DOCSLIB.ORG

Isothiocyanate: Cancer Chemopreventive Agent

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Isothiocyanate: Cancer Chemopreventive Agent Research Article Mrunmayee P.Toraskar et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2009, 2(10),1638-1641 ISSN: 0974-6943 Available online through http://jprsolutions.info Isothiocyanate: cancer chemopreventive agent Mrunmayee P.Toraskar*, Vithal M. Kulkarni , Shweta T.Dhanashire, Vilasarao J.Kadam Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry, Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Pharmacy, Sector 08, CBD Belapur, Navi-Mumbai – 400614, India.. Received on: 20-05-2009; Accepted on:15-07-2009 ABSTRACT Isothiocyanates- plant derived dietary compounds, are promising chemopreventive agents generally non-toxic substances that interfere with the process of cancer development. Several natural and synthetic isothiocyanates have demonstrated cancer-preventive properties in animals treated with chemical carcinogens, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon nitrosamines. Some of these compounds, the isothiocyanates – particularly allyl isothiocyanate and phenethyl isothiocyanate, have anticancer activity. Epidemiologic and clinical studies indicate a positive correlation between the general consumption of cruciferous vegetables and the decreased incidence of some cancers including non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma, liver, prostate, cervical, ovarian, lung, gastrointestinal tract. Natural isothiocyanates such as sulforaphane and phenethyl isothiocyanate possess strong antitumor activities both in vitro and in vivo. It exerts strong anticarcinogenic effects in a number of animal models of cancer, presumably by modulation of xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes, such as by inhibition of cytochrome P- 450 and/or by induction of phase II detoxifying enzymes. Keywords: Isothiocyanates, Cancer chemopreventive agent, Apoptosis INTRODUCTION Chemopreventive isothiocyanates Cancer chemoprevention is regarded as the use of synthetic zymatically and enzymatically by myrosinase (ß-thioglucoside or natural agents to inhibit, delay or reverse the process of carcino- glucohydrolase) during food preparation, cooking and chewing. genesis through intervention before the appearance of invasive dis- Antineoplastic effect of cruciferous vegetables is attributed to ease. Isothiocyanates, plant-derived dietary compounds, are isothiocyanates, which occur as thioglucoside conjugates chemopreventive agents. Suppression of cell proliferation and in- (glucosinolates) in a variety of edible plants, including broccoli, wa- duction of differentiation and apoptosis during the promotion and tercress and cabbage. (4) progression stages are ideal preventive devices1. Vegetables are a good source of trace non-nutrient com- pounds that contribute to the prevention of cancer. Some of these MECHANISM OF ACTION OF ISOTHIOCYANATES compounds, the isothiocyanates – particularly allyl isothiocyanate and phenethyl isothiocyanate, have both anti-carcinogenic and anti- cancer activity 2. Glucosinolates and myrosinase are compartmentalised in plants Isothiocyanates acts as chemopreventive by inducing apoptosis pro- but interact when tissue damage occurs. Myrosinase activity of in- cess i.e cell death The mechanism by which Phenyl ethyl testinal bacteria may also contribute to the degradation of isothiocyanates inhibits chemically induced cancer involves inhibi- glucosinolates in vivo. Two of the most prevalent glucosinolates are tion of carcinogen activation due to inhibition of cytochrome P-450 sinigrin and gluconasturtin. Myrosinase-catalysed hydrolysis of sini- dependent mono-oxygenases and increased carcinogen inactivation grin and gluconasturtin cleaves the thioglucoside linkage; yielding due to induction of phase II enzymes, including glutathione trans- 4 glucose and