DOCSLIB.ORG

University of Copenhagen

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
University of Copenhagen Organ system development in recent lecithotrophic brachiopod larvae Altenburger, Andreas; Martinez, Pedro; Wanninger, Andreas Wilhelm Georg Published in: Geological Society of Australia. Abstracts Series Publication date: 2010 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Citation for published version (APA): Altenburger, A., Martinez, P., & Wanninger, A. W. G. (2010). Organ system development in recent lecithotrophic brachiopod larvae. Geological Society of Australia. Abstracts Series, 3-3. http://www.deakin.edu.au/conferences/ibc/spaw2/uploads/files/6IBC_Program%20&%20Abstracts%20volume.p df Download date: 28. sep.. 2021 Geological Society of Australia ABSTRACTS Number 95 6th International Brachiopod Congress Melbourne, Australia 1-5 February 2010 Geological Society of Australia, Abstracts No. 95 6th International Brachiopod Congress, Melbourne, Australia, February 2010 Geological Society of Australia, Abstracts No. 95 6th International Brachiopod Congress, Melbourne, Australia, February 2010 Geological Society of Australia Abstracts Number 95 6th International Brachiopod Congress, Melbourne, Australia, 1‐5 February 2010 Editors: Guang R. Shi, Ian G. Percival, Roger R. Pierson & Elizabeth A. Weldon ISSN 0729 011X © Geological Society of Australia Incorporated 2010 Recommended citation for this volume: Shi, G.R., Percival, I.G., Pierson, R.R. & Weldon, E.A. (editors). Program & Abstracts, 6th International Brachiopod Congress, 1‐5 February 2010, Melbourne, Australia. Geological Society of Australia Abstracts No. 95. Example citation for papers in this volume: Weldon, E.A. & Shi, G.R., 2010. Brachiopods from the Broughton Formation: useful taxa for the provincial and global correlations of the Guadalupian of the southern Sydney Basin, eastern Australia. In: Program & Abstracts, 6th International Brachiopod Congress, 1‐5 February 2010, Melbourne, Australia; Geological Society of Australia Abstracts 95, 122. Copies of this publication may be obtained from: Geological Society of Australia Suite 61, 104 Bathurst St Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia or online at: www.shop.gsa.org.au Congress logo design: Ms D. Zhong and Dr. Z.Q. Chen Printed by: Deakin University, Melbourne Campus, Burwood, Victoria 3125, Australia Geological Society of Australia, Abstracts No. 95 6th International Brachiopod Congress, Melbourne, Australia, February 2010 TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………i Congress Sponsors and Organising Committee ………………………………………………………………ii General Information ……………………………………………………………………………………………………..iii Congress Program ……………………………………………………………………………………………………….viii List of Posters ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………xiv Abstracts …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………1‐127 Author Index ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………128 Geological Society of Australia, Abstracts No. 95 6th International Brachiopod Congress, Melbourne, Australia, February 2010 Geological Society of Australia, Abstracts No. 95 6th International Brachiopod Congress, Melbourne, Australia, February 2010 PREFACE Welcome to the 6th International Brachiopod Congress (6IBC) being held at the Holmesglen Conference Centre from 1‐5 February, 2010, in Melbourne, Australia. With over 90 scientists from around the world attending the congress, we are able to offer an exciting program including six special symposia each named after a distinguished brachiopodologist and one open session, six associated field trips, as well as an ice breaker and a congress dinner. A total of 119 abstracts, submitted by 169 authors from 30 different nations, have been received and are included in this volume. The contributions highlight new and exciting discoveries, as well as theoretical and methodological advances that have taken place in the field of brachiopodology since the last International Brachiopod Congress held in Copenhagen in 2005. The abstracts for oral presentations are grouped in the six special symposia and one open session. Abstracts for posters have not been differentiated into specific sessions or themes to encourage broad viewing. We are extremely grateful to our congress sponsors: Deakin University (especially its Faculty of Science and Technology and School of Life and Environmental Sciences), the Association of Australasian Palaeontologists (AAP), the Geological Society of Australia, the International Palaeontological Association (IPA), the Williams family (for the