DOCSLIB.ORG

The Macrobenthos of the Cavalli Islands, Northern New Zealand, By

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Macrobenthos of the Cavalli Islands, Northern New Zealand, By TANE 26,1980 THE MACROBENTHOS OF THE CAVALLI ISLANDS, NORTHERN NEW ZEALAND by Roger V. Grace* and Bruce W. Haywardf * 274a Birkdale Road, Birkenhead, Auckland 10 TN.Z. Geological Survey, DSIR, P.O. Box 30-368, Lower Hutt SUMMARY Forty-seven dredge samples from the sea-bed to the north, west, and south of Motukawanui, the largest island in the Cavalli Group, were analysed for macrofauna, macroflora, and sediment texture. Four associations were recognised. One, inhabiting fine sand in shallow water, was characterised by Myadora boltoni and Pectinaria australis. Another, characterisec by Tawera spissa, occurred in shelly medium to coarse sands in depths to about 10 metres. A third association, which occurred in fine to very fine sand in depths greater than 30 metres, contained Nemocardium pulchellum, but was poorly sampled. In intermediate depths, an association containing Zeacolpus pagoda, Zegalerus tenuis and juvenile Tawera spissa occurred in substrates ranging from fine sand to fine shell gravel. Algae-dominated rocky substrates were mapped in the southern part of the area with the aid of aerial photographs. INTRODUCTION Motukawanui is the largest island in the Cavalli Group off the east coast of Northland at latitude 35°00'S, longitude 173°57'E, and approximately 2.4 km from the mainland. Field work was carried out during the Offshore Islands Research Group trip to the Cavalli Islands during December 1978 and January 1979.The locations of the 47 dredge stations are indicated in Fig. 1, together with bathymetry of the area, based on the Royal N.Z. Navy Hydrographic Office chart number N.Z.5121, "Cavalli Passage". METHODS Samples were collected using a new model of a small dredge described by Grace and Whitten (1974), as used by Grace and Grace (1976). The dredge held approximately 4.5 litres of sediment, and under ideal conditions sampled an area of approximately 0.075 square metre to a depth of 6 cm. The dredge was hand-hauled from a 3.8-metre aluminium dinghy with an 18 horsepower outboard motor. 189 Upon arrival of the dredge at the surface, the volume of each sample was estimated as tenths of the dredge filled, to enable crude quantitative estimates of the biota to be made. (About 100 to 150 mis of sediment was removed for textural analysis, and for analysis of populations of foraminifera (Hayward 1979, 1980). The rest of the sample was then passed over a wire mesh sieve with 2 mm openings. Organisms retained were sorted fresh, identified where possible and counted, then returned to the sea. Some specimens were retained for subsequent laboratory identification. Estimates of the volume of residue remaining after sorting were also made, to give an indication of the quantity of sediment coarser than 2 mm particle size. Grain size analyses of the sediments were carried out in the laboratory using sieves. Stations were located using a sextant to measure horizontal angles between fixed points on the shore. Rocky bottom areas were briefly investigated using snorkel and SCUBA diving techniques, and mapped in the southern part of the area with the aid of aerial photographs. RESULTS Lists of station data are presented in Appendices 1 and 2. Sediments (Fig. 2) Fine sands are present in the shallow Papatara and Waiiti Bays on the south-west side of Motukawanui, where maximum shelter from the prevailing east or north-east swell occurs. The study area is, however, dominated by coarse and very coarse shelly sands to the south, west, and north of Motukawanui, with even coarser shell gravel in the channel immediately south of Motukawanui. These are relatively wave-exposed areas, and with the large numbers of shells of Tawera spissa produced here, heavy deposits of shells have accumulated. Around the small islands to the south, the sediments are mainly medium sands. The finest sediments are found in deep water to the northwest, where very fine sands have accumulated in quiet conditions at over 40 metres depth. Small pockets of very fine sand also occur in shallow, very sheltered inshore parts of Papatara Bay. Flora An important component of the "sediments" between Motukawanui and the small islands to the north, and more especially between Motukawanui and the small islands to the south, is the large number of "rhodoliths" of both living and dead coralline algae (Fig. 1). Each "rhodolith" consists of a small central nucleus of rock or shell