an unstable iohydroximate-O-sulphonate aglycone that ferase .Cytotoxicity was associated with an initial decrease in GSH spontaneously rearranges to form allyl isothiocyanate and phenethyl and GSSG, with a concomitant formation of the GSH adduct S-(N- isothiocyanate (PEITC), respectively, other products, nitriles and iso- phenethylthiocarbamoyl) glutathione inside cells which was then ex- cyanates, may also be formed3. Cruciferous vegetables such as broc- ported from cell.Then S-(N-phenethyl thiocarbamoyl) glutathione coli, cabbage and kale, are rich sources of sulfur containing com- spontaneously fragmented to GSH and phenethyl isothiocyanate,GSH pounds called glucosinolates. Glucosinolates are degraded non-en- oxidized to GSSG and glutathionyl-protein disulphides and phenethyl isothiocyanate hydrolyzed to phenylethy lamine5.Induction of apoptosis by dietary isothiocyanates due to activation of the stress- *Corresponding author. activated protein kinase JNK1( Junction N-terminal Kinase) with cleav- Tel.: + 91-022 27662973 age of p22 BID protein to p15, p13 and p11 fragments. Telefax: +91- E-mail: [email protected] Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol.2.Issue 10.October 2009 1638-1641 Mrunmayee P.Toraskar et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2009, 2(10),1638-1641 Mechanism of induction of tumour cell apoptosis by dietary EXAMPLES OF ISOTHIOCYANATE ( 6) isothiocyanates(5) 1. Benzyl Isothiocyanate The mechanism of induction of apoptosis involves the entry of the isothiocyanate into cells and formation of the GSH conjugate, S-(N- CH2NCS alkyl or arylalkyl thiocarbamoyl) glutathione. Concurrently, there is a slow inactivation of phenyl ethyl isothiocyanates by spontaneous hydrolysis then expulsion of the GSH conjugate via the MRP protein channel, with a consequent depletion of cellular GSH.There is a tem- 2. Phenethyl Isothiocyanate porary, reversible modification of cellular protein thiols – protein thiocarbamoylation. N=C=S Event 3 triggers recruitment of adaptor protein FADD to apoptosis-mediating cell death receptors (tumour necrosis receptor 1 and/or the fas receptor) and activates caspase-8. After this there is cleavage of mitochondrial protein BID, then release of cytochrome c 3. Phenyl Methyl Isothiocyanate from mitochondria and activation of caspase-3. Activation of the stress activation protein kinase JNK (which induces increased expression of the fas receptor ligand – further potentiating apoptosis) via activa- tion of the mitogen activated kinase MEKK1. N=C=S All these events induces apoptosis, DNA fragmentation and cell death. Where the isothiocyanate (RN=C=S) is administered as the corre- sponding thiol conjugate (RNH(C=S)-SR’), this sequence of events is preceded by fragmentation of the thiol conjugate to the free 4. Phenylhexyl Isothiocyanate isothiocyanate (CH2)6NCS 5. Sulphoraphane O S NCS H3C ferases (GSTs), and further metabolized to mercapturic acids. These isothiocyanate metabolites can be measured in the urine, and are highly correlated with dietary intake of cruciferous vegetables . BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES (2,8) Effects on Biotransformation Enzymes Involved in Carcinogen Me- tabolism Biotransformation enzymes play important roles in the metabo- lism and elimination of a variety of chemicals, including drugs, toxins and carcinogens. In general, phase -I biotransformation enzymes cata- lyze reactions that increase the reactivity of hydrophobic (fat-soluble) compounds, preparing them for reactions catalyzed by phase -II Metabolism and Bioavailability: biotransformation enzymes. Myrosinase a class of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis (break- down) of glucosinolates, is physically separated from glucosinolates Inhibition of Phase - I Biotransformation Enzymes when plant cells are intact.8When cruciferous vegetables are chopped Some procarcinogens (carcinogen