Women’s History NATIONAL WOMEN’S HISTORY ALLIANCE I 2021

Extending the Women’s Suffrage Centennial through 2021 What’s Happening Statues & Memorials Equality Day Resolution Black Suffragists 2021 Honorees Women’s History Forum

Women’s History Resource Catalog Inside 2 WOMEN’S HISTORY

SUSAN WARE A Timely & Compelling History

MARCHED in my first feminist “Why haven’t I heard movement is an important part of that demonstration on the historically story. significant date of August 26, 1970 – this history before?” was Even without the disruptions caused Ithe fiftieth anniversary of the passage of a refrain I encountered by the pandemic, extending the com- the Nineteenth Amendment – as a col- memoration of the centennial of the lege student newly awakened to the time and again. Nineteenth Amendment into 2021 and powerful ideas of modern feminism and beyond makes sense. The questions and the excitement of women’s history. Suf- lessons this history raises don’t have an ham Clinton at the White House also frage has been part of my life ever since. expiration date. They remain timely and created a political climate where ques- Probably earlier than most, I fixed my compelling. I very much look forward tions of feminism, women’s political to joining with the National Women’s activism, and voting rights were very History Alliance to keep this conversa- much front and center. It was not hard to tion going. get audiences to draw parallels between

the suffrage struggle and contemporary Susan Ware is the Honorary Women’s Suf- movements for social change. frage Centennial Historian at Radcliffe’s Schlesinger Library. She is the editor of the An Ongoing Struggle Library of America anthology American Women’s Suffrage: Voices from the Long As a historian I was privileged to be part Struggle for the Vote, 1776-1965 (2020).

of many of these events. During my time

on the suffrage hustings, I was able to share with audiences the powerful stories WOMEN’S HISTORY Suffragists march in Washington D.C. on March 3, 1913. of those women – and men – who were March 2021 Number 1 part of the long fight to win the right to Published by the National eye on the upcoming centennial in 2020, vote. “Why haven’t I heard this history Women’s History Alliance hoping to be part of a larger national before?” was a refrain I encountered © 2021 NWHA conversation about questions of citizen- time and again. All rights reserved. Reprint inquiries welcome. ship, gender, and voting. Things didn’t work out quite as I had expected. Editors: Molly Murphy MacGregor, Robert P. J. Cooney, Jr. Feminism Front and Center Design & Production: Vicki Dougan/Sales Promotion, Robert Cooney Graphic Design Thank you to all our national contributors, First, the election of Donald Trump in writers, artists and photographers. 2016 robbed feminists of the chance to celebrate the centennial of the Nine- National Women’s History Alliance 730 Second Street #469 teenth Amendment with our first woman Santa Rosa, CA 95402 president. Then the planning suffered a (707) 636-2888 second blow when the global pandemic https://nationalwomenshistoryalliance.org caused by COVID-19 upended so many [email protected] of the activities planned to mark the The Women’s March in Washington D.C. on January 21, 2017. Individual copies $2.50 Multiple copies can event. Nevertheless, we persisted. be ordered for $15 for 10 copies plus ship- Around the country there was a robust ping through the NWHA online store: I was also able to point out how in- agenda of virtual events, symposia, and www.nwha1980.org. commemoration that allowed the public complete the legacy of the Nineteenth Amendment was, especially for African Cover photograph: STAND, A monument at large to engage in the vital historical th American women and other women of celebrating the 100 anniversary of the questions raised by the long suffrage passage of the 19th Amendment struggle and make connections to our color, an equally important takeaway Artist: © Barbara Grygutis 2020 contemporary political landscape. point. I would always conclude my talks Computer render by Katie McCann by pointing out that feminism is an on- Commissioned by Breaking the Bronze Ironically the very election of Donald Trump that deprived us of the chance to going struggle and it will always be nec- Ceiling, Lexington, Kentucky celebrate with President Hillary Rod- essary. And the women’s suffrage WOMEN’S HISTORY 3

Celebrating Women’s History Throughout 2021

2021 is a year full of hope and promise that offers us an extended opportunity to celebrate what women accom- plished one hundred years ago and ever since. When the pandemic hit in March 2020, many plans for celebrating the women’s suffrage centennial - exhibits, performances and events of every kind - had to be cancelled, often after years of preparation. Now, to make up for lost time, many groups have extended suffrage celebrations through 2021.

A Year to be Proud of

2020 was a very difficult year and yet a year to be proud Image courtesy of Bria Goeller and WTF America-Good Trubble. of. Despite the impact of the pandemic, Americans Vice-President Kamala Harris walking with the shadow of Ruby Bridges, who integrated a New throughout the country paid tribute to the dedicated suffra- Orleans elementary school in 1960. gists who won Votes for Women 100 years ago. By the end of the year, there had not only been thousands of both CONTENTS live and virtual centennial events but also the election of the first woman as Vice-President of the United States. A Timely and Compelling Women’s history, a central part of American history, was History, Susan Ware 2 written before our eyes. Plan a Parade 4 Throughout the year, the National Women’s History

Alliance played an important role. We supported the Rose 2021 Highlights 5 Parade centennial float, serving as fiscal sponsor for that Women’s Equality Week 10

and for the Women’s Vote Centennial Initiative. We con- 2021 Valiant Women of vened a National Networking Conference in January and the Vote Honorees 12 published “Women Win the Vote,” our third gazette aimed at building interest in the centennial. NWHA 2021 Partners 15 Women Who Refused Heralding Women’s Achievements to be Silenced 17

The Alliance also created lists of state groups, catalogs of WOMENS HISTORY FORUM centennial merchandise and updates on events throughout The Fruits of Our the country. These efforts supported established and new Democracy, Krysta Jones 19 groups, artists and many other individuals and helped keep the suffrage centennial visible in a difficult time. The Challenge of Telling Now we plan a year heralding women’s achievements Complex History, today as well as 100 years ago. This year's theme, Valiant Robert P. J. Cooney, Jr. 20 Women of the Vote - Refusing to Be Silenced, emphasizes The Shaming Must Stop, the resilience of multicultural women working for the vote Myriam Miedzian 21 both in the suffrage movement and later. Women’s largely Black Women Marched in unheralded accomplishments are what the NWHA has cel- The 1913 Parade, ebrated for 40 years. Martha S. Jones 23 Women’s history is something happening today, a cur- rent and ongoing source of inspiration and power. It is an Statues and Memorials 24 overlooked part of our national history that has a chance to Women’s History Resources come forward now and shine as never before.  Catalog 27

4 WOMEN’S HISTORY

MAKE WOMEN’S LIVES VISIBLE IN 2021 Plan or Join a Parade

The Women’s Suffrage Centennial Float in the Pasadena Rose Parade, January 1, 2020

F WE ARE LUCKY ENOUGH millions watched the Rose dressed in white in rows of theme of hope. to have 4th of July Parade on January 1, 2020, ten. Alice Paul organized a Parades in 2021, please as the float that launched the On the float were the parade for suffrage through I Centennial celebration of descendants of suffragists Washington D.C. on March join one and bring the spirit of the suffrage movement to a women in the United States including Elizabeth Cady 3, 1913, one day before the larger crowd. If not the 4th of winning the right to vote Stanton, Ida B. Wells and inauguration of President July then on August 26th came into view. The crowds Frederick Douglass. The Woodrow Wilson. The have your own hometown cheered as Years of Hope, magnificent, flower covered parade hosted 8,000 partici- parade in honor of the 101st Years of Courage – the float was over 50 feet long pants, nine marching bands, 20 floats, and a anniversary of women 1913 Suffrage Parade, Washington, D.C. performance in in the United States front of the winning the vote. Once Treasury Building. it is safe, let’s bring This Sonoma the celebratory spirit County, California, of women’s history to parade (left) on our communities by March 10, 1979. decorating cars and dressing Women’s Suffrage and featured a 20-foot tall helped launch what would as suffragist or other women Centennial Rose Parade Float Statue of Liberty covered in become the National in history. Maybe the local – began the 5½ mile route. eucalyptus leaves. Women’s History Project/ high school marching band Right behind the float was The vibrant, colorful float Alliance. It was a county- would like to participate. a contingent of 100 won the Theme Award for wide event which included a Throughout the world, contemporary suffragist all best representing the parade’s local junior high school band. WOMEN’S HISTORY 5

Members of Long Beach Suffrage 100 launched their centennial effort on August 24, 2019, under artist Dina Saadi's vibrant mural that reflects both the boldness and serious purpose that marked centennial celebrations throughout the country. Photo by Jose Cordon.

2021 HIGHIGHTS

An Extended Celebration of Votes for Women

E ARE EXCITED to celebrations. The record set- Free Women’s Suffrage have an additional ting parachute jump attempt Centennial Resources Wyear to celebrate is now set for Fall 2021 The National Women’s History the Women’s Suffrage (brokenrecords.world). The Alliance published “Women Centennial, which features Centennial Motorcycle Ride Win the Vote” in 2020 as well many events and celebrations to Washington D.C. has also as several updates and catalogs that had to be postponed last been rescheduled for July 31- to prepare for and popularize year. While there were August 20, 2021 the women’s suffrage centenni- wonderful live events that did (centennialride.com). al. Each publication is full of happen in 2020, including the A number of ambitious news, articles, links to resources Rose Parade Float and the suffrage-related efforts are and more, and is available on our homepage under the tab Central Park statue unveiling, still in the works, including Centennial Events (national many plans and projects had the television series based on womenshistoryalliance.org). to be cancelled or delayed. Elaine Weiss’ book, “The The list of groups organized for Many have now been Project 19 Skydivers. Woman’s Hour,” lighting up the centennial in each state is in rescheduled but check ahead Mt. Rushmore with women’s the Centennial Update, August- to confirm. record. With colorful flags images (lookuptoher.com), 16-22 pdf and in the Gift Idea Women skydivers still and flares, Project 19 jumpers and Shaina Taub’s Broadway Catalog. plan to jump for a Guiness were a dramatic presence at musical, The Suffragists. several centennial However, once discovered. 6 WOMEN’S HISTORY

women’s history isn’t going Rights Amendment and ideas place historical markers out- and the Right to Vote” on away, so there should be are aready being discussed. side suffrage sites, shares their 2021 calendar. In plenty of time for these Here are a few examples women’s history on social Michigan, the Greater Grand creations as well as many and highlights of plans for the media, and has big plans for Rapids Women’s History others. year, particularly from many the year. Council (ggrwhc.org) offers a There were centennial state suffrage centennial The Maryland Women’s fine Digital History Exhibit exhibits, often multiple ones, groups. Each of the websites Heritage Center in Baltimore on suffrage in the state and a in nearly every state and most referenced offers a wealth of has a new home (mdwomens new “Women Who Ran” went online as much as resources, attractions, links heritagecenter.org) as well as electoral history of 47 women possible. You can still view and new information; many a vibrant website with down- who ran for public office in many. Museums, libraries, have short films, slide shows, loadable panels celebrating Grand Rapids between 1887 “Valiant Maryland Women,” and 1920. a traveling suffrage exhibit Arkansas Heritage and more. The Center opened (arkansasheritage.com) is the year with a panel on “The featuring their series “Sand- Next 100 Years: Continuing wiching in History,” virtual the Work of Our Maryland noon-time tours of significant Foremothers.” There’s also a state sites, and a series of “Suffrage in Sixty Seconds” radio spots. Florida’s Cen- tennial Commission’s website offers “Suffrage Tea Time,” a virtual monthly series of informative interviews, lectures, and discussions (floridasuffrage100.org). North Carolina (ncder.gov) has an education- al online interactive exhibit, Unveiling a new display panel “She Changed the World: on activists in Massachusetts. North Carolina Women Breaking Barriers,” and other new Maryland Museum of suffrage resources. The Mu- Women’s History in Centre- “Fight for the Right: 100 Years of Women Voting” Exhibit at seum of the American Revo- the Museum of California in Sacramento . ville whose first exhibit was lution (amrevmuseum.org) “Enslavement to Emancipa- in Philadelphia is having a tion: Voices Not Heard,” historical societies and state videos, calendars and news- virtual exhibit to April 25, (marylandmuseumofwomens government all paid tribute to letters to keep you informed. 2021, “When Women Lost history.org). women’s achievement. Since They are all worth exploring. the Vote: A Revolutionary Tennessee’s group the suffrage movement was See the Free Centennial Re- Story, 1776-1807.” (tnwoman100) has an ongo- based in the states, this fresh sources box (page 5) for a list In Iowa, there are plans ing Commemoration at the attention uncovered new of state centennial sites. for an original musical, The Parthenon and the exhibit information, forgotten local Suffragist, July 16-18 in Ce- “Ratified! Tennessee Women leaders, and a largely Celebrations in dar Falls, postponed from last

unknown part of our national the States history. Recoginizing the Centennial activists in centennial in 2021 as well as Massachusetts (suffrage 2020 increases our chances of 100MA.org) just launched engaging the public and pays their “1000 Classrooms Initi- fitting tribute to these women ative” to identify teachers and what they accomplished. who will screen and discuss Events and celebrations of their new educational film, women’s political involve- The Fight for Women’s Suf- ment will continue through frage: Looking Back, March- this year and beyond. 2023 is ing Forward, which high- the centennial of the intro- lights overlooked women of duction of the Equal color. The group maintains a Women’s basketball coaches and players on teams at several fine website, continues to Iowa universities commemorated the 19th Amendment.

