Street Light Design Manual Preface
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Lighting and Electrics
Lighting and Electrics 1 1E See also: First Electric 2 P&G See also: Pin Connector 2-fer See also: Two-fer 2/0 Pronounced 2-aught; single conductor cable with wire size "2/0" on jacket; commonly used for feeder cable 2PG See also: Pin Connector 3-fer See also: Three-fer 4/0 Pronounced 4-aught; single conductor cable with wire size "4/0" on jacket; commonly used for feeder cable A Adapter Electrical accessory that transitions between dissimilar connectors; may be a molded unit, box or cable assembly Amp See also: Amperes Amperes Unit of measure for the quantity of electricity flowing in a conductor Synonym: A, Amp, Current AMX192 Analog Multiplexing protocol for transmitting control information from a console to a dimmer or other controllable device Synonym: AMX, USITT AMX192 eSET: Lighting & Electrics 2 Ante-proscenium See also: Front of House (FOH) Beam Asbestos Skirt Obsolete term See also: Flameproof Apron Automated Fixtures See also: Automated Luminaire Automated Lighting Control Console Lighting console capable of controlling automated luminaires Automated Luminaire Lighting instrument with attributes that are remotely controlled Synonym: Automated Fixture, Automated Light, Computerized Light, Intelligent Light, Motorized Light, Mover, Moving Light, More… Automated Yoke Remotely controlled pan and tilt device Synonym: Yokie B Backlight A lighting source that is behind the talent or subject from the viewers perspective Synonym: Backs, Back Wash, Bx, Hair Light, Rim Light Backs See also: Backlight Balcony Front See also: Balcony Rail -
Delamping in Most of Our Classroom Light Fixtures, There Are One to Four Individual Fluorescent Lamps
Delamping In most of our classroom light fixtures, there are one to four individual fluorescent lamps. Depending on the types of fixtures, you can remove one of the lamps while keeping the others in. Which one to take out simply depends on which appears best to you. On the newer, skinnier (T-8) lamps, the manufacturer recommends that no more than one lamp be removed from the fixture. Delamping is a simple way to reduce foot-candles of light intensity in an area. In the lighting industry, foot-candles are a common unit of measurement used to calculate adequate lighting levels of workspaces in buildings or outdoor spaces. Of course, you can also remove all the lamps in a fixture if the light is not needed at all. Some overhead light fixtures are also emergency lights that will stay on when the building loses power. The emergency light fixtures should not be deplamped. Delamping should done by qualified staff only. Keep in mind these rules for delamping: Do not compromise health, safety, or security. Do not take lamps out of new fixtures that are still covered under warranty. Do consider the needs of the building occupants. With T-8 systems, do not remove more than one lamp per fixture. Maintain recommended minimum light levels. Refer to the chart on the next page. Where would you delamp a light fixture? Delamping is possible anywhere there is a fluorescent light fixture above an area that is not being used for active reading and writing or in areas where there is more light than needed. -
Street Light/Traffic Signal Crew Supervisor
CITY OF SALINAS STREET LIGHT/TRAFFIC SIGNAL CREW SUPERVISOR BARGAINING UNIT/CLASS CODE: SEIU SUPV. / P06 DEFINITION To assume substantial responsibilities for the daily supervision of a crew in the Street Division of the Maintenance Services Department; and to perform a variety of skilled electrical work in the installation, maintenance, and repair of signal systems and street lights; performs other related work as required. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS This is the advanced journey and hands on, supervisory class. Positions in this class exercise daily supervision of assigned personnel under the direction of Street Maintenance Manager. It is distinguished from the Public Service Maintenance Worker IV by the greater extent of the supervisory responsibility and lead supervision over a crew. This position is expected to perform many of the advanced technical skill activities in the repair and maintenance of streetlights and traffic signals. It is distinguished from the Street Maintenance Manager in that it does not have full responsibilities for organizing and assigning work, and changing work procedures, program development and recommending employee selections, promotions or discipline. SUPERVISION RECEIVED AND EXERCISED Receives direction from the Street Maintenance Manager. Exercises functional supervision over assigned staff. ESSENTIAL JOB FUNCTIONS OF THE POSITION Duties may include, but are not limited to the following: Coordinate with the Street Maintenance Manager in organizing and planning work assignments. Supervise, train and evaluate subordinate employees. Assign specific tasks to individuals and crew to accomplish assigned work. Lead a street light/traffic signal maintenance and installation crew. Assist the Street Maintenance Manager with administration of division activities; keep records, prepare reports, estimate job costs, order materials, evaluate work procedures. -