Alwyn Williams Fund), the Brunton/Cooper Family, and Mrs Linda Archbold. The generous support of the last three family sponsorships has enabled 10 brachiopod workers, mostly PhD students and early career brachiopodologists, to attend this congress. Much appreciated has been the sustained enthusiasm and support of colleagues who have organised and convened the six special congress symposia and one open session, and those who have organised and lead the mid‐ and post‐congress excursions in Australia and New Zealand (three one‐ day mid‐congress excursions in Victoria; two week‐long post‐congress excursions in New South Wales, and one week‐long field trip to New Zealand). Numerous individuals (staff, students and friends) from Deakin University in the Melbourne Campus have provided great support to the organisation and successful delivery of the congress in many different ways: finances, communication and publicity, transportation, and assistance with visa application and itinerary booking. As the 6IBC Convenor I would like to express my deep appreciation to all members of our Organising Committee and my co‐editors of this volume, for their sustained support, timeless effort and immense personal support to me throughout the past 12 months. In particular, I feel deeply indebted and very grateful to Dr. Elizabeth (Liz) A. Weldon, our dedicated 6IBC Secretariat, and Mr. Roger Pierson, our Financial Manager, who have jointly carried and skilfully managed the most challenging aspects of the congress organisation. Finally, I would like to thank all participants for your interest in and support for the congress. It is with great anticipation that I invite you all to peruse this volume and to enjoy the full range of activities, both technical and social, offered by the congress and its associated field trips. Professor Guang R. Shi Chair, 6th IBC Organising Committee Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia i Geological Society of Australia, Abstracts No. 95 6th International Brachiopod Congress, Melbourne, Australia, February 2010 ii Geological Society of Australia, Abstracts No. 95 6th International Brachiopod Congress, Melbourne, Australia, February 2010 General Information Map 1: Location of the Holmesglen Conference Centre, suggested accommodation and public transport. iii Geological Society of Australia, Abstracts No. 95 6th International Brachiopod Congress, Melbourne, Australia, February 2010 General Information Map 2: Floor map of the Holmesglen Conference Centre, showing location of rooms for the various congress activities. iv Geological Society of Australia, Abstracts No. 95 6th International Brachiopod Congress, Melbourne, Australia, February 2010 General Information THE VENUE The Holmesglen Conference Centre is conveniently located just 30 minutes by train east of Melbourne’s city centre (see Map 1 on page vi). The Centre provides all the amenities required for our congress activities (see Map 2 on page vii), please familiarise yourself with the location of rooms for the various congress activities. REGISTRATION AND HELP DESK Registration is to be held in the foyer of the Conference Centre (see Map 2) and will be open on Sunday 31 January 2009 between 6‐8pm and again on the following Monday from 8.30‐9.30am. Mrs Robyn Cook will be available at the registration desk throughout the congress to answer any questions in relation to the congress and other general inquiries. Each registrant will be given a named congress satchel containing various items, including the combined congress Program and Abstracts volume, vouchers for drinks and the congress dinner, as well as tax receipts for your registration, depending on each participant’s details of registration. Therefore, we advise that you check the name badge on the back side of the satchel to make sure you get the correct satchel and content. To make contact with the IBC Secretariat directly please leave an email at [email protected], or during business hours on 1‐2 and 4‐5 February please phone: +61 3 95648417. Alternatively a message may be left anytime from 1‐5 February by contacting the Holmesglen Conference Centre Reception by phone: +61 3 95641500 or fax: +61 3 95641940 or email: [email protected]. TRANSPORTATION TO THE HOLMESGLEN CONFERENCE CENTRE Train: The Glen Waverley line, stopping at Holmesglen railway station and located adjacent to the Holmesglen Conference Centre (see Map 1 on page vi). Car: Free car parking is available in front of the Conference Centre. Entry is via a boom‐gate at Gate 1 on Batesford Road. Please contact the Secretariat in advance for the boom gate number if you will be using the car park. NB: Bus and train timetables and fares are available from www.metlinkmelbourne.com.au ORAL PRESENTATIONS The duration of keynote presentations is 30 minutes, including questions and discussion time. All other presentations will be 20 minutes in length, including questions and discussion time. Presentations should be prepared in MS PowerPoint 2003 or newer versions. Only single screen projection is available. A data projector is also available. Please advise