WOMEN’S HISTORY 7

(womenvote100.org). A Legacy video, Reflecting on the Suffrage Centennial, and an Agency Report highlight creative projects throughout the country. The National Park Service (nps.gov/subjects/womenshist ory/19th-amendment) has a series of very informative suffrage articles by scholars plus the collection of essays from the Centennial Commis- sion, “On Their Shoulders: Vision2020 celebrated the centennial with a SHE Leads Road Rally, a motorcade from The Radical Stories of Wom- Philadelphia to Seneca Falls and back in October. en’s Fight for the Vote.” The National Portrait Gallery also year (suffragistmusical.com). fragists, free panel exhibits, offers a set of ten download- Iowa’s 19th Amendment collages and more. able “A Portrait of Persis- Centennial group, whose Rhode Island tence” thematic posters with motto is “Hard Won, Not (shallnotbedenied.org) is an exhibition handbook and Done,” had to suspend in- helping Girl Scouts earn a user guide, (sites.si.edu/s person events, but online, 19th Amendment Centennial /topic/0TO1Q000000cZgKW they offer a fascinating varie- Patch through July and is also AU/votes-for-women-a- ty of learning resources in- hosting an Archiving portrait-of-persistence). cluding a curriculum de- There’s also “Suffrage at 100: signed for Grades 9-12 based Girl Scouts in Elk River, Min- A Visual History” from the on Iowa Social Studies nesota, received the mayor’s New York Times Standards. They also have centennial Women’s Equality (www.nytimes.com/interactiv two suffrage wagon replicas Day proclamation in August. e/2020). they loan out, The League of Women (19thamendment- Thinking Nationally Voters (lwv.org), which grew centennial.org). directly out of the suffrage The national grassroots or- Profiles and ganization, 2020 Women’s New Curriculum Vote Centennial Initiative (2020Centennial.org), will Utah’s accomplished centen- Workshop. The website has continue to offer its expan- nial group “Better Days great links, a timeline and sive website and calendar of other educational materials. events. Also, check Vision 2020” (betterdays2020.com) Kentucky (Kentucky 2020 (drexel.edu/vsion2020) has developed suffrage cur- movement, is one consistent womansuffrageproject.org) and the National Women’s riculum for elementary contact in every state. Over offers profiles of state suffra- History Alliance for events, schools tied to the Utah Core 700 chapters stay active as gists, videos, teaching re- information and support. reliable sources for news and sources, a Student Activity Many national and gov- events. One new effort to book and more. An inspired ernmental organizations offer involve young women is The site for educators teaching special suffrage resources, Voter Girl Project. engaged civics is What Is a like the Library of Congress, The Alice Paul Institute in Vote Worth? the Schlesinger Library, and New Jersey (alicepaul.org), (whatisavoteworth.org). the National Organization for which has just added a series The wealth of new re- Women, which has a poster of educational videos on its State Standards. They also sources is astonishing. New set of 100 voting rights activ- Youtube channel, has agreed offer an impressive educa- research and original source ists (now.org/sisters-of- to officially preserve the leg- tional site (UtahWomens His- material will be indispensible suffrage). acy of the historic National tory.org). in writing the full story of the The federally funded Woman’s Party, co-founded The Washington state national drive for Votes for Women’s Suffrage Centenni- by Alice Paul. The API has group (Suffrage100WA) now Women and the importance al Commission ceased opera- received the right to use the offers 57 biographical of suffragists in each state. tion in December but left a NWP name for future pro- sketches of Washington suf- record of events along with grams, some possibly in an archived website 8 WOMEN’S HISTORY

grams, some possibly in Elaine Weiss and Hillary Washington D.C. The Clinton, on youtube.com. Library of Congress and the The Suffragists, a musical National Park Service already by Shaina Taub, is discussed received NWP collections. and two songs are performed in a NY Times special on New Films on youtube.com. Women’s Suffrage The Battle for the Ballot, composer Stacy Garrop’s 16-

Several states, like Tennes- minute symphonic work fea- see, produced their own cen- tures quotes from American tennial films or worked with suffragists plus an interview, cabrillomusic.org/2020- local filmmakers to create The White House was lit up in suffrage colors for Equality Day. programs like the Iowa PBS season.

film, Carrie Chapman Catt: A Suffrage Centennial “Unceasing Militant: The Warrior for Women. Finding Justice: The Un- Playlist of 90 rousing songs told Story of Women’s Fight Life of Mary Church Terrell,” assembled by Joyce Rouse,

for the Vote is a 19-minute a new biography by Alison earthmama.org/her-story. documentary just produced M. Parker, American Journalism’s by the Justice Bell Founda- “An Unfinished Revolu- Suffrage and the Media tion in Pennsylvania. They tion: Edna Buckman Kearns website offers links to books, also funded a Justice Bell and the Struggle for Wom- articles, film clips, interviews replica as a public art project en’s Rights,” a finely-tuned and much more, suffrageand (justicebell.org). and delightful family memoir, themedia.org The 19th Amendment: A with photographs, by grand- She Resisted: Strategies of Woman’s Right to Vote is the daughter and long-time Suffrage, an interactive presen- Annenberg Center’s award- activist Marguerite Kearns. tation with great visuals, relat- winning video (Annenberg ed to The Vote PBS Special, publicpolicycenter.org). www.pbs.org/wgbh/american experience/features/vote-she- Recent & resisted. Upcoming Books UNLADYLIKE2020 has films profiling diverse and

Without a Whisper — little-known American Look for new books through- Konnon:Kwe is a new docu- women from the early 20th out the year, including these mentary film by Katsitsionni century and today who follow recent and upcoming titles: Fox on how Indigenous in their footsteps. Visit their “A Vote for Women,” a beau- women influenced early suf- resource-rich website, tifully illustrated coffee table fragists in their fight for free- unladylike2020.com. book produced by St. James dom and equality, featuring The Crisis: A Record of House in London with the Mohawk Bear Clan Mother Darker Races, founded by Women Vote Centennial Ini- Louise Herne and professor W.E.B. DuBois in 1910, tiative, Sally Roesch Wagner was the magazine of the “One Woman, One Vote,” (withoutawhisperfilm.com). New York suffragist and jour- newly-formed NAACP, now an expanded second edition Into Light is a dramatic nalist Edna Buckman Kearns. digitized – go to the source, with incisive essays by a mul- 13-minute film, now stream- www.modjourn.org titude of scholars, ing on Amazon Prime, featur- New state books include Women and Social “We Demand: The Suf- ing a powerful portrayal by “Pioneering the Vote: The Movements has generated frage Road Trip,” Anne Gass’ Amy Walker of suffragist Untold Story of Suffragists hundreds of profiles and fictionalized version of Sara Inez Milholland’s last speech in Utah and the West” by writings of both White and Bard Field’s cross-country in Los Angeles (intolight Neylan McBaine and “A Black suffragists at docu- journey as seen by the unher- official.com). Los Angeles- Simple Justice: Kentucky ments.alexanderstreet.com/ alded Swedish women who based Wild West Women, Women Fight for the Vote” VOTESforWOMEN drove her, who made the inspiring doc- by Melanie Beals Goan. WEAR Organization “Bohemians West: Free umentary, Inez Milholland ~ works to increase recognition Love, Family, and Radicals in Forward into Light, continues A Few Favorites of women’s history in middle Twentieth Century America,” to present films and lead dis- and high schools in Fairfax Sherry L. Smith’s portrait of cussions about historical Women’s Fight for the Vote County, Virginia western suffragist Sara Bard women (wildwest Centennial talk with author (w-e-a-r.org). women.org). Field and poet CES Wood, WOMEN’S HISTORY 9

In hats and suits, resolute members of the Men’s League for Woman Suffrage march up Fifth Avenue during the May 2, 1913 suffrage parade in New York City.

Learn about the inspiring example of men Named one of the "Five Best Books" on the backing women and working together for jus- Subject by The Wall Street Journal tice and equal rights. This is a story men of eve- Readers’ responses to “Winning the Vote” ry age should know and take pride in. Under- from Amazon reviews (5 out of 5 stars) stand how the bold actions that women took “A must have” • “A pleasure to read and hard to put down” to win the vote were supported by many brave “Outstanding and unparalleled” • “A really fine volume” and farsighted men despite intense pressure “An excellent resource for our home library” • “A visual feast” from other men. “A volume to be treasured” • “In a class by itself”

Winning the Vote features hundreds of photographs, illustrations and editorial cartoons from the time.

Winning the Vote The Triumph of the American Woman Suffrage Movement by Robert P. J. Cooney, Jr. Reviews and more at www.AmericanGraphicPress.com Order from the nwha1980.org NWHA STORE 10 WOMEN’S HISTORY

Women’s Equality Week On August 18, 1920, the Votes for Women Amendment was ratified by the state of Tennessee, the last state needed for ratification. Certified on August 26, 1920, it became the 19th Amendment to the Constitution. In 1973 Congress recognized the important historic event by designating August 26th as “Women’s Equality Day.” In 2021, we want to expand Women’s Equality Day to Women’s Equality Week from the day of ratifica- tion day - August 18th to the day of certification day - August 26, culminating the week by having Women’s Equality Day, August 26th recognized as a national holiday. Please join us.

It’s Time to Update the National Calendar This is a Call to Action to recognize Equality Day, civic and nonprofit bodies, city and county boards and August 26, as a national holiday. state legislatures to celebrate Women’s Equality Day an- We are entering a new chapter in American history, 100 nually and to officially adopt this Resolution to make it years after passage of the 19th Amendment, and the Na- a national holiday that honors American women. tional Women’s History Alliance wants to make sure that multicultural women have a prominent place on the new Women’s Equality Day national calendar. As we reevaluate the values and institutions we hold Program Kit dear, rejecting racism and white male supremacy, we need #0534 $45.95 to create new holidays and ways to promote the society we #0545 $55.95 (wih DVD) want to see flourish. The contributions of those who have All items are available been excluded can now be included and honored. individually Therefore, we call on individuals and collective bodies in our webstore throughout the country to pass this Resolution to make nwha1980.org August 26 a national holiday. The first step for a significant date to become a national holiday is for people to observe it themselves, every year, regardless of official sanction. The NWHA calls on individuals, businesses, civic and nonprofit bodies, city and county boards and state legisla- tures to celebrate Women’s Equality Day annually and to officially adopt this Resolution to make it a national holi- day that honors American women. Our goal for Women’s Equality Day to become a widely observed, festive multi- cultural holiday with lasting historical importance. We will have downloadable version of the Celebrate Women’s Equality Day as a National Holiday Petition on our website. The NWHA calls on individuals, businesses, WOMEN’S HISTORY 11

Proposing August 26 as a National Holiday Downloadable Petition available at nwha1980.org To measure the success of this effort, please email the names and locations of organizations, business- es, nonprofits or legislative bodies who have officially adopted this Resolution to [email protected] We will acknowledge them on our website.

