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A History of the Dakota Or Sioux Indians

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1 A History of the Dakota or Sioux Indians by Doane Robinson 1904 2 CHAPTER I - Distinction Between Dakotan and Siouan * Indian Traditions Worthless * Speculations as to Origin of Name Sioux * Dakota * Earliest White Knowledge of Tribe * Home About Lakes of Northern Minnesota * Emigration to Prairies * Secession of the Assinoboins * Effect of Horses and Firearms CHAPTER II - French Contact * Radisson * Menard * Allouez * Marquette * Joliet * Discovery of Mississippi * Death of Marquette * LaSalle * Hennepin * Captured by Dakotas * Language, Habits and Customs * Medical Treatment * First Dakota Baptism * Duluth to the Rescue * French Trade * LeSueur's First Commission to Dakotas * Civil Organization of Dakotas in LeSueur's Time * Earliest Dakota Wars CHAPTER III - Character of Traders * How Trade was Conducted * Influence on Indians * Intermarriages * Two Hundred Fifty Years of Bloodmixing * Little Pure Blood Left * Effect on Character and Views * Early Maps * Corronellis * Hennepin * LeSueur * Intertribal Wars * French Interference * Post at Lake Pepin * War with Chippewas for Forty Successive Years * Verendrye Probably Visits South Dakota * Calling in Courier des Bois * Delusigan * Date of the Emigration from Big Woods * Carver's Visit * The Carver Grant * Tetons Go to Missouri and Yanktons Settle on James * The Crime of Ixatape * Wapasha's Heroic Sacrifice * Uncertain Soveriegnty Over Dakota Country CHAPTER IV - The Great War Between the Dakotas and Chippewas * Battle at Crow Wing * Battle at Shakopee * Bigg Marten's War * Old Chief Killed * The Yanktonais Take a Hand * Yellow Hair's Vengeance on the Wahpetons * War on the Chippewa River * Wapasha's Struggle for the Wisconsin Lands * Big Chippewa's Heroism * Little Crow Holds the St. Croix CHAPTER V - Lewis and Clark's Expedition * Pierre Durion Probably First Settler * Meet Yanktons at James River * Shake Hand's Speech * Strike the Ree Born * Arrive at Pierre * Black Buffalo Obstreperous * Great Council and Dance * Strange Customs * Police Regulations * Detained by Force * John Valle's Post CHAPTER VI - Pike's Visit * Calls on Redwing * Treaty with Little Crow * Prohibition * Winter with the Chippewas * Peace with Chippewas * Joe Rollette and Murdoch Cameron Violate Prohibition Law * Council at Prairie des Chien * Little Crow Made Head Chief * Game of LaCrosse * English Flags and Medals Delivered Up * Santees Favor English Trade * Americans and French Popular on Missouri * Black Buffalo Helps Rees Against Americans * The Astoria Expedition CHAPTER VII - War of 1812 * Dickson's Activity * Tecumseh and the Prophet * Their Influence Penetrates to Missouri * Like Messiah Craze * Joseph Renville Elists Dakotas * Red Thunder and Waneton * Wapasha's Loyalty Questioned * Refuses to Go East, but Sends His Nephew * Itasapa Balks and Brings Disaster to British * Events at Prairie du Chien * Tamaha the One Eye Sioux * Manuel Lisa's Patriotic Action * The Tetons Remain Loyal to America * Fur Trade Destroyed * England Makes Peace Without Regard to Dakotas' Interests 3 CHAPTER VIII - Settling Up the War * Treaties at St. Louis * Death of Black Buffalo * Oration of Big Elk * Little Crow and Wapasha not in Evidence * Visit to Drummond Island in 1816 * What Occurred There * What Little Crow and Wapasha Reported had Occurred There upon Their Return CHAPTER IX - Waneta Wins Greatest Honors in 1812 War * Story of His Life * Sun Dance * Anecdote of the Bear's Claws * Personal Appearance * Feasts Major Long * Removes to Missouri River * Protectorate of Rees * Great Treaty Maker * Trader's Estimate of Him * Something of His Father, Red Thunder or Shappa * Peace with Chippewas * Flatmouth's Suspicion * Treachery of Shappa * Flatmouth's Revenge CHAPTER X - The Little Crow Dynasty * Four Little Crows Known to History * Chatan Wakoowamani * American Made Chief, Described by Schoolcraft * Liked by Forsyth * Talks of Indian Warfare * Not a Dangerous Pastime * Mr. Pond's Figures * Little Crow Goes to Washington with Faliaferro * Signs Treaty of 1825 * Dies About 1827 * Succeeded by His Son, Big Eagle * Industry of Big Eagle * Good Example * Sons Killed by Chippewas * Leaves Their Corpses to be Scalped * Meets with Fatal Accident * Parting Admonition to His Son Taoyatiduta, Little Crow, Jr. CHAPTER XI - The Wapashas * A Long Line of the Name * Wapasha of the Revolution * Wapasha of 1812 * Serves the English * A Man of Sense and Modesty His Son Joseph * Other Indians of Note * Tamaha, the One-Eyed Sioux * His Loyalty to the Americans * Redwing, Another Dynastic Name * Shakopee, Whose Name Means Six CHAPTER XII - Major Long's First Expedition up the Mississippi, 1817 * Witnesses Bear Dance at Winona * Wazzacoota's Romances * Lover's Leap * Tragedy