DOCSLIB.ORG

Notas Sobre El Cáncer Del Ciprés (Seiridium Cardinale (Wag.) Sutt. Et Gibs.)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Notas Sobre El Cáncer Del Ciprés (Seiridium Cardinale (Wag.) Sutt. Et Gibs.) Bol. San. Veg. Plagas, 17: 423-439, 1991 Notas sobre el cáncer del ciprés (Seiridium cardinale (Wag.) Sutt. et Gibs.) I. GIMÉNEZ VERDÚ Estre trabajo recoge una serie de notas acerca de las características sintomatoló- gicas, etiológicas, biológicas, epidemiológicas, terapéuticas y de otros aspectos de in- terés sobre el cáncer del ciprés, producido por el Deuteromiceto Melanconial Seiri- dium cardinale (Wag.) Sutt. et Gibs., sin. de Coryneum cardinale Wag. Del mismo modo son incluidas diversas indicaciones en torno al origen e introduc- ción de la planta huésped y de otras Cupresáceas en nuestro país, viniendo conside- rado entre otros datos su uso, difusión y diversa sensibilidad al patógeno. En control químico se hace referencia a las principales líneas, destacando el uso de apositos sobre heridas como Santar-SM o Vinavil y de tratamientos con benomylo, carbendazima, metil-tiofanato y sus asociaciones con captafol o diclofluanida, aconse- jando la importancia de proteger viveros. En cuanto a la mejora genética, en la que se piensa, recae fundamentalmente la posibilidad de una solución más eficaz que la procurada por los biocidas en el control de la enfermedad, se tiene en cuenta la selección de cultivares, creación de variedades multiclonales y a partir de éstas la creación de viveros, consecución de una adaptación pedoclimática estable en los ejemplares seleccionados y previsión de una posible apa- rición de patotipos capaces de rebasar la resistencia. Finalmente se indica que por el momento no han sido identificados en las mues- tras recogidas Lepteutypa cupressi (Natras et al.) Swart 1973, así como tampoco Sei- ridium unicorne (Cooke et Eli.) Sutton 1975, concluyéndose en haber sido observado como transmisor principal de la enfermedad al escolítido Phloesinus aubei (Perr.). I. GIMÉNEZ VERDÚ: Departamento de Biología Vegetal I. Facultad de Biología. Universidad Complutense. Madrid. Palabras claves: Seiridium cardinale, ciprés, viveros, variedades multiclonales, sensibilidad. INTRODUCCIÓN décadas, tanto en Europa como en otros países, desde viveros a poblaciones foresta- El hongo Deuteromiceto Melanconial les, sin excluir hileras de protección o ejem- Seiridum cardinale (Wag.) Sutt. et Gibs. plares ornamentales de las plantas huésped. (1972), descrito por WAGENER (1939) A dicha alteración parecen resultar sen- como Coryneum cardinale y posteriormen- sibles no sólo todas las especies del género te considerado teleomorfo de Leptosphae- Cupressus, cualesquiera que sea su proce- ria sp. (HANSEN, 1956), origina el cáncer dencia, sino también muchas otras Cupre- del ciprés, enfermedad que debido a su gra- sáceas, tales como Chamaecyparis, Crypto- vedad y a la facilidad de expansión del pa- merira, Cupressocyparis. Juniperus, Thuja tógeno, viene destruyendo en las últimas e híbridos de estos géneros (GRANITI, 1986), no disponiéndose todavía de medios Así, la presencia de 5. cardinale en Por- de control suficientemente efectivos. tugal (CAETANO, 1980) parece haber sido Al principio el hongo fue considerado confundida con la de S. unicorne (GRANI- por WAGENER como Hongo Imperfecto, TI, 1986). De igual modo las pérdidas de ci- que incluyó dentro del grupo Melanconia- preses atribuidas a este hongo en Africa les. Más tarde, HASEN al descubrir su for- Oriental y otras