WHEREAS, there is no national holiday that recognizes women and their many contributions to American life. WHEREAS, the women of the United States have historically been treated as second-class citizens and have often been denied the full rights and privileges, public or private, legal or institutional, which are available to male citi- zens of the United States; and WHEREAS, the women of the United States have united to assure that these rights and privi- leges are available to ALL citizens equally, and WHEREAS, the women of the United States ERA Update have designated August 26, the anniversary date of the certification of the Nineteenth Amend- The Equal Rights Amend- ment, which culminated a 72-year, non-violent ment is a proposed amend- campaign to extend the right to vote to women, ment to the United States as a symbol of the continued fight for equal Constitution designed to rights: and guarantee equal legal rights WHEREAS, the women of the United States for all American citizens regardless of sex. It seeks are to be commended and supported in their to end the legal distinctions between men and organizations and activities, women in terms of divorce, property, employment, NOW, THEREFORE, BE IT RESOLVED, that and other matters. Women’s Equality Day commemorating that day Three-State Strategy: Bills to remove the time in 1920, on which the women of America won limit of seven years that had been imposed on the their right to vote will be recognized and cel- ERA’s ratification process and declare it complete ebrated as an opportunity to continue to work for when three-fourths (38) of the states ratify, thereby equal rights for ALL citizens. retaining the existing 35 state ratifications as viable. Legislation is pending in Congress to remove any National Women’s History Alliance time limit on the ERA ratification For more infor- 730 Second Street #469 mation contact www.equalrightsamendment.org. Santa Rosa, CA 95402 (707) 636-2888 “Equality of rights under the law shall not be [email protected] denied or abridged by the United States or by any nwha1980.org state on account of sex.” WOMEN’S HISTORY 10 WOMEN’S HISTORY 10

12 WOMEN’SValiant HISTORY Women of the Vote 2021 Honorees Valiant Women of the Vote 2021 Honorees

VICTORY as important as

women winning the right to

vote deserves an extended

celebration.A That’s why the National

Women’s History Alliance is leading

the drive to celebrate women’s historic

achievements throughout 2021.

In recognition of the ongoing cel-

ebrations of the centennial of the 19th

Amendment, we are honoring women Lucy Burns Carrie Chapman Wilhelmina Lucy Burns Carrie Chapman Catt Wilhelmina from the original suffrage movement as 1879 – – 1966 1966 1859Catt – 1947 Kekelaokalaninui well as 20th and 21st century women Lucy Burns Carrie Chapman Catt Wilhelmina American Woman Woman Suf- American1859 –1947 Woman Suf- Widemann Dowsett who have continued the struggle (fight- 1879 – 1966 1859 –1947 Kekelaokalaninui frage Activist frageAmerican Activist Woman 1861Dowsett - 1929 1861 - 1929 AmericanSuffrage ActivistWoman Suf- American Woman Suf- Widemann Dowsett ing against poll taxes, literacy tests, Lucy Burns was an Carrie Chapman Catt Founder of of the the Na- Na- frageLucy ActivistBurns was an frageSuffrage Activist Activist 1861 - 1929 voter roll purges, and other more con- American suffragist was an activist from tional Women’s Equal LucyAmerican Burns suffragist was an Carrie Chapman Chapman Catt Catt Foundertional Women’s of the Na- Equal temporary forms of voter suppression) and women’s rights Iowa who advocated Suffrage Association of American suffragist was an activist from tionalSuffrage Women’s Association Equal andadvocate. women’s Burns rights left forwas suffrage an activist during from the Hawai’i to ensure voting rights for all and women’s rights Iowa who advocated Suffrage Association of advocate.her studies Burnsat Vassar left secondIowa who generation advocated of Wilhelminaof Hawai’i Kekelao- The National Women’s History Alli- advocate. Burns left for suffrage during the Hawai’i Some names have dates, others herCollege studies to join at Vassarthe suffragists.for suffrage Catt during was the kalaninuiWilhelmina Widemann Kekelao- ance is determined that the important her studies at Vassar second generation of Wilhelmina Kekelao- have none so I eliminated the British suffrage trainedsecond in generation political of Dowsettkalaninui was Widemann a fierce Some names have dates, others College to to join join the the suffragists. Catt was kalaninui Widemann roles of multicultural suffragists and movement as a mem- activism under Susan advocate for the en- havemonths none and so days I eliminated on those thethat had British suffrage suffrage move- trainedsuffragists. in political Catt was DowsettDowsett was was a afierce fierce voting rights activists continue to be ber of the Women’s B. Anthony and played franchisement of all movementment as a asmember a mem- of activismtrained inunder political Susan ac - advocateadvocate for for the the en- monthsthemrecognized for a consistency.nd anddays honored. on those Also We that editedrefuse had to Social and Political a pivotal role in help- women. After the berthe ofWomen’s the Women’s Social B.tivism Anthony under and Susan played B. franchisementenfranchisement of all of themsomeallow forbios their consistency. are voices short to be and Alsosilenced, some edited evenvery Union (WSPU). Dur- ing women gain the forced annexation of Social and Political a pivotal role in help- women. After the anding her Political time oversees, Union vote.Anthony In 1900, and Cattplayed a Hawai’i,all women. suf fragistsAfter the somelongby a so biospandemic. those are needshort Since some andwe were some editing unable very as to Union (WSPU). Dur- ing women gain the forced annexation of (WSPU).Burns perfected During her her succeededpivotal role Susan in helping B. fromforced the annexation mainland saw of shown,recognize but last not year’s done. 2020 And Honorees, an In- we ing her time oversees, vote. In 1900, Catt Hawai’i, suffragists long so those need some editing as timesuffrage oversees, protest tactics.Burns Anthonywomen gainas President the vote. anHawai’i, opportunity suf-fragists for the are honoring them in 2021. Burns perfected her succeeded Susan B. from the mainland saw shown,troduction but here. not done. And an In- Burns returned to ofIn the1900, National Catt succeedAmeri- - newlyfrom theacquired mainland United suffrageperfected protest her suffrage tactics. Anthony as President an opportunity for the the U.S. to continue can Woman Suffrage States territory to grant troduction here. protest Burns tactics. returned to ofed the Susan National B. Anthony Ameri- newlysaw an acquired opportunity United the fight for women’s Association women the right to AN INTRODUCTION to the Honorees the BurnsU.S. to returnedcontinue to canas President Woman Suffrage of the Statesfor the territory newly toacquired grant suffrage. Upon her (NAWSA). vote. the fight for women’s AssociationNational American womenUnited theStates right territory to AforN 2020INTRODUCTION and 2021, explanation, to the Honorees etc. thereturn U.S. she to joined continue the Catt worked tire- In 1899, members suffrage. Upon her (NAWSA). vote. This is mockup copy. In 1899, members theNational fight Women’s for women’s lesslyWoman on Suffragea national As - ofto thegrant National women Ameri- the for 2020 and 2021, explanation, etc. return she joined the Catt worked tire- In 1899, members suffrage.Suffrage Association Upon her levelsociation to support (NAWSA). suf- canright Woman to vote. Suffrage Thisof the is National mockup Americancopy. In 1899, Woman members Suf- National Women’s lessly on a national of the National Ameri- return(NAWSA) she beforejoined the frage. Catt Catt worked worked tire - Association In 1899, (NAWSA) mebers of frage Association (NAW SA) wrote the Suffrage Association level to support suf- can Woman Suffrage of the National American Woman Suf- forming the more mili- withlessly politicians on a national at the wrotethe National the “Hawaiian American (NAWSA)National Women’s before frage. Catt worked Association (NAWSA) frage“Hawaiian Association Appeal”, (NAW asking SA) wrote the tant, Congressional state and national level Appeal”, asking Con- formingSuffrage the Association more mili- withlevel politicians to sup-port at thesuf - wroteWoman the Suffrage“Hawaiian As - CongressValiant to giveWomen Hawaiian of the women Vote the Union for Woman including, Woodrow gress to give Hawaiian “Hawaiian Appeal”, asking tant,(NAWSA) Congressional before statefrage. and Catt national worked level Appeal”,sociation asking (NAWSA) Con- Suffrage with fellow Wilson who did not women the right to rightCongress to vote. toLater, give DowHawaiian sett founded women the the Union for Woman including,with politicians Woodrow at gresswrote to the give “Hawaiian Hawaiian Refusing to Be Silenced Luncheon formingsuffragist theAlice more Paul. support Women’s Suf- vote. Later, Dowsett Suffrage with fellow Wilson who did not women the right to rightNational to vote. Women’s Later, EqualDow sett Suffrage founded Ass theo- militant, Congressio- frage.the state Catt and was na a -re- foundedAppeal”, the asking National Con - suffragist Alice Paul. support Women’s Suf- vote. Later, Dowsett Nationalciation o fWomen’s Hawai’i (WE EqualSAH) Suffrage and led Ass theo- nal Union for Woman lentlesstional level lobbyist including, and Women’sgress to give Equal Hawai Suf- - On Saturday, August 21, 2021 our 2021 frage. Catt was a re- founded the National Suffrage with fellow byWoodrow 1918, Wilson Wilson was frageian women Association the right of to ciationeffortsHonoree toof enfranchiseHawai’i luncheon (WE thewillSAH) women be heldand ofled at her thethe lentless lobbyist and Women’s Equal Suf- in support of suffrage Hawai’i (WESAH) island. suffragist Alice Paul. bywho 1918, did Wilsonnot support was fragevote. AssociationLater, Dowsett of effortsHamilton to enfranchise Restaurant the located women atof 600 her which led to the pass- and led the efforts to inWomen’s support ofSuffrage. suffrage Hawai’ifounded (WE the SAH)National island.14thIn 1899, St NW, members Washington, of the National DC 20005. ing of the 19th amend- enfranchise the women whichCatt was led toa relent-less the pass- andWomen’s led the Equalefforts Sufto - American In All1899, 2021 Woman members Honorees Suffrage of the will NationalAssociation be acknowl - ment in 1920. of her island. inglobbyist of the and19th by amend- 1918, enfranchisefrage Association the women of (NAWedgedSA) with wrote a video the “Hawaiian presentation. Appeal”, American Woman Suffrage Association mentWilson in 1920.was in support ofHawai’i her island. (WE-SAH) Terry Ao Minnis, Eleanor Holmes (NAWSA) wrote the “Hawaiian Appeal”, of suffrage which led and led the efforts Norton, Maria Teresa Kumar, and Edith to the passing of the to enfranchise the Mayonwill receive the Valiant Women 19th amend-ment in of the Vote Award. women of her island. We hope that our Honorees will 1920. speak for 5 to 10 minutes. WOMEN’S HISTORY 10