precursors) require or chewed, myrosinase can interact with glucosinolates and release biotransformation by phase-I enzymes, such as those of the cyto- isothiocyanates from their precursors.During metabolism, chrome P450 (CYP) family, in order to become active carcinogens that isothiocyanates are conjugated (bound) to glutathione, an activity are capable of binding DNA and inducing mutations. Inhibition of that is promoted by a family of enzymes called glutathione-S-trans- specific CYP enzymes involved in carcinogen activation inhibits the Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol.2.Issue 10.October 2009 1638-1641 Mrunmayee P.Toraskar et al. / Journal of Pharmacy Research 2009, 2(10),1638-1641 Clinically, it is usually diagnosed in patients over 50 years old. Thus, development of cancer in animal models.Isothiocyanates,including there could be opportunity for intervention using cancer PEITC and BITC(Benzyl isothiocyanates), have been found to inhibit chemopreventive compounds that prevent or slow the progression carcinogen activation by CYP enzymes. of this disease. Recent studies have indicated that using dietary Induction of Phase - II Biotransformation Enzymes chemopreventive compounds, such as isothiocyanates, might be a Many isothiocyanates, particularly SFN (Sulphoraphane), promising strategy to decrease the incidence of prostate cancer. Some are potent inducers of phase -II enzymes in cultured human cells. isothiocyanates derived from cruciferous vegetables, such as Phase -II enzymes, including GSTs, UDP-glucuronosyl transferases sulforaphane (SFN), are highly effective in preventing or reducing (UGTs), quinone reductase and glutamate cysteine ligase, plays im- the risk of cancer11. portant roles in protecting cells from DNA damage by carcinogens and reactive oxygen species Curcumin (from turmeric) is one of the most well known naturally Anti-inflammatory Activity occurring compounds. It has cancer chemopreventive potential Inflammation promotes cellular proliferation and inhibits against many types of cancerous cells, including prostate cancer. It is apoptosis, increasing
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Soil Mobility of Allyl Isothiocyanate and Chloropicrin As Influenced By
    HORTSCIENCE 54(4):706–714. 2019. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI13836-18 and some soil arthropods, but it provides little control of fungi and weeds, whereas Met-Na controls weeds, nematodes, and some fungi. CP Soil Mobility of Allyl Isothiocyanate controls insects and fungi, but it has less activity against nematodes and weeds (Ajwa and Trout, and Chloropicrin as Influenced by 2004). The most promising MeBr alternatives are chloropicrin and Met-Na (Gao et al., 2012; Surfactants and Soil Texture Jacoby, 2016; Klose et al., 2008; Yates et al., 2002); therefore, more than 7000 tons of chlo- Feras Almasri ropicrin were used in 2011 (Nelson et al., 2013) Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA in California. 95616 Although Met-Na is an effective fumigant (Nelson et al., 2002), the use of Met-Na is Husein A. Ajwa strongly regulated due to the excessive soil fu- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, 1636 East migant release into the atmosphere (Goodhue et al., 2016; Saeed et al., 1997). Because of Alisal Street, Salinas, CA 93905 this excessive release into the atmosphere, Sanjai J. Parikh Met-Na, Met-K, and DMTT labels require wide buffer zones and specific measures to University of California at Davis, Department of Land, Air and Water protect people from off-target movement Resources, Davis, CA 95616 (Guthman and Brown, 2016). Furthermore, 1 Met-Na, Met-K, and DMTT degrade in soil Kassim Al-Khatib to MITC, which is classified as a toxicity I Department of Plant Sciences, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA category pesticide (Gao et al., 2012; Klose 95616 et al., 2008).