partes, según dicho autor, ma sexuada, lo relacionó con el género As- parecen deberse en cambio a L. cupressi, comicetal Leptosphaeria. lo que también ha sucedido recientemente De igual modo la enfermedad ha sufrido en Grecia (XENOPOULOS, 1984). diversas visicitudes. Así, al inicio fue con- Es necesario a su vez considerar que siderada entre otros aspectos como conse- L. cupressi hasta el momento parece única- cuencia de desórdenes fisiológicos debidos mente presentarse en Cupresáceas, inclu- a anomalías climáticas que aparecían espe- yendo varias especies de Cupressus, Cu- cialmente sobre el tronco. pressocyparís, Chamaecyparis y Juniperus, comprendiendo su distribución geográfica el Este y Sur de Africa, Japón, Australia, DISTRIBUCIÓN DE LA ENFERMEDAD Nueva Zelanda y Grecia. Relativo a S. unicorne, descrito en Identificada primeramente en California EEUU en 1978, ha sido identificado en por WAGENER (1928), lo ha sido posterior- Norteamérica, Europa, Asia y Oceania, pa- mente en Europa, en Francia por BARTHE- rasitando a parte de Cupresáceas, ocho fa- LET y VINOT (1944) y LANIER (1963), en milias por el momento, si bien parece me- Italia por GRASSO (1951). Igualmente nos patógena que las dos especies anterior- S. cardinale fue señalado en Nueva Zelan- mente citadas. da por BlRCH (1933). Así pues, si bien en Europa S. cardinale Asimismo en el transcurso de los años, origina la enfermedad más grave del ciprés han sido otras muchas las notificaciones con enorme difusión, el panorama podría realizadas sobre la presencia del hongo ser empeorado considerablemente al ser (Gran Bretaña, Grecia, Irlanda, Portugal, detectada la presencia de L. cupressi (como España, URSS, Yugoslavia). A estas citas S. unicorne) en Grecia (XENOPOULOS, hay que añadir otras efectuadas en Argen- 1984). tina, Norte y Sur de Africa y Australia Por último, hay que tener en cuenta (SUTTON y GIBSON, 1972; GRASSO y PON- igualmente que existen otros hongos pató- CHET, 1979). genos que producen también cáncer en es- No obstante, en muchos casos se han pro- pecies de Cupressus y otras Coniferas (WA- ducido confusiones en su identificación, de- GENER, 1964; GRANITI, 1979), tales como bido a que existen otras dos especies con Botryosphaeria obtusa (Schwein.) Shoem., un estado conidial en el género Seiridium, Sphaeropsis sapinea (Fr.) Diko y Sutton y Lepteutypa cupressi (Natrass et al.) SWART, Nectria haematococca Berk, y Br., las cua- 1973 y 5. unicorne (COOKE y ELL.) SUT- les como mínimo se han observado asocia- TON, 1975 (de la que L. cupressi es anamor- das con las alteraciones señaladas (GRANI- fa), de aspecto semejante y que originan en TI, 1986). huéspedes comunes alteraciones parecidas. En España, la enfermedad fue en un Así se ha podido observar, que los sínto- principio señalada por TORRES (1969) en la mas producidos por L. cupressi son simila- región de Madrid. Más tarde se pensó que res a los causados por 5. cardinale en los estaba restringida a regiones centrales de la mismos huéspedes y por otra parte, que los península (TUSET, 1979). En 1980, MUÑOZ causados por S. unicorne no vienen sufi- y RUPÉREZ realizaron un estudio integral cientemente precisados en la bibliografía de los principales factores bióticos, abióti- (GRANITI, 1986). cos y medios de control, que inciden en el deterioro y reducción de la planta huésped ácaros como Trisetacus pini cupressi Andre en nuestro país, resaltando la posibilidad de y los citados escolítidos P. aubei especial- que aparezcan nuevas razas de S. cardinale mente y en