FOREST STATISTICS FOR GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON
FROM THE INVENTORY PHASE OF THE FOREST SURVEY
"" .
U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREST SERVICE PACIFIC NORTHWEST FOREST AND RANGE EXPERIMENT STATION STEPHEN . N. WYCKOF'F', DIRECTOR
H. J. ANDREWS, IN CHARGE OF' F'OREST SURVEY R. W. COWLIN, ASSISTANT WILLIAM E. SANKELA, IN CHARGE OF' F'IELD AND OF'F'ICE WORK IN GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY
PORTLAND, OREGON JULY 25, li38 SD 14 4 . ~Y.? u fo 13 FIGURE I \-' r· ''
OUTLINE MAP
OF
GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY
WASHINGTON
1938
LEGEND D SAW TIMBER QUINAULT INDIAN D SECONQ GROWTH DEFORESTED CUTOVERS D AND BURNS NONCOMMERCIAL FORESTS D AND NONFOREST LAND
/ SCALE
/ 0 10 I~ MILES /
N FOREST STATISTICS FOR GRAYS HARBOR COuNTY, WASHINGTON
By Wm . E. SankelaY
An inventory of the forests of Grays Ha.rbor County, Washington, was first made by the Forest Service in 1932 as a part of a national survey of forest resources. Results of this inventory were summa rized in a statistical report issued in 1954. In the fall of 1957 the inventory was brought up-to-d ~ te through field examination and office recompilation. Adjustments were made for all changes in forest types and merchantable timber volume due to depletion by cutting and fire, the restocking of deforested cutover and burned land, and tr&nsfer of ownersltip of forest land since the original inventory. Also adjust ments due to more intensive fi..eld work, changed economic standards, and other factors were made. Statistics resulting from the 1957 re vised inventory are presented in this report which supersedes the one issued in 1954. Methods used in the survey .and detailed definitions of types are described in an expl&12~tory text entitled "The Forest SUrvey of the Douglas Fir Region",E/ which should be read in connec tion with this report.
Location and Description of County
Located in the west-central part of Washington, the county bor ders on the Pacific Ocean f9r approximately 50 miles north and south and extends inland from 50 to 50 miles. It is roughly L-shaped and has a total.land areu. of 1,225,510 acres. In the southwest part lies Grays Harbor ~fter which the county was named (figure 1).
Y The field and office wol'k of the forest survey of Grays. Harbor County was done by Wm. E. Sankela, P.A. Briegleb, M.J. Lauridsen, Claude Kerr, B.C. Baker, A.W. Hodgman, E.D. Buell, Paul Logan, E.J. Hanzlik, B.H. Pe.yne, D.J. Kirkpatrick, and P.N. Pratt. g/ Oregon and Washington were divided ·for purposes of the survey into two regions, (1) the Douglas fir region, consisting of the.t purt of both St11tes west of the summit of the Ce.scade Range, and (2) east ern Oregon nnd eastern Washington, that part of both States east of the surnrni t of the Cascc.de Rane;e. Regional reports will be is sued which will present and discuss findings for each region as a whole. The regional reports will include nn interpretation of the forest survey dc.ta as related to other economic do.tn. nnd c:: com prehensive analysis of the regional forest situation from both :::.. physical and .:m economic stc.ndpoint. The bulk of the county is Cl.ra:i.ned by rivers that &re tribut.cry to Grays Hc.rbor. The Chehalis, the largest river, enters the county in the extreme southeast ·~oruer e.nd flows northwesterly to Grays H.:,rbor to drain most of the southern pl'.rt of tne county. It is nnviea ble to river boa ts fOl~ & distarwe of <"l::. out 2:S l'liles nbovB its mouth. The principal tr1butc.rios, the S:' tsop, Wynoochee, ::.nd Wi3hka.ll Rivers, c~ ll ru~~ng in the Olympic Mount.::..ins, £'low south to dr .~ in tho northet:ts tern part of the county. Drain.-::.ge of tho we::;tern pe.rt is to t he Hoqui&m &nd Hurnptulips Rivers w!lich empty directly into Gr~;yo Harbor, c,.nd the Quinault Riv'3r wh:Leh flows into the ocean. Nortn River in the extrerJe southern part of the cour.ty is tributary to Will<-pa Hn.rbor in PD.cific County.
Th'.::! topobrap.hy varies from rolling to :nou."ltD.inous terrain. North of Grr.ys Ha:rbor DXld west of the Humptulips Riv~r is an undulatinp; bench extendin ~ to the northern 1Jotmdc.ry of the county and cut by numerous streams. The inter:ior of the county is more rugged. The flat rounded div.i.deA betweo:;;n the !T!u. in tribut.:lries of the Chehalis erc·.dually increase in eleva tion and roue;hne~:;s to merge :,at~wr suddenly vii th the Olympic Mmmtains in the: northern pnrt of t.h~J county. The topogr!lphy of the southern part of the county is mol,'" pronoun0od.