    [Show full text]
  • Isothiocyanates; Sources, Physiological Functions and Food Applications
    1 Plant Archives Vol. 20, Supplement 2, 2020 pp. 2758-2763 e-ISSN:2581-6063 (online), ISSN:0972-5210 ISOTHIOCYANATES; SOURCES, PHYSIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS AND FOOD APPLICATIONS Mudasir Yaqoob* 1,2 , Poonam Aggarwal 2, Mukul Kumar 1, Neha Purandare 1 1Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Lovely professional University Phagwara India 2Department of Food Science &Technology Punjab agriculture University Ludhiana Email: [email protected] Abstract Foods are complex mixture of major and minor nutrients. They also contain some non-nutrient mixtures which exert beneficial effects to the human body known as phytochemicals. Phytochemicals are the chemical compounds that are synthesised by the plant cells to fight any kind of stress conditions. Isothiocyanates (ITCs) are the secondary metabolites produced by the plant from the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosinolates by myrosinase during the plant tissue injury. They are present in Cruciferous vegetables, such as cabbage, broccoli and kale and are sulphur rich compounds. Isothiocyanates have been found to play an important role for the plant against microbial and pest infections. ITCs have been found to have beneficial activities like antibacterial, antifungal, bioherbicidal, and antioxidant, biopesticidal, anticarcinogenic and antimutagenic. Due to these activities they are having applications in food preservation like fruit juices and as an additive in Mayonnaise. Their recent application has been in the food packing’s and in MAP. The present review gives the insight of these phytochemicals, their physiological functions and food applications Keywords : Isothiocyanates, glucosionolate, sources, biocidal, food applications. Introduction in the vapour phase (Isshiki et al., 1992) and due to this characteristic property, it has been able to be used as food Isothiocyanates are the type of phytochemicals that are preservative in a number of foods stuffs.
    [Show full text]
  • Isothiocyanates from Cruciferous Vegetables
    Isothiocyanates from Cruciferous Vegetables: Kinetics, Biomarkers and Effects Martijn Vermeulen Promotoren Prof. dr. Peter J. van Bladeren Hoogleraar Toxicokinetiek en Biotransformatie, leerstoelgroep Toxicologie, Wageningen Universiteit Prof. dr. ir. Ivonne M.C.M. Rietjens Hoogleraar Toxicologie, Wageningen Universiteit Copromotor Dr. Wouter H.J. Vaes Productmanager Nutriënten en Biomarker analyse, TNO Kwaliteit van Leven, Zeist Promotiecommissie Prof. dr. Aalt Bast Universiteit Maastricht Prof. dr. ir. M.A.J.S. (Tiny) van Boekel Wageningen Universiteit Prof. dr. Renger Witkamp Wageningen Universiteit Prof. dr. Ruud A. Woutersen Wageningen Universiteit / TNO, Zeist Dit onderzoek is uitgevoerd binnen de onderzoeksschool VLAG (Voeding, Levensmiddelen- technologie, Agrobiotechnologie en Gezondheid) Isothiocyanates from Cruciferous Vegetables: Kinetics, Biomarkers and Effects Martijn Vermeulen Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor op gezag van de rector magnificus van Wageningen Universiteit, prof. dr. M.J. Kropff, in het openbaar te verdedigen op vrijdag 13 februari 2009 des namiddags te half twee in de Aula. Title Isothiocyanates from cruciferous vegetables: kinetics, biomarkers and effects Author Martijn Vermeulen Thesis Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands (2009) with abstract-with references-with summary in Dutch ISBN 978-90-8585-312-1 ABSTRACT Cruciferous vegetables like cabbages, broccoli, mustard and cress, have been reported to be beneficial for human health. They contain glucosinolates, which are hydrolysed into isothiocyanates that have shown anticarcinogenic properties in animal experiments. To study the bioavailability, kinetics and effects of isothiocyanates from cruciferous vegetables, biomarkers of exposure and for selected beneficial effects were developed and validated. As a biomarker for intake and bioavailability, isothiocyanate mercapturic acids were chemically synthesised as reference compounds and a method for their quantification in urine was developed.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 84, No. 230/Friday, November 29, 2019
    Federal Register / Vol. 84, No. 230 / Friday, November 29, 2019 / Proposed Rules 65739 are operated by a government LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 49966 (Sept. 24, 2019). The Office overseeing a population below 50,000. solicited public comments on a broad Of the impacts we estimate accruing U.S. Copyright Office range of subjects concerning the to grantees or eligible entities, all are administration of the new blanket voluntary and related mostly to an 37 CFR Part 210 compulsory license for digital uses of increase in the number of applications [Docket No. 2019–5] musical works that was created by the prepared and submitted annually for MMA, including regulations regarding competitive grant competitions. Music Modernization Act Implementing notices of