segundo lugar P. thujae. Vec- con mayor agresividad y virulencia. Asimis- tores citados anteriormente por MUÑOZ y mo VARES MEGINO desde 1975 se interesa RUPÉREZ (1980). por este desequilibrio al iniciar aislamien- tos del patógeno. Por otra parte, hay que tener en cuenta Durante los últimos años se han realiza- que el hongo resiste temperaturas muy ba- do muéstreos en provincias de varias auto- jas, dependiendo en gran parte su expan- nomías españolas, y aunque parecen existir sión del régimen de lluvias. Durante los pe- focos aislados en diversas zonas de las mis- ríodos húmedos la esporulación es alta, mas, al parecer predomina la enfermedad, contribuyendo a aumentar la densidad de dada la frecuencia con que ha sido aislado inoculo en el medio los árboles enfermos y el patógeno, en Navarra y la Meseta Cen- demás restos infectados. La enfermedad tral. viene así diseminada mediante las esporas o los trozos de acérvulos dispersados por la Lo que sí se ha podido apreciar claramen- lluvia y luego por el viento. te es que se ha propagado considerable- mente en los últimos 15 años. De igual modo hay que tener en cuenta, Pestalottia (Pestalozzia) funérea Desm., que el patógeno es capaz de infectar la plan- de interés fitopatológico secundario, se ha ta durante todo el año (WAGENER, 1939; observado con frecuencia en la Región Ca- MAGNANI, 1966; MORIONDO, 1972) y que talana y en la Meseta Central. invade muy pronto los conos y semillas de ciprés (Fig. la, b), por lo que es de sumo interés inhibir la enorme transmisión que representa la semilla (MOTTA y SAPONA- DISPERSION RO, 1983; MOTTA, 1984, 1986). No obstante, la diseminación puede ha- La difusión de la enfermedad parecen lle- ber sido facilitada por la importación desde varla a cabo especialmente insectos perfo- otros países vecinos del Mediterráneo de radores de la corteza de los árboles y pája- semillas infectadas, o por el transporte en ros. Así, es sabido que la diseminación es el interior del país, de estos u otros elemen- favorecida por vectores, tales como escolíti- tos vegetativos de propagación tales como dos (COVASSI etal, 1975; INTINI y PANCO- plantones, igualmente infectados. NESI, 1976). Phloeosinus aubei (Perr.) y P. thujae (Perr.) (COVASSI et ai, 1975), En España como invasor secundario ha han sido observados en alto número de Cu- sido encontrado frecuentemente P. funérea presáceas (ZOCCHI, 1956). Al parecer Desm., de interés fitopatológico secunda- P. aubei es un vector activo de esporas e hi- rio. Inversamente, L. cupressi y S. unicor- fas, que merodea por los árboles muertos o ne, no han sido observados en las muestras decadentes y se alimenta de cortezas sanas. recogidas en el transcurso de este trabajo. Otros insectos que se han observado aso- P. funérea es un hongo Melanconial fre- ciados con la enfermedad y que en conse- cuente en plantas debilitadas, en las que cuencia también contribuyen a su disper- emergen acérvulos de la superficie de los sión, son Lespeyresia cupressana Kearf. órganos afectados de un diámetro de 250 ¡x (FRANKI y PALMENTER, 1972) y Cinara cu- aproximadamente. Los conidios son fusoi- pressi Buck. (LuiSl y TRIGGIANI, 1977). dales y miden cerca de 22 x 5 \i, estando En España se ha observado la presencia formados por 5 células, las 3 centrales os- en plantas enfermas de algunos áfidos como curas y la de cada extremo hialina.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Seiridium Cardinale on Juniperus Species in Greece