about which has grown encrusting coralline algae in the form of numerous narrow fingers projecting radially. The diameter of the 191 "rhodoliths" measures approximately 20 to 30 mm, with each finger- like projection about 2 to 3 mm in diameter (Fig. 3). These "rhodoliths" are heavier in structure than those noted from Great Mercury Island (Grace and Grace 1976), but finer than those at Army Bay north of Auckland. Similar "rhodoliths" occur in parts of the Bay of Islands (personal observations), and "rhodoliths" have recently been found to occur extensively in deeper water off the Northland coast (K. Grange, Fig. 2. Sediments 192 NZOI, pers. comm.). The heaviest accumulations of shells and rhodoliths impart a certain degree of stability to the sediments, allowing the development of algae attached to the larger particles. These algae include Ulva lactuca, sometimes large sheet-like plants of Gigartina circumcincta, and a variety of smaller red algae. Most of these would be temporary in occurrence, being easily destroyed in storms, but re-developing fairly rapidly during extended calm periods. Fauna The analysis of the fauna has been approached from the classical point of view of selecting the most obvious, most numerous, or characteristic species to define benthic communities. Here the term "community" is used to apply to a recurring combination of species of organisms, in a characteristic biotope, and with a considerable degree of continuity in space. Four communities of organisms inhabiting sediments have been recognised from field observations and an examination of the data. An additional community is found on the rocky seabed. These communities are mapped in Fig. 4, and discussed below. Only those species present in more than 25% of the samples assigned to a particular community are listed, although complete data is available in Appendix 2. 1. Myadora boltoni - Pectinaria australis community. Stations : 16, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28 Marginal stations : 15, 26 Biotope : Sediment: fine sand to very fine sand. Depth : low tide to 5 metres. Wave energy : low to moderate. Characterising species : No. of stations % of occurrence Myadora boltoni 6 55 Pectinaria australis 9 82 Associated species : Polychaetes 11 100 Owenia fusiformis 6 55 Amalda novaezelandiae 6 55 Myadora striata 6 55 Zegalerus tenuis 6 55 Scalpomactra scalpellum 5 45 Zeacolpus pagoda 5 45 Amphipoda 5 45 Zostera muelleri 4 36 Duplicaria tristis 4 36 Trochodota sp. 4 36 Cominella quoyana 3 27' Soletellina nitida 3 27 193 Fig. 3. Calcareous rhodoliths of algae are common in the Cavalli Passage between Motukawanui and the mainland. This community occurs in Papatara and Waiiti Bays on the sheltered south-west side of Motukawanui, from low water to about 5 metres depth. The sand-mason worm Pectinaria australis is widespread within the community. The bivalve Myadora boltoni occurs in only 55% of the stations and reaches a maximum density of 5 in the sample at station 20. Myadora striata also occurs, but is even less dense. Other species typical of fine sediments include the bivalves Scalpomactra scalpellum and Soletellina nitida. More tolerant of a wider range of sediment types are the epifaunal gastropods Amalda novaezelandiae, Zegalerus tenuis (where shells provide a hard attachment surface), Duplicaria tristis and Cominella quoyana. A bed of the eel grass Zostera muelleri occurs in part of this community in Papatara Bay, but is not well developed. Reference to aerial photographs taken at different times over the past 30 to 40 years indicates that the Zostera bed has undergone various changes in density and extent, and was at a low ebb at the time of sampling. Had this bed been well developed, it may have been appropriate to subdivide this community, distinguishing the Zostera community as a separate entity, probably with characteristic fauna. A SCUBA dive on the densest part of the bed revealed a low incidence of the following fauna often characteristic of Zostera beds, in addition to species collected in the dredge samples: Venerupis largillierti, Dosinia 194 subrosea, Pecten novaezelandiae, Struthiolaria papulosa, Echinocardium cordatum, Astropecten polyacanthus and Squilla armata. 