WOMEN’S HISTORY 13

Valiant Women of the Vote 2021 Honorees WOMEN’S HISTORY 11

Ana Roqué de Elizabeth Piper Marie Foster Foster Dr.Dr. Mabel Ping-Hua Ping- VirginiaVirginia Louisa Louisa Mi- Ana Roqué de Elizabeth Piper Duprey Ensley 1917 –2003 HuaLee Lee Minornor Duprey Ensley 1917 –2003 CivilLucy Rights Burns Leader 1896-1966Carrie Chapman Catt 1824Wilhelmina – 1894 18531853 – – 1933 1933 1847-1919 Civil Rights Leader 1896-1966 1824 – 1894 Marie1879 – Foster 1966 was born Suffragist,1859 –1947 Member of AmericanKekelaokalaninui Women Suf- SuffragistSuffragist and and Co- Co- Educator and and African- African- Marie Foster was born Suffragist, Member of American Women inAmerican rural Wilcox Woman Coun- Suf- theAmerican Women’s Woman Political Suf- frageWidemann Activist Dowsett founder of the Unive- American suffragist suffragist founder of the Unive- inty,frage ruralAlabama. Activist Wilcox Because Coun - theEqualityfrage Women’s Activist League Political SuffrageVirginia1861 - 1929 LouisaActivist Minor rsity of Puerto Rico Elizabeth Piper Ensley rsity of Puerto Rico Elizabeth Piper Ensley ty,ofLucy theAlabama. Burnsovert andwas Because non-an EqualityMabelCarrie ChapmanPing- League Hua Catt Lee VirginiawasFounder a courageous Louisaof the Na- Minor ac- Ana Roqué de Duprey, was a champion of the Ana Roqué de Du- was a cham-pion of ofendingAmerican the overtracism suffragist and Marie non- Mabelwas bornan Pingactivist in 1896Hua from inLee wastivisttional a who courageousWomen’s took an Equal ac- also known as “Flor Woman Suffrage the Woman Suffrage Fosterand wom faceden’s daily, rights she wasGuangzhou,Iowa born who inadvocated China.1896 in activisttiveSuffrage role who inAssociation founding took an of prey,del Valle” also (Flowerknown of Movement and became ending racism Marie becameadvocate. a courageousBurns left Leefor suffrage emigrated during to the the theHawai’i Woman Suffrage asthe “Flor Valley), del was Valle” edu- Movementa leading activist and bein -the Foster faced daily, she Guangzhou, China. active role in founding andher studiesunrelenting at Vassar leader Unitedsecond Statesgeneration and at-of AssociationWilhelmina ofKekelao- Mis- (Flowercated in elementaryof the Valley), cameCivilRightsMovement. a leading activ- became a courageous Lee emigrated to the the Woman Suffrage Some names have dates, others inCollege the Civil to join Rights the tendedsuffragists. Barnard Catt Col-was souri.kalaninui It was Widemann the first and secondary school istEnsley in the lived CivilRights in Wash- - United States and Association of Mis- washave educated none inso el I -eliminated the andMovementBritish unrelenting suffrage during leader the legetrained and in Columbia political organizationDowsett was ina fiercethe teaching. Duprey ington D.C and was a ementary and second- Movement. Ensley in1960s.movement the CivilShe asworked Rights a mem- attendedUniversity.activism underBarnard Upon Susan earn- souri.Unitedadvocate It States was for the theto focusen- first showed months a gift and for dayswrit- onprofessor those that at Howard had ary school teaching. lived in Washington Movementcloselyber of the with Women’s duringMartin the CollegeingB. Anthony her Ph.D. and and Columin eco-played- organizationonfranchisement the women’s in of rights,the all ing them at a veryfor consistency.young age University. Also edited She even- Duprey showed a gift D.C and was a profes- 1960s.LutherSocial and King Political Jr. and bianomicsa pivotal University. in role 1921, in Uponhelp-she Unitedevenwomen. predating States After the tothe focus and by the age of 13 tually moved to Bos- some bios are short sorand at someHoward very Uni - otherUnion civil (WSPU). rights Dur-lead- becameing women the gainfirst wom-the Nationalforced annexation Woman’s of forhad writingwritten aat textbook a very ton where she contin- On Sunday, March earning her Ph.D. in on the women’s rights, ersing inher Alabama time oversees, to se- anvote. to obtainIn 1900, a PhD.Catt SuffrageHawai’i, Associationsuffragists youngon long universal soage those and geogra- by need the someversity.ued to teachediting She andmoved as to 7, 1965 a nonviolent economics in 1921, even predating the cureBurns the perfected right to voteher fromsucceeded Columbia Susan Uni- B. (NWSA)from the mainlandfounded by saw phy. Duprey was also Bostonhelped to and build continued a li- voting rights march she became the first National Woman’s ageshown, of 13 hadbut writtennot done. And an In- forsuffrage African protest Americans. tactics. versity.Anthony as President Susanan opportunity B. Anthony for andthe recognized for her tobrary. teach and helped to atroduction textbook on here.univer - was OnBurns scheduled Sunday, returned March to towalk woman of the Lee National believedto obtain Ameri- that a SuffrageElizabethnewly acquired AssociationCady Stan-United insight into astronomy After a move to sal geography. Duprey build a library. the7,the 1965 U.S.54 miles a to nonviolent continue from Sel - PhD.achievingcan Woman from the Columbia Suffrage right for (NWSA)ton.States territory founded to grant by and was named an Colorado, Ensley be- was also recognized After a move to mavotingthe fightto Montgomery,rights for women’s march University.womenAssociation to vote, was an Susan women Minor B. the Anthonymade right a to no- honorary AN INTRODUCTION member of tocame the a Honorees reporter for the, Colorado, Ensley thewassuffrage. statescheduled Uponcapitol. toher walk The important(NAWSA). Lee believed step for that both andtablevote. Elizabeth impact on Cady the forthe herParis insight Society into “Women’s Era”, a for 2020 and 2021, explanation,became aetc. reporter thereturn 54- she miles joined from the American Catt worked and Chinese tire- NWSA In 1899, in 1869 members by astronomyoAstronomers. and Inwas newsletter that is affil- 600 marchers got only achieving the right Stanton. This is mockup copy. In 1899, members SelmaNational to Women’sMontgomery, women.lessly on At a nationalthe age of proposingof the National a legal Ameri- strat- named1893 she an founded honor- foriated the, with “Women’s the National as far as the Edmund for women to vote, Minor made a theSuffrage state capitol.Association The sixteen,level to supportshe partici- suf- agemcan Woman for quickly Suffrage at- Puerto of the Rico’sNational first American Era”,Association Woman a newsletter Su of f-Colored Pettus Bridge, when was an important step notable impact on ary member of the 600(NAWSA) marchers before got only patedfrage. inCatt the worked 1912 suf- tainingAssociation suffrage. (NAWSA) She feminist frage Association newspaper, (NAWLa thatWomen SA) is wrote affiliated (NACW). the with Paris Society oAs- stateasforming far andas the local moreEdmund lawmen mili- forfragewith both politiciansparade American in Newat the thearguedwrote NWSA the simply, “Hawaiian in 1869that the Mujer [Woman]. Even though women in tronomers.“Hawaiian InAppeal”, 1893 askingthe National Asso- attackedPettustant, Congressional Bridge, the marchers when andYork,state Chinese and where national shewomen. level byFourteenthAppeal”, proposing asking Amend- a legalCon- Duprey is consid- Colorado had won the she Congressfounded Puerto to give Hawaiianciation womenof Colored the withstateUnion andbilly for local Woman clubs lawmen and Athelpedincluding, the agelead Woodrowof the 16, parade stratagemmentgress to thegive for Constitu- Hawaiian quickly ered one of Puerto right to vote in 1893, Women (NACW). tearattackedSuffrage gas theandwith marchers drovefellow shewhileWilson participated on who horseback. did not in attainingtionwomen implicitly the suffrage. right guaran- to Rico’sRico’s right to strongestfirst vote. feminist Later, advo- Dowsuffragists sett founded continued the withsuffragist billy Aliceclubs andPaul. Leesupport was Women’s a member Su off- teedvote. the Later, franchise Dowsett to newspaper,cates for women’s La Mujer Evento push though for a national women them back into Selma. the 1912 suffrage She argued simply, National Women’s Equal Suffrage Asso- tear gas and drove thefrage. Women’s Catt was Political a re- women.founded Thethe Nationalassocia- [Woman].suffrage. She was one inwomen’s Colorado suffrage had won Foster was one of the parade in New York, that the Fourteenth ciation of Hawai’i (WESAH) and led the them back into Selma. Equalitylentless lobbyist League and in tionWomen’s adopted Equal her Suargu-f- of the founders of the theamendment. right to voteTo edu- in marchers and because where she helped lead Amendment to the She was one of Foster was one of the 1915by 1918, gave Wilson an im- was mentfrage andAssociation used it wide- of Puerto efforts Rican to enfranchise Feminist thecate women women of of her color the founders of the 1893, suffragists themarchers brutality and ofbecause her theportantin support parade speech of while suffrage titled, on Constitutionly.Hawai’i (WE SAH)implicitly League island. and utilized on how to vote and Puerto Rican Feminist continued to push for beatingthe brutality was of captured her horseback.“China’swhich led Submerged to Lee the pass-was a guaranteed and led the effortsthe fran to - her talents as a writer why they should vote, LeagueIn 1899, and utilizedmembers ofa the national National women’s onbeating film, was she captured came to memberHalf”ing of whichthe of 19th the was amend- Wom cov-- chise enfranchise to women. the women The to gain public support Ensley founded the American Woman Suffragesuffrage Association amendment. on film, she came to en’seredment Politicalby in the1920. New Equality York association of her island. adopted herfor thetalents cause as of a wom-writer Colored Women’s embody the challeng- embody the challenges Times. In this speech toen’s (NAW gain suffrage. publicSA) wrote sup- the “HawaiianToRepublic educate Appeal”,Club. women of es the protesters faced. League and in 1915 her argument and used the protesters faced. she said: “The welfare port for the cause of color on how to vote gave an important it widely. On March 21, two of China and possibly and why they should speech titled, “China’s women’s suffrage. weeks later, Foster, its very existence as an vote, Ensley founded with two injured Submergedtardy justice Half.”to its Ed- the Colored Women’s Edited 4 lines to fit ited 4 lines to fit Honorees – pp 10-12 Republic Club. WOMEN’S HISTORY 10

14 WOMEN’S HISTORY

WOMEN’S HISTORY 12 Valiant Women of the Vote 2021 Honorees

Anna HowardHoward Maria Teresa Teresa Ku- Eleanor Holmes Holmes TerryTerry Ao Ao Minnis Minnis Edith Mayo Mayo Shaw Kumarmar Norton Senior Director of Suffrage Historian, Shaw Senior Director of the Suffrage Historian,

1847 – – 1919 1919 CEO, VotoVoto Latino Latino LucyCivil RightsBurnsRights Leader, Leader, theCarrieCensus Census Chapmanand Votingand Vot Catt - Women’sWilhelminaWomen’s History