    For. Path. 37 (2007) 338–347 doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0329.2007.00510.x Ó 2007 The Authors Journal compilation Ó 2007 Blackwell Verlag, Berlin Seiridium cardinale on Juniperus species in Greece By P. Tsopelas1, I. Barnes2, M. J. Wingfield2 and S. Xenopoulos1 1NAGREF-Institute of Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems, Terma Alkmanos, 115 28 Athens, Greece. E-mail: [email protected]; 2Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa Summary Seiridium cardinale, the cause of cypress canker disease, was found on Juniperus foetidissima, J. excelsa, J. oxycedrus and J. phoenicea, in a number of natural juniper woodlands in Greece. The presence of infections was sporadic in most cases, with a limited number of plants affected by the pathogen. At one locality in the Prespes Lakes region of northern Greece, however, the incidence of infection was very high, especially on J. foetidissima and J. excelsa. The identity of S. cardinale was confirmed using morphological characters and comparisons of DNA sequences for the b-tubulin gene region. The pathogenicity of S. cardinale isolates from Juniperus and Cupressus was verified in cross-inoculation trials on both potted and field grown plants. 1 Introduction The fungus Seiridium cardinale (Wag.) Sutton & Gibson causes a serious canker disease on cypress trees and other members of the Cupressaceae. It was originally reported in California on Monterey cypress (Cupressus macrocarpa Hartweg.; Wagener 1928) and it is believed that the disease was spread from North America to many other areas of the world. The fungus has been found in South America, South Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia and New Zealand (Grasso and Ponchet 1979; Graniti 1998).
    [Show full text]
  • Diseases of Trees in the Great Plains
    United States Department of Agriculture Diseases of Trees in the Great Plains Forest Rocky Mountain General Technical Service Research Station Report RMRS-GTR-335 November 2016 Bergdahl, Aaron D.; Hill, Alison, tech. coords. 2016. Diseases of trees in the Great Plains. Gen. Tech. Rep. RMRS-GTR-335. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 229 p. Abstract Hosts, distribution, symptoms and signs, disease cycle, and management strategies are described for 84 hardwood and 32 conifer diseases in 56 chapters. Color illustrations are provided to aid in accurate diagnosis. A glossary of technical terms and indexes to hosts and pathogens also are included. Keywords: Tree diseases, forest pathology, Great Plains, forest and tree health, windbreaks. Cover photos by: James A. Walla (top left), Laurie J. Stepanek (top right), David Leatherman (middle left), Aaron D. Bergdahl (middle right), James T. Blodgett (bottom left) and Laurie J. Stepanek (bottom right). To learn more about RMRS publications or search our online titles: www.fs.fed.us/rm/publications www.treesearch.fs.fed.us/ Background This technical report provides a guide to assist arborists, landowners, woody plant pest management specialists, foresters, and plant pathologists in the diagnosis and control of tree diseases encountered in the Great Plains. It contains 56 chapters on tree diseases prepared by 27 authors, and emphasizes disease situations as observed in the 10 states of the Great Plains: Colorado, Kansas, Montana, Nebraska, New Mexico, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming. The need for an updated tree disease guide for the Great Plains has been recog- nized for some time and an account of the history of this publication is provided here.