2. Tawera spissa community Stations: 2,3,4,14,19,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44 Marginal stations : 1,45 Biotope : Sediment: fine sand to very coarse shelly sand and shell gravel. Depth : 2 to 15 metres. Wave energy : moderate to high. Characterising species : No. of stations % occurrence Tawera spissa 21 92 Associated species : Polychaetes 18 78 Amphipoda 18 78 Rhyssoplax stangeri 17 74 Zegalerus tenuis 17 74 Hermits 16 70 Amalda novaezelandiae 14 61 Cominella quoyana 14 61 Small red algae 13 57 Notoacmea helmsi 12 52 Membraniporiform bryozoa 11 48 Serpulidae 11 48 Micrelenchus rufozonus 11 48 Owenia fusiformis 10 43 Isopoda 10 43 Rhodoliths 9 39 Dosinia maoriana 8 35 Glycymeris modesta 8 35 Trochodota sp. 8 35 Ulva lactuca 7 30 Marginella pygmaea 7 30 Zeacolpus pagoda 7 30 Trachelochismus sp. 7 30 Corbula zelandica 6 26 Liocarcinus corrugatus 6 26 Amphipholis squamata 6 26 This community is best developed between Motukawanui and Piraunui Islands, although a smaller area is occupied by a less well developed example between Motukawanui and the islands to the north. The northern area contains mainly juvenile Tawera spissa about 10 to 15 mm long, to a density of about 14 000 per square metre (station 3).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Morphological Variations of the Shell of the Bivalve Lucina Pectinata
    I S S N 2 3 47-6 8 9 3 Volume 10 Number2 Journal of Advances in Biology Morphological variations of the shell of the bivalve Lucina pectinata (Gmelin, 1791) Emma MODESTIN PhD of Biogeography, zoology and Ecology University of the French Antilles, UMR AREA DEV ABSTRACT In Martinique, the species Lucina pectinata (Gmelin, 1791) is called "mud clam, white clam or mangrove clam" by bivalve fishermen depending on the harvesting environment. Indeed, the individuals collected have differences as regards the shape and colour of the shell. The hypothesis is that the shape of the shell of L. pectinata (P. pectinatus) shows significant variations from one population to another. This paper intends to verify this hypothesis by means of a simple morphometric study. The comparison of the shape of the shell of individuals from different populations was done based on samples taken at four different sites. The standard measurements (length (L), width or thickness (E - épaisseur) and height (H)) were taken and the morphometric indices (L/H; L/E; E/H) were established. These indices of shape differ significantly among the various populations. This intraspecific polymorphism of the shape of the shell of P. pectinatus could be related to the nature of the sediment (granulometry, density, hardness) and/or the predation. The shells are significantly more elongated in a loose muddy sediment than in a hard muddy sediment or one rich in clay. They are significantly more convex in brackish environments and this is probably due to the presence of more specialised predators or of more muddy sediments. Keywords Lucina pectinata, bivalve, polymorphism of shape of shell, ecology, mangrove swamp, French Antilles.
    [Show full text]
  • E Urban Sanctuary Algae and Marine Invertebrates of Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary
    !e Urban Sanctuary Algae and Marine Invertebrates of Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary Jessica Reeves & John Buckeridge Published by: Greypath Productions Marine Care Ricketts Point PO Box 7356, Beaumaris 3193 Copyright © 2012 Marine Care Ricketts Point !is work is copyright. Apart from any use permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission of the publisher. Photographs remain copyright of the individual photographers listed. ISBN 978-0-9804483-5-1 Designed and typeset by Anthony Bright Edited by Alison Vaughan Printed by Hawker Brownlow Education Cheltenham, Victoria Cover photo: Rocky reef habitat at Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary, David Reinhard Contents Introduction v Visiting the Sanctuary vii How to use this book viii Warning viii Habitat ix Depth x Distribution x Abundance xi Reference xi A note on nomenclature xii Acknowledgements xii Species descriptions 1 Algal key 116 Marine invertebrate key 116 Glossary 118 Further reading 120 Index 122 iii Figure 1: Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary. !e intertidal zone rocky shore platform dominated by the brown alga Hormosira banksii. Photograph: John Buckeridge. iv Introduction Most Australians live near the sea – it is part of our national psyche. We exercise in it, explore it, relax by it, "sh in it – some even paint it – but most of us simply enjoy its changing modes and its fascinating beauty. Ricketts Point Marine Sanctuary comprises 115 hectares of protected marine environment, located o# Beaumaris in Melbourne’s southeast ("gs 1–2). !e sanctuary includes the coastal waters from Table Rock Point to Quiet Corner, from the high tide mark to approximately 400 metres o#shore.
