Welcome to the electronic edition of Behind the Scenes: The politics of planning Adelaide. The book opens with the bookmark panel and you will see the contents page. Click on this anytime to return to the contents. You can also add your own bookmarks. Each chapter heading in the contents table is clickable and will take you direct to the chapter. Return using the contents link in the bookmarks. The whole document is fully searchable. Enjoy. Michael Llewellyn-Smith Dr Michael Llewellyn-Smith was born and brought up in Wales and then educated at Alleyn’s School, Dulwich. He won a Rhodes Travel Scholarship to Canada before reading Architecture at Cambridge University under Professor Sir Leslie Martin. Michael worked as an architect in the private sector in London and Melbourne before teaching architecture at Sydney University where he also completed a Master’s Degree in city planning. After working as a consultant on the City of Sydney Strategic Plan 1971 he became the Chief Planning Officer and subsequently the Deputy City Planner of Sydney. In 1974 Michael was appointed as the City Planner of Adelaide and from 1977 until 1981 he was also a Commissioner of the City of Adelaide Planning Commission. Michael served as the Town Clerk/Chief Executive Officer of the City of Adelaide from 1982 until 1994 when he became the Managing Director of Llewellyns International, an urban management consulting company. He worked in Poland, Sri Lanka and South Africa and throughout Australia, particularly for the City of Prospect. The State Government appointed Michael as the Presiding Member of the Development Assessment Commission in 1999 and he served in this position until 2007 when he became a full-time candidate for a PhD in the School of Architecture, Landscape Architecture and Urban Design at the University of Adelaide. The degree was awarded in December 2010. Michael was elected as an Area Councillor of the City of Adelaide in November 2010 for a four-year term. He is a member of the joint City/State Capital City Committee and the Chair of Council’s City Planning and Development Committee. Dr Llewellyn-Smith is a Life Member of Local Government Managers Australia and a Life Fellow of both the Australian Institute of Architects and the Planning Institute Australia. He is a Visiting Research Fellow in the School of Architecture, Landscape Architecture and Urban Design at the University of Adelaide. BEHIND THE SCENES The politics of planning Adelaide Michael Llewellyn-Smith Visiting Research Fellow in the School of Architecture, Landscape Architecture and Urban Design, the University of Adelaide Published in Adelaide by University of Adelaide Press The University of Adelaide Level 1, 230 North Terrace South Australia 5005 [email protected] www.adelaide.edu.au/press The University of Adelaide Press publishes externally refereed scholarly books by staff of the University of Adelaide. It aims to maximise the accessibility to its best research by publishing works through the internet as free downloads and as high quality printed volumes on demand. Electronic Index: This book is available from the website as a downloadable PDF with fully searchable text. © 2012 Michael Llewellyn-Smith This book is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of private study, research, criticism or review as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth), no part may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission. Address all inquiries to the Director at the above address. For the full Cataloguing-in-Publication data please contact the National Library of Australia: [email protected] ISBN (paperback) 978–1–922064–40–0 ISBN (ebook) 978–1–922064–41–7 Project Editor: Patrick Allington Cover design: Emma Spoehr Cover image: Ross Bateup Inside cover images courtesy of: Adelaide City Council: Heidi Linehan, heidiwho.com Book design: Zoë Stokes Paperback printed by Griffin Press, South Australia Contents List of Figures and Tables vii Abbreviations xii Acknowledgements xv Foreword xvi Introduction 1 1 The background to the founding of Adelaide and South 11 Australia in 1836 2 The development of the City and State from 1840 until 39 1950 and the City/State relationship during this period 3 Changing attitudes to planning the City and State from 67 1950 until 1972 4 The establishment of the City of Adelaide Development 103 Committee and the introduction of Interim Development Control 5 Planning in Sydney and the work of George Clarke 133 6 The City of Adelaide Planning Study 155 7 Converting the City of Adelaide Planning Study into a 197 City Plan 8 An innovative system of city planning from 1 March 207 1977 9 Changes in the ACC and the State, and the first 223 Heritage