    [Show full text]
  • Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
    Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Forest Health & Biosecurity Working Papers OVERVIEW OF FOREST PESTS KENYA January 2007 Forest Resources Development Service Working Paper FBS/20E Forest Management Division FAO, Rome, Italy Forestry Department DISCLAIMER The aim of this document is to give an overview of the forest pest1 situation in Kenya. It is not intended to be a comprehensive review. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. © FAO 2007 1 Pest: Any species, strain or biotype of plant, animal or pathogenic agent injurious to plants or plant products (FAO, 2004). Overview of forest pests - Kenya TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction..................................................................................................................... 1 Forest pests...................................................................................................................... 1 Naturally regenerating forests..................................................................................... 1 Insects ..................................................................................................................... 1 Diseases..................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • (Sporocadaceae): an Important Genus of Plant Pathogenic Fungi
    Persoonia 40, 2018: 96–118 ISSN (Online) 1878-9080 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2018.40.04 Seiridium (Sporocadaceae): an important genus of plant pathogenic fungi G. Bonthond1, M. Sandoval-Denis1,2, J.Z. Groenewald1, P.W. Crous1,3,4 Key words Abstract The genus Seiridium includes multiple plant pathogenic fungi well-known as causal organisms of cankers on Cupressaceae. Taxonomically, the status of several species has been a topic of debate, as the phylogeny of the appendage-bearing conidia genus remains unresolved and authentic ex-type cultures are mostly absent. In the present study, a large collec- canker pathogen tion of Seiridium cultures and specimens from the CBS and IMI collections was investigated morphologically and Cupressus phylogenetically to resolve the taxonomy of the genus. These investigations included the type material of the most pestalotioid fungi important Cupressaceae pathogens, Seiridium cardinale, S. cupressi and S. unicorne. We constructed a phylogeny systematics of Seiridium based on four loci, namely the ITS rDNA region, and partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (TEF), β-tubulin (TUB) and RNA polymerase II core subunit (RPB2). Based on these results we were able to confirm that S. unicorne and S. cupressi represent different species. In addition, five new Seiridium species were described, S. cupressi was lectotypified and epitypes were selected for S. cupressi and S. eucalypti. Article info Received: 24 August 2017; Accepted: 2 November 2017; Published: 9 January 2018. INTRODUCTION cardinale is the most aggressive and was first identified in California, from where the disease has since spread to other The genus Seiridium (Sordariomycetes, Xylariales, Sporoca­ continents.
    [Show full text]
  • <I>Acrocordiella</I>
    Persoonia 37, 2016: 82–105 www.ingentaconnect.com/content/nhn/pimj RESEARCH ARTICLE http://dx.doi.org/10.3767/003158516X690475 Resolution of morphology-based taxonomic delusions: Acrocordiella, Basiseptospora, Blogiascospora, Clypeosphaeria, Hymenopleella, Lepteutypa, Pseudapiospora, Requienella, Seiridium and Strickeria W.M. Jaklitsch1,2, A. Gardiennet3, H. Voglmayr2 Key words Abstract Fresh material, type studies and molecular phylogeny were used to clarify phylogenetic relationships of the nine genera Acrocordiella, Blogiascospora, Clypeosphaeria, Hymenopleella, Lepteutypa, Pseudapiospora, Ascomycota Requienella, Seiridium and Strickeria. At first sight, some of these genera do not seem to have much in com- Dothideomycetes mon, but all were found to belong to the Xylariales, based on their generic types. Thus, the most peculiar finding new genus is the phylogenetic affinity of the genera Acrocordiella, Requienella and Strickeria, which had been classified in phylogenetic analysis the Dothideomycetes or Eurotiomycetes, to the Xylariales. Acrocordiella and Requienella are closely related but pyrenomycetes distinct genera of the Requienellaceae. Although their ascospores are similar to those of Lepteutypa, phylogenetic Pyrenulales analyses do not reveal a particularly close relationship. The generic type of Lepteutypa, L. fuckelii, belongs to the Sordariomycetes Amphisphaeriaceae. Lepteutypa sambuci is newly described. Hymenopleella is recognised as phylogenetically Xylariales distinct from Lepteutypa, and Hymenopleella hippophaëicola is proposed as new name for its generic type, Spha­ eria (= Lepteutypa) hippophaës. Clypeosphaeria uniseptata is combined in Lepteutypa. No asexual morphs have been detected in species of Lepteutypa. Pseudomassaria fallax, unrelated to the generic type, P. chondrospora, is transferred to the new genus Basiseptospora, the genus Pseudapiospora is revived for P. corni, and Pseudomas­ saria carolinensis is combined in Beltraniella (Beltraniaceae).