    [Show full text]
  • Polyplacophora (Mollusca)
    BASTERIA44: 69-70, 1980 in On two preoccupied names Polyplacophora (Mollusca) R.A. van Belle Nijverheidsstraat 22, B-2700 Sint-Niklaas, Belgium of continuation of the While preparing a catalogue fossil Polyplacophora, as a logical already published ”Catalogue of living chitons” (Kaas & Van Belle, 1980), two minor nomenclatorial have attention. problems come to my conradi nov. Chiton 1856, 1847. 1. Chiton nom. pro antiquus Conrad, non Reeve, The used for the first time Conrad in Morton name Chiton antiquus was by (1834: 6), of the United States. in the list of fossil shells of the Lower Tertiary or Eocene period As Chiton Conrad no indication whatsoever is given about that species, antiquus in Morton, is nudum. 1834, definitely a nomen established well-definedChiton Reeve 25, and a from (1847: pi. sp. fig. 169) antiquus known Australia. This recent and common species is now as Callistochiton antiquus (Reeve, 1847). Conrad his a fossil Afterwards, (1856: 266) published a diagnosis for Chiton antiquus, of species from the Eocene of Claiborne, Alabama. Whatever the present generic status Chiton 1856, the name is a ofChiton antiquus Conrad, may be, junior homonym antiquus of author the name Chiton Reeve, 1847, and must be replaced. In honour its I propose conradi. bohemicus De Rochebrune, 1883, 2. Chiton rudelsdorfensis nom. nov. pro Gymnoplax non Chiton bohemicus Barrande, 1867. fossil Barrande (1867: 175, pi. 16 figs. 19-28) namedand figured Chiton bohemicus a from the Silurian of known as Chelodes bohemicus species Bohemia, now (Barrande, 1867). created the bohemicus for the De Rochebrune (1883: 63) name Gymnoplax fossil species from the Middle Miocene of Rudelsdorf, Bohemia, Reuss (1860: 257, pi.
    [Show full text]
  • The Coastal Molluscan Fauna of the Northern Kermadec Islands, Southwest Pacific Ocean
    Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand ISSN: 0303-6758 (Print) 1175-8899 (Online) Journal homepage: http://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tnzr20 The coastal molluscan fauna of the northern Kermadec Islands, Southwest Pacific Ocean F. J. Brook To cite this article: F. J. Brook (1998) The coastal molluscan fauna of the northern Kermadec Islands, Southwest Pacific Ocean, Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand, 28:2, 185-233, DOI: 10.1080/03014223.1998.9517560 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03014223.1998.9517560 Published online: 30 Mar 2010. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 405 View related articles Citing articles: 14 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at http://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tnzr20 Download by: [86.95.75.143] Date: 27 January 2017, At: 05:34 © Journal of The Royal Society of New Zealand, Volume 28, Number 2, June 1998, pp 185-233 The coastal molluscan fauna of the northern Kermadec Islands, Southwest Pacific Ocean F. J. Brook* A total of 358 species of molluscs (excluding pelagic species) is recorded here from coastal marine habitats around the northern Kermadec Islands. The fauna is dominated by species that are widely distributed in the tropical western and central Pacific Ocean. The majority of these are restricted to the tropics and subtropics, but some range south to temperate latitudes. Sixty-eight species, comprising 19% of the fauna, are thought to be endemic to the Kermadec Islands. That group includes several species that have an in situ fossil record extending back to the Pleistocene.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Extreme Longevity in Modern and Fossil Bivalves
    Syracuse University SURFACE Dissertations - ALL SURFACE August 2016 The evolution of extreme longevity in modern and fossil bivalves David Kelton Moss Syracuse University Follow this and additional works at: https://surface.syr.edu/etd Part of the Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons Recommended Citation Moss, David Kelton, "The evolution of extreme longevity in modern and fossil bivalves" (2016). Dissertations - ALL. 662. https://surface.syr.edu/etd/662 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the SURFACE at SURFACE. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations - ALL by an authorized administrator of SURFACE. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract: The factors involved in promoting long life are extremely intriguing from a human perspective. In part by confronting our own mortality, we have a desire to understand why some organisms live for centuries and others only a matter of days or weeks. What are the factors involved in promoting long life? Not only are questions of lifespan significant from a human perspective, but they are also important from a paleontological one. Most studies of evolution in the fossil record examine changes in the size and the shape of organisms through time. Size and shape are in part a function of life history parameters like lifespan and growth rate, but so far little work has been done on either in the fossil record. The shells of bivavled mollusks may provide an avenue to do just that. Bivalves, much like trees, record their size at each year of life in their shells. In other words, bivalve shells record not only lifespan, but also growth rate.
