The Myth of Chiron/The Reality of Ethics
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Naming the Extrasolar Planets
Naming the extrasolar planets W. Lyra Max Planck Institute for Astronomy, K¨onigstuhl 17, 69177, Heidelberg, Germany [email protected] Abstract and OGLE-TR-182 b, which does not help educators convey the message that these planets are quite similar to Jupiter. Extrasolar planets are not named and are referred to only In stark contrast, the sentence“planet Apollo is a gas giant by their assigned scientific designation. The reason given like Jupiter” is heavily - yet invisibly - coated with Coper- by the IAU to not name the planets is that it is consid- nicanism. ered impractical as planets are expected to be common. I One reason given by the IAU for not considering naming advance some reasons as to why this logic is flawed, and sug- the extrasolar planets is that it is a task deemed impractical. gest names for the 403 extrasolar planet candidates known One source is quoted as having said “if planets are found to as of Oct 2009. The names follow a scheme of association occur very frequently in the Universe, a system of individual with the constellation that the host star pertains to, and names for planets might well rapidly be found equally im- therefore are mostly drawn from Roman-Greek mythology. practicable as it is for stars, as planet discoveries progress.” Other mythologies may also be used given that a suitable 1. This leads to a second argument. It is indeed impractical association is established. to name all stars. But some stars are named nonetheless. In fact, all other classes of astronomical bodies are named. -
The Arms of Achilles: Re-Exchange in the Iliad
The Arms of Achilles: Re-Exchange in the Iliad by Eirene Seiradaki A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Department of Classics University of Toronto © Copyright by Eirene Seiradaki (2014) “The Arms of Achilles: Re-Exchange in the Iliad ” Eirene Seiradaki Doctor of Philosophy Department of Classics University of Toronto 2014 Abstract This dissertation offers an interpretation of the re-exchange of the first set of Achilles’ arms in the Iliad by gift, loan, capture, and re-capture. Each transfer of the arms is examined in relation to the poem’s dramatic action, characterisation, and representation of social institutions and ethical values. Modern anthropological and economic approaches are employed in order to elucidate standard elements surrounding certain types of exchange. Nevertheless, the study primarily involves textual analysis of the Iliadic narratives recounting the circulation-process of Achilles’ arms, with frequent reference to the general context of Homeric exchange and re-exchange. The origin of the armour as a wedding gift to Peleus for his marriage to Thetis and its consequent bequest to Achilles signifies it as the hero’s inalienable possession and marks it as the symbol of his fate in the Iliad . Similarly to the armour, the spear, a gift of Cheiron to Peleus, is later inherited by his son. Achilles’ own bond to Cheiron makes this weapon another inalienable possession of the hero. As the centaur’s legacy to his pupil, the spear symbolises Achilles’ awareness of his coming death. In the present time of the Iliad , ii Achilles lends his armour to Patroclus under conditions that indicate his continuing ownership over his panoply and ensure the safe use of the divine weapons by his friend. -
1 Kuiper Belt Objects
259 1 The Soul of the Sky Kuiper Belt Objects Just out beyond the range of the known outer planets lies the Kuiper Belt, the newly discovered source of short period (periodic) comets, and as it is now known, so much more. This belt is actually a cloud of gas, ice, dust and debris, which when it heaps up enough mass to be gravitationally perturbed other solid objects nearby an orbit forms. Such perturbing influences would be exerted by Neptune, its moon, Triton, and Pluto. Actually Pluto is a Kuiper Belt Object (KBO) as is its moon, Charon. Astronomer Gerard Kuiper speculated as to existence of the Kuiper belt in 1951, much to the amusement of his skeptical colleagues. But as Chiron came to light in 1977, as well as Pluto’s moon Charon the following year, it became evidently clear that something else was out there. Nothing much happened from 1977 until 1992 when a second centaur, Pholus, and the first formal Kuiper Belt Object, 1992 QB1 (August 30, 1992), now minor planet 15760, were found. To the amazement of astonished and previously disbelieving astronomers, Kuiper was right. Conjecture now proposes that hundreds of thousands of Kuiper Belt Objects exist, albeit many extremely small in size, ice balls covered in reddish organic soot. Some suggestions estimate 60,000 KBO’s could be found per square degree! A plethora of bodies to yet be encountered, await. The Kuiper Belt began as a controversial idea, not only as to concept, but who figured it out first. It is widely claimed that the concept of the Kuiper Belt first came to Gerard Kuiper. -