THE MYSTERY of FLASH REVEALED by Charlie Borland All Text and Images Copyright © Charlie Borland
THE MYSTERY OF FLASH REVEALED by Charlie Borland All text and images Copyright © Charlie Borland LESSON 1 UNDERSTANDING FLASH In a perfect world for photography, every photograph we take would have perfect light, the perfect subject, perfect exposure, resulting in the perfect photograph. However, as you know there is nothing perfect in our world including the conditions, in which we photograph. Fortunately, there are tools available that allow us to capture pictures that may appear close to perfect and flash is one of them. Flash has so many useful applications in photography. It can be the dominant light source or a secondary light source. Here it is secondary as the flash is set for flash fill to lower the contrast created by the sun. We will cover flash fill coming up. In this course, we will closely examine how flash works in conjunction with your camera and explore techniques that will improve your photographs, and even open up creative options you may not have been aware. Once you understand the principals behind flash, you will find that using one is really quite simple. You can then take these fundamentals, and apply them to your particular flash and camera system. There are many makes and models available today and they change literally on a daily basis. We cannot possibly cover how each and every flash unit works, but with the basic understanding of flash theory and technique, you should easily be able to revisit your owner’s manual and gain a thorough understanding of how your flash and camera system work together. -
2455-2240, Volume 19 Issue 1,April 2020
International Journal of Research, Science, Technology & Management ISSN Online: 2455-2240, Volume 19 Issue 1,April 2020 A STUDY OF SOLAR STREET LIGHT AND OPTIMIZATION FOR SPACING IN POLES AND COST Abhigyan Singh, Dayanand Saraswati ABSTRACT In this paper we are studding the convectional led light of renewable energy of electrification. Now the India has been using the remote control of energy in solar power. Solar electrification is the most important part of the developing in India as it is urban area or rural area. In this paper, we are focusing the optimization of solar electrification to charge of power, cost efficient and efficiency effect. Also discuss the how LED light is more efficiently as compare to the CFL light in solar street light. We will discuss the study of LED light and CFL light about access the energy in solar project. Solar street light project has developed by new technology as automated control system, tubular battery, panel’s type. India is using the solar street light in rural areas because of the less transportation of electricity in rural areas. We are studding the rural street light in Rajasthan to generate the solar electric light in road. Solar Street light is friendly behavior of human being to save the energy and reduces the criminal cases on road in night and also reduced the accident in night. Street light optimization is discussing the sufficient of street light in an area of road in INDIA. We are discussing the population of rural area and use the street light to evaluate the effect on environment by the different type of light. -
Lighting Retrofit Manual
Lighting Retrofit Manual Technical Report Lighting Retrofit Manual TR-107130-R1 Final Report, April 1998 Prepared for Electric Power Research Institute 3412 Hillview Avenue Palo Alto, California 94304 EPRI Project Manager J. Kesselring DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTIES AND LIMITATION OF LIABILITIES THIS REPORT WAS PREPARED BY THE ORGANIZATION(S) NAMED BELOW AS AN ACCOUNT OF WORK SPONSORED OR COSPONSORED BY THE ELECTRIC POWER RESEARCH INSTITUTE, INC. (EPRI). NEITHER EPRI, ANY MEMBER OF EPRI, ANY COSPONSOR, THE ORGANIZATION(S) BELOW, NOR ANY PERSON ACTING ON BEHALF OF ANY OF THEM: (A) MAKES ANY WARRANTY OR REPRESENTATION WHATSOEVER, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, (I) WITH RESPECT TO THE USE OF ANY INFORMATION, APPARATUS, METHOD, PROCESS, OR SIMILAR ITEM DISCLOSED IN THIS REPORT, INCLUDING MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR (II) THAT SUCH USE DOES NOT INFRINGE ON OR INTERFERE WITH PRIVATELY OWNED RIGHTS, INCLUDING ANY PARTY'S INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY, OR (III) THAT THIS REPORT IS SUITABLE TO ANY PARTICULAR USER'S CIRCUMSTANCE; OR (B) ASSUMES RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY WHATSOEVER (INCLUDING ANY CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, EVEN IF EPRI OR ANY EPRI REPRESENTATIVE HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES) RESULTING FROM YOUR SELECTION OR USE OF THIS REPORT OR ANY INFORMATION, APPARATUS, METHOD, PROCESS, OR SIMILAR ITEM DISCLOSED IN THIS REPORT. ORGANIZATION(S) THAT PREPARED THIS REPORT ELEY ASSOCIATES ORDERING INFORMATION Requests for copies of this report should be directed to the EPRI Distribution Center, 207 Coggins Drive, P.O. Box 23205, Pleasant Hill, CA 94523, (510) 934-4212. Electric Power Research Institute and EPRI are registered service marks of Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. -