Study of the City vi Behind the Scenes 10 The operation of the City’s planning system from 243 November 1982 until May 1987 11 The Condous Lord Mayoralty and the declining 285 importance of the City of Adelaide Planning Commission 12 The State Planning Review, the last City Plan and the 309 end of the City’s separate system Conclusion 333 Appendix 1 Key People of Influence identified as potential 345 interviewees Appendix 2 Heritage Summary Assessment Sheet 351 Bibliography 353 Index 373 List of Figures and Tables Figure 1 Map of the present City of Adelaide 4 Source: Gregory’s Adelaide Street Directory, 2009, p.15 Figure 2 South Australia in context of Australia 13 Source: Second Report of Colonisation in South Australia 1838 Figure 3 Preamble to the South Australia Colonisation Act 1834 14 Source: State Records Office, Leigh Street, Adelaide Figure 4 Kangaroo Island, Rapid Bay and Holdfast Bay 18 Source: Author’s Arrowsmith map of South Australia 1839 Figure 5 Light’s original concept 20 Source: State Library of South Australia Figure 6 Light’s Plan for the City of Adelaide 22 Source: From the map held in the Colonel Light Room, Adelaide Town Hall Figure 7 Pietro Cataneo’s Plan for the ideal city with a central 23 square and surrounding smaller squares Source: Brown University Library, Ideal City Plans, 1960 Figure 8 Penn’s Plan of Philadelphia 25 Source: Published in Thomas Holme’s Portraiture of the City of Philadelphia in 1683 Figure 9 Light’s respect for the topography 27 Source: Department of City Planning, Adelaide City Council 1974 viii Behind the Scenes Figure 10 Light’s layout of the Country Sections outside the City 31 The original 1839 Arrowsmith map is entitled ‘The District of Adelaide, South Australia as divided into Country Sections from the trigonometrical survey of Colonel Light’. Source: Appendix to Report from Select Committee on South Australia No. 2, 1839 Figure 11 ‘Light’s Vision’ 36 Source : the author Figure 12 The Adelaide Club when constructed on North Terrace in 45 1863 Source: Secretary, The Adelaide Club, 2008 Figure 13 The three magnets of Howard 50 Source: Tomorrow: a peaceful path to real reform (Howard, 1898) Figure 14 Reade’s proposal for an outer belt of Park Lands 54 Source: Official Volume of Proceedings of the First Town Planning Conference, Adelaide, 1917 Figure 15 Veale’s plan for a new north-south road on the eastern side 64 of the City Source: Adelaide City Archives with names added by the author Figure 16 Le Corbusier’s City of Towers 68 Source: Towards a new Architecture, Le Corbusier 1923, p.55 Figure 17 Tower blocks and motorways in Cumbernauld New Town 69 Source: Obtained from the Cumbernauld Development Corporation by the author in 1969. Michael Llewellyn-Smith ix Figure 18 Zoning for the City with all of south Adelaide zoned 78 commercial Source: Government of South Australia 1962 Figure 19 MATS plan for the City of Adelaide 83 Source: Metropolitan Adelaide Transport Study, p.14.1 Figure 20 Madigan’s study area and Bubb’s area for high rise housing 91 Source: Base map provided by the ACC with the study areas added by the author Figure 21 Proposed Stock Exchange Plaza 94 Source: City of Adelaide Planning Report No.10, July 1969 Figure 22 The demountable Rundle Mall Car Park 126 Source : the author Figure 23 The boundaries of the City of Sydney in 1971 136 Source: The City of Sydney Strategic Plan 1971, p.29 Figure 24 The Four Objectives of the City of Sydney Strategic Plan 142 1971 Source: The City of Sydney Strategic Plan 1971, p.69 Figure 25 City of Sydney Structure 144 Source: City of Sydney Strategic Plan 1971, p.79 Figure 26 City of Adelaide Planning Centre 168 Source : the author Figure 27 Implementation Program 176 Source: Clarke & Urban Systems Corporation, 1974, Concept Diagram 19, p.148 Figure 28 Cover of the City of Adelaide Planning Study 177 Source: Clarke & Urban Systems Corporation, 1974 Figure 29 The author’s roles from 1974 until 1993 179 Source : the author x Behind the Scenes Figure 30 The City Precinct Structure 208 Source: Corporation of the City of Adelaide 1977, p.36 Figure 31 Ruthven Mansions after restoration 218 Source : the author Figure 32 Relocated façade of the Marine and Harbours’ Building 221 Source : the author Figure 33 The new northern wall of the restored Old Methodist 222 Meeting Hall Source : the author Figure 34 Zone X, no on-site parking 234 Source: City of Adelaide Plan 1976–81, p.40 Figure 35 Aurora Hotel, Hindmarsh Square, before demolition 266 Source: Adelaide City Archives Figure 36 The City’s Planning System 1986 280 Source: Adelaide City Archives. Acquisition 2915, Item 3, p.5 Figure 37 Urban Design Guidelines 288 Source: Adelaide City Archives, ACC 1988 Figure