Grays ED. rbor County h.;,s c.. very he.:.vy preci~ita.tion. At Aberdeen rnd along tile coast the r:.veregc r.11mmll raj nf'nll is usually o.bove 80 incl.tes, and. j_n sor!1t~ y\.)arG h~:s t;xcoed\:..U 100 incnes. In thG no rt~c:.rn pnrt of the county r~dnf~:>.ll :L ~::: grenter. 1\t, Loke Quinault in tlw foothills of the Ol;ym~ic illount<. Orig1n&.1ly ti~c co,mty m:·.~ c.l!Y!ost entirely covered with dense foresto of l o.rge trees. vYe otern ~nei,< 1.oc 1 ~, Si.tko. spruce, tmd western red cede.r wera t~ie predor::ino.nt species in t:1e ~~ reas of hign precipitation &long the co::..st, in the 01y1.1pic Moun ·c .~ ' ins, end in tho southwestern por tion of t ~1e county. In tLe drier cen~~raJ. m1d eastern portion,:; Douglas fil~ wa s the: kcJ spocio;:;. Novr ::tfter many years of forest exploit[.ttion lurge ['.roa 5 of virr.;in fo-rests l:'.rc li ~-:li te ·----·------ '§) Locntion o.nd extent of forest t ;ypeE; are shoV'm by Forest Survey type maps. Infornation r e;urt1:ing l-inch-to-the--milo county typo maps and }-inch-to-the--mile li chographed S·t; c:. te type; maps anc:t hm;r tht~y may be obtc.:i.necl will be furnished upon reque::t. Address Director, Pacific Northwest Forest ~md Ronge Expe1,in0nt Station, 42:5 U. S. Court House, Portland, Ore€,:. - ·~~ - In the 1937 inventory u total of 1,149,485 acres was classified as forest land. This is approximately 94 percent of the county's total land area. Saw-Timber Type[ Coniferous forest types of saw-timber size (20 inches or more d.b.h.) occupy a total of 438,180 acres or about 38 percent of the total fore::st 1.2Ild area. Western hemlock stands (type 14) occupy 235,160 acres or over one--half of the total area of merch.2Ilto.ble types. This type covers nearly all of the virgin forest area thnt lies southec.st of Grnys Harbor, predominates on the lower slopes of the Olympic Mountdns in the north ern portion of the county, and occurs as sm:J.ll scattered stands ?tlong the co n.s t immedi.:.tely north of Grays Harbor. These l.s.tter st~mds and some of those in the southern portion have been selectively logged; in ::pproxime.tely 24 percent of t he totD.l crea of the type the high-quality trees havo been removed. Western red cedar (type 17) ranks second in area of saw-timber types. It covers a total nroCJ. of 91,795 acres and is the predominating type throughout nearly ell of the Quinault Indian Reserv2tion where it occurs on poorly druined soil of low site quality. Smaller c.reas of this type occur on moist site:.; in the Olympic Mountains and o.long the coast. Old-growth Douglas fir, over 40 inches in d.b.h. (type 6), once the predominant typt; over a large portion of the county's area, now oc cupies a total area of only 49,900 acres. Tho most ext8nsive Fir-mountain hemlock stands (type 25) are limited to the north-· eastern part of the county wher.J t~ cy occupy en area of 59,615 acres of the upper slopes of the Olym~ic Mountains. Silver fir is the principal species in the type and compriGes the majority of the merchantable vol ume. Associated species include mountain he:mlock, western hemlock, Alaska cedar, western v:hite pine, ond alpine fir. Sto.nds of old--growth Sitkn spruce (type 11), small old-growth Douglas fir (type 7), nnd second-growth Douglas fir (type 8) occupy a relatively small acreo.ge in the county. Ir:unature Types F'orest types of less than savr-timber size cover 576,690 acres, or approximately 55 percent of the forost land o.rea. of the county. These immature stands occur chiefly on logged-off land; the area of old burns that is occupied by them is only about 17,000 acres. Types in which the mo.jority of the trees nre from 6 to 20 or 24 inches in d.b.h. cover~ area of 155,500 acres, 65 percent of which is -5 occupied by second-growth western hemlock, 29 percent by smD.ll second growth Douglc.s fir, 5 percent by second-growth western red cedar, o.nd the reme.ining 1 percent by second-growth Sitkn spruce. The ureD. occupied by the small reproduction types, in which the majority of the trees are less than 6 inches in d.b.h. totals 221,190 El.cres. Douglas fir is the prc:dominating species on 61 percent of this area, western hemlock on 54 percent, western red cedar on 4 percent, end Sitka spruce on the remaining 1 percent. The :to~king of the i~1ature stands is fair; on approximately one half of the ereD occupied by them the stocking is of medium clc.ssifico.tion, end on one-fourth ea ch it iG of good and poor classific<:.tion. Table 4 shows the distribution of the stocking and c.ge clas:.Jes of the immature types. Hardwoods Although red alde~ occuxs throughout practically all parts of the county as £1.!1 underr;tory tre0 in coniferous stands, it. forms a type only along the moist stream coursos. Bigleo.f mc.ple and black