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Brachiopoda from the Southern Indian Ocean (Recent)
    I - MMMP^j SA* J* Brachiopoda from the Southern Indian Ocean (Recent) G. ARTHUR COOPER m CONTRIBUTIONS TO PALEOBIOLOGY • NUMBER SERIES PUBLICATIONS OF THE SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION Emphasis upon publication as a means of "diffusing knowledge" was expressed by the first Secretary of the Smithsonian. In his formal plan for the Institution, Joseph Henry outlined a program that included the following statement: "It is proposed to publish a series of reports, giving an account of the new discoveries in science, and of the changes made from year to year in all branches of knowledge." This theme of basic research has been adhered to through the years by thousands of titles issued in series publications under the Smithsonian imprint, commencing with Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge in 1848 and continuing with the following active series: Smithsonian Contributions to Anthropology Smithsonian Contributions to Astrophysics Smithsonian Contributions to Botany Smithsonian Contributions to the Earth Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to the Marine Sciences Smithsonian Contributions to Paleobiology Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology Smithsonian Studies in Air and Space Smithsonian Studies in History and Technology In these series, the Institution publishes small papers and full-scale monographs that report the research and collections of its various museums and bureaux or of professional colleagues in the world of science and scholarship. The publications are distributed by mailing lists to libraries, universities, and similar institutions throughout the world. Papers or monographs submitted for series publication are received by the Smithsonian Institution Press, subject to its own review for format and style, only through departments of the various Smithsonian museums or bureaux, where the manuscripts are given substantive review.
    [Show full text]
  • An Asymmetric Brachiopod from the Middle Danian Faxe Formation, Denmark Schrøder, Ane Elise; Lauridsen, Bodil Wesenberg; Surlyk, Finn
    Obliquorhynchia (gen. nov.) an asymmetric brachiopod from the middle Danian Faxe Formation, Denmark Schrøder, Ane Elise; Lauridsen, Bodil Wesenberg; Surlyk, Finn Published in: Geological Society of Denmark. Bulletin Publication date: 2016 Document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Document license: Other Citation for published version (APA): Schrøder, A. E., Lauridsen, B. W., & Surlyk, F. (2016). Obliquorhynchia (gen. nov.): an asymmetric brachiopod from the middle Danian Faxe Formation, Denmark. Geological Society of Denmark. Bulletin, 64, 97-109. Download date: 23. sep.. 2021 Obliquorhynchia (gen. nov.): An asymmetric brachiopod from the middle Danian Faxe Formation, Denmark ANE ELISE SCHRØDER, BODIL W. LAURIDSEN & FINN SURLYK Schrøder, A.E., Lauridsen, B.W. & Surlyk, F. 2016. Obliquorhynchia (gen. nov.): An asymmetric bra- chiopod from the middle Danian Faxe Formation, Denmark. © 2016 by Bulletin of the Geological Society of Denmark, Vol. 64, pp. 97–109. ISSN 2245-7070 (www.2dgf.dk/publikationer/bulletin). The diverse brachiopod fauna from the middle Danian cool-water coral mounds of the Faxe Forma- tion, Denmark, includes the new genus Obliquorhynchia that exhibits an asymmetric folding of the frontal commissure, a rare feature in brachiopods. Two of the most abundant brachiopod species found in the Faxe Formation, ‘Rhynchonella’ flustracea and ‘Rhynchonella’ faxensis, are considered conspecific and are both referred toObliquorhynchia . In the literature, the species name flustracea has Received 15 June 2016 been ascribed to von Schlotheim. However, the original species name proposed by von Schlotheim Accepted in revised form 24 October 2016 in his catalogue (1832, 65, no 62) was lustraceus. This remained a nomen nudum until von Buch (1834) Published online published a description based on the material of von Schlotheim and changed the name to flustracea.
