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Somalia Review Report for Beijing IMPLEMENTATION OF THE BEIJING PLATFORM FOR ACTION BEIJING+20 REVIEW SOMALIA COUNTRY REPORT 2014 Beijing +20 Review Somalia Country Report 2014 CONTENTS List of Abbreviations and Acronyms ...................................................................................................... 3 Map of Somalia ........................................................................................................................................... 5 1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 6 1.1. Background .......................................................................................................................................... 6 2. Section One: Overview analysis of major achievements and challenges since 2010 ................ 8 3. Achievements, challenges and recommendations in the Areas of Concern ............................ 14 3.1. Women and poverty ......................................................................................................................... 14 3.2. Education and training of women .................................................................................................. 17 3.3. Women and health ............................................................................................................................ 18 3.4. Violence against women .................................................................................................................. 23 3.5. Women and Armed Conflict ........................................................................................................... 27 3.6. Women and the Economy ................................................................................................................ 29 3.7. Women, governance, power and decision-making ...................................................................... 31 3.8. Human Rights of Women ................................................................................................................ 32 3.9 Women and Media............................................................................................................................. 33 3.10. Women and Environment .............................................................................................................. 34 3.11. The Girl Child .................................................................................................................................. 35 4. Emerging priorities .............................................................................................................................. 40 5.Annexures .............................................................................................................................................. 42 Annexure1: Methodology of the Review ............................................................................................. 42 Annexure 2: Report on the BPfA implementation in Somaliland ..................................................... 43 Annexure 3: Summary of Conflict Actors ............................................................................................ 72 Annexure 4: The child Protective legal and constitutional framework ............................................ 76 Annexure 5: Ratification of International Human Rights Treaties – Somalia ................................. 81 Annexure 6: Data on Education ............................................................................................................. 83 2 Beijing +20 Review Somalia Country Report 2014 List of Abbreviations and Acronyms AMISOM African Union Mission in Somalia ART Anti-Retroviral Treatment BTI Bertelsmann Stiftung’s Transformation Index BPfA Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action CECs Community Education Committees CEDAW Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination Against Women CMC Coordination Monitoring Committee CRC Committee on the Rights of the Child CSO Civil Society Organization CSZ Central South Zone ERP Economic Recovery Plan FAO Food and Agricultural Organization FGM Female Genital Mutilation FHH Female Headed Households GAVI Global Alliance for Vaccine and Immunization GBV Gender Based Violence GDP Gross Domestic Product GER Gross Enrolment Ratio/Gross Enrolment Rate GFP Gender Focal Points GNP Gross National Product GPF Global Partnership for Education GPI Gender Parity Index HDI Human Development Index HDR Human Development Report HIV/AIDS Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome IDPs Internally Displaced Persons ILO International Labor Organization INGO International Non-Governmental Organisation IPTCS Integrated Prevention Treatment Care and Support MCH Maternal and Child Health MDGs Millennium Development Goals MHH Male Headed Households MICS Multiple Cluster Indicator Survey MICS Multi-Sector Indicator Survey MMR Maternal Mortality Rate MOH Ministry of Health NCA National Constituent Assembly NDP National Development Plan NFP National Federal Parliament NGO Non-Governmental Organization NGP National Gender Policy NOW National Organization for Women PLWHIV People Living With HIV PRER Poverty Reduction and Economic Recovery PRSP Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper 3 Beijing +20 Review Somalia Country Report 2014 PSS Primary School Survey RDF Reconstruction and Development Framework RDP Reconstruction and Development Programme SOMTA Somalia Money Transfer Association SOWC The State of the World’s Children TBA Traditional Birth Attendant TFG Transitional Federal Government TFP Transitional Federal Parliament TNG Transitional National Government ICU Islamic Courts Union UN United Nations UNAIDS Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization UNGASS United Nations General Assembly Special Sessions UNFPA United Nations Population Fund UN- United Nations Human Settlements Programme HABITAT UNHCR United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund UNWOMEN United Nations Entity for Gender Equality and empowerment of Women UNOSOM United Nations Operations in Somalia UNSCR UN Security Council Resolutions WB World Bank WFP World Food Programme WHO World Health Organization 4 Beijing +20 Review Somalia Country Report 2014 Map of Somalia 5 Beijing +20 Review Somalia Country Report 2014 1. Introduction The Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action (BPfA) is an international agreement on women’s rights set up at the Fourth World Conference on Women, held in Beijing in 1995. An accountability process of the Beijing Platform for Action (BPfA) was developed and agreed upon in 1995 that requires member States of the United Nations to meet on a five-yearly basis to review, reassess and make commitments to their implementation of the Platform taking into account existing conditions on the ground. In 2015 there will be another review marking the 20th anniversary of the BPfA. The Guidance Notes provided by UN Women and ECA dictates that the review place special emphasis on the periods since 2009. During the review period (2009 to 2014), Somalia experienced ongoing violence which, in combination with a severe drought in 2011, initiated one of the worst humanitarian crises in two decades. However, given the reality that Somalia is yet to submit its first report and due to the scarcity of data and information, for the purpose of this review, 2010 has been used as the point of departure for the next major review process that will take place at the CSW (Commission of the Status of Women) in 2015. 1.1. Background Somalia has an estimated population of 10.55 million as of 20141 with a total area of 637,657sq km (246,201 sq miles). The capital is Mogadishu. Ethnically Somalia is a homogenous country comprising of nearly 100% Muslims2. There is an increasing influence of Islam in Somali politics, particularly since 2006, the concept of the Umma3, has gained significant importance. Somalia gained independence in 1960 as an amalgam of former British and Italian colonies populated largely by ethnic Somalis4. Till today, Somalia continues to experience violence and unrest from a number of different conflicts, which overlap and are interconnected.5 (For more information on Conflict actors refer to Annex 1). The collapse of the Somali Government in 1991 destroyed public institutions and governance structures. In October 2004, Somalia elected a President of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of Somalia and formed an interim Government, known as the Somalia Transitional Federal Institutions (TFIs). In 2007 the African Peacekeeping force African Union Mission in Somalia (AMISOM) was deployed in Somalia. The AMISOM was raised to nearly 10,000 troops and forced al-Shabaab to withdraw from Mogadishu in August 2011. Since 2007, al-Shabaab has expanded its sphere of control and has dominated southern and central Somalia, with the exception of some parts of Mogadishu. However, by the end of 2009 insurgents increased their presence in the capital as well. Kenya joined the Somali conflict in October 2011, on the side of the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) after al-Shabaab had allegedly launched a series of kidnappings across the Kenyan border. Ethiopia joined Kenya, troops fought al-Shabaab together with local militias in the west of the country. Under military pressure from all sides, al-Shabaab was forced
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