cottonwood occur in tho county but thoir ra.:::lgG is much more limited th~.n thc..t of red elder. Hardwood stDnd~ of st<.w-timber size (12 inches or more in d.b.h.) occupy an area of 9,085 acres and immature stands 57,010 acres. In prac tically all of these stands red alder is the predominant species • . Noncommercial !Ypcs Only .2 smcll part of th•:: forest land of the county is too ro~ky, steep, or sterile to grow merchootabJ.e timber, 5 percent of the totr.l forest la...11d area be:ing classified as noncomme:rciaJ. type by the surVfJY. Mont of the land so classifioL1 lies in the Quino.ul t Indio.n Reservation and. is too poorly droineJ to .3upport good tree growth. Def'orosted and Nonforest L::;nds Included in the broad cc:tegory of "deforested lands" is the nonre stocked cutove~n (cut prior to 1930), recent cutovers (cut since 1930), end deforested burns. Of tr.ess t:1ree types the first, nonresto~ked cut overs, occupies by fnr the lorgest area, 156,170 acres. In t:Oe 1937 inventory this type wus divided into two subtypes, 55~, urens cut prior to 1920, ~.::nd 35b, crens cut t.etween 1920 and I9~9, inclusive. The latter subtype includes about 72 percent of the area of nonrestoc: Areas typed as recent cutovers !!lay or may not be restocked. Be co.use of the short elc.pse of time since a large portion of the lands have been logged, it was not thought fer..sibla to examine:; cmd map the:: degree of stocking of the repr-oduction. -4 Deforested burns occupy on area of onJ.y 770 acres, an unusual cir cumstance in tho counties in the Douglas fir region. This by no means indicates that the connty is free from Hre drunage. Thousands of acres of cutover land are burned over practically every year end this is the chief contributing factor to the nonrestocked condition of cutover lands. Clearing of forest land for agriculture and town sites has greatly increased the original area of nonforest land in the county. A total of 47,420 acres is now devoted to agriculture and there is on area of 26,605 acres in barrens, tidelo.nd, natural grascla.nd, or within the boundaries of cities and towns. Productive Capacity of Forest Land The forest lands of' Grays Harbor County arEJ well above tht< average of the Douglas fir region in thelr capacity for growing timber. In the survey the produetiveness of forest lands was measured by their capacity to grow Douglas fir and five site classes were recotJlh:. ed (table 5). Seventy-six percent of the commercial coniferous forest land is in the upper two classes, sites I and II. In comparison only ebout one-third of the conunercial forest lands of western Wcshi.ngton arc so clas~Ji .fied. Site III, the r.1edian site, mc.kes up 15 percent of the totr.l, while the two poorest, sites IV and V, cg~Tegate 11 percent of the commercial con iferous forest lands. The bulk of the poorer sites are concentrated in the Olympic National Forest and the Quinault Indian Reservation. Saw-Timber Volume The volume of merchantable saw ti.mber in the county, by species and ownership class, is shown 1n table 1 and figure 2. Of the total stand of 17 billion board feet, log scale, all but about 105 nillion feet is coniferous. Eleven coniferous and three hardwood species r.re included in the estimate. Western hemlock greatly predominates, composing approx imately 48 percent of the total volume. Of the other important commer cial species, Douglas fir ronks next composing about 18 percent, fol lowed closely by western red cedar 16 pnrcent, silver fir 10 percent, and Sitka spruce 6 percent. Approx.inw.tely 68 percent of the hardwood volume is of red alder. Forest Ownership A large portion of the forest land in the county is in private ownership. Approximately 64 percent of the total area of 1,149,485 acres is privately owned, 15 percent is in Indian ownership, and 14 per cent is in national forest O¥>'l1erahip. The rem&.ining 7 percent is in the other public ownership classes of State, county, municipal, and Federal other than nctional forest. Of thG saw-timber volwne ~bout 44 percent is privately owned, 56 percent is ln nationc.l forest ovmership, and 17 pcjrcent is in Indian ownership. OvGr one-half of th8 old-growth Douglas fir nnd Sitka spruce -5 volume and about one-third of the western red cednr volume is on private lanes. Economic Development Settlement in Grays Harbor County has been chiefly limited to t he area adjoining Grays Harbor and to the broad Chehnlis River Valley. In dustri~l development has centered on the harbor because of oceun shipping facilities, &nd over one-half of the county's population is in the two industric:.l cities of Aberdeen and Hoquiw. located at the eo.stern end of the harbor. Accordine to the Bureau of the Census the population of Aberdeen in 1950 was 21,725 