    [Show full text]
  • Resumenes XXXI Jornadas Paleontologia.Pdf
    XXXI JORNADAS DE PALEONTOLOGÍA Sociedad Española de Paleontología Baeza, 7-10 de octubre de 2015 XXXI JORNADAS DE PALEONTOLOGÍA Sociedad Española de Paleontología Baeza, 7-10 de octubre de 2015 LIBRO DE RESÚMENES Matías Reolid (ed.) Jornadas de Paleontología (31.2015.Baeza) XXXI Jornadas de Paleontología : Baeza, 7-10 de octubre de 2015 : Libro de resúmenes / [Organizan, Sociedad Española de Paleontología…[ et al.] ; Matías Reolid , (ed.) -- Jaén : Servicio de Publicaciones, Universidad de Jaén, 2015. 312 p. ; 17 x 24 cm ISBN 978-84-8439-920-9 1. Paleontología 2. Congresos y conferencias 3. Jaén (Provincia) I. Sociedad Española de Paleontología, org. II. Reolid, Matías, ed.lit . III. Universidad de Jaén. Servicio de Publicaciones, ed. IV. Título. V. Serie 566(460.352(063) XXXI JORNADAS DE PALEONTOLOGÍA Sociedad Española de Paleontología Organizan Departamento de Geología de la Universidad de Jaén Sociedad Española de Paleontología Centro de Estudios Avanzados de Ciencias de la Tierra, Universidad de Jaén Centro de Estudios de Postgrado, Universidad de Jaén Colaboran Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, Sede Antonio Machado, Baeza Diputación de Jaén Comité Español del PICG (IUGS-UNESCO) © Autores © Universidad de Jaén Primera edición, octubre 2015 Diseño y Maquetación Servicio de Publicaciones ISBN 978-84-8439-920-9 Depósito Legal J-372-2015 Edita Publicaciones de la Universidad de Jaén Vicerrectorado de Proyección de la Cultura, Deportes y Responsabilidad Social Campus Las Lagunillas, Edificio Biblioteca 23071 Jaén (España) Teléfono 953 212 355 – Fax 953 212 235 [email protected] Impreso por Gráficas “La Paz” de Torredonjimeno, S. L. Avda. de Jaén, s/n 23650 Torredonjimeno (Jaén) Teléfono 953 571 087 – Fax 953 571 207 Impreso en España / Printed in Spain “Cualquier forma de reproducción, distribución, comunicación pública o transformación de esta obra solo puede ser realizada con la autorización de sus titulares, salvo excepción prevista por la ley.
    [Show full text]
  • Effect of Removal of Organic Material on Stable Isotope Ratios in Skeletal Carbonate from Taxonomic Groups with Complex Mineralogies
    Received: 19 May 2020 Revised: 16 July 2020 Accepted: 17 July 2020 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8901 RESEARCH ARTICLE Effect of removal of organic material on stable isotope ratios in skeletal carbonate from taxonomic groups with complex mineralogies Marcus M. Key Jr1 | Abigail M. Smith2 | Niomi J. Phillips1 | Jeffrey S. Forrester3 1Department of Earth Sciences, P.O. Box 1773, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA, Rationale: Stable oxygen and carbon isotope ratios are one of the most accurate 17013-2896, USA ways of determining environmental changes in the past, which are used to predict 2Department of Marine Science, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56, Dunedin, 9054, future environmental change. Biogenic carbonates from marine organisms are the New Zealand most common source of samples for stable isotope analysis. Before they are 3 Department of Mathematics and Computer analyzed by mass spectrometry, any organic material is traditionally removed by one Science, P.O. Box 1773, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA, 17013-2896, USA of three common pretreatment methods: roasting, bleaching, or with hydrogen peroxide at various strengths and durations. Correspondence 18 13 Marcus M. Key, Jr, Department of Earth Methods: This study compares δ O and δ C values in a control with no Sciences, P.O. Box 1773, Dickinson College, pretreatment with those from five different pretreatment methods using Carlisle, PA 17013-2896, USA. Email: [email protected] conventional acid digestion mass spectrometry. The objectives are to: assess the impact of the most common pretreatment methods on δ18O and δ13C values from Funding information Atlantic Richfield Foundation Research Award (1) taxonomically underrepresented groups in previous studies, and (2) those that of Dickinson College; Research and precipitate a wide range of biomineralogies, in the debate of whether to pretreat or Development Committee of Dickinson College not to pretreat.