    [Show full text]
  • WRA Species Report
    Family: Cupressaceae Taxon: Cupressus sempervirens Synonym: Cupressus horizontalis Mill. Common Name: Italian cypress Cupressus sempervirens var. horizontalis (Mil Mediterranean cypress Cupressus sempervirens var. stricta Aiton Questionaire : current 20090513 Assessor: Patti Clifford Designation: H(HPWRA) Status: Assessor Approved Data Entry Person: Patti Clifford WRA Score 9 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? y=1, n=-1 103 Does the species have weedy races? y=1, n=-1 201 Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If island is primarily wet habitat, then (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High substitute "wet tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" high) (See Appendix 2) 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2- High high) (See Appendix 2) 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 y 204 Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or subtropical climates y=1, n=0 y 205 Does the species have a history of repeated introductions outside its natural range? y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 y 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2), n= question 205 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see n Appendix 2) 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see y Appendix 2) 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic y=1, n=0 403 Parasitic
    [Show full text]
  • Epidemiological History of Cypress Canker Disease in Source and Invasion Sites
    Review Epidemiological History of Cypress Canker Disease in Source and Invasion Sites Roberto Danti and Gianni Della Rocca * Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection, National Research Council, Via Madonna del Piano 10, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence 50019, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +39‐055‐522‐5663 Academic Editor: Matteo Garbelotto Received: 27 February 2017; Accepted: 12 April 2017; Published: 15 April 2017 Abstract: Seiridium cardinale is a fungal pathogen responsible for pandemic cypress canker disease (CCD). The fungus has shown the ability to infect different hosts in many areas throughout the globe, but its spread and impact were favored by conducive environmental conditions. The most severe epidemics were reported in California and the Mediterranean, the former considered the source area of the pathogen from which the Mediterranean infestation have originated. Here we reconstruct the epidemiological history of the disease in California and the Mediterranean. Evolution of the disease in the two contrasting areas was weighed in relation to differences between the two environments in terms of climate, landscape properties, and adopted management practices. In addition, differences emerged among the source and invasive populations in terms of genetic and phenotypic variability, structure, and mode of reproduction allow a few comments to be made about the environmental implications and related quarantine of new introductory events. Keywords: Seiridium cardinale; fungal pathogen; Cupressus; alien species; landscape properties; population genetic; phenotypic traits; disease management; resistance 1. Introduction The introduction of alien species ranks second only to habitat destruction as one of the major threats to native ecosystems [1,2].
    [Show full text]
  • Discovered and Re- Evaluation of Pleurophragmium
    Fungal Diversity Teleomorph of Rhodoveronaea (Sordariomycetidae) discovered and re- evaluation of Pleurophragmium 1* Martina Réblová 1Department of Plant Taxonomy, Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences, CZ-252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic Réblová, M. (2009). Teleomorph of Rhodoveronaea (Sordariomycetidae) discovered and re-evolution of Pleurophragmium. Fungal Diversity 36: 129-139. An undescribed teleomorph was discovered for Rhodoveronaea (Sordariomycetidae), a previously known anamorph genus with the single species R. varioseptata characterized by pigmented, septate conidia and holoblastic-denticulate conidiogenesis. The teleomorph is a lignicolous perithecial ascomycete with nonstromatic, dark perithecia, consisting of a globose immersed venter and stout conical emerging neck; cylindrical long-stipitate asci, nonamyloid apical annulus and fusiform, septate, hyaline ascospores. The fertile conidiophores of R. varioseptata were associated with the perithecia on the natural substratum and they were also obtained in vitro. Because no teleomorph was designated in the protologue of Rhodoveronaea, the new Article 59.7 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature is applied in this case and Rhodoveronaea is expanded to holomorphic application by teleomorphic epitypification of the type species R. varioseptata. The name R. varioseptata is fully adopted for the discovered teleomorph. On the basis of detailed morphology, cultivation studies and phylogenetic analyses of ncLSU rDNA sequences, Rhodoveronaea is segregated from the morphologically similar genera Lentomitella and Ceratosphaeria; its relationship with Ceratosphaeria fragilis and C. rhenana is discussed. The relationship of Rhodoveronaea with the morphologically similar Dactylaria parvispora is investigated using morphological features and molecular sequence data. Phylogenetic findings based on ncLSU rDNA sequence data indicate that Dactylaria is polyphyletic. The genus Pleurophragmium is excluded from the synonymy of Dactylaria and is re-evaluated for P.