American Woman Woman Suf- Maria Teresa Kumar 1879Congressperson,Con-gressperson, – 1966 Law- ing1859Programs, Programs, –1947 Asian Asian MovementKekelaokalaninui Activist Activist Maria Teresa Kumar is Suffragefrage Activist Activist is a Hispanic Ameri- AmericanyerLawyer and Organizer and Woman Organizer Suf- AmericansAmericanAmericans Woman Advancing Advancing Suf- EdithWidemann MayoMayo Dowsettis is a ahisto- histo- a Hispanic American Dr. Anna Howard frageEleanor Activist Holmes JusticefrageJustice Activist rian1861rian ofof - 1929 thethe women’s women’s Dr. Anna Howard canPolitical Political rights rights and Eleanor Holmes Nor- Shaw was a leader of Lucy Burns was an CarrieTerry AoChapman Minnis Cattis a Foundersuffrage movementof the Na- Shaw was a leader of andvoting voting rights rights activist. tonNorton is a civil is a rightscivil Terry Ao Minnis is a suffrage movement the women’s suffrage American suffragist wasvoting an rightsactivist activist from tionaland an Women’s activist of Equal the the women’s suf- activist.Kumar was Kumar born inwas leaderrights andleader political and voting rights activist and an activist of movement in the Unit- and women’s rights Iowawho haswho dedicated advocated her Suffragewomen’s Association history of frage movement in bornBogota, in ColumbiaBogota, Co and- organizer.political organizer. Her work on who has dedicated the women’s history ed States who was advocate. Burns left forcareer suffrage to fight during for the the Hawai’imovement. She is the grew up in Sonoma, voting rights dates theespecially United known States for who lumbia and grew up in herHer studies work aton Vassar voting hersecondright career to generationequal to accessfight of to movement.Wilhelminacurrent curator Kekelao-She Emerita is the Some names have dates, California. others She at- back to the 1960s and washer affiliation especially with known the Sonoma, California. Collegerights dates to join back the to forsuffragists.the theballot. right Minnis Catt to equalwas at- currentkalaninuifor Political curator Widemann History Emeri at - tended college at Har- continues today. Nor- forNationalhave her noneaffiliation American so I eliminatedwith She attended the college Britishthe 1960s suffrage and con- accesstrainedtended thetoin politicalthe University ballot. taDowsettthe for Smithsonian Political was a fierce HistoryNa- vard’s Kennedy Uni- ton earned a bachelor’s Woman’s Suffrage movement as a mem- activismof Chicago under where Susan she advocatetional Museum for the of en- themonths National and American days on atversitythose Harvard’s School that Kennedy hadof Gov- degreetinues fromtoday. Antioch Norton Minnis attended the at the Smithsonian Association ber of the Women’s B.earned Anthony her bachelo and playedr’s franchisementAmerican History. of all Woman’sthem for Suffrage consistency. As- Universityernment Also andedited School the Uni- of Collegearnede aand bachelor’s master’s University of Chicago National Museum of (NAWSA). Social and Political adegree pivotal in role economics. in help- women.Mayo has After dedicated the sociation (NAWSA). Governmentversity of California and the anddegree law fromdegrees Antioch from where she earned her American History. some Shaw bios was bornare inshort and some very Union (WSPU). Dur- ingShe womenthen continued gain the her forcedher career annexation to making of Shaw was born in Davis. YaleCollege University. and master’s She bachelor’s degree in Mayo has dedicated England and raised in University of Califor- ing her time oversees, vote.education In 1900, at American Catt Hawai’i,women’s sufhistoryfragists more long so those need some Kumar editing witnessed as currently serves as the EnglandMichigan. and She raised had a in nia Davis. Burnsand law perfected degrees her from economics.succeededUniversity’s Susan SheWash B.then- herfromaccessible career the mainland andto making inclu- saw shown, but not done. first-hand And an how In- Latinos Congressional Repre- Michigan.distinguished She profes- had a Kumar witnessed suffrageYale University. protest tactics. She continuedAnthonyington College as her President educaof Law - women’sansive opportunity and to history making for themore lack access to services sentative for the Dis- distinguishedsionaltroduction career and here. profes was - first-hand how Latinos currently Burns returned serves asto tionofwhere the at National sheAmerican received Ameri- Uni her- accessiblenewlysure women acquired and receive Unitedinclu- in California. Kumar trict of Columbia. highly educated in a the U.S. to continue canlaw Womandegree. SheSuffrage is a Statesbalanced territory representa- to grant sional career and was recognizedlack access that to servicestech- Nortonthe Congressional became active versity’s Washington sive and to making wide variety of fields. the fight for women’s Associationkey leader on cam- womention in the right to highlyAN INTRODUCTION educated in a to nologyin theCalifornia. Honorees was a powerful Kumar inRepresentative the civil rights forand the College of Law where sure women receive In the 1890s Shaw suffrage. Upon her (NAWSA).paigns reauthorizing vote.museums. She is well wide variety of fields. toolrecognized to connect that young tech- votingDistrict rights of Columbia. move- she received her law balanced representa- decidedfor 2020 to anddedicate 2021, explanation, etc. return she joined the the CattVoting worked Rights tire- Act known In 1899, and widelymembers voters to the vital in- mentsNorton as became a college active stu- degree. She is a key tion in museums. She herselfThis In isthe full mockup 1890s time to Shawcopy. the Innology 1899, memberswas a power - National Women’s lesslyand has on written a national nu- ofrespected the National for her Ameri- work formation they needed dent. She was an or- decidedsuffrage cause.to dedicate ful tool to connect Suffragein the civil Association rights and leaderlevelmerous to on supportarticles campaigns andsuf- iscanin welldocumenting Woman known Suffrage andAfri- of the National American to Womanstay politically Suf- con- ganizer for the Student herself full time to young voters to the (NAWSA)voting rights before move - reauthorizingfrage.amicus Catt briefs worked in the sup- widelyAssociationcan American respected (NAWSA) suffra- for frage Association (NAW scious.SA) wrote In 2004, the Voto Nonviolent Coordinat- formingments as the a morecollege mili- Votingwithport ofpoliticians votingRights rights. Actat the and herwrotegist workhistory. the “inHawaiian document - the suffrage cause. Latinovital information was founded they ing Committee “Hawaiian Appeal”, asking tant, Congressional state Terry and nationalAo Minnis level is Appeal”, Mayo askingbegan herCon- Shaw served first as andneeded Kumar to staybecame po- the (SNCC)student. andShe partici- was has written numerous ing African American Congress to give Hawaiian women the Union for Woman including,currently the Woodrow Senior gresscareer to at give a time Hawaiian when Vice President, and presidentlitically conscious. and CEO of In patedan organizer in Mississippi for the articles and amicus suffragist history. Suffrage with fellow WilsonDirector who of Census did not and womenwomen’s the his righttory towas laterright as to President,vote. Later, of Dow the2004,sett non-profit, founded Voto Latino thenon- was FreedomStudent NonviolentSummer, a briefs in support of Mayo began her suffragist Alice Paul. supportVoting ProgramsWomen’s forSu f- vote.largely Later, ignored Dowsett by National Women’s Equal partisan Suffrage organization Asso- campaignCoordinating to register Com - voting rights. career at a time when the National American founded and Kumar frage.Asian CattAmericans was a re-Ad- foundedhistorians. the A National Mayo’s that was to increase the state’s disenfran- Woman’s ciation of SuffrageHawai’i As(WE- SAH)became and the led president the mittee (SNCC) and lentlessvancing Terry lobbyistJustice Ao Minnis and women’sWomen’swork and dedicationEqualhistory Su wasf- to voter registration in chised African Ameri- sociation (NAWSA) and CEO of the non- participated in Mis- isby(AAJC). fighting 1918, AAJCWilson for is civilwas a largelyfragethe women’s Association ignored history by of efforts to enfranchise the Hispanic women and of herLatino can citizens to vote, in sissippi Freedom rightsin support and ofempower suffrage - historians.Hawai’i (WE ASAH) Mayo’s fromisland. 1904-1915. Dur- communities.profit, non-partisan With 1964. non-profit organization movement is visible which led to the pass- and led the efforts to ing her lifetime, Shaw Kumarorganization as president, that was Summer, a campaign ingfighting Asian for Americans civil rights workthroughout and dedica her 40 -year In 1899, members of the National ing of the 19th amend- enfranchise the women was widely respected Vototo increase Latino voterhas regis- reg- to register the state’s toand create empowering a more Asianjust tioncareer to with the women’sthe Smith- American Woman Suffrage Association ment in 1920. of her island. as a public speaker teredistration over in a quarterHispanic disenfranchised Afri- AmericaAmericans for to all.create a historysonian. Mayo’smovement exhi b-is million voters and in- more just America for it, Parlor to Prison ran (NAWSA) wrote the “Hawaiian Appeal”, can American citizens visible throughout her and effective orga- creasedand Latino Latino communi voter - all. for ten years and set nizer for the suffrage turnout.ties. With This Kumar one mil- as to vote, in 1964. 40-yearthe standard career for with cause. lionpresident, voters byVoto the Latino 2020 theshowcase Smithsonian. the historic election.has registered over a contributions of wom- Editedquarter 8 million lines to voters. fit en.Edited 9 lines. WOMEN’S HISTORY 15 — 2021 NWHA PARTNERS — The National Women’s History Alliance is proud to list our 2021 Partners who share our goal of recog- nizing the importance and historic achievements of multicultural American women. Each Partner, in their own way, is raising the visibility and celebrating the diversity of women’s efforts and is helping to build the Women’s History Alliance. The NWHA has served as the hub for women’s history for 40 years and is now ex- panding our role in the 21st century as an active national center for women’s history groups and resources. Our goal is to connect the many individuals, projects, educational institutions and professionals inter- ested in promoting women’s history with eachother. The number of grassroots organizations that recog- nized the Suffrage Centennial is dazzling and many are continuing. We all agree that we want to secure the progress we’ve made this past year and ensure that women are never again overlooked in American history. To build a solid Women’s History Alliance and learn from the work of others, we encourage you to visit the websites of our 2021 Partners. Every one offers unique links to information and resources. Visit them on social media and join their mailing lists so you can keep up with what’s being accomplished. Each 2021 Partner has a direct link on our website.

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Kate Stevenson Bringing to life historic and contem- New Sage Press is an independent book publisher based porary role models through music and performance to in Oregon. We have been publishing nonfiction books since inspire, educate, and engage a new generation of leaders. 1985, committed to quality in content and production. www.katecampbellstevenson.com www.newsagepress.com

League of Women Voters of Sonoma County is de- Nicole Evelina is an author of stories about strong voted to the informed and active participation of citizens women from history and today, including historical f in government through voter education and advocacy. Join iction and non-fiction that bring the lives of little-known us as we celebrate 101 years of empowering people to cre- women to light. nicoleevelina.com ate a more perfect democracy. www.lwvsonoma.org

Marguerite Kearns Newly released UNFINISHED October Rose Productions celebrates the ordinary and REVOLUTION about my grandparents and family - a extraordinary lives of women throughout history whose model of a memoir about regular people in the early US voices may have been omitted or silenced. Currently com- women’s rights movement. www.Unfinished- memorating Women’s Suffrage in the virtual (or live, post Revolution.com COVID-19) production www.lindasongs.com/Suffrage Maryland Federation of Business and Professional Pennsylvania Affiliate Chapter of the National Federation Women (BPW/MD)’s mission is to achieve equity and of Business and Professional Women Clubs NFBPWC helps develop the business, professional and leadership potential of economic self-sufficiency for all women in the workplace women on all levels through education, advocacy, networking, through advocacy, education, and information. and mentoring. www.facebook.com/groups/671796126783219/ bpwmaryland.org www.nfbpwc.org/Pennsylvania

Maryland NOW Sandy Bell Poetry Matters Project ‘s mission is to build community Maryland NOW’s mission is to work to eliminate discrimi- connections through collaboration under the guise of nation and harassment in the workplace, schools, the poetry. Looking forward to the celebration! justice system, and all other sectors of society. www.poetrymattersproject.org www.marylandnow.org

Maryland Women’s Heritage Center’s mission is to Social Concerns of Atlanta Friends Meeting preserve the past, understand the present, and shape the encourages and supports individual members and future by recognizing, respecting and transmitting the ex- attendees in their social concerns. Leads plans and periences and contributions of Maryland women and girls. organizes the Meeting’s social outreach. www.mdwomensheritagecenter.org atlantaquakers.org

Matilda Joslyn Gage Foundation is dedicated to SOS: Sisters of Suffrage is a collaborative of diverse educating, especially through the use of dialogue,current women’s organizations in Central Florida dedicated to the and future generations about Gage’s work and its power to multicultural celebration of women’s suffrage through drive contemporary social change. programs, education and materials. Contact through www.matildajoslyngage.org Facebook or [email protected]

National Center on Domestic and Sexual Violence Sienna Foothills Unitarian Universalist’s mission is NCDSV offers consulting, training and advocacy on issues build a beloved community that reflects diversity as we relating to domestic violence and sexual abuse nourish the spirit, care for the earth and inspire faithful www.ncdsv.org/ncd_linksdisab acts of peace and justice. www.mysfuu.org

National Council of Negro Women, Inc. Suffrage100MA is continuing to work to obtain final ap- Its mission is to lead, advocate for, and empower women proval for markers for women suffragist in Massachusetts. of African descent, their families and communities. Our 1000 Classroom Initiate provides college professors, www.ncnw.org high school and middle school teachers with women’s history materials. suffrage100ma.org

National Women’s History Museum Founded in The Schlesinger Library of the Radcliffe Institute for 1996, the NWHM is the nation’s only and most recognized Advanced Study holds the finest collection of resources for women’s history museum dedicated to uncovering, inter- research on the history of women in America. All research- preting, and celebrating women’s diverse contributions to ers are welcome to use the collection. society. www.nwhm.org www.radcliff.harvard.edu/schlesinger-library WOMEN’S HISTORY 17 Women Who Refused to be Silenced

merica’s democracy has been described as a government by and for and of the people. In 2020, the country cel- ebrated the 100th anniversary of the greatest nonviolent expansion of this democracy – the enfranchisement of American women. Securing and preserving our democratic rights has always been a challenge. From the earliest yearsA to contemporary times - the Women’s March, Black Lives Matter, and Me Too Movements, women have stepped forward and spoken up to help ensure the survival of our ideals by challenging those who would deny all citizens the right to govern themselves. In 2021, we recognize the role of women leaders with the expanded themeValiant Women of the Vote - Refusing to be Silenced. We recognize and emphasize the ongoing importance of making one’s voice heard in order to protect what we hold dear. Here are just a few examples from our history of women refusing to be silenced.