and that of Hoquiam 12,766. Most of the agricultural larJ.ds lie in the Chehalis River Valley and the bulk of the rem&inder of the county's population is found here on the farms and in the towns of Montesano, the county sent, Elma, and Oakville. The settled part of the county is well served by transportation facilities. Three standard State highwayc radiate from Aberdeen to con nect that city directly with Olympia , Centralia, Raymond, and the Olympic Loop Hi ghway around the Olympic Peninsula. Numerous secondary roads traverse tha agricultural areas. Three transcontinental rcilronds serve the county, terminating a.t Aberdeen. Branch lines from Aberdeen cr,ive rail service to the settled areas north and south of Grays Harbor. An other branch ascends North River. Grays Harbor is a port for ocean-going vessels. For.est Industries The mmmfecture of lumber is the foremost induGtry of Grays Hc.rbor County. In the latter part of the decade from 1920 to 192~, inclusive, over a billion feet of lumber per year was produced. Since 1950 the pro duction has declined, the output VB.rying from about 200 to 500 million feet, lun1ber tally, per year. At present the mills of the county have a cc.pncity of 3.2 million feet of lur~ber in an 8-hour duy. Second in vaJ.ue to lumber is the output of the plywood nnd veneer industry which has on annual installed c t:. p ~c i ty of e. bout 202 million square feet of 5-ply, three-eighths inch plyv10od. This industry is chiefly dependent on a supply of l ttrge old-growth Douglas fir a.nd Sitka spruce logs. The wood pulp nnd paper industry ranks next in value of product. There is one pulp mill on Grays Harbor with an annual produc tion of about 90,000 tons of pulp :md 19,000 tons of paper. Other wood using plnnts in the county include shingle :nills, door o.nd furniture f actories, and wood-specialty plDnts . Logging operations that supply the mills are scattered throughout several parts of the county. In the northeast two or three large com panies nre operating in Douglas fir stands on private o.ncl national for est lnnds. In the northwest several operations are concentrated in or near the Quinnult Indian Reservation; cutting Douglas fir, ht:mlock, nnd cedar on both privnte lr:..nds and Indian allotments. Some of these -6 companies s.lso operate a shingle r.~ill in connection with t he logging. There is one large opE:ration in the southea st part of the county cutting Douglas fir. However, t iliG oper a tion is nenrly cut out. In the her:llock zone ~1 outh of Grays Harbor there c.rc two f airly 1 .2 rgo operation s. ..~ost of the l nrge logging co;npanios in the county opcrc.t e their ovm r ni.lroad nlthou&"h n few use the common carriers. In nddition to the rcdl oper a tions there ore a number of truck operations loeging chiefly in he!l'~ock stands nec.r Grays Harbor. Minor forest products of the county include cc scnr a b0.:rk , sword fern, ond Christn.a s trees. Of these cnscara bark is of greatest impor- trulCe. It is eAtimnted that the annual production is from 500 to 600 tons of dry bark. Although ~aturc cascnra trees are now found only in the more ina cce ssible parts of th0 county, young trees have come in on sone of the cutover lands ru1d help maintain the production of bar k . In the 1957 survey it was found that about one-sixth of the total area of the n:.mrestocked cutov£:r lands cut prior to 1920 und thCJse clear cut betneen 1920 and 1950 were restocked with ca scara. Where the spe cies oc curred over an r.rea of suffi ci . ~ nt size to map the uvernF,:e stand wc..s about 20 trees to the a cre. Commercial picking of sword ferns is also en industry of consider o. ble iTiportruJ.ce in parts of tho county. About 300 to 400 carlouds of the fronds are shipped rumuc.lly from Aberdeen and Chehalis in adjoining Lewis County. The ferns ar;3 found on moist, shady siteR under virgin timber stands. Ac:cordine to the Bureau of the Census figures for 1930 there was a total of 27,071 persons gainfully fsmployed in the county, of ~·.r hich ap proximately 42 percent was employed in forestry, which includes l ogging, pulpwood cutting, fire patr~l, and other kinds of woods work, saw and plt'.ning mills, pulp ·3.11d paper mills, and other woodwork1ng and furniture pl ~:mts. In addition to this portion of the population that is directly dependent on the forest indu st:des, pr·acticftlly ~11 of the r emainder of the popula tion is indirectly .:1-spendent. Agriculture Agriculture is an industry of secondary importance in the: county. Only 47,420 acres, or approximately 4 per·cent of the county's tote-1 ],and area, is now in agriculturr.,l use. A recent lund use reconno.iss::mceY classified 111,350 ecres, or 9 percent, as suitable for agriculture; the remainder was classified