    [Show full text]
  • Predation by Drilling Gastropods and Asteroids Upon Mussels in Rocky Shallow Shores of Southernmost South America: Paleontological Implications
    Predation by drilling gastropods and asteroids upon mussels in rocky shallow shores of southernmost South America: Paleontological implications SANDRA GORDILLO and FERNANDO ARCHUBY Gordillo, S. and Archuby, F. 2012. Predation by drilling gastropods and asteroids upon mussels in rocky shallow shores of southernmost South America: Paleontological implications. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 57 (3): 633–646. To achieve a better understanding of predation pattern recorded in the fossil record it is essential to study predator−prey in− teractions in the modern seas. It includes the data collected from the field observations as well as from the experiments in captivity. Such an approach allows recognition of the bioeroders, its description and also provides quantification of these interactions. This work offers a case study of the traces of predation resulting from the predator−prey interactions between three mussels: Mytilus chilensis, Brachidontes purpuratus, and Aulacomya atra; and their five natural enemies: the gas− tropods Trophon geversianus, Xymenopsis muriciformis, and Acanthina monodon, and the asteroids Cosmasterias lurida and Anasterias antarctica living along the intertidal and/or subtidal rocky shores in Tierra del Fuego. The predatory dam− age to mussel shells varies according to the predator and prey species and techniques for attacking prey are highly special− ized. A. monodon drills a hole in B. purpuratus but uses the outer lip of its shell as a wedge to open the valves of M. chilensis and A. atra. T. geversianus always makes holes, but while it drills the valve walls of M. chilensis, it prefers to drill the valve edges of A. atra and B. purpuratus, with different characteristic patterns.
    [Show full text]
  • Diversity of Benthic Marine Mollusks of the Strait of Magellan, Chile
    ZooKeys 963: 1–36 (2020) A peer-reviewed open-access journal doi: 10.3897/zookeys.963.52234 DATA PAPER https://zookeys.pensoft.net Launched to accelerate biodiversity research Diversity of benthic marine mollusks of the Strait of Magellan, Chile (Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia): a historical review of natural history Cristian Aldea1,2, Leslie Novoa2, Samuel Alcaino2, Sebastián Rosenfeld3,4,5 1 Centro de Investigación GAIA Antártica, Universidad de Magallanes, Av. Bulnes 01855, Punta Arenas, Chile 2 Departamento de Ciencias y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Magallanes, Chile 3 Facultad de Ciencias, Laboratorio de Ecología Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile 4 Laboratorio de Ecosistemas Marinos Antárticos y Subantárticos, Universidad de Magallanes, Chile 5 Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Santiago, Chile Corresponding author: Sebastián Rosenfeld ([email protected]) Academic editor: E. Gittenberger | Received 19 March 2020 | Accepted 6 June 2020 | Published 24 August 2020 http://zoobank.org/9E11DB49-D236-4C97-93E5-279B1BD1557C Citation: Aldea C, Novoa L, Alcaino S, Rosenfeld S (2020) Diversity of benthic marine mollusks of the Strait of Magellan, Chile (Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia): a historical review of natural history. ZooKeys 963: 1–36. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.963.52234 Abstract An increase in richness of benthic marine mollusks towards high latitudes has been described on the Pacific coast of Chile in recent decades. This considerable increase in diversity occurs specifically at the beginning of the Magellanic Biogeographic Province. Within this province lies the Strait of Magellan, considered the most important channel because it connects the South Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. These characteristics make it an interesting area for marine research; thus, the Strait of Magellan has histori- cally been the area with the greatest research effort within the province.