    [Show full text]
  • Emarcea Castanopsidicola Gen. Et Sp. Nov. from Thailand, a New Xylariaceous Taxon Based on Morphology and DNA Sequences
    STUDIES IN MYCOLOGY 50: 253–260. 2004. Emarcea castanopsidicola gen. et sp. nov. from Thailand, a new xylariaceous taxon based on morphology and DNA sequences Lam. M. Duong2,3, Saisamorn Lumyong3, Kevin D. Hyde1,2 and Rajesh Jeewon1* 1Centre for Research in Fungal Diversity, Department of Ecology & Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, SAR China; 2Mushroom Research Centre, 128 Mo3 Ban Phadeng, PaPae, Maetaeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand 3Department of Biology, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand *Correspondence: Rajesh Jeewon, [email protected] Abstract: We describe a unique ascomycete genus occurring on leaf litter of Castanopsis diversifolia from monsoonal forests of northern Thailand. Emarcea castanopsidicola gen. et sp. nov. is typical of Xylariales as ascomata develop beneath a blackened clypeus, ostioles are papillate and asci are unitunicate with a J+ subapical ring. The ascospores in Emarcea cas- tanopsidicola are, however, 1-septate, hyaline and long fusiform, which distinguishes it from other genera in the Xylariaceae. In order to substantiate these morphological findings, we analysed three sets of sequence data generated from ribosomal DNA gene (18S, 28S and ITS) under different optimality criteria. We analysed this data to provide further information on the phylogeny and taxonomic position of this new taxon. All phylogenies were essentially similar and there is conclusive mo- lecular evidence to support the establishment of Emarcea castanopsidicola within the Xylariales. Results indicate that this taxon bears close phylogenetic affinities to Muscodor (anamorphic Xylariaceae) and Xylaria species and therefore this genus is best accommodated in the Xylariaceae. Taxonomic novelties: Emarcea Duong, R. Jeewon & K.D.
    [Show full text]
  • Pacific Northwest Fungi
    North American Fungi Volume 8, Number 10, Pages 1-13 Published June 19, 2013 Vialaea insculpta revisited R.A. Shoemaker, S. Hambleton, M. Liu Biodiversity (Mycology and Botany) / Biodiversité (Mycologie et Botanique) Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada / Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada 960 Carling Avenue / 960, avenue Carling, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6 Canada Shoemaker, R.A., S. Hambleton, and M. Liu. 2013. Vialaea insculpta revisited. North American Fungi 8(10): 1-13. doi: http://dx.doi: 10.2509/naf2013.008.010 Corresponding author: R.A. Shoemaker: [email protected]. Accepted for publication May 23, 2013 http://pnwfungi.org Copyright © Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada, as represented by the Minister of Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Abstract: Vialaea insculpta, occurring on Ilex aquifolium, is illustrated and redescribed from nature and pure culture to assess morphological features used in its classification and to report new molecular studies of the Vialaeaceae and its ordinal disposition. Tests of the germination of the distinctive ascospores in water containing parts of Ilex flowers after seven days resulted in the production of appressoria without mycelium. Phylogenetic analyses based on a fragment of ribosomal RNA gene small subunit suggest that the taxon belongs in Xylariales. Key words: Valsaceae and Vialaeaceae, (Diaporthales), Diatrypaceae (Diatrypales), Amphisphaeriaceae and Hyphonectriaceae (Xylariales), Ilex, endophyte. 2 Shoemaker et al. Vialaea inscupta. North American Fungi 8(10): 1-13 Introduction: Vialaea insculpta (Fr.) Sacc. is on oatmeal agar at 20°C exposed to daylight. a distinctive species occurring on branches of Isolation attempts from several other collections Ilex aquifolium L. Oudemans (1871, tab.