Torresson Umn 0130E 21011.Pdf
The Curious Case of Erysichthon A Dissertation SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA BY Elizabeth Torresson IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Advisor: Nita Krevans December 2019 © Elizabeth Torresson 2019 Acknowledgments First, I would like to thank the department for their support and especially the members of my committee: Nita Krevans, Susanna Ferlito, Jackie Murray, Christopher Nappa, and Melissa Harl Sellew. The seeds of this dissertation were planted in my senior year of college when Jackie Murray spread to me with her contagious enthusiasm a love of Hellenistic poetry. Without her genuine concern for my success and her guidance in those early years, I would not be where I am today. I also owe a shout-out to my undergraduate professors, especially Robin Mitchell-Boyask and Daniel Tompkins, who inspired my love of Classics. At the University of Minnesota, Nita Krevans took me under her wing and offered both emotional and intellectual support at various stages along the way. Her initial suggestions, patience, and encouragement allowed this dissertation to take the turn that it did. I am also very grateful to Christopher Nappa and Melissa Harl Sellew for their unflagging encouragement and kindness over the years. It was in Melissa’s seminar that an initial piece of this dissertation was begun. My heartfelt thanks also to Susanna Ferlito, who graciously stepped in at the last minute and offered valuable feedback, and to Susan Noakes, for offering independent studies so that I could develop my interest in Italian language and literature. -
2019 Princeton Certamen Advanced Round One 1
2019 PRINCETON CERTAMEN ADVANCED ROUND ONE 1. Author, auction, and augment are all derived from what Latin verb with what meaning? AUGEO - INCREASE B1: Article and articulation are derived from what Latin noun with what meaning? ARTUS-LIMB B2: Artillery and inertia are derived from what Latin noun with what meaning? ARS-SKILL 2. Which Roman author, born to a plebeian family, despised aristocracy, writing that the Metelli had become consuls by fate, in addition to composing an epic on the First Punic war titled Bellum Punicum? (GNAEUS) NAEVIUS B1: The Metelli responded to Naevius’s insult by imprisoning Naevius, who was ultimately exiled to what city in North Africa? UTICA B2: Cicero in his work Brutus compared Naevius’s Bellum Punicum to a statue of Myron, and he compared what earlier author’s translation of the Odyssey to a primitive carving of Daedalus? LIVIUS ANDRONICUS 3. Symmachus’ speech regarding the altar of victory, the abolishment of the Olympic games, and defeating the usurpers Eugenius and Magnus Maximus all occurred during the reign of what emperor, the last to rule over a unified Roman empire? THEODOSIUS I B1: Theodosius I split the empire between his two sons. Name the two sons and the portion of the empire each respective son obtained. HONORIUS (WEST) & ARCADIUS (EAST) B2: In what year did Theodosius order the closure of all pagan temples? 391 A.D 4. Dēscrībāmus nunc proprietātēs dictiōnum in hāc sententiā: “Deī sub nūmine viget.” Quā persōnā est "viget"? TERTIĀ B1+B2: For five points each: Quibus cāsibus sunt "deī" et "nūmine"? GENITĪVŌ and ABLĀTĪVŌ [RESPECTIVELY; FIVE POINTS FOR EACH CORRECT] 5. -
The Functions of Myth in John Updike's Novel the Centaur
VILNIUS PEDAGOGICAL UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF FOREIGN LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH PHILOLOGY JELENA KANECKIENĖ THE FUNCTIONS OF MYTH IN JOHN UPDIKE‘S NOVEL THE CENTAUR MA Paper Academic Advisor: Dr. Daina Miniotaitė Vilnius, 2007 CONTENTS Abstract I. Introduction 2 1. Myth in the literature of the twentieth century 4 2. Meanings of myth 7 3. Categories of mythological fiction 8 4. Ritual as an underlying principle of Updike’s novels 10 5. Joseph Campbell’s vision of myth 11 6. Campbell’s classification of the functions of myth 14 II. The myth of Chiron in Updike’s The Centaur 16 1. Metaphysical function of myth in The Centaur 21 2. Sociological function of myth 29 3. Cosmological function of myth 37 4. Pedagogical function of myth 42 III. Conclusions 48 IV. Summary in Lithuanian 50 References 51 Bibliography 52 1 I. INTRODUCTION The paper analyzes the functions of myth in an American writer’s John Updike’s novel The Centaur (1963). It is a wonderful example of a mythological novel; the Greek myth about the noble centaur Chiron, employed by the author, determines the content of the book, affects the system of images and characters. Many writers of the twentieth century turned to traditional mythologies in their works. Such books as Dorothy Baker’s Cassandra at the Wedding (1966), James Blish’s Black Easter or Faust Aleph-Null (1969), Pamela Hill’s Forget Not Ariadne (1965) and many others illustrate how contemporary writers employ ancient myths in their novels. Many critics and literary scholars of the twentieth century were interested in the literature employing myths. -