Night of Terror Mississippi Democratic Executive Order 9066 Declaration of Freedom Party Conscience In 1942, after being re- “Those who shout the “Never forget where we leased from Arizona’s loudest about American- came from and always Poston Relocation Camp, ism are all too frequently praise the bridges that 11-year-old Terry Grim- those who . . . ignore some carried us over.” mesey was interrogated of the basic principles of - Fannie Lour Hamer and threatened by the Americanism – the right FBI. She was ordered to to criticize, the right to never speak the Japanese hold unpopular beliefs, the language again. Impris- right to protest, the right of oned with other Japanese independent thought.” citizens in remote des- ert locations because of - Margaret Chase Smith Executive Order 9066, she was shunned by former On November 15, 1917, friends even after her re- Lucy Burns was beaten lease. Realizing that none and tortured by the DC of what happened was her police. Defying the threats fault, she taught for 21 of a straight jacket and years with a special eye gag, shackled to her jail toward children she could cell door, she called out the see were suffering from be- names of other imprisoned On June 9, 1963, Fannie ing “different.” On June 1, 1950, Marga- suffragists to make sure Lou Hamer was brutally ret Chase Smith, the only they were alright after be- beaten by other prisons by woman in the US Senate, ing dragged or thrown into order of the police who had defied the censorship and cells. arrested her for helping ridicule of all but six of people to vote. Despite her Republican colleagues “It is unthinkable that suffering life-long injuries, when she stood on the Sen- a national government she defied her oppres- ate floor and denounced which represents women sors by becoming one of the anti-American tactics should ignore the issue of the strongest voices of the of Senator Joseph McCar- the right of all women to Voter Registration Move- thy. In her eloquent “Dec- political freedom.” ment and co-founder of the laration of Conscience” National Women’s Political “Teachers have a chance - Lucy Burns speech, she denounced the Caucus. to teach children not to fact that some members hate and to show kindness were turning the Senate to one another.” into “a forum of hate and

- Terry Grimmesey character assassination.” 18 WOMEN’S HISTORY Women Who Refused to be Silenced

Political Violence Voter Registration Indigenous Mobilization

On January 11, 2011, while “This is on my people’s land, and I have the right to meeting with constitu- protect it for my future generations,” Our people will not ents in front of a Tucson be bullied, and we’re not criminals for protecting our grocery store, Congress- water. What they forget to realize is that we have been woman Gabrielle Giffords occupying and living on this land for generations. And was shot in the head at this just goes to show that we need to keep showing up close range by a gunman as a people. We need to keep up the resistance,” who opened fire and killed - Jasilyn Charger six others. She survived, elders as being young and slowly recovered her voice, female, Charger did not re- and refused to be silenced, “Our ability to participate main silent. Instead, with becoming a leading figure in government, to elect our a cousin and a friend, she in reducing gun violence. leaders and to improve started a small encamp- our lives is contingent ment that became the seed upon our ability to access from which the movement the ballot.” against the pipeline grew to include thousands of dem- - Stacey Abrams onstrators affecting mil- In 2014, to protect the lions of people and echoing Defeated in her bid for across the world. governor of Georgia, out- land and water from being spoken state representa- poisoned, Lakota Sioux On January 8, 2021, two teenager tive Stacey Abrams used Jasilyn Charger days after the violent in- her newfound visibility to bravely challenged power- surrection at our nation’s organize Black neighbor- ful TransCanada Energy, capital Jasilyn Charger the company behind the was arrested and charged “My resolution, standing hoods, register new voters, Dakota Access and Key- for nonviolently resisting with the vast majority of and motivate existing vot- stone XL pipelines. Dis- oil pipeline construction in Americans who know we ers in the special January missed even by her tribal South Dakota. can and must be safer, is 2021 run-off election for to cede no ground to those senators. Her refusal to be who would convince us the sidelined and her decision path is too steep, or we too to raise her voice resulted weak.” in a Democratic Senate and - Gabrielle Giffords a new political image for Georgia.

WOMEN’S HISTORY 19

WOMEN’S HISTORY FORUM

EARE HAPPY to open our Women’s History Forum to encourage wider discussion of issues W related to women's history from a variety of viewpoints. Feel free to respond or offer additional perspectives. We welcome your input and more serious examination of topics of current interest. Please email your comments or ideas to NWHA Editor at [email protected].

KRYSTA JONES

The Fruits of Our Democracy

“There can be no truer principle Unfortunately, at times when chal- only ponder and discuss, but to proac- than this – that every individual of the lenged to more accurately tell the full tively endeavor to voraciously undo cen- community at large has an equal right story of how white suffragists treated turies of inequality. As leaders in com- to the protection of government.” Black women during the movement, memorating such a major milestone, we --Alexander Hamilton, Speech at there seemed to be an indignant should ensure multiracial voices in every Constitutional Convention, June 29, 1787 deflection. As we continue our com- aspect of our work, apply historical memoration, it is critical that everyone lessons to the challenges of today, and BELIEVE that most Americans truly understands that despite our valiant use our privilege to invest in solutions. want us to reach the pinnacle of attempts to be included in the definition White women should lean into being democracy – true equality under the of “women” in the 19th amendment, it allies, and truly view 2021 as a part of I would not be until 1965, when African our greater efforts towards equality, law. “We the people” have spent the last 232 years working towards this ideal. American women could legally vote which turned a major corner in 1920. Through social movements and legis- without government sanctioned interfer- Let’s learn from what we lation we have made progress on that ence, and today, we are still not equal. commemorated in 2020 – that tenacity journey, and we have also gone off Our 2021 struggle has changed since and steadfastness in the face of con- course along the way. 1920, but our goal remains. Parallel to tinuous defeat, and the collective power In 2020, we exuberantly commem- the commemoration of a major step in of our voices – will lead to victory. This orated 100 years since women won the our national quest to equality, we as a helped white women achieve the goal of right to vote amid a pandemic and a nation have somberly acknowledged that winning the vote. Those same tenets can national awakening on racial injustice. we can no longer ignore white su- move us closer to Hamilton’s Through well-intentioned scholars and premacy, which was woven into the proclamation of equal rights by the gov- feminists, we learned about the struggle fabric of the zeitgeist during our ernment, and allow us all to one day of the suffragists, the anti suffrage country’s beginnings. If the true goal is enjoy the fruits of our democracy. equality, it’s clear that we are far from movement, the male supporters, and Krysta Jones is the national co-chair of the occasionally, the stories of Black women our destination. Women’s Vote Centennial Initiative and the included more than Delta Sigma Theta The national events of the last seven founder of Vote Lead Impact, which focuses Sorority and Ida B. Wells’ role in the months, should encourage those debating on educating African Americans about the 1913 suffrage march. our nation’s progress on any front, to not political process.

Truth-Telling: Frances Willard and Ida B. Wells

A new, award-winning community history project organized by the Frances Willard House Museum offers the opportunity to examine the larger history of racism in American women’s movements. The digital exhibit, “Truth-Telling: Frances Willard and Ida B. Wells” explores charges of racism and failure of leadership on the question of lynching against the widely respected WCTU head by the prominent journalist and anti-lynching activist. The project includes a digital exhibit of original archival sources, community conversations, and public programs. The goal is to uncover the full truth of the conflict, and explore its many meanings and ramifications for our world today. https://scalar.usc.edu/works/willard-and-wells/index

20 WOMEN’S HISTORY

ROBERT P. J. COONEY, JR. The Challenge of Telling Complex History

WAS RECENTLY ASKED, by a friend of ignorance and misinformation. And Many people are just learning of this who had been asked this herself, some men enjoy pitting women against important part of American history. It Iwhat would I say to women of color women. would be wrong for them to dismiss too who are critical of white suffragists. Women who were suffragists may quickly this or any successful, nonvio- What I thought was, what a complex have been complicit but they weren’t the lent, grassroots drive for collective story to tell. main ones responsible for the racist so- freedom for being imperfect since to do I do emphasize to largely white audi- so would deny our power and the lessons ences that the movement was always of history. multiracial and that one organization’s My approach has been to recognize history is not the story of the movement. and take pride in Black and minority Black women and men were there from suffragists and their hard won achieve- the beginning and there was support ments rather than presenting them as for women’s equality in native and victims of the culture that they lived in immigrant communities throughout and actually fought against. Their the country. achievements rise above divisions and Criticism of white suffragists who difficulties. These need to be acknowl- did not support the interests of Black or edged but the complex, multifaceted minority women is certainly understand- story of women’s drive for political and able. I’ve heard the pain and anger of personal liberation is much greater. being discriminated against and unjustly excluded from history. I wonder, how- Working together ever, if the weight of criticism should fall so heavily on suffragists or on the I believe that what united these strug- men in power who denied women of all gling women at the time – essentially the races equal rights. dream of freedom – was much stronger than what separated them, and that The weight of criticism women from many backgrounds worked together in states across the country. Singling out white women who were They organized, met together with suffragists from the dominant, racist, Banner for domestic workers who marched shared interests, planned actions and white male power structure seems almost in the 1914 Connecticut suffrage parade. waged statewide electoral campaigns to like a smear campaign against progres- gain advancement together in a divided sive women. We need to remember that cial order. Women had no political and imperfect nation. And, ultimately, it was men, citizens and lawmakers, who power to pass or block any laws at this they won. enforced not only slavery but women’s time. These women did what they could Working together – and even subordination. To me, that is the place to advance their rights in the face of separately – for the same goal was suf- to put the most energy, not imperfect racial division. Women in Black fragists’ real achievement; that helped allies. Suffragists challenged the patriar- organizations campaigned steadily for win allies and convert opponents. The chy and refused to continue with the way the 19th Amendment and journalists and suffrage movement is an exceptional things were. How do the men in charge newspapers kept the issue alive in Black model of diverse coalitions winning always seem to escape accountability? communities. successful social change without vio- I would note that much of what has Suffragists were well aware of the lence despite overwhelming opposition been circulating this past year, essential- racism that surrounded them which, like by those in power. That’s why it’s so ly pitting Black suffragists against White sexism and militarism, have been tragi- important for us to learn from what the suffragists is, at best, only partially accu- cally ingrained in American society. suffragists achieved and apply those rate or quoted out of context. To get a Historian Rosalyn Terborg-Penn exam- lessons in today’s still divided world. true picture, one must consult historians ined prejudice in the suffrage movement Robert P. J. Cooney, Jr. is the author of and read original sources, and then over twenty years ago. It’s an important Winning the Vote: The Triumph of the understand the context. Since the part of our history to acknowledge but American Woman Suffrage Movement and subject was never taught, there is a lot it’s not the full, compelling story. an editor of this magazine. WOMEN’S HISTORY 21

DR. MYRIAM MIEDZIAN The Shaming Must Stop: Elizabeth Cady Stanton

& Susan B. Anthony are American Heroes

HE REPUTATIONS OF first women’s rights conven- Elizabeth Cady tion in U.S. history. Stanton T Stanton and Susan B. and Anthony’s fifty-year Anthony, two illustrious fight for women’s rights figures in U.S. history, have included married women’s been sullied extensively and rights to their salaries and unjustly. This is part of a their children, and all larger phenomenon whereby women’s rights to higher historical figures – especially education and suffrage. women – are dismissed and Their successes in New shamed as imperfect, regard- York inspired women in less of their achievements. other states. While many historians In an era of profound have foregrounded Stanton racism, Stanton supported and Anthony’s forays into Black/White intermarriage, racism, most have also and welcomed Black people acknowledged their ac- to her home – Sojourner complishments. But most On August 26, 2020, the Women’s Rights Pioneers Monument Truth and Frederick Douglass honoring Sojourner Truth, Susan B. Anthony, and Elizabeth media commentators point to were house guests. Douglass Cady Stanton was unveiled as the first statue of real women in Stanton and Anthony’s racist Central Park’s 167-year history. deplored some of Stanton’s comments and ignore their Photo by New York City Parks Department political assertions, but as extraordinary achievements. Professor Nell Irvin Painter Millions of Americans have and other objectionable pantheon to be clean. But I points out, “recalling her been misinformed and disem- behaviors. need it to be filled with hospitality in the days when powered. Ignoring women’s But to critique such be- warriors.” respectable white people accomplishments serves to haviors while ignoring their As a leading spokeswoman turned away blacks, he perpetuate a sense of male extraordinary achievements for abolition, Anthony was praised her for personal superiority. distorts the historical record. often subjected to intensely freedom from racism.” After the Civil War, male As Ta Nehisi Coates points hostile behavior and armed Numerous black suffragists abolitionists withdrew sup- out, it sets unrealistic judg- threats. celebrated Anthony. Mary port for universal suffrage mental criteria. In 1864 when President Church Terrell wrote, “...we and withheld funds intended He writes, “I find myself in Lincoln was reluctant to owe [Anthony] a debt of for women’s rights. sympathy for both Stanton support a 13th Amendment gratitude which cannot be Outraged, Stanton and and Anthony who after de- freeing all the slaves, Stanton expressed in words...” Anthony refused to support voting so much of their and Anthony got the The current portrayal of the 15th Amendment giving early lives to abolitionism, Women’s National Loyal Stanton and Anthony as Black men only the vote. hoped for some reciprocity League, which they founded unforgivable racists rests in They lamented that illiterate which did not come ... I think to collect 400,000 signatures large part on criticisms which former slaves and “ignorant of Stanton and Anthony mis- in support of it. This played a are false including the immigrants” could vote, stepping, but always pushing, significant role in accusation that they left black while educated women could always agitating, always getting Lincoln to endorse it. women suffragists out of the History of Woman Suffrage. not. Understandably, they expanding.” He concludes In 1848, Stanton played a In fact, the first three have been criticized for these “I don’t need my personal major role in organizing the volumes, to which they were 22 WOMEN’S HISTORY major contributors contain We demand nothing more lized and Irish Americans as This is how it should be 85 references to them. This for these two extraordinary drunkards. In the 1878 elec- for Stanton and Anthony as false accusation has led to women than that they be tion Douglass supported a well. attributing Black suffrag- treated by the same stan- Confederate general over an Dr. Myriam Miedzian is a ists’ invisibility to White dards as their male contem- African American attorney. former Philosophy Professor, suffragists’ racism. In fact poraries including Freder- Blight deplores this behav- and the author of Boys Will they are both invisible due ick Douglass. ior, but quickly moves on to Be Boys:Breaking the Link Between Masculinity and to sexism. Middle and high In Frederick Douglass: celebrate Frederick Doug- Violence. She and her husband school history textbooks do Prophet of Freedom, Yale lass the brilliant leader in Gary Ferdman are the found- not even devote one chapter professor David Blight de- the struggle against slavery ers of Monumental Women, to a seventy-year nonviolent scribes Douglass’s anti-slav- and racist injustice. There is the non-profit responsible for movement which changed ery speeches which portray no public sullying of Doug- the first statue to honor real the lives of all of us. Native Americans as uncivi- lass’s reputation. women in Central Park.

