......................................................................... 1-5 1.2 Purpose of the Aquatic Invasive Species Management Plan ............................... 1-5 1.3 Goals and Objectives of the Aquatic Invasive Species Management Plan .......... 1-6 1.4 Current Federal and State of California Authorities Applicable to Aquatic Invasive Species ................................................................................................... 1-6 1.4.1 Federal Laws, Regulations, Policies, and Plans ....................................... 1-6 1.4.2 State Laws, Regulations, Policies, and Plans ........................................... 1-7 1.5 Contents -
What's Wrong with White Leds
The Blind Leading the Blind: What’s Wrong with White LEDs A Technical Analysis of White LEDs and Why They Suck for Caving, At Least For Now By C. Taylor The marketing hype surrounding white LEDs just does not hold up to scrutiny. While white LEDs may suit the miserably small caves that we have in abundance in New England, if you want to avoid groping in the dark and going around in circles, not to mention falling down poorly lit drops, forget about white LED lamps. Go out and buy a real headlamp that can produce 50 lumens of light such as a Petzl Duo with an FR500 halogen bulb. And if you insist on using ANY lamp that takes four or fewer AA cells, use only Energizer e2 or similar lithium / iron sulfide batteries, which can handle the load, not conventional alkaline AAs, which fare poorly in most headlamps of adequate brightness for caving. I first knew something was amiss with white LEDs in July of 2004, when James Keary, Adam Dobson, Manos Pothos and I spent a long weekend caving in big passages in West Virginia. Everyone used a white LED headlamp except for me. I used an old Justrite electric headlamp, and unlike my buddies, I could actually see where I was going. James was even using the latest Nova white LED headlamp from Speleo Technics, which seemed to make no difference whatsoever. We came down from an upper level passage in Buckeye Creek and walked a few feet around some breakdown in the main stream passage. -
Lighting Design Manual
TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1: GENERAL REQUIREMENTS 1.1 PURPOSE 1.2 RESPONSIBILITY 1.3 COORDINATION 1.3.1 PLANNING AND DESIGN 1.3.2 INSTALLATION 1.4 DESIGN STANDARDS AND CODES 1.4.1 GENERAL 1.4.2 VA STANDARDS 1.4.3 OTHER STANDARDS AND CODES 1.5 DAYLIGHTING 1.5.1 GENERAL 1.6 ABBREVIATIONS 1.7 GLOSSARY CHAPTER 2: LIGHTING DESIGN REQUIREMENTS 2.1 ENERGY CONSERVATION 2.2 LIGHTING DESIGN STRATEGIES 2.3 LIGHTING DESIGN OBJECTIVES 2.3.1 INTERIOR 2.3.2 EXTERIOR 2.4 LIGHTING CONTROL DESIGN STRATEGIES AND OBJECTIVES 2.5 LIGHTING CONTROL DESIGN METHODOLOGIES 2.5.1 INTERIOR 2.5.2 EXTERIOR 2.6 LUMINAIRE SELECTION GUIDELINES 2.6.1 INTERIOR 2.6.2 EXTERIOR 2.7 LIGHT SOURCE SELECTION GUIDELINES 2.7.1 FLUORESCENT 2.7.2 HIGH INTENSITY DISCHARGE (HID) 2.7.3 LIGHT EMITTING DIODES (LED) 2.8 BALLAST AND LED DRIVER SELECTION GUIDELINES 2.8.1 FLUORESCENT BALLAST 2.8.2 HID BALLAST 2.8.3 LED DRIVER 2.9 EMERGENCY POWER PACK SELECTION GUIDELINES 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS 2.10 LIGHTING CONTROL SELECTION GUIDELINES 2.11 LIGHTING CALCULATIONS 2.12 LIGHTING SYSTEM COMMISSIONING 2.13 LIGHTING MAINTENANCE CONSIDERATIONS CHAPTER 3: EXTERIOR LIGHTING GUIDELINES 3.1 ROADWAYS 3.2 OPEN PARKING AREAS 3.3 WALKWAYS 3.4 ENTRIES 3.5 LANDSCAPE 3.6 BUILDING PERIMETER 3.7 FLAGPOLES 3.8 PARKING STRUCTURES 3.9 HELICOPTER PADS 3.10 WATER TANKS 3.11 ROOF-MOUNTED ANTENNA-OBSTRUCTION LIGHTS CHAPTER 4: PATIENT AREAS LIGHTING GUIDELINES 4.1. PATIENT AREAS LIGHTING GUIDELINES MATRIX 4.2 SPECIALTY, DIAGNOSTIC, AND TREATMENT AREAS 4.2.1 EXAMINATION AND TREATMENT ROOM 4.2.2 BLOOD DRAW STATION 4.2.3 ORTHOTIC