Lighting Dictionary
lighting dictionary the got light survival guide © got light. | 415-863-4300 | www.got-light.com lighting dictionary Below is a quick list of most commonly used technical terminology in lighting. Use and abuse this list to help navigate your way through the design process. Not enough new vocabulary for one sitting? Let us know how we can help! COPPER HOOKS A great solution for exterior pathway illumination. Copper Hooks come in six or eight foot heights, on rustic copper bases or ground stakes, that add light, as well as a decorative element. Illuminated lanterns or rustic pacific globes are paired with the hooks to surround a dining area, illuminate a lawn, driveway, or patio area. COVER, SHIELD, WRAP A cover is a Got Light must! A cover or shield is simply a three-sided masking tool to hide an uplight (and wires) so you don’t see the ugly equipment that makes a beautiful room come alive. Covers come in varying or custom colors to blend into the venue walls or architecture. A “wrap” is no different, except it’s made of custom velvet and surrounds a lighting TREE or pole to help disguise and hide the equipment that makes the magic happen. DAPPLE Dapple is a term used for “soft textured light”, created by using a GOBO in a light fixture to create shadow and texture. Dapple is commonly used when you don’t want a stylized gobo or motif and the end goal is soft diffusion. Often “dappled” light looks like subtle, natural soft light through leaves or branches, for a more organic design. -
Street Lighting Design Guidelines & Details
City and County of Denver Street Lighting Design Guidelines & Details Department of Public Works Engineering Division September 2019 City and County of Denver Street Lighting Design Guidelines Developed by: The City and County of Denver Public Works Department Clanton & Associates, Inc. Jacobs Engineering Group Copyright © 2019 City and County of Denver. All Rights Reserved. Reproduction of this document, in any form, without prior written permission from the City and County of Denver is strictly prohibited. Distribution of this document is strictly for use by and for business within the City and County of Denver, CO. 2 | Page City and County of Denver Street Lighting Design Guidelines Table of Content Background and Purpose .................................................................................................................................. 7 1.1 Typical Street Light Installations............................................................................................................. 7 Streetlight General Guidance ........................................................................................................................... 9 Fundamentals of Lighting Design ................................................................................................................. 11 3.1 Factors in Lighting Design ..................................................................................................................... 11 3.2 Non-Visual Effects of Light ................................................................................................................... -
Light-Emitting Diode - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Light-emitting diode - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia A light-emitting diode (LED) (pronounced /ˌɛl iː ˈdiː/[1]) is a semiconductor Light-emitting diode light source. LEDs are used as indicator lamps in many devices, and are increasingly used for lighting. Introduced as a practical electronic component in 1962,[2] early LEDs emitted low-intensity red light, but modern versions are available across the visible, ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths, with very high brightness. When a light-emitting diode is forward biased (switched on), electrons are able to recombine with holes within the device, releasing energy in the form of photons. This effect is called electroluminescence and the color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy gap of Red, green and blue LEDs of the 5mm type 2 the semiconductor. An LED is usually small in area (less than 1 mm ), and Type Passive, optoelectronic integrated optical components are used to shape its radiation pattern and assist in reflection.[3] LEDs present many advantages over incandescent light sources Working principle Electroluminescence including lower energy consumption, longer lifetime, improved robustness, Invented Nick Holonyak Jr. (1962) smaller size, faster switching, and greater durability and reliability. LEDs powerful enough for room lighting are relatively expensive and require more Electronic symbol precise current and heat management than compact fluorescent lamp sources of comparable output. Pin configuration Anode and Cathode Light-emitting diodes are used in applications as diverse as replacements for aviation lighting, automotive lighting (particularly indicators) and in traffic signals. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,955,439 B2 Reismiller Et Al