2021 WE ARE It’s My Party! ON NWHA STANDING THE PARTNERS SHOULDERS Continued Virtual Women’s Su rage from Page16 Songs History & Singalongs • live or virtual interactive presentation for groups • licensing for events and video • sheet music, choral music • recorded & instrumental tracks Joyce J. Rouse • event consultation author & composer

Rouse House LLC, Earth Mama® Music Productions Joyce @earthmama.org • www.earthmama.org www.standingontheshoulders.org

The Women’s Shift To Equality facilitates positive Women’s Equality Day Celebration across Maryland change with links to organizations providing solutions, (WEDC) COMMEMORATING, CELEBRATING, and CHEERING advocacy, a one-stop directory of government officials, as a central hub and resource about the suffragists, the and our newsletter that curates news about events affect- ing women’s equality. #WomensEquality#PassItOn suffrage movement, and Maryland’s role in this campaign. www.TheWomensShiftToEquality.org Facebook.com/WEDCacrossMD WEAR (Women for Education, Advocacy & Rights) is a Women On 20s is launching a renewed campaign to nonprofit organized by students to increase integration of women’s compel the US Treasury and the new Secretary of the history in education & achieve gender equality.Sign our petition to have more women’s history included in the school curriculum Treasury to fast track the production and circulation of www.changeorg/p/integrate-women-s-history-into-fcps- new currency featuring Tubman on the $20, as promised elementary-middle-school-curriculums?redirect=false in 2016. Please join us. www.womenon20s.org Women’s Vote Centennial Initiative, a collaboration of Wild West Women/Ishtar/ Our primary goal is to women-centered institutions, organizations, and scholars increase public awareness of women’s achievements and from across the US, works to ensure that this anniversary, their roles in history and to provide positive public images and the 72-year fight to achieve it, is commemorated. of women and girls. www.wildwestwomen.org 2020centennial.org

Sacramento Valley Section of the National Council of Monumental Women An all-volunteer not-for-profit Negro Women (NCNW) disseminates information about organization with the initial goal of breaking the bronze issues affecting African American, others and their families ceiling and creating the first statue of real women in while promoting healthy lifestyle and behavior. Central Park’s 167-year history. WOMEN’S HISTORY 23

MARTHA S. JONES Black Women Marchers in the 1913 Parade

To give documented informa- worried that Black women owners Dr. Amanda Gray rade of the noble women who tion about the 1913 Parade, we would be discredited if they and Dr. Eva Ross joined the are in favor of equal suffrage.” are including this excerpt from marched. They risked unsex- parade. There was a contingent After much strife within the Vanguard: How Black Women ing themselves by joining an of so-called college women Illinois delegation, Wells Broke Barriers, Won the Vote, event that she likened to civil that included Oberlin College marched alongside the state’s and Insisted on Equality for All unrest. Julius Taylor, editor graduate and advocate for early white women and ended the by Martha S. Jones. of the Broad Ax, a Chicago childhood education Ana Ev- day satisfied with their joint weekly, mocked the women as ans Murray, M. Street School presence. till, Paul’s 1913 parade– unattractive, disorganized, and French instructor Georgia Some concluded their planned and peopled by generally without a purpose. Simpson, and Smith Col- thinking about the March by Swomen-was something In the few days she had lege graduate Harriet Shadd. sweeping the tensions under new. And the prospect of between lectures in New York, Howard university students the rug. Looking back, Julius Black women participating Terrell headed back to Wash- --sorority members — Taylor at the Broad Ax judged unsettled the organizers. The that racism had been kept at NAWSA had long worked by bay during the 1913 March: way of a dirty compromise “No color line existed in any with white supremacy that put part of it. Afro American the interests of Southern white women proudly marched right women above those of Black by the side of the white sis- women, no matter where in ters.” Black women warranted the country they were from. special credit, in Taylor’s Paul later recalled that she had assessment. They had been deployed an organizer to en- present and, perhaps despite courage the “college woman“ his fears, they “were accorded at Howard University to attend every courtesy and did nothing the parade, and she settled the to reflect discredit on the race“. matter of precisely where they It was an odd assessment given would march by assigning how much strife Black women them to the “college section”, had faced in the weeks before adjacent to a delegation of the march. men, and where Paul herself Program cover from the only suffrage parade in the nation’s capital. would March. Objections to Excerpt © 2020 by Martha the black women’s participa- ington. She made her way to joined the procession decked S. Jones. Her Vanguard book tion poured in, and Paul nearly the parade that morning along out in caps and gowns. is available from Basic Books balked. with dozens of Black women and the NWHA web store. The parade was tainted by who shared education, voca- A Joint Presence the ambivalence that sur- tions, and middle-class circles Martha S. Jones is the Society rounded the prospect of Black of philanthropy and sociability. At least three Black women of Black Alumni Presidential women marchers. Terrell’s There was Clifford, a poet and marched with their state Professor and professor of his- NACW collaborator Carrie Terrell‘s ally in the NACW, delegations, Mrs. McCoy tory at John Hopkins Univer- Clifford noted that the lo- the NAACP, and anti-lynching with Michigan, a Mrs. Duff- sity and prizewinning author cal suffrage committee had work. Sculptor May Howard ield with New York, and Ida of Birthright Citizens and All been “reluctant” to encourage Jackson, whose husband taught B Wells with Illinois: “Mrs. Bound up Together and an edi- Black women to join in. Black in the city’s local schools, Ida B. Wells-Barnett, proudly tor of Toward an Intellectual suffragists faced “conflicting appeared. Director of the marched with the head officials History of Black Women. rumors” that “disheartened Washington Conservatory of or with the head Ladies of the many” who had good reason to Music Harriet Gibbs Marshall Illinois delegation showing stay away. NACW president and Howard University-trained that no Color line existed in Margaret Murray Washington pharmacists and drug store any part of the first national pa- 24 WOMEN’S HISTORY

THE NATION RECOGNIZES WOMEN’S HISTORY Statues and Memorials Help Us Remember

Sculpture and image courtesy of © Barbara Grygutis 2020 Stand, the monumental sculpture by Barbara Grygutis, was unveiled in downtown Lexington, Kentucky, on August 19, 2020.

HE MOVEMENT to reclaim public Suffragists Cast in Bronze Collier McWilliams Monument honors spaces and honor the achieve- the Florida suffragist, and Christia Adair ments of women took a giant step Many significant national figures from Park in Texas features a mural in her T both the early and later years of the suf- forward during the women’s suffrage honor. In cities and towns across Amer- centennial. Throughout the country, frage movement are now being cast in ica, women who were suffragists are statues have been commissioned, murals bronze and remembered in innovative being recognized as never before. painted, concerts performed, streets re- ways. New statues also honor state and In Tennessee, statues of women named and artwork of all sorts created to local figures, such as Arizona suffragist activists now grace several cities. The honor the memory and success of Amer- Frances Munds, first voter Louisa Swain Tennessee Woman Suffrage Monument ican suffragists. in Wyoming, and Martha Hughes Can- in Nashville’s Centennial Park depicts Perhaps one of the most far reaching non, the first female state senator who Carrie Chapman Catt, Sue Shelton and lasting results of the centennial is the now represents Utah in the U.S. Capitol White, J. Frankie Pierce, Anne Dallas creation of statues and memorials and Building’s Statuary Hall. Dudley and Abby Crawford Milton. the renaming of parks and schools to pay In Richmond, the Virginia Women’s Three more state suffragists are depicted tribute American suffragists and passage Monument features statues of suffragist in Knoxville’s spirited Tennessee Wom- of the 19th Amendment. Throughout the Adele Clark, Maggie L. Walker and ten an Suffrage Memorial, not far from the U.S., these significant changes are help- other state women. In St. Paul, the Min- statue of Harry Burn and his mother ing to reimagine and transform our pub- nesota Woman Suffrage Memorial Febb. lic spaces to be more welcoming, inspir- Garden commemorates 25 significant In New York City, Monumental ing and inclusive. state suffragists. In Tampa, the Eleanor Women broke the bronze ceiling in Cen- WOMEN’S HISTORY 25

Kellogg, Harriet Tubman, Martha Coffin Wright and Sojourner Truth. The Turning Point Suffragist Memorial (suffragistmemorial.org) in Lorton, Virginia, will be dedicated in mid-2021 with lovely grounds and stat- ues of Alice Paul, Mary Church Terrell and Carrie Chapman Catt. It will become the first national site in honor of American suffragists. The Memorial recognizes how broad and varied the “A Path Forward” in Salt Lake City. suffrage movement was, and how important it is to our history. directly to the Utah State Capitol. Close to Turning Point, the Lucy The first doorway represents the 19th Burns Museum is part of the Workhouse Amendment and is surrounded by a wall

The life size bronze Tennessee’s Woman made of quotes from suffrage leaders. Suffrage Memorial commemorates Lizzie Crozier French, Anne Dallas Dudley and “Every word we utter, Elizabeth Avery Meriwether. every act we perform, tral Park. The beautiful Women's Rights waft unto innumerable Pioneers Monument honoring Sojourner Truth, Susan B. Anthony, and Elizabeth circles, beyond.” Cady Stanton was unveiled August 26, – Elizabeth Cady Stanton 2020, as the first statue of real women in the park. An innovative "Talking “Every Word We Utter,” Jane Statues" app plays the activists’ words DeDecker’s highly anticipated National (monumentalwomen.org). Women’s Suffrage Monument, is The state of Indiana, encouraged by moving ahead toward a permanent home indianasuffrage100.org, made three Pre- Centennial sculpture “The Binding” by in Washington D.C. Location and serving Women’s Legacy Grants to cre- funding are still to be resolved. The ma- ate a Miami County Woman’s Suffrage Victoria Reed Nieman outside the Wom- an’s Club Building in Cedar Falls, Iowa. jestic centennial sculpture features Susan Trail with a statue of Marie Stuart Ed- B. Anthony, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, wards, a sculpture of Sojourner Truth in Arts Center on the site of the prison Sojourner Truth, Harriot Stanton Blatch, the town of Angola where she spoke in 1861, and either a sculpture, mosaic or where suffragists were held. The Muse- mural honoring Naomi Bowman Talbert um features historical displays, statues of Anderson in Michigan City, where she imprisoned suffrage leaders Lucy Burns, was born in 1843. Dora Lewis and Alice Paul, and artist In Seneca Falls, New York, a new Sunny Mullarkey’s 6 x 20 foot centenni- statue honoring suffragists and the al mural “Equality for All.” centennial of the 19th Amendment will New Visions of Equality