license, notices of nonblanket Therefore, we do not believe that the Regulations for the Blanket License for activity, usage reports and adjustments, proposed priorities would significantly Digital Uses and Mechanical Licensing information to be included in the impact small entities beyond the Collective: Extension of Comment mechanical licensing collective’s potential for increasing the likelihood of Period database, database usability, their applying for, and receiving, interoperability, and usage restrictions, competitive grants from the Department. AGENCY: U.S. Copyright Office, Library and the handling of confidential of Congress. information. Paperwork Reduction Act ACTION: Notification of inquiry; To ensure that members of the public The proposed priorities do not extension of comment period. have sufficient time to respond, and to contain any information collection ensure that the Office has the benefit of SUMMARY: The U.S. Copyright Office is requirements. a complete record, the Office is extending the deadline for the extending the deadline for the Intergovernmental Review: This submission of written reply comments program is subject to Executive Order submission of written reply comments in response to its September 24, 2019 to no later than 5:00 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • The Metabolism of Plant Glucosinolates by Gut Bacteria
    The metabolism of plant glucosinolates by gut bacteria Fatma Cebeci A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the University of East Anglia Institute of Food Research April, 2017 © This copy of the thesis has been supplied on condition that anyone who consults it is understood to recognise that its copyright rests with the author and that use of any information derived there from must be in accordance with current UK Copyright Law. In addition, any quotation or extract must include full attribution. PhD Thesis 2017 Fatma Cebeci Metabolism of Plant Glucosinolates by Gut Bacteria ABSTRACT Glucosinolates found in cruciferous vegetables are degraded by plant myrosinases into bioactive isothiocyanates (ITCs) which have been recognised as potent anticancer compounds. During cooking, plant myrosinases are heat inactivated so ITC production is dependent on the myrosinase-like enzymes produced by the gut bacteria. This study is focused on investigating glucosinolate metabolism by the human gut bacteria and identifying the enzymes that play a crucial role. Human gut bacteria that were previously reported to metabolise glucosinolates were investigated in this study. In addition, 98 more human gut strains were isolated using a glucoraphanin enrichment method. It was hypothesised that bacterial myrosinases are β- glucosidases with specificity for glucosinolates. To identify the first bacterial myrosinase from the human gut, four putative β-glucosidases from Enterococcus casseliflavus CP1 and Escherichia coli FI10944 were cloned and heterologously expressed in E. coli. An alternative approach using a combination of ion exchange chromatography and gel filtration was also carried out to identify the bacterial myrosinase of E.
    [Show full text]
  • Defining Potential Chemical Peaks and Management Options
    PROJECT NO. 4991 Defining Potential Chemical Peaks and Management Options Defining Potential Chemical Peaks and Management Options Prepared by: Jean Debroux Kennedy Jenks Consultants Megan H. Plumlee Orange County Water District Shane Trussell Trussell Technologies, Inc. Co-sponsored by: California State Water Resources Control Board 2021 The Water Research Foundation (WRF) is a nonprofit (501c3) organization which provides a unified source for One Water research and a strong presence in relationships with partner organizations, government and regulatory agencies, and Congress. The foundation conducts research in all areas of drinking water, wastewater, stormwater, and water reuse. The Water Research Foundation’s research portfolio is valued at over $700 million. WRF plays an important role in the translation and dissemination of applied research, technology demonstration, and education, through creation of research-based educational tools and technology exchange opportunities. WRF serves as a leader and model for collaboration across the water industry and its materials are used to inform policymakers and the public on the science, economic value, and environmental benefits of using and recovering resources found in water, as well as the feasibility of implementing new technologies. For more information, contact: The Water Research Foundation 1199 North Fairfax Street, Suite 900 6666 West Quincy Avenue Alexandria, VA 22314-1445 Denver, Colorado 80235-3098 www.waterrf.org P 571.384.2100 P 303.347.6100 [email protected] ©Copyright 2021 by The Water Research Foundation. All rights reserved. Permission to copy must be obtained from The Water Research Foundation. WRF ISBN: 978-1-60573-555-9 WRF Project Number: 4991 This report was prepared by the organization(s) named below as an account of work sponsored by The Water Research Foundation.
