Malaysia Sustainable Development Goals Voluntary National Review 2017
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MALAYSIA GOVERNMENT OF MALAYSIA Sustainable Development Goals Voluntary National Review 2017 High-level Political Forum MALAYSIA Sustainable Development Goals Voluntary National Review 2017 High-level Political Forum Published by the Economic Planning Unit © EPU 2017. All rights reserved. First published June 2017 ISBN 999-9999-99-9 Economic Planning Unit, Prime Minister’s Department, Blocks B5 & B6, Federal Government Administrative Centre, 62502 Putrajaya, Malaysia. www.epu.gov.my The contents may be freely reproduced for non-commercial purposes with attribution to the copyright holders. Maps are not authoritative boundaries. Design by Thumb-Print Studio Sdn Bhd FOREWORD iii Foreword In September 2015, while addressing the United Nations Recognising the role of Sustainable Development Summit, I reaffirmed Malaysia’s women, Malaysia has commitment to support and implement the 2030 consistently shown its Agenda for Sustainable Development and its 17 commitment to achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). gender equality and promoting the rights of Sustainable development has been at the heart of women and girls. Among Malaysia’s development approach since the 1970s, with other achievements, the an emphasis on eradicating poverty, improving the female labour participation well-being of the people, providing universal access to rate has increased to education, and caring for the environment. In 2009, we 54 per cent. Women in renewed our commitment to sustainable development decision-making positions in the public sector exceeds when we launched the New Economic Model, which 30 per cent, while those in top management positions in features three goals: achieving high income, inclusivity public-listed companies comprise 26.3 per cent. and sustainability. These continue to resonate well with the three components of the SDGs, namely, economy, Lastly, in our effort to manage our natural resources and social and environment. conserve the environment while mitigating the effects of climate change, Malaysia is implementing a Green Growth Having reduced absolute poverty to less than one strategy under the 11th Malaysia Plan. We have made per cent, we are now focusing on uplifting the quality significant progress on all other dimensions of the SDGs of life of the bottom 40 per cent of households (B40). as well and have put in place concrete measures to take By 2020, we aim to double the average income of B40 them forward. households, from US$700 in 2014 to US$1,500, thereby raising them into the middle class. This will be done This Voluntary National Review report is a testimony to through outcome-based support and productivity-linked Malaysia’s continued commitment to achieve the 2030 assistance, including entrepreneurship, skills training, Agenda and the SDGs. In turn, this will help to ensure technology adoption and asset ownership. We also are that no one is left behind, and that every Malaysian has improving B40 access to affordable housing, quality an equitable share in the prosperity and wealth of health services and basic amenities. this nation. Dato’ Sri Mohd Najib bin Tun Haji Abdul Razak Prime Minister of Malaysia iv MALAYSIA Sustainable Development Goals VoluntarY National Review 2017 Summary Malaysia started its journey towards sustainable Development (the 2030 Agenda), encompassing development in the 1970s, when the New Economic economic, social and environmental elements. The NEM Policy (NEP) to eradicate poverty and restructure societal provides the basis for Malaysia’s development plans until imbalances was launched. All subsequent five-year 2020. The current plan, the Eleventh Malaysia Plan national development plans have underscored the 2016–2020 (11MP), is thus premised on the three goals of elements of sustainable development, encompassing NEM. The 11MP theme is “Anchoring Growth on People,” sustainable economic growth; growth with equitable where people are the centrepiece of all development distribution to all sections of society; balanced efforts, complemented by ensuring that no section of development; access to basic infrastructure and utilities; society is left behind in participating and benefiting access to education and healthcare services; and from the nation’s development. Critically, the 11MP is mainstreaming of environmental conservation. aligned to most of the global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In 2009, Malaysia formulated the New Economic Model (NEM) which further cemented its commitment to pursue Therefore, Malaysia is not starting anew on its pathway sustainable development based on three goals, namely, to sustainable development, but is building on a process high income, inclusivity and sustainability. These mirror already in motion