OVID Metamorphoses
Metamorphoses Ovid, Joseph D. Reed, Rolfe Humphries Published by Indiana University Press Ovid, et al. Metamorphoses: The New, Annotated Edition. Indiana University Press, 2018. Project MUSE. muse.jhu.edu/book/58757. https://muse.jhu.edu/. For additional information about this book https://muse.jhu.edu/book/58757 [ Access provided at 20 May 2021 05:16 GMT from University of Washington @ Seattle ] book TWO The Story of Phaethon The royal palace of the Sun* rose high On lofty columns, bright with flashing gold, With bronze that glowed like fire, and ivory crowned The gables, and the double folding-doors Were radiant with silver. Manner there Had conquered matter, for the artist Vulcan Carved, in relief, the earth-encircling waters, The wheel of earth, the overarching skies. The sea holds blue-green gods, resounding Triton, Proteus who changes always, and Aegaeon Gripping the backs of whales, the sea-nymph Doris And all her daughters, swimming, some, and others Sitting on sea-wet rocks, their green hair drying, And others riding fishes. All the sea-girls Seem different, but alike, as sisters ought to. And the land has men and cities, beasts and forests, Rivers and nymphs and woodland gods. Above them The image of the shining sky is fashioned, Six of the zodiac symbols on the right, Six on the left. And here Clymene’s son 28 lines 19–47 Came climbing, up the stairway to the palace, Entered the palace which might be his father’s, Turned toward the face that might have been his father’s, And stopped, far off; he could not bear that radiance. -
Medicine in Early Greek Mythology.*
MEDICINE IN EARLY GREEK MYTHOLOGY.* By J. D. GILRUTH, M.D., F.R.C.P. Edin. " This Address has for its subject Medicine in Early Greek Mythology." It endeavours to represent some results of long and pleasurable interest in, and study of, certain aspects of medical life in European prehistory. By medical life let us mean evidences of medical activity as shown, or at least as deduced, from definite evidence we are able to acquire. By Europe, as distinct from its neighbouring continents, Asia and Africa, we limit the boundaries of our enquiry. But the juxtaposition of those continents, Asia by its bridgehead at the Propontis, and Africa, in respect to Egypt, by its near and constant relation to the great Bronze Age of Crete, makes it impossible to avoid noticing contacts, forces and intermediate influences. Not only so, but as ascertained, medicine, practical and organised, really came from the East. Our duty is to attempt to penetrate into the past and discover when it came, and, if time permits, how it came. The word "prehistory" requires some definition and ex- planation. It is of course not a chronological term, but one used for convenience, and somewhat arbitrarily, to signify the period before which eye-witnesses recorded their own observa- tions, and the time in which by other means we can proceed to gather probable, sometimes only possible, data or information. Now just as in any other field of enquiry, legal, medical or technical, some witnesses are reliable, and others far from believable, so in the region of prehistory; it is necessary to be careful in the extreme of the nature of the evidence to be considered. -
Pelion: the Land Apollo Loved
The Pelion region is known as the home of the Centaurs and the summer playground of the Olympian gods. But the region is also important in antiquity and in the following article Brian Clark meanders through some of the myths of the region. PELION: THE LAND APOLLO LOVED Majestic Pelion Driving across the plains of Thessaly towards the Pagasitic Gulf, the mountain range on the Pelion peninsula rises out of the sea. The gulf derives its name from Pagasae, a principal seaport in antiquity. Pelion is the southern boundary of Thessaly while Olympus guards this northern region of Greece. These famous mountains, immortalised in many of the legends of ancient Greece, contain Thessaly. The Pelion region of Thessaly is rich with mythology and both the Pelion peninsula and the plains of Thessaly were of great interest in antiquity. Olympus was the land of the gods, the estate of the divine Olympians, and its peak was heaven itself. Poseidon’s two giant, arrogant sons Ephialtes and Otus, known as the ‘Aloidae’, decided to attack Mount Olympus. Myth tells how they stacked Mount Pelion on Mount Ossa, another of Thessaly’s famous mountains, in order to storm the gods’ sanctuary. The Pelion region was known as the ‘healing mountains’ because the slopes were prolific with both medicinal and magical plants. ‘Healing waters’ flow in the crystal clear mountain streams. Homoeopathic, herbal, flower essence and even poisonous remedies were distilled from the carpet of herbs that cover Pelion: meadow saffron1, hemlock, henbane, nightshade, mandrake, St. John’s wort, mullein, yarrow. Today they are just as profuse as in antiquity, still gathered in the fields, and sold in markets and villages throughout Pelion. -