    [Show full text]
  • Degradation of Fumigant Pesticides: 1,3-Dichloropropene, Methyl Isothiocyanate, Chloropicrin, and Methyl Bromide
    Published August, 2003 Degradation of Fumigant Pesticides: 1,3-Dichloropropene, Methyl Isothiocyanate, Chloropicrin, and Methyl Bromide Robert S. Dungan* and Scott R. Yates ABSTRACT is effective against nematodes, it lacks herbicidal activ- Fumigant pesticides are frequently used in intensive agriculture ity, and is often formulated with CP (e.g., Telone C17 to control nematodes, fungi, and weeds. Currently, four registered and C35, which contain 17 and 35% CP, respectively) fumigants are available: 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D), methyl isothio- to provide control of some fungal pathogens. Methyl cyanate (MITC), chloropicrin (CP), and methyl bromide (MeBr). The isothiocyanate is effective against nematodes and a vari- use of 1,3-D, MITC, and CP can be expected to increase after MeBr ety of weeds and fungal pathogens. is completely phased out of production in the USA in 2005. In soil, the Application of the fumigants can be made using dif- degradation of 1,3-D, MITC, CP, and MeBr occurs through both ferent techniques that depend on the formulation type, chemical and biological mechanisms. Repeated applications of the pest to be controlled, and timing of the application (Lem- fumigants MITC and 1,3-D are known to enhance their biodegradation as a result of adapted microorganisms. Preliminary evidence suggests bright, 1990). Usually the fumigants are injected any- that the microorganisms responsible for enhanced degradation of where from 30 to 60 cm below the soil surface. Methyl MITC specifically target the isothiocyanate functional group. In the bromide is applied by shank injection as a liquid, but case of 1,3-D, a number of bacteria have been isolated that are capable with a high vapor pressure of about 189 kPa at 20ЊC, of degrading 1,3-D and also using it as a sole C and energy source.
    [Show full text]
  • Phytochemical Characterization and Sensory Evaluation of Macropiper Excelsum
    TECHNISCHE UNIVERSITÄT MÜNCHEN Lehrstuhl für Allgemeine Lebensmitteltechnologie Phytochemical Characterization and Sensory Evaluation of Macropiper excelsum Katja Obst Vollständiger Abdruck der von der Fakultät Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt (WZW) der Technischen Universität München zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften (Dr. rer. nat.) genehmigten Dissertation. Vorsitzender: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Peter Schieberle Prüfer der Dissertation: 1. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Karl-Heinz Engel 2. Univ.-Prof. Dr. Thomas Hofmann Die Dissertation wurde am 12.05.2014 bei der Technischen Universität München eingereicht und durch die Fakultät Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan für Ernährung, Landnutzung und Umwelt (WZW) am 07.10.2014 angenommen. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I would like to thank Professor Dr. Karl-Heinz Engel for his valuable scientific advice, his enlightening comments, and his interest in the progress of my thesis. I would like to show my gratitude to Dr. Gerhard Krammer, Senior Vice President Research & Technology Flavor & Nutrition, for the provision of this fascinating research project and his great interest in my work. This thesis would not have been possible without the guidance and help of Dr. Jakob Ley, Director Ingredient Research. I sincerely appreciate his excellent supervision, his ideas and proposals, as well as his encouragement. Thank you also for your confidence in my work and the possibilities to present the results of my thesis to the scientific community in many talks and poster sessions at various meetings. I would like to convey my sincerest gratitude to Dr. Katharina Reichelt, Natural Product Chemistry/Functional Flavor Solutions, for her perpetual help in all phases of this work. I highly appreciate her outstanding enthusiasm and her motivation.