    [Show full text]
  • New Barremian Rhynchonellide Brachiopod from Serbia and The
    New Barremian rhynchonellide brachiopod genus from Serbia and the shell microstructure of Tetrarhynchiidae BARBARA RADULOVIĆ, NEDA MOTCHUROVA−DEKOVA, and VLADAN RADULOVIĆ Radulović, B., Motchurova−Dekova, N., and Radulović, V. 2007. New Barremian rhynchonellide brachiopod from Ser− bia and the shell microstructure of Tetrarhynchiidae. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 52 (4): 761–782. A new rhynchonellide brachiopod genus Antulanella is erected based on the examination of the external and internal morphologies and shell microstructure of “Rhynchonella pancici”, a common species in the Barremian shallow−water limestones of the Carpatho−Balkanides of eastern Serbia. The new genus is assigned to the subfamily Viarhynchiinae, family Tetrarhynchiidae. The shell of Antulanella is small to rarely medium−sized, subglobose, subcircular, fully costate, with hypothyrid rimmed foramen. The dorsal euseptoidum is much reduced. The dental plates are thin, ventrally diver− gent. The hinge plates are straight to ventrally convex. The crura possess widened distal ends, rarely raduliform or canaliform. The shell is composed of two calcitic layers. The secondary layer is fine fibrous, homogeneous built up of predominantly anisometric anvil−like fibres. Although data on the shell microstructure of post−Palaeozoic rhyncho− nellides are still incomplete, it is possible to distinguish two types of secondary layer: (i) fine fibrous typical of the superfamilies Rhynchonelloidea and Hemithiridoidea and (ii) coarse fibrous typical of the superfamilies Pugnacoidea, Wellerelloidea, and Norelloidea. The new genus Antulanella has a fine fibrous microstructure of the secondary layer, which is consistent with its allocation in the Hemithiridoidea. Antulanella pancici occurs in association with other brachi− opods showing strong Peritethyan affinity and close resemblance to the Jura fauna (= Subtethyan fauna).
    [Show full text]
  • University of California Santa Cruz
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ THE ROLE OF SUBSTRATE PREFERENCE IN MESOZOIC BRACHIOPOD DECLINE A thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE in EARTH SCIENCES by Marko Manojlovic September 2017 The Thesis of Marko Manojlovic is approved: ___________________________ Professor Matthew Clapham ___________________________ Professor James Zachos ___________________________ Professor Noah Finnegan ________________________________ Tyrus Miller Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies i ii Table of Contents Abstract . iv Acknowledgments . v Introduction . 1 Methods . 5 Results . 10 Discussion . 16 Conclusion . 19 Figures . 21 References . 47 iii Marko Manojlovic The Role of Substrate Preference in Mesozoic Brachiopod Decline Abstract Brachiopods dominated the seafloor from the Ordovician to the Permian as one of the primary members of the Paleozoic fauna. Despite the devastating effects of the Permian-Triassic extinction, the group mounted a successful recovery during the Triassic and Jurassic, which was followed by their final decline. One proposed cause of this decline is the large increase in bioturbation associated with the Mesozoic Marine Revolution, leading to brachiopods shifting to harder substrates. This hypothesis was explored using occurrence and abundance data downloaded from the Paleobiology Database, with carbonate lithologies serving as a proxy for hard substrates and siliciclastics as a proxy for soft substrates. Brachiopods were more common on carbonate substrates in the Mesozoic which suggests a shift to harder substrates due to rapidly increasing bioturbation during the era. The resulting restriction to harder substrates is a contributor to the Mesozoic decline of brachiopods. Though increasing bioturbation has been previously proposed as a cause of brachiopod decline, this study provides additional quantitative support for this hypothesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Permophiles International Commission on Stratigraphy
    Permophiles International Commission on Stratigraphy Newsletter of the Subcommission on Permian Stratigraphy Number 66 Supplement 1 ISSN 1684 – 5927 August 2018 Permophiles Issue #66 Supplement 1 8th INTERNATIONAL BRACHIOPOD CONGRESS Brachiopods in a changing planet: from the past to the future Milano 11-14 September 2018 GENERAL CHAIRS Lucia Angiolini, Università di Milano, Italy Renato Posenato, Università di Ferrara, Italy ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Chair: Gaia Crippa, Università di Milano, Italy Valentina Brandolese, Università di Ferrara, Italy Claudio Garbelli, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, China Daniela Henkel, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany Marco Romanin, Polish Academy of Science, Warsaw, Poland Facheng Ye, Università di Milano, Italy SCIENTIFIC COMMITTEE Fernando Álvarez Martínez, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain Lucia Angiolini, Università di Milano, Italy Uwe Brand, Brock University, Canada Sandra J. Carlson, University of California, Davis, United States Maggie Cusack, University of Stirling, United Kingdom Anton Eisenhauer, GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Germany David A.T. Harper, Durham University, United Kingdom Lars Holmer, Uppsala University, Sweden Fernando Garcia Joral, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain Carsten Lüter, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany Alberto Pérez-Huerta, University of Alabama, United States Renato Posenato, Università di Ferrara, Italy Shuzhong Shen, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, China 1 Permophiles Issue #66 Supplement