In addition to portrait statues, busts, mu- rals and plaques, tributes include more interpretive and abstract work. “Stand,” a public sculpture by Barba- Ida B. Wells Mosaic in Washington D.C. ra Grygutis in Lexington, Kentucky, celebrates passage of the Nineteenth Ida B. Wells, and Alice Paul represent- Amendment with five 20-foot tall alumi- ing the suffrage movement. num silhouetted sculptures of suffragists. The Ida B. Wells Monument, an "A Path Forward" in Salt Lake City, abstract bronze and granite sculpture, is created by Kelsey Harrison and Jason being created by Richard Hunt in Chica- The Lucy Burns Museum in Virginia. Manley, “frames” the state capitol and go. A spectacular, if temporary, image of celebrates voting rights won in 1920 and young Wells was created as a photo mo- be unveiled later this year. “Ripples of afterwards. The drive to expand voting saic on the floor of Union Station in Change” by Jane DeDecker will feature rights is represented by expanding door- Washington D.C. in August. A fearless suffrage trailblazers Laura Cornelius frames and a widening path that leads journalist and activist, Ida B. Wells also 26 WOMEN’S HISTORY

received an intangible honor: a posthu- sites related to the suffrage movement mous Pulitzer Prize in 2020. throughout the country. Some are being recognized with Pomeroy Historical Renaming Public Spaces Roadside Markers and all are listed on to Honor Suffragists their online map. The venerable Belmont-Paul Women’s

Equality National Monument in Washing- Communities in many states have also ton D.C. houses oil portraits and marble decided to rename existing streets, busts of suffrage leaders and continues to schools, parks and public spaces after carry the torch for the movement under women who were involved in their the National Park Service. state’s suffrage movement. In Rhode Island, the Central Falls Post Office was renamed in honor of Women on Currency 19th-century abolitionist Elizabeth Buffum Chace, and the post office in Pomeroy Roadside Markers are being There are also significant new develop- New York’s Chinatown was renamed for installed at suffrage historical sites. ments with our currency that pay tribute civic activist Mabel Ping-Hua Lee. to suffrage activists and reflect women’s In Brookline, a public school was re- In Portland, a committee recom- importance in our nation’s past. christened the Florida Ruffin Ridley mended renaming Woodrow Wilson On January 13, 2021, Rep. Barbara th School after one of the first Black teach- High School after Ida B. Wells. An Lee’s bill for a Women's History & 19 ers in Massachusetts. In Cambridge, two Elections Building in Multnomah Coun- Amendment Centennial Quarter passed streets were renamed to memorialize ty, Oregon, was dedicated in honor of both Houses of Congress. It directs the African-American activists Harriet Ja- early state advocates Abigail Scott U.S. Mint to issue a series of quarter- cobs and Gertrude Wright Morgan. And Duniway and Esther Pohl Lovejoy. dollar coins, with each coin “emblematic in Chicago, the Congress Parkway offi- In New York City, PS9 is now of the accomplishments and contribu- cially became Ida B. Wells Drive. known as the Sarah Smith Garnet School tions” of a prominent state woman. in honor of the first African American Women on 20s is hopeful of an expe- woman principal in New York. An Adi- dited effort to replace Andrew Jackson rondack mountain near Lewis, New York, was officially renamed in honor of Inez Milholland, a move suffragists had called for more than a hundred years ago. A National Court Re- porters Association scholarship was re- named to honor Tennessee suffragist Sue with Harriet Tubman on the twenty- Shelton White, and in Boston’s Hyde dollar bill. White House press secretary Park, the Grimké Sisters Bridge was Jen Psaki announced that “it’s important named in honor of Sarah and Angelina that our … money reflects the history Grimké. and diversity of our country and Harriet Tubman’s image gracing the new $20 Sites and Trails note would certainly reflect that.” The importance of these substantive Historic sites and house museums, as changes lies in their aim to permanently California suffragists appear in artist well as dedicated websites, also honor enshrine women and their drive for Luren Sinnott’s block-long mural in Ukiah. many suffragists. You can visit sites equality in how we regard our past and virtually and learn about lesser known understand history. Each woman depict- A park in Lakewood, Ohio, was re- figures such as Matilda Joslyn Gage, ed in oil, ink, stone or bronze is one named for local suffragist Bernice Pyke, Mary Church Terrell, Molly Brown, more affirmation of women’s place in and the Georgia O’Keeffe Museum in Harriet Taylor Upton, Florence Books the history of our nation. The fact that New Mexico renamed its library build- Whitehouse, Alva Belmont and many this is happening everywhere – in the ing to honor longtime resident Adelina others. south, the northeast, mid-west, the west “Nina” Otero-Warren. The list goes on, The National Votes for Women Trail – confirms the enormous scope, influ- and these examples barely suggest the (ncwhs.org/votes-for-women-trail) has ence and lasting legacy of the American extent of change. now identified more than 2,020 historical women’s suffrage movement. National Women’s History Alliance Resources 27

The National Women’s History Alliance serves as the clearinghouse for multicultural women’s history. We are unique as an educational non-profit in that most of our revenue is gener- ated by the sale of women’s history materials. Discover the extraordinary expansion of new women’s history resources - a wide array of celebration items, books, note cards, CD’s, DVD’s, poster and display sets. Visit us online at nwha1980.org and click on NWHA Store The Celebration Continues ....

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onoringonoring womenonoring womenonoring from womenonoring from women from women from from the originaltheH originalthe originalsuffrageth suffrage suffrage the originalHthe originalH suffrage suffrage th HH th movement as well asth 20 movementmovementmovement asmovement well as well as 20well as 20well as 20 as 20 th st st andst st 21st Our History is Our Strength Logo Placemats (30) #1494 $4.95 andand 21and 21 centuryand 21 century 21 century women century women century women women women who have continued the whowho havewho havewho continued have continued have continued continued the the the the struggle (fighting against strugglestrugglestruggle struggle(fighting (fighting (fighting (fighting against against against against poll taxes, literacy tests, pollpoll taxes,poll taxes,poll taxes, literacy taxes, literacy literacy literacytests, tests, tests, tests, voter roll purges, and other votervotervoter rollvoter roll purges,roll purges,roll purges, purges, and and otherand otherand other other more contemporary forms moremoremore morecontemporary contemporary contemporary contemporary forms forms forms forms of voter suppression) to ofof voterof voterof voter voter suppression) suppression) suppression) suppression) to to to to ensure voting rights for all. ensureensureensureensure voting voting voting voting rights rights rights rights for for for all.for all. all. all.

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Women Nevertheless Win the Vote Fleece Scarf Centennial Sash 10" x 60" Purple 2-ply satin sash Neverthless measuring 4"x70" She Persisted 2020 Women’s History Gazette embroidered and printed in Celebrates the fight for women’s right in gold. traditional purple, to vote in the U.S. Recognition of the #0548 $22.00 white and gold. Velcro centennial of the 19th Amendment. closure #0543 $19.95 #0577 $1..00 each or 25 for $5.00 National Women’s History Alliance Resources 29 Give the Gift of Women’s History

We Demand the Right to And Then She Vote: The Journey to the Said This interna- 19th Amendment tional, multicultural This lavishly illustrated (6” x 9”) book collection of memo- is a engaging graphic overview of the rable words from Women’s Suffrage Movement. Written women around the in a conversational style by the noted globe is indexed for writer and graphic artist, Meneese Wall. maximum usefulness. 160 Pages, Paperback, 33 Illustrations paper, 160 pages, #3333 $22.00 1995 Autographed by editor. #0581 $6.95

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One-of-a-kind An original collage designed for the National Women’s History Alliance. These women represent the countless women who made a difference by speaking out on social issues. Jeanette Rankin, Sojourner Truth, Susette LaFleshe Tibbles, Angelia Grimke, Rose Schneiderman, Billie Jean King, Ella Baker, Emma Tenayuca, Rachel Carson, Yoshiko Uchida. 16” w x 11” h, 200 pieces. Puzzle is assembled and ships flat. Printed box included #0580 $16.95 30 National Women’s History Alliance Resources

Making Women’s Lives Visible Create Poster Sets

Monumental Ladies Living the Legacy

Illustrated Timeline of Woman Monumental Ladies: A Guide Suffrage CD Prints Book to Statues, Historical Sites Create your own poster set with this and Museums That Honor CD. You can print posters on your own Individual Women Living the Legacy Poster as large as 11” x 17”. Each poster This guide book includes the This striking poster features dozens of panel features rare historic photos location of the 267 statues in the buttons from different types of cam- of people and events. These easy to U.S. that honor individual, real paigns and five photo collages depict- grasp visuals make this timeline women, 62 museums and count- ing some of the ways we are "living the invaluable for learning about the less other historical sites you can legacy” of women's rights today. campaign to win the vote. Eight visit. There is a state-by-state list Poster Set CD #0918 $19.95 20" x 28" #8901 $4.98 Centennial of sites. Paperback Celebrations #0273 $17.99 Continue 2021 Votes for Women Courage and Vision Courageous Voices

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Votes for Women Poster Award-winning design was created by Betha Boye when Celebrating Women of California became the 6th Courage and Vision Poster Courageous Voices Echoing in Our Lives Poster state to enfranchise women. This colorful poster celebrates The poster features an original collage designed After that victory, the poster multicultural women whose for the National Women's History Project. The design was used in countless courage and vision made women represent the countless women who woman suffrage campaigns. history. 18” x 24” made a difference by speaking out on social issues. 14.5" x 24" #0180 $4.98 24” x 18” #0901 $4.98 #0850 $7.95 now $5.20 WOMEN’S HISTORY 31 The National Women’s History Alliance: 41 Years of Writing Women Back into History

When a group of friends founded the National Women’s others began selling newly published women’s history History Project over 40 years ago, it was a very different books at a discount, our income dropped substantially. world. In the late 1970s, it seemed like the history of wom- It was the generosity of our supporters that kept us going. en in the United States had been written in invisible ink. In 2018, we expanded our mission to become the Na- There were few books or classes and little awareness of tional Women’s History Alliance. Our focus is to serve as why including women’s history was essential in teaching the clearinghouse and hub for individuals, organizations the complex story of the American experience. and resources related to multicultural women’s history. When we asked, we found that very few students could This year’s theme, “Valiant Women of the Vote: Refus- identify even two women of acclaim unless they were ing to be Silenced,” is also a fitting theme for the Alliance, athletes or movie stars. And their teachers demonstrated since for over 40 years we have refused to be silent about the same lack of knowledge. Teachers didn’t realize the women’s historic importance. Year after year, we stress power of women’s history in encouraging girls to see that Our History is Our Strength. themselves as makers of history and giving boys more A Very Special Thank You information about the female experience. Knowing that invisibility is the number one form of When we say that it is your support that makes our bias, we asked our local school district to establish the work possible, please know that it is true. Thank you week of March 8th as Women’s History Week on the for all the ways you have been part of our team effort to school calendar. Our goal was to give students and teach- “write women back into history.” If you are interested in ers alike an opportunity to discuss issues related to wom- information about Leaving a Legacy in your will or trust, en’s lives. We were accused of being self-promoters who please contact Molly at [email protected]. hated men and wanted to destroy the family. What we With our heartfelt thanks, we keep moving Forward did want to destroy was the notion that history was boring Together! and unimportant. We wanted to show the relevance and inspiring power of history, especially multicultural Molly women’s history. Molly Murphy MacGregor $23 and Cookie Dough Executive Director and Cofounder The Project’s originalfunding was $23.67 and 5 pounds of cookie dough from our first bake sale. The local support we received for our all-volunteer effort provided us with an One Woman, One Vote office and the encouragement to continue. Donations and New Edition! early grant support made a full-time paid staff possible. Paperback, plus Library Edition & E-book 530 pages, historic photos, We created many women’s history resources and led illustrations & more the successful bipartisan drive to get Congress to declare March as National Women’s History Month. This officially “… indispensable to me as I’ve validated the fact that, when we talked about women’s worked to learn so much of the history, we were talking about women of all ages, cultural history that I had not been backgrounds and religions. taught… and the centuries- long struggle toward full Our work continued as we developed a Women’s His- enfranchisement.” tory Network of teachers, historians, librarians, workplace —Rebecca Traister, managers and community organizers. Each year we held a Author of Good and Mad: The Revolutionary Power 4-day conference called “A Woman’s Place is in the Cur- of Women’s Anger riculum” and we conducted teacher trainings in all but five states. For decades, we have used National Women’s Edited by Marjorie J. Spruill, a leading historian on women & politics from woman History Month as an important organizing tool to pro- suffrage to the present. NewSage mote women’s history throughout the country. Each year Definitive writings by prominent historians we choose a theme and select multicultural Honorees who on U.S. woman suffrage from Seneca Falls exemplify that year’s theme. through 2020 election. Workshops, consulting and a resource-rich mail order Expanded edition includes new info on the PRESS diversity in the movement, regional issues, Available March 2021 store supplied teachers throughout the country for years racism, & international influences. www.newsagepress.com and helped us cover our expenses. But when Amazon and

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