USOO695.5439B2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,955,439 B2 Reismiller et al. (45) Date of Patent: Oct. 18, 2005 (54) DUAL FILAMENT STATIC BENDING LAMP 3,855,462 A 12/1974 Kondo ........................ 362/36 4,638,408 A * 1/1987 Wetherington .............. 362/211 (75) Inventors: Philip A. Reismiller, Frankton, IN 4.945.453 A 7/1990 Serizawa et al. (US); Tony E. Collins, Alexandria, IN 5,060,120 A 10/1991 Kobayashi et al. (US) 5,517,389 A 5/1996 Myers 5,725,298 A 3/1998 Kaze et al. (73) Assignee: Guide Corporation, Pendleton, IN 6,049,7495,931,572 A 8/19994/2000 KyashiGotoh (US) 6,068.391. A 5/2000 Saladin et al. 6,409,369 B1 6/2002 De Lamberteri (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 6,439,739 B1 8/2002 sh. elee patent is extended or adjusted under 35 6,443,602 B1 9/2002 Tanabe et al. U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. 6,481,876 B2 * 11/2002 Hayami et al. ............. 362/.464 2002/0039289 A1 4/2002 Kinouchi 2002/0109998 A1 8/2002 Nouet et al. (21) Appl. No.:y - - - 10/372,5909 (22) Filed: Feb. 21, 2003 * cited by examiner (65) Prior Publication Data Primary Examiner John Anthony Ward Assistant Examiner Bao Q. Truong US 2004/0165373 A1 Aug. 26, 2004 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Ice Miller (51) Int. Cl. .................................................. B60Q 1/12 (57) ABSTRACT (52) U.S. Cl. .......................................... 362/36; 362/212 (58) Field of Search ................................. 362/362,212, The present invention comprises a bending lamp apparatus 362/39–43, 45, 48, 464, 465, 211, 213, and method of use. -
Solid-State Lighting Based on Light Emitting Diode Technology Dandan Zhu and Colin J
87 5 Solid-State Lighting Based on Light Emitting Diode Technology Dandan Zhu and Colin J. Humphreys 5.1 Historical Development of LEDs – 88 5.2 The Importance of Nitride Materials – 89 5.3 LED Basics – 90 5.4 Fabrication of an LED Luminaire – 92 5.4.1 Efficiency and Efficacy – 93 5.5 Research Challenges – 94 5.5.1 Crystal Growth – 95 5.5.2 Internal Electric Field – 97 5.5.3 p-Type Doping – 99 5.5.4 Green Gap and Efficiency Droop – 100 5.5.5 Chip Design – 102 5.5.6 Generation of White Light with LEDs – 103 5.5.7 LED Packaging – 105 5.6 LEDs for Lighting – 106 5.6.1 Quality of LED Lighting – 106 5.6.2 Efficacy – 107 5.6.3 Lifetime – 108 5.6.4 Cost – 109 5.7 LED Lighting Applications: The Present and Future – 110 5.7.1 General Illumination and Energy Saving – 112 5.7.2 Circadian Rhythm Lighting – 113 5.8 Chapter Summary – 114 References – 114 D. Zhu C.J. Humphreys (*) Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB30FS, UK e-mail: [email protected] © The Author(s) 2016 M.D. Al-Amri et al. (eds.), Optics in Our Time, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-31903-2_5 88 D. Zhu and C.J. Humphreys 5.1 Historical Development of LEDs More than 100 years ago in 1907, an Englishman named Henry Joseph Round discovered that inorganic materials could light up when an electric current flowed through. -
Lighting 101
Strobist ::: Apparatus minor • Cogitatio magis • Lux melior ::: Lighting 101 http://strobist.com ver. 12-2013 Introduction Welcome to Lighting 101. You may not realize it yet, but you have just stepped through a door that may change your photography forever. Over the past few years, over four million people from nearly every country in the world have begun their lighting education right here. And if they can do it, you can do it. Photography is literally writing with light. As you read through Lighting 101 you'll learn how to control every aspect of your electronic flash. If you can imagine it, you'll be able to create it. You'll learn how to take the removable flash that you probably already have on the top of your camera and use it off-camera to make beautiful, more three-dimensional photos. Once you learn the basics of controlling light, you'll quickly see that most lighting is intuitive, easy and fun. The Good News: The Gear Doesn't Cost Much (Photo by Strobist reader Sam Simon) Basic lighting gear is also refreshingly inexpensive. If you have a camera, lens and flash you have already done the spendy part. The gear needed to take your light off-camera is very inexpensive compared to your camera, your flash or even a single lens. By getting your flash off-camera, your images become more three-dimensional, more textural and more professional looking. All of the photos on this page were made by Strobist readers (who very recently may well have been exactly where you are right now) just lighting with small flashes.