as fores·t l and. Dairying end the production of hay, smt:.ll grains t:tnci veeetc.bles are the principal farm t:t ctivit:i.cs. 1/ A Reconnaissance Land Use Classification of Gro.ys Ho.rbo:r County, Wa.sh ington, Decenber 1956. Ruscttlement Administration Reeion 11. -'7 Bureau of the Census figures for 1950 show a total of 1,290 persons gainfully employed in agriculture in the county. Trends in the Forest Situation A comparison of the data obtained in the original inventory in 195?. and those obtained in the inventory of 1957 offers n good opportunity to trace the trend of certain phases of the forest situation in the county. Depletion The total depletion of merchnntable saw-timber volume due to cut ting from 1955 to 1957, inclusive, was approximately 2.7 billion board feet, log scale, an average cut of 540 million board feet per year. Th1ring this period the volume of Douglas fir was reduced approximately 1.5 billion board feet, this sp~cias furnishing over one-half of the total cut. Eighty-seven percent of the Douglas fir cut came from lands in private ownership and the total volume of the species in this owner ship class was reduced more than one-half in the 5-yec.r period. The total volume of Douglas fir in all ownership classes decreased approxi mately 3'5 percent in the same period. Practically all of the cut of this species was of old-growLh timber more than 40 inches in d.b.h. The volume of western hemlock was reduced by approximately 740 million board feet and that of Sitka spruce by 525 million board feet. The bulk of the rem.::.inder of the cutting depletion was of western red ceder and silver fir. Depletion of merchantable volume in saw-timber stands due to agencies other than cutting was negligible during the 5 year period. Timber Supply Analysis of the cutting depletion of the past 5 years forecasts an impending decline in lumber production from old-growth Douglas fir in the county. On the basis of the average annual cut for this period, the supply of old-growth Douglas fir on lands in private ownership would be eY.haustcd in about 4 years and on lands in all ownerships in about 8 years. However, sever~LL factors considerably alter this estimate. Of the large logging companies that have furnished a major part of the Douglas fir cut during the past 5 years, two -have entirely liquidated their holdings in the county and ceased logging and a third has cut most of its timber in the county and is at present operating largely in adjoining counties. Most of the remaining Douglas fir saw-timber vol ume in private ovmership ls concentrc.ted in the holdings of two large companies. One of these trannports its logs to the Puget Sound area, thus reducing the volume of lumber produced in Grays Harbor County. Al thoueh truck loggers operating in scattered remnant stands of old-growth Douglas fir will help maintain the present cut, the supply of the species is limited and present rate of cutting w~ll be curtailed in the relatively near future. -8 The growing scarcity of higher-grade Douglas fir logs is of vital importance to the plywood plants of the county which have c.bout 27 per cent of the instelled cnpacity of the plyv1ood industry in Washington and Oregon. In order to supply these plants it has been necessary to im port 11 considerable volume of "peeler" logs from the Columbia River dis trict. Selective logging of the remaining stands of old-growth Douglas fir in the county will help to maintain the supply of logs suitable for plywood manufacture. Reforestation In generul cutover lands logged prior to 1920 have become better restocked than those logged since 1920. In the 1952 inventory it was found that nonrestocked lands cut prior to 1920 amounted to approximately 50,000 acres which was 16 percent of the area logged up to that date. In the 1957 inventory the area of cutover land logged durine the decnde 1920-1929 that was found to be nonrestocked totaled 115,100 acres or about 45 percent of the area logged during the decade. Although a considerable c.creage of the more recent cutover lnnd has been sw}pt by recurring fires that killed the reproduction, a change in logging methods was no doubt largely responsible for the incre~. se in the area of nonrestocked cutover land. Earlier logging in the county was by the ground-lead system, whereas since about 1916 the high-lead system has been in general use. This latter system,which results in clear-cut ting, destroys the advance reproduction and iirunature trees that might provide a source of seed. Because of the large scale of several of the logging operations in the county during the last two decades clear-cut areas of 20,000 acres or more in extent with practically no seed trees have resulted. This is particularly true in the Douglas