of the Falls * The Two Redwings * Little Crow's Village * Topographical Survey of Mississippi from Prairie du Chien to St. Anthony CHAPTER XIII - Summary of Events Following the War * Robert Dickson Again in Trade * The Selkirk Colony * Leavenworth Lays Foundation of Fort Snelling * Forsyth Pays an Old Debt to the Dakotas * The Redwings not Liked * High Opinion of Wapasha and Little Crow * Leavenworth's Attempt to Make Peace Between Dakotas and Chippewas * Visit of Cass * Reconnoissance from Council Bluffs to Snelling * Killing of Poupin and Andrews * Iron Friend and His Father Surrender * Waneta's Conspiracy Revealed * War with the Crows * Joseph Renville's Columbia Fur Company * Trade on the Missouri * Ree War * New Treaties Contemplated CHAPTER XIV - The Treaties of 1825 * Taliaferro, Indian Agent * Takes Dakotas to Prairie du Chien * Beautiful Entry of Flotilla of Canoes * Opposition of Traders * The Boundary Treaty * Its Provisions * Famous Dakotas Sign * Trade and Intercourse Treaties on Missouri * Personnel of Expedition * Treaty of Fort Lookout * Treaty of Fort Tecumseh * Waneta Signs * Other Signers * Visit to Medicine Rock * Fourth of July at Pierre * Success of the Treaty Enterprise * British Shut Out from American Trade. CHAPTER XV - Fort Snelling Fails In Its Purpose of Preserving Peace Between Dakotas and Chippewas * Massacre under its Walls * Arrest of the Miscreants * The Chippewas' Revenge * The Storey of Joseph Snelling * Comment by General Sibley * Snelling Blameworthy * Indian Stoicism Exemplified 4 CHAPTER XVI - Dakotas Threaten Hostilities * A Severe Winter * Many Sissetons Perish * Wakpekutes Move to Cannon River * Trading Post on the Elm * Wapasha Sells Timber * Gibson Loses His Cattle * Missionary Reconnoissance * Boundary Treaty of 1830 * Taliaferro Again Defeats Traders * The Neutral Strip Reserved * Sissetons Massacred by Sacs * Black Hawk War * Wapasha Takes a Hand for the Government * Follows and Destroys Black Hawk's Refugees * General Atkinson Justly Reproached * Catlin Visits the Dakotas * Comment upon His Work and Reliability CHAPTER XVII - Coming of the Missionaries * Revolution in Methods * The Pond Brothers * Dr. Williamson and Family * Mr. and Mrs. Stephens * The Ponds Near the Fort * Williamsons Settle at Lac qui Parle * Discouraging Beginnings * Arrival of the Riggs * Translation of the Bible and Making of the Grammar and Dictionary * Laying Deep and Broad Foundations * Swiss Missionaries * The Methodists under Dr. Brunson * Rev. S. W. Pond's Record of Indian Wars from 1835 to 1845 CHAPTER XVIII - A New Treaty and Another Victory for Taliaferro * Wisconsin Pine Lands Relinquished * Nicollet and Fremont Visit the Pipestone Quarry * Sibley's Hunting Party on the Neutral Strip * Police Regulations Very Strict * Power of the Soldiers' Lodge * A Perilous Night in Camp * Nicholette and Fremont at Fort Pierre * Fremont Offered a Wife * Hunting Party on the Cheyenne CHAPTER XIX - Missionary Visits to Fort Pierre * Dr. Riggs and Mr. Huggins Hold Service There in 1840 * Adventure With Hostile Indians on the Way * Dr. Riggs' Estimate of the Dakota Population * Father Ravoux Visits Fort Pierre and Fort Vermillion * Killing of Drover Watson * Military Expedition Against Sissetons * Death of Joseph Renville * Sketch of His Career * Removal of the Winnebagoes to the Reservation Between the Sioux and Chippewas CHAPTER XX - The Affairs on the Missouri * Successive Indian Agents * Inkpaduta on the Missouri * Payment of Annuities * The Scare at Crow Creek * Joe LaBarge's Boat Attacked by Yanktonais * Father DeSmet Among the Dakotas * Red Fish and His Lost Daughter * Father Hoecken and His Death * Influence of Father DeSmet CHAPTER XXI - Minnesota Territory Created * Governor Ramsey Recognizes Wamundiyakapi * Inkpaduta Appears on the Stage of Action * Pressure for More Land * Negotiations for the Sioux Lands in Minnesota * Commissioner Brown's Letter of Instructions to the Commissioners to Negotiate Treaty * Lea and Ramsey Meet Sissetons and Wahpetons at Traverse des Sioux * Thunderbird Dance * The Treaty Made and Signed * Its Terms * Large Cash Payment * Treaty of Mendota * Similar to that of the Traverse * Trouble Relating to Education Fund Adjusted * Claims of the Traders * Secure Power of Attorney from Indians Through Fraud * Agencies Established on the Minnesota * Story of Wamdesapa, Inpaduta's Father * Inkpaduta Claims Part of Treaty Money CHAPTER XXII - California Trail Disturbs Tetons * Hostility and Many Emigrants Killed * Mitchell Proposes Treaty with Plains Tribes * Great Assembly of Indians near Laramie in 1851 * Incidents of the Council * Scarcity of Provisions * Treaty Made * California Trail to be Respected by Indians * Paid for Right of Way * Father DeSmet Takes a Hand * Another Instance of His Influence and Usefulness
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