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Antimicrobial Activity of Fabrics Treated with Quercus Infectoria Extract for Foot Odour Control

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Antimicrobial Activity of Fabrics Treated with Quercus Infectoria Extract for Foot Odour Control id2526015 pdfMachine by Broadgun Software - a great PDF writer! - a great PDF creator! - http://www.pdfmachine.com http://www.broadgun.com BBiiooTTISSNe e: 097cc4 - h7h435 nnoolVlolouome g7g Issuyye 6 An Indian Journal FULL PAPER BTAIJ, 7(6), 2013 [231-235] Antimicrobial activity of fabrics treated with Quercus Infectoria extract for foot odour control V.Yamuna, S.Sudha* Department of Fashion Technology, PSG College of Technology, Coimbatore, (INDIA) E-mail : [email protected]; [email protected] ABSTRACT This study concentrates on controlling the development of foot odor causing bacteria while wearing socks. Hence 100% bamboo fabric, nylon/bamboo and cotton/nylon union fabrics were produced using socks knitting machine and they were treated with natural antimicrobial agent, Quercus Infectoria (Gallnut). The gallnut treated fabrics were tested for antimicrobial activity against the foot odour causing bacteria such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Propionicbacterium acnes and Escherichia coli using agar diffusion method and the zone of inhibition was identified for all the samples. The result shows that gallnut treated bamboo fabrics and its blend shows better antibacterial activity than cotton and nylon. 2013 Trade Science Inc. - INDIA INTRODUCTION the feet with antibacterial soaps. The amount of sweat that collects on our feet can be reduced by wearing Foot odor is a type of body odor that affects the well-ventilated shoes and shocks, applying an antiper- feet of humans and produces unpleasant smell espe- spirant on our feet and wearing socks preferably made cially for the sports people. This is mainly due to the of cotton or other absorbent materials that absorb a lot generation of sweat on the foot. Though Sweat is basi- of sweat and transfer it to the environment to keep the ’t have a cally a combination of salt and water, it doesn skin dry so that the bacteria cannot feed on it[2]. The distinctive smell of its own. The smell is actually caused most commonly used materials to manufacture socks by bacteria that are normally present on the skin which are cotton, polyester and nylon. is attracted by the sweat, feed on and excretes waste The use of polyester or nylon socks may increase that creates strong odor. Therefore, more smell is cre- perspiration and therefore may intensify the foot odor. ated with factors causing more sweating, such as wear- These problems can be overcome by using bamboo ing shoes and/or socks with inadequate air ventilation fiber as it has quick sweat evaporation and natural an- for many hours[1]. tibacterial properties. It can also be blended with cot- Since foot odor is caused by bacteria digesting ton and nylon to enhance the properties towards the sweat, there are two main ways to reduce the stink. absorption of sweat. One is to decrease the amount of bacteria on our feet One of the odor causative agent of sweat is propi- and the other one is to decrease the amount of sweat onic acid (propanoic acid), breakdown product of that collects on our feet. The amount of bacteria on feet amino acids by Propionicbacteria, which thrive in the can be reduced by wearing clean socks and to wash ducts of adolescent and adult sebaceous glands thus 232 Antimicrobial activity of fabrics treated with Quercus Infectoria extract BTAIJ, 7(6) 2013 FULL PAPER produces vinegar-like odour. Isovaleric acid (3-methyl acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis, were the clini- butanoic acid), another source of foot odor is a result of cal isolates obtained from R&D Bio-technology, Staphylococcus epidermidis bacterial action, present in Coimbatore, India. [2] several strong cheese types . Staphylococcus aureus Knitting and Escherichia coli bacteria are also commonly present in our skin which produces odour during sweating The yarns procured were knitted using socks knit- This bacterial action can be reduced by using sev- ting machine in three different combinations and their eral antimicrobial agents obtained from natural resources. parameters are shown in the TABLE 1. One such antimicrobial agent is Gallnut (Quercus TABLE 1 : Specifications of knitted fabrics Infectoria) that contains the mixture (60-70%) of Wales Per Course Per S.No Material Structure gallotannin, ellagic acid, starch and glucose. The dyestuff Inch (WPI) Inch (CPI) Cotton/Nylon single in the tannin of gallnut is ellagic acid, which exhibits dye- 1 21 27 ing properties because of auxochrome group (-OH) to- jersey Bamboo/Nylon 2 20 26 gether with other chromogen groups and its natural single jersey mordanting property enhances dyeability in cellulosic fab- 100% Bamboo 3 21 20 ric[3]. Both tannic and gallic acid extracted from galls are