fir zone of the central and eastern portions of the county where 65 percent of the total area of 159,000 acres logged during the decade 1920-1929 is nonrestocked, 24 percent is poorly stocked, and only on 15 percent are the coniferous reproduction stands satisfactorily restocked. In the foe belt along the coast where western hemlock is predominant, 45 percent of the 60,000 acres logged during the decade 1920-1929 is nonrestocked, 50 percent is poorly stocked, and 27 percent is satisfactorily reforested. Small islands of immature hemlock stands loc&ted throughout many of these non restocked areas are a source of seed supply and chances of reseeding are fairly favorable. Growth The present rate of growth of the forests of the county is much less than thet possible under intensive forest management. On the basis of data obtained in the 1952 inventory the current annual growth, which may be defined as the ennual increment of the forests in their present condition, was found to be 96 million board feet or about one-sixth of the average annual cutting depletion. The potential annual growth, which is the average annual increment that could be obtained on the whole of the county's commercial f orest land through intensive forest m~nagemcnt, -9 wc.s computed from datu obtnined in the 1957 inventory and found to be 476 n;illion board feet. Changes in Forest Ownership There hc.s been little change in ownership of forest Janel in the county in the past 5 years. Principc.l transfers were from State to priv~te ownership or from private to State ownership. The State has sold the merchantable timber on severl:!l thousand acres to private logeing com panies but hils rctnined title to the land. During the same period ap proxinately 18,000 acres of privntely owned cutover lnnd has been acquired by the State through gift or the issuance of utility bonds. Although the area of privately owned cutover land that is tnx delinquent is increasing yearly no tax foreclosure by the county has been made during the last 5 years. In 1956 a total of approximately 180,000 o.cres was subject to tax foreclosure. Conclusion Grays Harbor County, lone one of the leading lumber producinrr areas of the Pacific Northwest, is now faced with the serious problem of rapidly diminishing old-eroV'rth forests and n consequent drying up of the source of raw mn.terinls f or its princip~:1 1 industries, as well as non restocking and tax delinquency of vnst areas of cutover lands resulting fror.t a long period of forest exploitation. Under the present rate of cutting the supply of old-growth Douglas fir saw-timber in the county will soon be exhausted nnd alrec..d~r high-gre.de Douglas fir logs nre being imported to keep some of the ::tills in the county opcrr.ting. Althou1;h the forest lends of the c:ounty nrc of high site quality and capable of producing a high r ate of forest growth, a large acreage is ut present deforested and standing idle. Public o?mership of these idle lands through tax foreclosure is probuble. Solution of the serious problem lies in improved loggine prc. ctices, ud8quate fire protection, rehabilitation of idle cutover land, stable mmership of forest land, nnd a permanent plan of forest 1:1anugement. - 10 FOREST STATISTICS FOR GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON FROM INVENTORY PHASE OF FOREST SURVEY TABLE 1. VOLUIIE OF TIIIBER BY SPECIES AtiD 0\VNEHSHI P CLASS DATA CORRECTED TO DECEUBER I, 1937 TREES 16" AND MORE IN D.B.H • .!l TliOUSANDS Or BOARD rCET, LOG SCALE, SCRIBNER RULE FEDERAL STATE SUR-: INDIAN, PUBLIC NATIONAL FOREST VEY : SPECIESY PRIVATE AVAILABLE RESERVED COUNTY MUNICIPAL TRIBAL AND: DDMA IN RESERVED RAILROAD AVAILABLE RESERVED TOTAL syu-: FOR FROU TRUST AVAILABLE FROM SELECT I ON FOR FROM BOL CUTTING CUTTING ALLOTUENTS :FOR CUTTING: CUTT I NQ.!l PENDING CUTTING CUTTING DA I LARGE OL~ROWTH DOUGLAS FIR I 1,256,362 27,525 I 138 302 114,174 2,227 I 32,246 I ,033,567 47,404 I 2,515,945 DB SMALL OL~ROWTH DOUGLAS FIR 74,728 I ,635 8 18 7,155 I 132 I ,915 136,216 3,490 225,297 DC I LAROE SECOND-GROWTH DOUGLAS FIR 236,747 12,138 I,797 270 13 I ,120 II ,625 10,958 274,668 00 1 SUALL SECOND-GROWTH DOUGLAS FIR 28,710 3 1 202 I 4,474 10,679 I 3 34 2,096 I 7,475 56,673 SA 1 LAROE SITKA SPRUCE 562,467 I 41,702 I, 148 I 11 189 I 1,023 I 238,664 I ,085 1 450 I 110,979 I 86,978 I I ,045,685 SB I SMALL SITKA SPRUCE 138,384 I 7,403 I 202 I 268 I 181 42,404 I 192 : 79 2 : 169,115 HA 1 LARGE WESTERN HEULOCK I 3, 156,175 I 237,199 I I ,096 I 9,711 I 27,838 630,799 I 476 I ,528 I 23,700 2, 146, 139 I 201,281 6,435,947 HB SUALL WESTERN HEMLOCK I 11 133,847 I 67,273 I 470 I 5,438 5,962 69,562 I 41 133 I 4,183 378,865 I 35,520 I ,701,294 IIH 1 MOUNTAIN HEMLOCK 2 639 I 7 360 I 9999 C 1 WESTEHN RED CEDAR, LIVE 