    [Show full text]
  • DIVISION of CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY T. Spratt, Program Chair Location: Marriott Marquis Washington, DC Georgetown University Room, Except When Notified
    DIVISION OF CHEMICAL TOXICOLOGY T. Spratt, Program Chair Location: Marriott Marquis Washington, DC Georgetown University Room, except when notified SUNDAY MORNING 9:00 13. Replicative bypass and mutagenic properties of alkylphosphotriester lesions in Escherichia coli. J. Wu, P. Wang, Y. Chemical Research in Toxicology Young Investigators Award Wang H. Ai, Organizer, Presiding 9:20 14. Abasic and oxidized abasic lesion bypass by DNA S. S. Hecht, T. M. Penning, Presiding polymerase theta yields one- and two-nucleotide deletions. D.J. 8:00 Introductory Remarks. Laverty, M.M. Greenberg 8:10 1. Targeted quantitative proteomic approaches for interrogating 9:40 Intermission. the human kinome. W. Miao, Y. Xiao, L. Guo, Y. Wang 10:00 15. Characterization of the 2,6-diamino-4-hydroxy-N5- 8:55 2. Sequence-specific covalent capture for detection of disease- (methyl)-formamidopyrimidine DNA lesion. S. Bamberger, H. Pan, derived nucleic acid sequences. K.S. Gates, A. Gu, M. Imani Nejad, R. Bowen, C. Malik, T. Johnson-Salyard, C. Rizzo, M.P. Stone R. Shi, X. Zhang 10:20 16. Engineering a replicative DNA polymerase for specific 9:40 Intermission. damage bypass capability. T.A. Coulther, M.J. Ondrechen, P.J. Beuning 9:55 3. Dynamic visualization of signaling molecules in living cells. J. Zhang 10:40 17. Mechanism of ribonucleotide incorporation by human DNA polymerase Eta. Y. Su, M. Egli, F.P. Guengerich 10:40 Award Presentation. 11:00 18. Independent generation of 2'-deoxyadenosine-N6-yl radical 10:50 4. Seeing is believing: Fluorescent biosensors for redox and its reactivity in DNA. L. Zheng, M.
    [Show full text]
  • New Insights on the Role of Allyl Isothiocyanate in Controlling the Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne Hapla
    plants Article New Insights on the Role of Allyl Isothiocyanate in Controlling the Root Knot Nematode Meloidogyne hapla Paul Dahlin 1,* and Johannes Hallmann 2,* 1 Agroscope, Research Division, Plant Protection, Phytopathology and Zoology in Fruit and Vegetable Production, 8820 Wädenswil, Switzerland 2 Julius Kühn Institute, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, 38104 Braunschweig, Germany * Correspondence: [email protected] (P.D.); [email protected] (J.H.); Tel.: +41-58-480-84-87 (P.D.) Received: 31 March 2020; Accepted: 5 May 2020; Published: 9 May 2020 Abstract: Biofumigation, although a well-known method, is still controversially debated as a management strategy for plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN). Its controlling effect is attributed to the production of isothiocyanates (ITCs) following the action of myrosinase on glucosinolates (GSLs). Different ITCs are formed from different GSLs, depending on the plant species. To better understand the potential of ITCs, eight cultivars from three Brassicaceae species were investigated as biofumigation crops to control the root knot nematode Meloidogyne hapla. Since results were inconsistent, the nematicidal effect of selected ITCs were further evaluated in vitro. Based on its nematicidal potential, allyl ITC (AITC) was specifically investigated under different soil:sand compositions. A significantly lower nematicidal activity was observed in soil compared to sand. AITC was also evaluated as an additive to the biofumigation in a greenhouse trial. Its supplementation to the biofumigation process with Brassica juncea cv. Terrafit controlled M. hapla, while no control was observed using Raphanus sativus cv. Defender. Thus, the success of biofumigation seems to be strongly dependent on the soil characteristics and the ITC produced during the biofumigation process.