The Wise Centaur
The Wise Centaur Centaurus November 20th to December 5th from The Lost Zodiac by Catherine Tennant More exclusive content at InteractiveStars.com Your Personal Daily Horoscope - based on your Exact Date of Birth Real Time Compatibility Horoscopes Soulmate Reports, Astrology Charts and much more click here to visit our website Contents Cover Illustration from Urania's Mirror Your Guiding Stars The leading stars in your constellation beyond the Zodiac Discovering the Twenty Two Lost Star Signs Introduction Your Personal Myth - the Legends of your Star Sign The Myth and Lore behind your Star Sign The Star Sign Born under The Wise Centaur The Wise Centaur and the Traditional Zodiac Relationships with other 'Lost' Zodiac Signs The Lost Zodiac Star Sign Dates Copyright Information Copyright Catherine Tennant, from The Lost Zodiac, all rights reserved. Click the link directly above if you want to send a friend their own 'Lost Zodiac' report. Your Guiding Star beyond the zodiac We all have a zodiac sign, but we also have another sign beyond the zodiac as well. To the ancient founders of astrology, all the stars and constellations in the heavens were both magical and powerful. They paid great attention to them, and, unlike most of us today, they also knew where, and when, to find them in the sky. To find your ancient star-sign glittering above you in the heavens, and identify your personal guiding star, is to re-enter a lost and timeless world. November 20th to December 5th If you were born between these dates, your guiding star is Alpha Centauri, the brightest star in the constellation Centaurus. -
Who's Who in Classical Mythology
Who’s Who in Classical Mythology The Routledge Who’s Who series Accessible, authoritative and enlightening, these are the definitive biographical guides to a diverse range of subjects drawn from literature and the arts, history and politics, religion and mythology. Who’s Who in Ancient Egypt Michael Rice Who’s Who in the Ancient Near East Gwendolyn Leick Who’s Who in Christianity Lavinia Cohn-Sherbok Who’s Who in Classical Mythology Michael Grant and John Hazel Who’s Who in Contemporary Gay and Lesbian History Edited by Robert Aldrich and Garry Wotherspoon Who’s Who in Contemporary Women’s Writing Edited by Jane Eldridge Miller Who’s Who in Contemporary World Theatre Edited by Daniel Meyer-Dinkegräfe Who’s Who in Dickens Donald Hawes Who’s Who in Europe 1450–1750 Henry Kamen Who’s Who in Gay and Lesbian History Edited by Robert Aldrich and Garry Wotherspoon Who’s Who in the Greek World John Hazel Who’s Who in Jewish History Joan Comay, revised by Lavinia Cohn-Sherbok Who’s Who in Military History John Keegan and Andrew Wheatcroft Who’s Who in Modern History Alan Palmer Who’s Who in Nazi Germany Robert S.Wistrich Who’s Who in the New Testament Ronald Brownrigg Who’s Who in Non-Classical Mythology Egerton Sykes, revised by Alan Kendall Who’s Who in the Old Testament Joan Comay Who’s Who in the Roman World John Hazel Who’s Who in Russia since 1900 Martin McCauley Who’s Who in Shakespeare Peter Quennell and Hamish Johnson Who’s Who of Twentieth-Century Novelists Tim Woods Who’s Who in Twentieth-Century World Poetry Edited by Mark Willhardt -
Chiron by Carlos Parada
Lg *I I :, t I t Chiron by Carlos Parada Deep-thinking Chiron is the civilized Centaur who trained several famous disciples, being known for his wisdom and justice. Chiron, who was not a drunkard like other centaurs, never used his weapons against a man. Instead he spent his Old Age learning about herbs, and teaching to play the lyre to his pupils. Born a Centaur Chiron was born in very ancient times, for some have said that he was conceived at the time when Zeus was hiding in Crete, and his father Cronos, anxious to devour the little god, was looking for him throughout the earth. And Chiron, they say, was born a Centaur because Cronos begot him in a horse's shape. Without Chiron, they say, there would not be art of healing. For Asclepius, despite the fact that he was the son of Apollo, the god of healing, learned medicine from the centaur Chiron. And as it has been pointed out, the art that Asclepius' sons Machaon and Podalirius performed at the time of the Trojan War, as when Machaon cured Menelaus, was the same art that Chiron had taught to his disciple Asclepius. But Chiron taught the art of healing to his other disciples too, for that is what the wounded Eurypylus says to Patroclus when they were fighting at Troy: "I want you to cut out this arrow from my thigh, wash off the blood with warm water and spread soothing ointment on the wound. They say you have some excellent prescriptions that you learnt from Achilles, who was taught by Chiron ..." (Eurypylus 1 to Patroclus 1.