    [Show full text]
  • Molluscan Studies
    Journal of The Malacological Society of London Molluscan Studies Journal of Molluscan Studies (2013) 79: 372–377. doi:10.1093/mollus/eyt029 Advance Access publication date: 23 August 2013 RESEARCH NOTE EGG-HULL ULTRASTRUCTURE OF ISCHNOCHITON STRAMINEUS (SOWERBY, 1832), A SOUTH AMERICAN BROODING CHITON (CHITONINA: ISCHNOCHITONIDAE) Marı´a G. Liuzzi1 and Diego G. Zelaya2 1Divisio´n Invertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales, CONICET, A´ngel Gallardo 470, Buenos Aires (C1405DJR), Argentina; and 2Departamento Biodiversidad, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, Argentina Correspondence: M.G. Liuzzi; e-mail: [email protected] Reproductive aspects of the life history of chitons have been rela- Celebron˜a(¼Kidney) Island, Malvinas/Falkland Islands tively little studied in comparison with some morphological (518370S–578450W). Thirty-eight eggs were removed from the characters, such as valve morphology, girdle scales and radulae, pallial groove, dehydrated in an ascending ethanol series (from which have historically been considered of taxonomic value. In 70 to 100%), dried in an EMS 850 critical-point dryer using recent times, however, some authors have pointed out that char- liquid CO2, coated with gold-palladium (40–60%) and photo- acters related to reproduction, such as egg-hull morphology, are graphed with a Phillips XL-30 scanning electron microscope. also valuable for taxonomic purposes (Eernisse, 1988; Hodgson One juvenile was dehydrated and photographed in the same et al., 1988; Sirenko, 1993; Pashchenko & Drozdov, 1998; Okusu way as the eggs, but treated with hexamethyldisilazane and air et al., 2003; Buckland-Nicks, 2006, 2008; Sirenko, 2006a; dried instead of critical-point dried.
    [Show full text]
  • Illustrated Summary of Chiton Terminology
    ©Zoologische Staatssammlung München/Verlag Friedrich Pfeil; download www.pfeil-verlag.de SPIXIANA 33 2 171–194 München, November 2010 ISSN 0341–8391 Illustrated summary of chiton terminology (Mollusca, Polyplacophora) Enrico Schwabe Schwabe, E. 2010. Illustrated summary of chiton terminology (Mollusca, Poly- placophora). Spixiana 33 (2): 171-194. The aims of the present paper are to summarize and offer a standard set of ter- minology used to describe morphological and partly anatomical (e. g. the radula) characters of Polyplacophora. To make the understanding of some previously misused terms easier, the identification and description of relevant parts of the animal are illustrated and discussed in context of additional literature. Enrico Schwabe, Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Muenchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich, Germany; e-mail: [email protected] Introduction “An den Tentakeln des Kopfes befinden sich Riech- organe [On the tentacles of the head there are Chitons are a group of basal, exclusively marine olfactory organs.].” However, chitons do not have molluscs, which have not significantly changed cephalic tentacles at all, and certainly not olfactory their bauplan during more than 300 million years tentacles! of evolution. Their more or less solid, dorsal plates This short contribution intends to clarify the termi- have been preserved in numerous fossil records and nology of chitons and to present a detailed general allow researchers a direct comparison with living description of chiton morphology, to summarise for species, and accordingly there is a high number amateurs, students or scientists the present stage of described fossil and recent taxa. At present we of scientific knowledge of a fascinating group of count for about 930 recent species (see Schwabe animals.
    [Show full text]
  • Venerid Bibliography References for the "Generic Names" Database As Well As Other Selected Works on the Family Veneridae
    PEET Bivalvia Venerid Bibliography References for the "Generic Names" database as well as other selected works on the family Veneridae Accorsi Benini, C. (1974). I fossili di Case Soghe - M. Lungo (Colli Berici, Vicenza); II, Lamellibranchi. Memorie Geopaleontologiche dell'Universita de Ferrara 3(1): 61-80. Adachi, K. (1979). Seasonal changes of the protein level in the adductor muscle of the clam, Tapes philippinarum (Adams and Reeve) with reference to the reproductive seasons. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 64A(1): 85-89 Adams, A. (1864). On some new genera and species of Mollusca from the seas of China and Japan. Annals and Magazine of Natural History 13(3): 307-310. Adams, C. B. (1845). Specierum novarum conchyliorum, in Jamaica repertorum, synopsis. Pars I. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History 12: 1-10. Ahn, I.-Y., G. Lopez, R. E. Malouf (1993). Effects of the gem clam Gemma gemma on early post-settlement emigration, growth and survival of the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria. Marine Ecology -- Progress Series 99(1/2): 61-70 (2 Sept.) Ahn, I.-Y., R. E. Malouf, G. Lopez (1993). Enhanced larval settlement of the hard clam Mercenaria mercenaria by the gem clam Gemma gemma. Marine Ecology -- Progress Series 99(1/2): 51-59 Alemany, J. A. (1986). Estudio comparado de la microestructura de la concha y el enrollamiento espiral en V. decussata (L. 1758) y V. rhomboides (Pennant, 1777) (Bivalvia: Veneridae). Bollettino Malacologico 22(5-8): 139-152. Alemany, J. A. (1987). Estudio comparado de la microestructura de la concha y el enrollamiento espiral en Dosinia exoleta (L.