    [Show full text]
  • Defence Mechanisms of Brassicaceae: Implications for Plant-Insect Interactions and Potential for Integrated Pest Management
    Defence mechanisms of Brassicaceae: implications for plant-insect interactions and potential for integrated pest management. A review Ishita Ahuja, Jens Rohloff, Atle Magnar Bones To cite this version: Ishita Ahuja, Jens Rohloff, Atle Magnar Bones. Defence mechanisms of Brassicaceae: implications for plant-insect interactions and potential for integrated pest management. A review. Agronomy for Sustainable Development, Springer Verlag/EDP Sciences/INRA, 2010, 30 (2), 10.1051/agro/2009025. hal-00886509 HAL Id: hal-00886509 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00886509 Submitted on 1 Jan 2010 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Agron. Sustain. Dev. 30 (2010) 311–348 Available online at: c INRA, EDP Sciences, 2009 www.agronomy-journal.org DOI: 10.1051/agro/2009025 for Sustainable Development Review article Defence mechanisms of Brassicaceae: implications for plant-insect interactions and potential for integrated pest management. A review Ishita Ahuja,JensRohloff, Atle Magnar Bones* Department of Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Realfagbygget, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway (Accepted 5 July 2009) Abstract – Brassica crops are grown worldwide for oil, food and feed purposes, and constitute a significant economic value due to their nutritional, medicinal, bioindustrial, biocontrol and crop rotation properties.
    [Show full text]
  • Identification and Quantification of Glucosinolates in Korean Leaf Mustard Germplasm (Brassica Juncea Var
    Eur Food Res Technol (2016) 242:1479–1484 DOI 10.1007/s00217-016-2648-6 ORIGINAL PAPER Identification and quantification of glucosinolates in Korean leaf mustard germplasm (Brassica juncea var. integrifolia) by liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization/tandem mass spectrometry Heon Woong Kim1 · Ho Cheol Ko1 · Hyung Jin Baek1 · Soo Muk Cho1 · Hwan Hee Jang1 · Young Min Lee2 · Jung Bong Kim1 Received: 25 July 2015 / Revised: 11 January 2016 / Accepted: 29 January 2016 / Published online: 1 March 2016 © The Author(s) 2016. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract In the present investigation, glucosinolate con- Interestingly, sinigrin and gluconasturtiin were present tent was identified and quantified in 210 accessions of in higher content, and progoitrin was not detected signifi- Korean leaf mustard (Brassica juncea var. integrifolia) by cantly in the germplasm of Korean leaf mustard. In particu- a liquid chromatography (LC) with electrospray ioniza- lar, accession K046197 (purple) was found to show highest tion (ESI) coupled with a positive-mode ion trap tandem total DS-GSL content (23.2 mg/g DW). mass spectrometry (LC–ESI–MS/MS). Eleven individual GSLs including two new compounds were identified in Keywords Evaluation · Glucosinolates · Korean leaf the accessions using desulfo-glucosinolates (DS-GSLs) mustard germplasm · Brassica juncea var. integrifolia · LC–MS library, and they were elucidated by interpreting LC–ESI–MS/MS the fragmentation data ([M H-glucose]+) obtained. The + newly identified GSLs contained aliphatic and hydroxyl functional group in their back bone were named as 1-ethyl- Introduction 2-hydroxyethyl DS-GSLs (glucosisautricin) or 2-hydroxy- 2-methylpropyl DS-GSLs (glucoconringiin) and 3,4,5-tri- Generally, plants produce a variety of toxic and repellent methoxybenzyl DS-GSLs, respectively.
    [Show full text]