single jersey powerful astringents. Tannin in galls has good anti-viral All the knitted samples were bleached under stan- and anti-septic property. They are also used in the treat- dard conditions. ment of diarrhea, dysentery, hemorrhoids, gonorrhea, Preparation of extracts virginal infections, including leucorrhea. The aim of this work is to inhibit the foot odour The gallnut seeds were collected and grind into fine causing bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphy- powder. It was extracted by adding 5g of gallnut pow- der with 100 ml of acetone in a conical flask and heated lococcus aureus, Propionicbacterium acnes and Es- ºc under reflux for 1hr. The extract was then fil- cherichia coli by applying natural antibacterial agent at 60 tered using Whatmann no.1 filter paper and then con- on knitted fabrics made out of 100% Bamboo, Bam- ºC by using a Rotary boo/Nylon and Cotton/Nylon. Antimicrobial activities centrated under Vacuum at 40 of these fabrics were assessed by qualitative testing of Evaporator. fabrics using Agar diffusion method (AATCC 100). Application of extracts on knitted fabrics 1" X 1" fabric was immersed in solution having re- MATERIALS AND METHODS quired concentrations of extracted gallnut solution and ºC and stirred well for 45 sodium chloride for 1 hr at 40 Yarn minutes with the liquor to material ratio 50:1. Various Three different yarn samples of Cotton, Bamboo concentrations of the extracted gallnut solution used were and Nylon were selected based on market analysis. 5%, 10%, 15%, 17% and 20% w/v with various NaCl The count of selected cotton, bamboo and nylon yarns concentrations 10g/l, 20g/l and 30g/l. The treated was 30s, 30s and 70/2s respectively. samples were taken out, squeezed and air dried with- Antimicrobial agent out subjecting them to washing process. Finally an op- timized concentration of 17% w/v extracted gallnut so- Natural antimicrobial agent, Gallnut (Quercus lution and 20g/l NaCl treated sample was used for the infectoria) was purchased from M/s. Kannan Herb- assessment of antibacterial activity. als, Coimbatore, India. All other chemicals used for the extraction of gallnut were of LR grade. Estimation of antibacterial activity Test microorganisms The agar diffusion method is a relatively quick and easily executed semi-quantitative test to determine an- The bacteria used in the study include Staphylo- tibacterial activity of diffusible antimicrobial agents on coccus aureus, Escherichia coli, Propionicbacterium BiioTechnollogy treated textile material. The bacteria were grown in nu- An Indian Journal BTAIJ, 7(6) 2013 V.Yamuna and S.Sudha 233 FULL PAPER trient broth medium. Using x100 dilution from a 3 hour 100% bamboo fabrics. The results show that gallnut culture, test organisms were swabbed over the surface treated 100% bamboo material has higher inhibitory ± 0.1 cm diameter discs of the test of agar plates. 2 cm effect towards Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus fabric and control fabric were then gently pressed on to TABLE 2 : Antimicrobial activity of treated and untreated the surface of the plate. The plates were incubated at °C for 18 – 24 hours. The antibacterial activity of bamboo samples 37 fabrics was assessed by the diameter of the zone of Zone of inhibition (mm) Bacterial agent [4] 100% Bamboo 100% Bamboo inhibition in comparison to the control fabric . (Treated) (Untreated) Escherichia coli 27 - RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS Staphylococcus 24 23 aureus Staphylococcus Influence of gallnut on antimicrobial activity 22 15 epidermidis TABLE 2 and Figure 1 & 2 show the difference in Propionic bacterium 25 14 antimicrobial activity of gallnut treated and untreated acnes Figure 1 : Effect of gallnut on treated and untreated 100% bamboo fabrics Name of the Microbe Samples Staphylococcus Propionic bacterium Escherichia coli Staphylococcus aureus epidermidis acnes 100% Bamboo (Treated) 100% Bamboo (Untreated) Figure 2 : Zone of inhibition of gallnut treated and untreated bamboo samples against the foot odBourii ocaTuseincgh bnaoctlleorigay An Indian Journal 234 Antimicrobial activity of fabrics treated with Quercus Infectoria extract BTAIJ, 7(6) 2013 FULL PAPER aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionic against various bacteria such as E.coli, S.aureus, bacterium acnes. This may be due to the presence of S.epidermis and Propionic bacterium acnes. In Cotton/ tannin in gallnut which has good antimicrobial property. Nylon, gallnut shows better activity against S.aureus when Influence of fabric on antimicrobial activity compared to other microbes. In Bamboo/Nylon, gallnut shows better activity against S.aureus than other microbes. TABLE 3 and Figure 3 & 4 show the antimicrobial 100% bamboo fabric treated with gallnut, shows better activity of Quercus Infectoria on treated knitted samples activity against E.coli when compared to other microbes. Figure 3 : Effect
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