    [Show full text]
  • The Origin of Animal Body Plans: a View from Fossil Evidence and the Regulatory Genome Douglas H
    © 2020. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Development (2020) 147, dev182899. doi:10.1242/dev.182899 REVIEW The origin of animal body plans: a view from fossil evidence and the regulatory genome Douglas H. Erwin1,2,* ABSTRACT constraints on the interpretation of genomic and developmental The origins and the early evolution of multicellular animals required data. In this Review, I argue that genomic and developmental the exploitation of holozoan genomic regulatory elements and the studies suggest that the most plausible scenario for regulatory acquisition of new regulatory tools. Comparative studies of evolution is that highly conserved genes were initially associated metazoans and their relatives now allow reconstruction of the with cell-type specification and only later became co-opted (see evolution of the metazoan regulatory genome, but the deep Glossary, Box 1) for spatial patterning functions. conservation of many genes has led to varied hypotheses about Networks of regulatory interactions control gene expression and the morphology of early animals and the extent of developmental co- are essential for the formation and organization of cell types and option. In this Review, I assess the emerging view that the early patterning during animal development (Levine and Tjian, 2003) diversification of animals involved small organisms with diverse cell (Fig. 2). Gene regulatory networks (GRNs) (see Glossary, Box 1) types, but largely lacking complex developmental patterning, which determine cell fates by controlling spatial expression
    [Show full text]
  • Protistan Skeletons: a Geologic History of Evolution and Constraint
    Protistan Skeletons: A Geologic History of Evolution and Constraint The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Knoll, Andrew H., and Benjamin Kotrc. 2015. “Protistan Skeletons: A Geologic History of Evolution and Constraint.” In Evolution of Lightweight Structures, ed. Christian Hamm: 1–16. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9398-8_1. Published Version doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9398-8_1 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:30403697 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#OAP 1 Chapter 1 Protistan Skeletons: A Geologic History of Evolution and Constraint Andrew H. Knoll and Benjamin Kotrc Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138, USA Abstract The tests and scales formed by protists may be the epitome of lightweight bioconstructions in nature. Skeletal biomineralization is widespread among eukaryotes, but both predominant mineralogy and stratigraphic history differ between macroscopic and microscopic organisms. Among animals and macroscopic algae, calcium minerals, especially carbonates, predominate in skeleton formation, with most innovations in skeletal biomineralization concentrated in and around the Cambrian Period. In contrast, amorphous silica is widely used in protistan skeletons, and a majority of the geologically recorded origins of silica biomineralization took place in the Mesozoic and early Cenozoic eras. Amorphous silica may be favored in protist biomineralization because of the material properties of both silica itself and the organic molecules that template its precipitation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Early History of the Metazoa—A Paleontologist's Viewpoint
    ISSN 20790864, Biology Bulletin Reviews, 2015, Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 415–461. © Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2015. Original Russian Text © A.Yu. Zhuravlev, 2014, published in Zhurnal Obshchei Biologii, 2014, Vol. 75, No. 6, pp. 411–465. The Early History of the Metazoa—a Paleontologist’s Viewpoint A. Yu. Zhuravlev Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, per. Pyzhevsky 7, Moscow, 7119017 Russia email: [email protected] Received January 21, 2014 Abstract—Successful molecular biology, which led to the revision of fundamental views on the relationships and evolutionary pathways of major groups (“phyla”) of multicellular animals, has been much more appre ciated by paleontologists than by zoologists. This is not surprising, because it is the fossil record that provides evidence for the hypotheses of molecular biology. The fossil record suggests that the different “phyla” now united in the Ecdysozoa, which comprises arthropods, onychophorans, tardigrades, priapulids, and nemato morphs, include a number of transitional forms that became extinct in the early Palaeozoic. The morphology of these organisms agrees entirely with that of the hypothetical ancestral forms reconstructed based on onto genetic studies. No intermediates, even tentative ones, between arthropods and annelids are found in the fos sil record. The study of the earliest Deuterostomia, the only branch of the Bilateria agreed on by all biological disciplines, gives insight into their early evolutionary history, suggesting the existence of motile bilaterally symmetrical forms at the dawn of chordates, hemichordates, and echinoderms. Interpretation of the early history of the Lophotrochozoa is even more difficult because, in contrast to other bilaterians, their oldest fos sils are preserved only as mineralized skeletons.