    [Show full text]
  • Xylariales, Ascomycota), Designation of an Epitype for the Type Species of Iodosphaeria, I
    VOLUME 8 DECEMBER 2021 Fungal Systematics and Evolution PAGES 49–64 doi.org/10.3114/fuse.2021.08.05 Phylogenetic placement of Iodosphaeriaceae (Xylariales, Ascomycota), designation of an epitype for the type species of Iodosphaeria, I. phyllophila, and description of I. foliicola sp. nov. A.N. Miller1*, M. Réblová2 1Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, USA 2Czech Academy of Sciences, Institute of Botany, 252 43 Průhonice, Czech Republic *Corresponding author: [email protected] Key words: Abstract: The Iodosphaeriaceae is represented by the single genus, Iodosphaeria, which is composed of nine species with 1 new taxon superficial, black, globose ascomata covered with long, flexuous, brown hairs projecting from the ascomata in a stellate epitypification fashion, unitunicate asci with an amyloid apical ring or ring lacking and ellipsoidal, ellipsoidal-fusiform or allantoid, hyaline, phylogeny aseptate ascospores. Members of Iodosphaeria are infrequently found worldwide as saprobes on various hosts and a wide systematics range of substrates. Only three species have been sequenced and included in phylogenetic analyses, but the type species, taxonomy I. phyllophila, lacks sequence data. In order to stabilize the placement of the genus and family, an epitype for the type species was designated after obtaining ITS sequence data and conducting maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses. Iodosphaeria foliicola occurring on overwintered Alnus sp. leaves is described as new. Five species in the genus form a well-supported monophyletic group, sister to thePseudosporidesmiaceae in the Xylariales. Selenosporella-like and/or ceratosporium-like synasexual morphs were experimentally verified or found associated with ascomata of seven of the nine accepted species in the genus.
    [Show full text]
  • AR TICLE Recommendations for Competing Sexual-Asexually Typified
    IMA FUNGUS · 7(1): 131–153 (2016) doi:10.5598/imafungus.2016.07.01.08 Recommendations for competing sexual-asexually typified generic names in ARTICLE Sordariomycetes (except Diaporthales, Hypocreales, and Magnaporthales) Martina Réblová1, Andrew N. Miller2, Amy Y. Rossman3*, Keith A. Seifert4, Pedro W. Crous5, David L. Hawksworth6,7,8, Mohamed A. Abdel-Wahab9, Paul F. Cannon8, Dinushani A. Daranagama10, Z. Wilhelm De Beer11, Shi-Ke Huang10, Kevin D. Hyde10, Ruvvishika Jayawardena10, Walter Jaklitsch12,13, E. B. Gareth Jones14, Yu-Ming Ju15, Caroline Judith16, Sajeewa S. N. Maharachchikumbura17, Ka-Lai Pang18, Liliane E. Petrini19, Huzefa A. Raja20, Andrea I Romero21, Carol Shearer2, Indunil C. Senanayake10, Hermann Voglmayr13, Bevan S. Weir22, and Nalin N. Wijayawarden10 1Department of Taxonomy, Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Průhonice 252 43, Czech Republic 2Illinois Natural History Survey, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois 61820, USA 3Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, USA; *corresponding author e-mail: amydianer@ yahoo.com 4Ottawa Research and Development Centre, Biodiversity (Mycology and Microbiology), Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6 Canada 5CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands 6Departamento de Biología Vegetal II, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain 7Department of Life Sciences,
    [Show full text]