675,537 I 46,664 I 132 8,630 I 227 I 1,057,557 265 I 1,004 I 4 1 078 I 463,167 I 61 1 866 I 2,319,127 KC WESTERN RED CEDAR, DEAD 13,024 I 11 412 I 257 I 366,686 I 235 I 20 I 15,694 I 411 I 397,739 YC 1 ALASKA CEDAR LIVE 3 375 I 3 462 I 6 837 i WESTERN WHITE PINE 13,145 1,067 331 592 I 6,243 I 3,813 57,860 LP I LODGEPOLE PINE 434 I 391 4 756 I I 233 WF I LOWLAND WHITE FIR 681 342 I I 007 I I 417 Nf I NOBLF. FIR 43481 4348 A 1 SILVER FIR 61 074 I 7 457 I 224 127 650 I ,226,979 1 164 351 I 704 638 RA 1 RED ALDER 50 008 I 2 131 I 4 129 10 12 900 5 I 14 I 5 126 I 589 I 70 921 BC I BLACK COTTONWOOD 8,280 I 30 968 730 10 008 011 : BIQLEAF MAPLE 12 211 I 814 I 4 57 I 12 6 553 6 16 I 2 573 I 5 I 24 251 TOTAL 7,447,549 457,652 I 4,053 26 1 134 I 40,047 I 2,817,216 I 3 1 155 I 4,207 I 68,480 I 5,548,016 635,693 I 17,003,002 .!/ TREES Or HARDWOOD SPECIES TAKEN FROM 12" AND UORE D.n.H. _y' IN ADDITION TO THE SPECIES LISn:D, OREGON ASH AND ALPINE FIR ARE KNOWN TO OCCUR IN THE COUtiTY 1 BUT IN NEGLIGIBLE QUANTITIES ONLY. ~ Ll GHTI10USE RESERVATI ONSo FOREST STATISTICS FOR GRAYS BARBOR COUtiTY, ii'ASUINGTOU F"ROtl I Nvt:NT')RY PHASE OF" ..-ORERT SURVEY TABLE 2. AREA, IN ACRES, OF ALL FOREST COVffi TYPES, BY OimERSHIP CLASS OATA CORRECTED TO DCCt:UBER I,. 1937 FEDE~AL STATE SUA-: I NOI AN, PUBLIC NATIONAL FORCSi VEY : TYPE DEFINITION PRIVATE AVA I LABU: RESERVED COUNTY : tAUN ICI PAL TRIBAL AND; Dot.IAIN, R:::SERVEO RAILROAD AVA ILABLE RESERVED TOTAL TYPE; FOR F'ROll TRUST AVAILABLE FROM : SELECTION FOR F'ROI.I NO. CUTT ING CUIIIfli ALLOTMENTS:FOR CUTTI~: CUTTIP«l.!l: PENOINQ CUTTII'I> CUTT I :C ~OOOLANO: 4 : OAK: F'OREST CONTA I Nl NO 6(J! OR UORE Of" OAK 310 310 DOUGLAS F'lil: FOREST CONTAINING~ OR MORE OF DOUGLA5 FIR 6 : DOUGLAS F'IR, L/IRGE OLD GRO'II TII: MORE THAN 40" D.B.Ho 28,140 2,270 20 : 2,715 70 720: 15,505 I 460 49,900 7 : DOUGLAS F'Pl SI.IALL OLD GROWTH: 22 TO 40" OoDoHo I 435 I 435 8 : DOUGLAS F'IR LARGo£ SECO~ID GROI2TH: 22 TO 40" D.D.H. 6 875 50: 500 I 285 7 715 9 : DOUGLAS FIR, $4ALL SECOND GROWTH: 6 TO 2Q"' D.. B.H. 39,755 2,665 ' 265 I 915 285 60 I 60: 325 44,330 10 DOUGLAS FIR SEEDLII\CS AND SAPLINGS: LESS THArl 6"' OoDoHo 112,775 17,565 2,060 2,710 : 5 I 965 : 136,080 SITKA SPRUCE: F'OREST CONTAINING sq~ OR UORE OF SITKA SPRUCE II SITKA SPRUCE LARGE:: MORE THAN 24" O.O.H. 5 100 :· 35 I 40' 6 580 ' 5 : I 630 : I 170 14 560 11 12 SITKA SPRUCE SMALL: 6 TO 24 DoBoH• 2 765 : 60 50 30' 2 905 13 SITKA SPRUCE SEEDLINGS AND SAPLII\CS: LESS THAN 6 11 O.B.H. 450: 75 80 : 485 : I 090 ~ESTERN HEMLOCK: FOREST CONTAINING 5<(. OR YORE OF IESTGW HEULOCK 14 WESTERN HEMLOCK, LARGE: MORE THAN 20• o.a.H. 127,346 10,955 35 655 1,505 23,400 : 75: 590 63,355 I 51245 233,160 15 WESTERN HEMLOCK, SUALL: 6 TO 20" o.. o.H. 87,765 2,585 1,830: 3,880 3,425 335 435 100,255 16 I WESTERN HEMLOCK SEEOLI ~S Afm SAPLI N::iiS: LESS THAr~ 6" D.D.H. 62,T15 I 4,885 710 645 3,795 21140 10 I 74,960 WESTERN REO CEDAR I FOREST COilTA INI NG 4 II Ll GH TH O'JSE RESEHVAT I 014$. FOREST STATISTICS FOR GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON FROM INVENTORY PHASE Of" f"OREST SURVEY TABLE 3. AREA, IN ACRES, OF GENERALIZED FOREST TYPES, BY OWNERSHIP CLASS DATA CORRECTED TO DECEMBER I 1 1937 FEDERAL STATE INDIAN, J PUBLIC NATIONAL FOREST TYPE DEP"INITION 1 PRIVATE J AVAILABU: RESERVED : COUNTY MUNICIPAL I TRIBAL AND: DOMAIN, I RESERVE:D I RAILROAD I AVAILABLE I RESERV£0 I TOTAL FOR FROM TRUST I AVAILABLE t F"ROM I SELECTION I FOR F"ROM CUTT I NQ CUTTI Nl t ALLOTMENTStFOR CUTTING: CVTTINQ!Is PENDfhQ CUTTING J CUTTINQ HARDWOODe I ALDER, MAPLE, ASH1 AND COTTONWOOD SURVEY TYPES 31 AND 31,5 41 235 I I 005 I 2901 265 I I 455 I I 620 I 225 I 46 095 CDNIF'ERS MORE THAN ABOUT 20• D.B.H. SURVEY TYP£8 6, 7, 8, II I 14, 17, AND 23 184,125 I 13,770 I 55 I 1,105 I 1,545 I 106,980 70 I 195 I 1,315 I 114,715 I 14.305 43BII80 CONI F'ER8 6 TO 20" OR 6 TO 24• O.B.H. ON CUTOVER AREAS I 123,665 I 4,740 2,005 4,795 3,430 I 651 138,780 SURVEY ·TYPES 9 1 121 AND 15 ON OLD BURNe 6 620 I 5701 601 310 60 330 l 760 I 8 710 TOTAL 130 285 5 310 l 2 145 4 795 3 740 60 395 I 760 147 490 CONIFERS LESS THAN 6• D.B.H, ON CUTOVER AREAS I 174 435 22 525 I 2 770 3 435 I 4 240 I 910 200 315 SURVEY TYPES 101 13, AND 16 ON OLD BURNS I 565 I 45 I I 195 10 2 815 TOTAL 176 ()()() I 22 525 2 770 3 435 4285 3 lai I 10 I 212 130 CONI F'ERB LESS THAN 26• o.s.H. ON CUTOVER AREAS : 9 955 l 150 I 50 I I 060 I 201 II 235 SURVEY TYPE 19 ON OLD BURNS I 275 I 4520 401 5 835 TOTAL II 230 l 150 I 50 5 580 I 201 40 I 17 070 NONCOIIUERCIAL AREAS SURVEY TYPES 4, 25, 26, 33, AND 38 12,690 450 I 24,260 I 551 13,525 I 8,080 I 59,765 RECENT CUTOVCR AREABI CLEAR CUT SINCE BEQINNINQ or · l930 SURVEY TYPE 36 53 975 I 7 195 251 651 10 J 10 470 J 75• 71 815 NONRESTOCKED CUTOVER AREAS AND