    [Show full text]
  • The Origin of Animals: Can Molecular Clocks and the Fossil Record Be Reconciled?
    Prospects & Overviews Review essays The origin of animals: Can molecular clocks and the fossil record be reconciled? John A. Cunningham1)2)Ã, Alexander G. Liu1)†, Stefan Bengtson2) and Philip C. J. Donoghue1) The evolutionary emergence of animals is one of the most Introduction significant episodes in the history of life, but its timing remains poorly constrained. Molecular clocks estimate that The apparent absence of a fossil record prior to the appearance of trilobites in the Cambrian famously troubled Darwin. He animals originated and began diversifying over 100 million wrote in On the origin of species that if his theory of evolution years before the first definitive metazoan fossil evidence in were true “it is indisputable that before the lowest [Cambrian] the Cambrian. However, closer inspection reveals that clock stratum was deposited ... the world swarmed with living estimates and the fossil record are less divergent than is creatures.” Furthermore, he could give “no satisfactory answer” often claimed. Modern clock analyses do not predict the as to why older fossiliferous deposits had not been found [1]. In the intervening century and a half, a record of Precambrian presence of the crown-representatives of most animal phyla fossils has been discovered extending back over three billion in the Neoproterozoic. Furthermore, despite challenges years (popularly summarized in [2]). Nevertheless, “Darwin’s provided by incomplete preservation, a paucity of phylo- dilemma” regarding the origin and early evolution of Metazoa genetically informative characters, and uncertain expecta- arguably persists, because incontrovertible fossil evidence for tions of the anatomy of early animals, a number of animals remains largely, or some might say completely, absent Neoproterozoic fossils can reasonably be interpreted as from Neoproterozoic rocks [3].
    [Show full text]
  • Download This PDF File
    BRANCHES ITS ALL IN HISTORY WALES NATURAL SOUTH PROCEEDINGS of the of NEW 139 VOLUME LINNEAN SOCIETY VOL. 139 DECEMBER 2017 PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF N.S.W. (Dakin, 1914) (Branchiopoda: Anostraca: (Dakin, 1914) (Branchiopoda: from south-eastern Australia from south-eastern Octopus Branchinella occidentalis , sp. nov.: A new species of A , sp. nov.: NTES FO V I E R X E X D L E C OF C Early Devonian conodonts from the southern Thomson Orogen and northern Lachlan Orogen in north-western Early Devonian conodonts from the southern New South Wales. Pickett. I.G. Percival and J.W. Zhen, R. Hegarty, Y.Y. Australia Wales, Silurian brachiopods from the Bredbo area north of Cooma, New South D.L. Strusz D.R. Mitchell and A. Reid. D.R. Mitchell and Thamnocephalidae). Timms. D.C. Rogers and B.V. Wales. Precis of Palaeozoic palaeontology in the southern tablelands region of New South Zhen. Y.Y. I.G. Percival and Octopus kapalae Predator morphology and behaviour in C THE C WALES A C NEW SOUTH D SOCIETY S LINNEAN O I M N R T G E CONTENTS Volume 139 Volume 31 December 2017 in 2017, compiled published Papers http://escholarship.library.usyd.edu.au/journals/index.php/LIN at Published eScholarship) at online published were papers individual (date PROCEEDINGS OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF NSW OF PROCEEDINGS 139 VOLUME 69-83 85-106 9-56 57-67 Volume 139 Volume 2017 Compiled 31 December OF CONTENTS TABLE 1-8 THE LINNEAN SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTH WALES ISSN 1839-7263 B E Founded 1874 & N R E F E A Incorporated 1884 D C N T U O The society exists to promote the cultivation and O R F study of the science of natural history in all branches.
    [Show full text]