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Littoral, Activités Humaines Et Stratégie De Développement Durable : Cas Du Maroc

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Littoral, Activités Humaines Et Stratégie De Développement Durable : Cas Du Maroc Littoral, Activités humaines et stratégie de développement durable : Cas du Maroc Rapport préparé par A.CHAFIK/INRH pour le compte du Projet du Grand Ecosystème marin du Courant des Canaries (CCLME) mai 2014 Table des matières INTRODUCTION GENERALE.................................................................................................................- 1 - Chapitre I: Recensement et Évaluation des problèmes.........................................................................- 1 - Introduction...................................................................................................................................................- 2 - a) Nature et gravité des problèmes concernant .....................................................................................- 2 - i- Sécurité alimentaire et lutte contre la pauvreté ................................................................................- 2 - ii) Ressources côtières et marines et salubrité des écosystèmes (y compris la diversité biologique)- 3 - b) Les contaminants ....................................................................................................................................- 5 - i) Eaux usées................................................................................................................................................- 5 - ii) Les polluants organiques persistants .................................................................................................- 6 - iii) Métaux lourds .........................................................................................................................................- 7 - iv) Les hydrocarbures ..................................................................................................................................- 7 - v) Détritus et déchets..................................................................................................................................- 8 - c) Sources de dégradation .........................................................................................................................- 9 - i) Sources ponctuelles................................................................................................................................- 9 - a) Installations industrielles .....................................................................................................................- 9 - b) Extraction ...............................................................................................................................................- 10 - ii) Sources non ponctuelles......................................................................................................................- 11 - Érosion..........................................................................................................................................................- 11 - d) Les zones géographiques suscitant des préoccupations ...............................................................- 12 - i) Zones humides......................................................................................................................................- 12 - ii) Eaux marines .........................................................................................................................................- 12 - Littoral ..........................................................................................................................................................- 13 - iii) Zones marines et côtières spécialement protégées.........................................................................- 27 - iv) Zones conchylicoles .............................................................................................................................- 30 - v) Eaux de baignade..................................................................................................................................- 34 - Chapitre II : Définition des priorités......................................................................................................- 38 - Stratégie Nationale du Développement Durable au Maroc...............................................................- 39 - 1) Gouvernance .........................................................................................................................................- 40 - a) Axe 1 : renforcement du cadre juridique..........................................................................................- 40 - b) Axe 2 : renforcement du cadre institutionnel..................................................................................- 41 - c) Axe 3 : renforcement des mécanismes économiques et financiers..............................................- 41 - d) Axe 4 : renforcement du partenariat entre les opérateurs .............................................................- 41 - 2) Milieux environnementaux ................................................................................................................- 41 - a) Axe1 : gestion durable des ressources en eau..................................................................................- 42 - b) Axe 2 : intégration de la composante environnementale dans les plans de l’aménagement du territoire. ......................................................................................................................................................- 42 - c) Axe 3 : protection de la diversité biologique et des ressources naturelles ................................- 43 - d) Axe 4 : généralisation de la gestion écologique des déchets solides...........................................- 43 - e) Axe 5 : lutte contre la pollution de l’air ............................................................................................- 44 - f) Axe 6 : protection du littoral et du milieu marin ............................................................................- 45 - g) Axe 7 : protection des sols et appui à l’agriculture durable..........................................................- 45 - h) Axe 8 : protection du patrimoine culturel ........................................................................................- 46 - 3) Des mesures d’accompagnement.......................................................................................................- 46 - a) Axe 1 : fondements d’une culture environnementale civique .....................................................- 46 - b) Axe 2 : intégration de l’éducation environnementale dans le processus éducationnel...........- 47 - c) Axe 3 : qualification de l’élément humain pour garantir une gestion exemplaire de l’environnement .........................................................................................................................................- 47 - d) Axe 4 : développement de la recherche scientifique et valorisation des résultats ...................- 47 - e) Axe 5 : Traitement et publication des informations environnementales...................................- 47 - Chapitre III : Objectifs de gestion concernant les problèmes prioritaires .....................................- 48 - Chapitre IV : Identification, évaluation et choix des stratégies et mesures ....................................- 52 - Chapitre V : Critères permettant de déterminer l’efficacité des stratégies et des mesures ..........- 55 - 1) Forces motrices......................................................................................................................................- 56 - 2) Pressions ................................................................................................................................................- 56 - 3) États.........................................................................................................................................................- 56 - 4) Impacts ...................................................................................................................................................- 57 - 5) Réponses ................................................................................................................................................- 57 - Liste des IDD ..............................................................................................................................................- 57 - a) Forces motrices......................................................................................................................................- 57 - b) Pressions ................................................................................................................................................- 58 - c) États.........................................................................................................................................................- 58 - d) Impacts ...................................................................................................................................................- 58 - e) Réponses ................................................................................................................................................- 58 - Chapitre VI : Éléments d’appui aux Programmes ................................................................................- 59 - 1) Structures organiques favorisant la coordination entre secteur et organismes sectoriels ......- 60 - 2) Renforcement du cadre juridique .....................................................................................................-
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