    [Show full text]
  • New Outlook on the System of Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora)*
    VENUS 65 (1-2): 27-49, 2006 Review New Outlook on the System of Chitons (Mollusca: Polyplacophora)* Boris Sirenko Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya nab.1, St. Petersburg 199034, Russia; [email protected] Abstract: In order to build a natural classification of the chitons, a new approach is proposed that uses not only the shells, as usual, but also other suitable features including aesthetes, girdle, radula, gills, glands, egg hull projections, spermatozoids etc. Several previous classifications are discussed. A brief review of the evolution of the Polyplacophora is given and a new classification of the chitons is proposed. The roles of the articulamentum and the reductions in the tegmentum in chitons are discussed. The evolutionary line of the reduction of slits is shown for the superfamily Cryptoplacoidea. Specifically, the genera Hemiarthrum, Weedingia and Choriplax, which have unslitted valves, have been removed from the order Lepidopleurida and reassigned to the order Chitonida within the Cryptoplacoidea. Affinities of these and other genera within the Cryptoplacoidea are discussed. Keywords: Polyplacophora, taxonomy, evolution, articulamentum, reduction of tegmentum Introduction Creating classifications at its best is all about searching for phylogenetic affinities. The described natural system is a reflection of our ideas about affinities, expressed with the aid of a hierarchy of taxa. In the words of Darwin (1873): “...that Natural System is founded on descent with modification; - that the characters which naturalists consider as showing true affinity between any two or more species, are those which have been inherited from a common parents...all true classification being genealogical; - that community of descent is the hidden bond which naturalists have been unconsciously seeking...” For the early classifications of chitons, naturalists usually used a single or a few characters and their classifications were thus artificial.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Full Article 1.9MB .Pdf File
    8 May 1964 MEM. NAT. MUS. VICT. 26—1963 219 https://doi.org/10.24199/j.mmv.1964.26.12 STUDIES OF THE GENUS KATELYSIA ROMER 1857 (MOLLUSCA, LAMELLIBRANCHIATA). By Barbara J. Nielsen. Introduction. There has been confusion as to the validity of the species included in the genus Katelysia Romer 1857, and this suggested the necessity for an assessment of its representatives in Victoria. This was followed by detailed studies of two particular species Katelysia scalarina Lamarck 1818 and Katelysia rhytiphora ' Lamy 1935 to ascertain their validity as biological or natural ' species as against specific separation based on shell morphology alone. This includes the anatomy of the animals, statistical analyses of shell measurements and an investigation of breeding cycles. The third species K. peronii Lamarck 1818, is omitted because of insufficient material. Synonymy. Although Eduard Romer established the genus Katelysia for a group of Venus like lamellibranchs from southern Australia (genotype K. scalarina Lamarck 1818) in 1857 the name does not appear again in the literature until 1914 when Jukes-Brown used it in his revision of the family Veneridae. Later Lamy (1935, 1937) revised the Lamark'ian species consigned to it. Unfortunately, Lamy's work was by-passed by Australian conchologists," most basing their check-lists on Pritchard's and Gatliff s condensation (1903) of nine Lamarckian species of Venus into three species, Chione strigosa, C. scalarina and C. peronii. Katelysia first came into general usage in 1938, when Cotton and Godfrey revived the name and recorded three species from South Australia. Because of the numerous writers it is easiest to consider first the species listed in the four latest works of Kershaw (1955), Macpherson and Chappie (1951), Allan (1950) and Cotton and Godfrey (1938).
    [Show full text]