for decades. Chart 1 shows some of the three elements of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable the achievements thus far. Chart 1: Key Development Achievements in Malaysia in terms of SDGs MALAYSIA’S VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW REPORT 2017 ABSOLUTE POVERTY DISEASES & MORTALITY RATES EDUCATION & HUNGER Absolute poverty reduced from Child and maternal mortality 97.2% enrollment rates for primary and 49.3% (1970) to 0.6% (2014), rates are almost at the level of 90% for secondary school for both boys 90% reduction in under-nutrition developed countries; eradicated and girls in 2016 and 48% enrollment between 1990 and 2014 endemic smallpox and polio; drastic for higher education in 2012 (70% reductions in water-borne diseases; higher than in 2002) and reversed the spread of HIV/AIDS and malaria; 95% of public health service subsidised (2015) SUMMARY v Chart 1: Key development achievements in Malaysia in terms of SDGs (continued) MALAYSIA’S VOLUNTARY NATIONAL REVIEW REPORT 2017 BASIC AMENITIES INFRASTRUCTURE JUSTICE & STRONG SCP & CLIMATE INSTITUTIONS CHANGE Over 95% coverage 81.5% national broadband Ranked 55 out of 176 RM429 million of green for treated water and penetration (2016) with countries in Corruption government procurement sanitation facilities, and 91.2% coverage in Perception Index; Ranked since 2013; carbon intensity 98.2% coverage of 24-hour populated areas (2016), 40 out of 193 countries in of enconomy reduced by electricity supply at national 58% growth in road Online Service sub-index 33% since 2009 level in 2015. A 1.5 times networks with improved of the UN e-Government increase in renewable energy connectivity across the Development Index (2016) installed capacity (2016) country between 2010 and 2015 ECONOMY & INCOME INEQUALITIES ENVIRONMENTAL GLOBAL ROLES EMPLOYMENT ENDOWMENT Sustained 6.2% per annum Reduced as indicated by Maintained 55.2% forest Shared development economic growth for 50 lower Gini Coefficient from cover, 12.1% as terrestrial experience with 31,000 years. Full employment since 0.513 (1970) to 0.401 protected areas and 3.36% participants from 142 1992. Increase of female (2014). Less than 1% poverty as marine protected areas. countries through Malaysian labour force participation rate for male- and female- Malaysia participates Technical Cooperation rate to 54.1% (2015) headed households in international trans- Programme (2016); boundary conservation Strong partner in the efforts, namely, Heart of implementation of ASEAN Borneo initiatives for forests Economic Community and Coral Triangle Initiatives for marine areas vi MALAYSIA Sustainable Development Goals VoluntarY National Review 2017 The Honourable Prime Minister of Malaysia, Dato’ Seri Moving forward, Malaysia will implement the 2030 Mohd. Najib Tun Abdul Razak reaffirmed Malaysia’s Agenda under the framework of 11MP, whereby the commitment to support and implement the 2030 Agenda means of implementation include: for Sustainable Development during the United Nations • localising SDGs at sub-national levels by replicating the Summit for its adoption in New York in September 2015. national multi-stakeholder governance structure at state levels; In the process to embrace and implement the 17 SDGs • mobilising resources and funding through partnerships in a systematic and measurable manner, Malaysia has put with stakeholders including crowd sourcing, social in place an enabling environment through the following entrepreneurship and Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives: programmes besides public sector funding under • established a multi-stakeholder, participatory 11MP; and governance structure helmed by the National SDG • strengthening data readiness and filling data gaps Council chaired by the Prime Minister; to develop a comprehensive dataset for SDG • held several national SDG symposiums and focus group implementation. sessions to promote awareness and participation of stakeholders; This report presents Malaysia’s achievements on selected • conducted studies on data readiness and gap analysis; SDGs in line with the 2017 global High-level Political • undertaken a mapping exercise involving non- Forum theme of “Eradicating poverty and promoting government and civil society organisations and the prosperity in a changing world”. Further details on the private sector to align SDGs with 11MP initiatives; enabling environment to implement the SDGs as well as • formulated a National SDG Roadmap to guide the means of implementation are also presented. implementation of the 2030 Agenda and the SDGs; and • implementing SDG initiative under the framework of the 11MP. vii TABLE OF iii FOREWORD contents iv SUMMARY viii LIST OF BOXES, FIGURES & TABLE 1 INTRODUCTION 5 DEVELOPMENT ACHIEVEMENTS 41 ENABLING ENVIRONMENT 59 MEANS OF IMPLEMENTATION 65 CONCLUSION 67 BACKGROUND ON MALAYSIA