DEf'OREBTED BURNS ,, I SURVEY TYPES 35, 35A, AND 37 128,155 I 13,430 I 1,375 s 1,710 I 11,680 : 590 I 156,940 I TOTAL FOREST TYPES 737,fUS I 63,835 J 801 8,505 I II 1760 I 168,450 I 130 I 250 I 1,315 I 134,()11; I 23,420 I I I 149,485 NONF'OREBT LAND SURVEY TYPES 2 AND 3 71 495 I 285 355 J 801 I 425 195 I 190 I 74 025 TOTAL 809,190 I 64,120 I 80 l 8,860 J 11,840 169 1 875 I 130: 250 I 1,315 I 134,240 I 23,610 I I,223,510 l} LIGHTHOUSE' RESERVATIONS. FOREST STATISTICS FOR GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON FROM INVENTORY PHASE OF FOREST SURVEY TABLE 4. AREA, IN ACRES, OF CERTAIN IMMATURE CONIFEROUS FOREST TYPES, BY AGE CLASS AND DEGREE OF STOCKING DATA CORRECTED TO DECEMBER I, 1937 TYPE NUMBER AND NAME 10 13 16 9 12 15 19 . AGE DEGREE DOUGLAS SITKA WESTERN DOUGLAS SITKA WESTERN CLASS OF FIR SPRUCE HEMLOCK FIR SPRUCE HEMLOCK CEDAR, (YEARS): STOCKING SEEDLI~81 SEEDLI ~S: 8EEDLI~S: SMALL TOTAL SECOND SECOND SMALL AND AND AND SECOND GROWTH GROWTH SAPLI ~8 SAPL1~8 SAPLI~S ' : GROWTH GOOD 16 1 745 I 6501 17,230 : 1,075 35,700 10 MEDIUM 49,980 I 32,015 I 840 82,835 POOR 65,125 I ~I 23,870 : . : 4,870 : 94,300 TOTAL 131,850 I I ,090 73,115 61 785 212!840 I GOOD 595 11 845 I 2,730 7,200 1,075 I 13,445 20 MEDIUM 3,515 II ,790 I 4,560 675 I 20,540 I POOR __@I _.ill. ___l§Q _.2Q. I ___l§§_ TOTAL 4!230 l I1845 14,935 I II ,920 1!840 I 341 770 GOOD ' 10,155 45 I 18,035 I 75: 28,310 30 MEDIUM 8,590 I 80 I 21 1 895 I 130 I 30,695 I POOR ~I 130 I I,040 I _2Q.1 ~ TOTAL 19!150 255 1. 40!970 I 235 601 610 GOOD 4,790 I 125 I 3,610 I 8,525 40 MEDIUM 3,690 325 I 201 760 I 295 I 25,070 POOR 225 310 I 11 275 1 ~ ~ TOTAL 8,700 I 760 I 25,645 I 480 35 590 GOOD 205 I 405 610 50 I MEDIUM 125 105 I 710 I 240 I 1,180 POOR ~I ~ __1_5 I _.m. TOTAL 645 I 100 1!540 255 2!545 GOOD 180 7,580 : 100 7,865 60 MEDIUM 390 6,110 : 175 6,675 POOR ~ 205 . 1,540 : .-..J.L?ZQ. TOTAL 25 775 15 230 280 16 310 GOOD 960 40 I ,000 70 MEDIUM I ,675 540 2,215 POOR ~I _1Q. I ~ TOTAL 55 2 655 580 3 290 GOOD 555 250 465 130 1,400 eo MEDIUM 220 I 280 I 1,370 I 210 I 2,080 POOR ~ ~I ~ TOTAL 815 530 I 2!060 I 340 31 745 GOOD 90 MEDIUM 235 I 110 345 POOR ~ ____£2_ TOTAL 20 I 235 : 110 365 I GOOD 535 I 535 100 MEDIUM 460 585 I I,045 POOR 125 I 125 TOTAL 460 I 245 ---r-700 I GOOD 5 I 5 140 I MEOIUM 345 I 345 I POOR TOTAL 350 I 350 GOOD I ' 85 85 150 MEDIUM POOR TOTAL 85 85 TOTAL GOOD 17,340 650 19,075 18,435 I 600 38,255 3,125 97,480 ALL MEDIUM 53,495 I 32,015 I 24,415 I 1,640 57,315 4,145 173,025 AGES POOR 65,245 I 440 23 1 870 : 1,480 665 _4!685 : ~: 101,700 TOTAL 136!080 : 11 090 : 741960 I 44,330 2,905 I 100,255 I * 12!585 : *372,200 * EXCLUSIVE OF 4,485 ACRES TYPE 19 WHICH WAS NOT SUBDIVIDED INTO AGE AND STOCK I NQ CLASSES, FOREST STATISTICS FOR GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON FROM INVENTORY PHASE Or FOREST SURVEY TABLE 5. AREA OF FOREST LAND, BY SITE QUALITY DATA CORRECTED TO DECEMBER I, 1937 SITE CLASEllriCATION AREA IN PERCENTAGE or 1 AREA IN :COMMERCIAL: TOTAL TYPE 1 SITE QUALITY ACRES :CONif"EROUSS FOREST TOTAL CLASS!/ f'OREST LAND AREA LAND 147z480 14.1 12.8 1 12.1 I I 647z415 62.0 1 56.3 s 52.9 COMMERCIAL CONIF'£ROUS 1 DOUGLAS f' IR Ill 139,645 13.4 12.2 11.4 . IV 80z840 s 7.8 7.0 1 6.6 v 28,245 1 2.7 2.5 2.3 TOTAL COMMERCIAL CONIFEROUS 1,043,625 100.0 90.8 85.3 LODGEPOLE PII'E 3,065 0.3 0.2 NONCOMMERCIAL ROCKY 42,360 3.7 3.5 SUBALPII'£ 14,030 1.2 I • I OAK 310 HARDWOOD 46 095 4. 0 3.8 TOTAL OTHER THAN COMMERCIAL CONI f'EROUS: 105,860 9.2 8.6 ALL f'OREST TYPES lz l49z485 100.0 93.9 NONF'OREST TYPES 74z025 6.1 GRAND TOTAL lz2Z3z5IO 100.0 J./ THE 11 SITE QUALITY" Of' A f'OREST AREA IS ITS RELATIVE PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY, DETERMINED BY CLIMATIC, SOIL, TOPOGRAPHIC, AND OTHER f'ACTORS. THE INDEX Of' SITE QUALITY IS THE AVERAGE HEIGHT Of' THE DOUit~NT STANO AT THE AGE Of' 100 YEARS. riVE SITE QUALITY CLASSES ARE RECOGNIZED f'OR DOUGLAS FIR, CLASS I BEING THE HIGHEST. IN THE SURVEY DOUGLAS FIR CLASSIF'ICATIONS WERE USED NOT ONLY FOR TYPES Of' WHICH THIS SPECIES IS A CHARACTERISTIC COMPONENT BUT f'OR OTHER TYPES FOR WHICH NO SITE QUALITY CLASSiriCA TIONS HAVE BEf':N DEVELOPED. FOREST STATISTICS FOR GRAYS HARBOR COUNTY, WASHINGTON FROM INVEN TORY PHASE OF FOREST SURVEY FIGURE 2. DISTRIBUTION OF SAW-TIMBER VOLUME BY SPECIES AND OWNERSHIP CLASS (FROM TABLE I) WESTERN HEMLOCK DOUGLAS FIR WESTERN REO CEDAR SILVER FIR SITKA SPRUCE ALL OTHER 1.5 VOLUME IN BILLIONS OF BOARD FEET, LOG SCALE, SCRIBNER RULE PRI VATE ~INDIAN D PUBLIC FIGURE 3. GENERALIZED FOREST TYPES BY OWNERSHIP CLASS (FROM TABLE 3) CONIFEROUS SAWTIMBER CONIFEROUS SECOND GROWTH NONRESTOCKED CUTOVERS AND BURNS RECENT CUTOVERS HARDWOODS AND NONCOMMERCIAL 400 AREA IN THOUSANDS OF ACRES PRIVATE D PUBLIC AND INDIAN