DOCSLIB.ORG

Emissions of Intermediate-Volatility and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds from Domestic Fuels Used in Delhi, India

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Emissions of Intermediate-Volatility and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds from Domestic Fuels Used in Delhi, India Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2407–2426, 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2407-2021 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Emissions of intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds from domestic fuels used in Delhi, India Gareth J. Stewart1, Beth S. Nelson1, W. Joe F. Acton2,a, Adam R. Vaughan1, Naomi J. Farren1, James R. Hopkins1,3, Martyn W. Ward1, Stefan J. Swift1, Rahul Arya4, Arnab Mondal4, Ritu Jangirh4, Sakshi Ahlawat4, Lokesh Yadav4, Sudhir K. Sharma4, Siti S. M. Yunus5, C. Nicholas Hewitt2, Eiko Nemitz6, Neil Mullinger6, Ranu Gadi7, Lokesh K. Sahu8, Nidhi Tripathi8, Andrew R. Rickard1,3, James D. Lee1,3, Tuhin K. Mandal4, and Jacqueline F. Hamilton1 1Wolfson Atmospheric Chemistry Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK 2Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK 3National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK 4CSIR-National Physical Laboratory, Dr. K.S. Krishnan Marg, New Delhi, Delhi 110012, India 5School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, Cranfield, MK43 0AL, UK 6UK Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, EH26 0QB, UK 7Indira Gandhi Delhi Technical University for Women, Kashmiri Gate, New Delhi, Delhi 110006, India 8Physical Research Laboratory (PRL), Ahmedabad 380009, India anow at: School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK Correspondence: Jacqueline F. Hamilton ([email protected]) Received: 17 August 2020 – Discussion started: 25 August 2020 Revised: 2 December 2020 – Accepted: 22 December 2020 – Published: 18 February 2021 Abstract. Biomass burning emits significant quantities of The method was analysed for suitability to make quantitative intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds measurements of I/SVOCs using SPE discs. Analysis of SPE (I/SVOCs) in a complex mixture, probably containing many discs indicated phenolic and furanic compounds were impor- thousands of chemical species. These components are sig- tant for gas-phase I/SVOC emissions and levoglucosan to the nificantly more toxic and have poorly understood chemistry aerosol phase. Gas- and particle-phase emission factors for compared to volatile organic compounds routinely quantified 21 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were derived, in ambient air; however, analysis of I/SVOCs presents a dif- including 16 compounds listed by the US EPA as priority ficult analytical challenge. pollutants. Gas-phase emissions were dominated by smaller The gases and particles emitted during the test combus- PAHs. The new emission factors were measured (mg kg−1) tion of a range of domestic solid fuels collected from across for PAHs from combustion of cow dung cake (615), munic- Delhi were sampled and analysed. Organic aerosol was col- ipal solid waste (1022), crop residue (747), sawdust (1236), lected onto Teflon (PTFE) filters, and residual low-volatility fuelwood (247), charcoal (151) and liquefied petroleum gas gases were adsorbed to the surface of solid-phase extraction (56). (SPE) discs. A new method relying on accelerated solvent ex- The results of this study indicate that cow dung cake and traction (ASE) coupled to comprehensive two-dimensional municipal solid waste burning are likely to be significant gas chromatography with time-of-flight mass spectrometry PAH sources, and further study is required to quantify their (GC × GC–ToF-MS) was developed. This highly sensitive impact alongside emissions from fuelwood burning. and powerful analytical technique enabled over 3000 peaks from I/SVOC species with unique mass spectra to be de- tected. A total of 15 %–100 % of gas-phase emissions and 7 %–100 % of particle-phase emissions were characterised. Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 2408 G. J. Stewart et al.: Emissions of I/SVOCs from domestic fuel combustion in India 1 Introduction The reason for this is because of the exponential growth of potential isomers with carbon number, which results in Biomass burning is one of the most important global sources a large number of coeluting peaks (Goldstein and Galbally, of trace gases and particles to the atmosphere (Simoneit, 2007). The high resolution of two-dimensional gas chro- 2002; Chen et al., 2017; Andreae, 2019), with residen- matography (GC × GC) has been demonstrated as an ideal tial solid-fuel combustion and wildfires emitting significant technique to overcome this issue when analysing complex quantities of organic matter (Streets et al., 2003; Barboni organic samples in both gas (Lewis et al., 2000; Stewart et et al., 2010; Chen et al., 2017; Liu et al., 2017; Kiely et al., 2021a) and particle phases (Hamilton et al., 2004; Lyu al., 2019). Emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) et al., 2019). The application of GC × GC to biomass burn- and particulate matter (PM) from biomass burning are of in- ing emissions has shown hundreds of gaseous I/SVOCs us- terest due to their detrimental impact on air quality. VOCs ing adsorption–thermal-desorption cartridges (Hatch et al., react to form ozone and secondary organic aerosol (SOA). 2015) or solid-phase extraction (SPE) discs (Hatch et al., Intermediate-volatility and semi-volatile organic compounds 2018). GC × GC has also been used to analyse the parti- (I/SVOCs) are also a significant emission from biomass burn- cle phase with samples collected onto PTFE or quartz fil- ing (Stockwell et al., 2015; Koss et al., 2018). I/SVOCs are ters (Hatch et al., 2018; Jen et al., 2019), with the latter an important class of air pollutant due to their contribution study quantifying 149 organic compounds which accounted to aerosol formation (Bruns et al., 2016; Lu et al., 2018). for 4 %–37 % of the total mass of organic carbon. The pro- I/SVOC emissions are poorly, if at all, represented in regional cess used by Hatch et al. (2018) demonstrated high recov- inventories and chemical transport models. Consequently, eries of non-polar species from PTFE filters, with lower re- their impacts to air quality in developing regions, where coveries from SPE discs. This study highlighted the need for solid-fuel combustion is a dominant fuel source, are not well further evaluation of samples collected onto PTFE filters and understood. Recent studies have shown that the inclusion of SPE discs, ideally improving the method to remove undesir- I/SVOCs leads to better agreement between modelled and able steps such as trimethylsilylation derivatisation, the use measured values (Ots et al., 2016; Woody et al., 2016; Jathar of pyridine and centrifuging, which led to high evaporative et al., 2017; Murphy et al., 2017). Global I/SVOC emissions losses. The need to develop improved sampling and measure- to the atmosphere from biomass burning were estimated to ment techniques for I/SVOCs has also been highlighted. This be ∼ 54 Tg yr−1 from 2005–2008 (Hodzic et al., 2016), with is because these species often do not transmit quantitatively I/SVOCs contributing in the range 8–15.5 Tg yr−1 to SOA through the inlet and tubing when measured using online gas- (Cubison et al., 2011; Hodzic et al., 2016). phase techniques (Pagonis et al., 2017). SOA formation from biomass burning emissions is poorly Residential combustion, agricultural crop residue burning understood globally. Important factors include the formation and open municipal solid waste burning in the developing of less volatile products from the oxidation of non-methane world are large, poorly characterised pollution sources with volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs) which partition into the potential to have a significant impact on local and re- the aerosol phase, heterogeneous oxidation of aerosol phase gional air quality, impacting human health (Venkataraman et organics, and plume dilution followed by evaporation and al., 2005; Jain et al., 2014; Wiedinmyer et al., 2014). Haz- further gas-phase oxidation (Lim et al., 2019). Ahern et ardous indoor air pollution from combustion of solid fuels al. (2019) showed that for burning of biomass needles, bio- has been shown to be the most important factor from a range genic VOCs were the dominant class of SOA precursor. This of 67 environmental and lifestyle risk factors causing disease study also found that for wire grass, furans were the most im- in South Asia (Lim et al., 2012). Despite this, nearly 76 % portant SOA precursor. Bruns et al. (2016) showed that SOA of rural Indian households depend on solid biomass for their formation from combustion of beech fuelwood was domi- cooking needs (Gordon et al., 2018), using biofuels such as nated by 22 compounds, with phenol, naphthalene and ben- fuelwood, cow dung cake and crop residue. Combustion of- zene contributing up to 80 % of the observed SOA. SOA for- ten takes place indoors, without efficient emission controls, mation from biomass burning has been shown to be signifi- which significantly increases the mean household concentra- cant in laboratory studies, with SOA yields from the burning tion of pollutants, particularly particulate matter with a diam- of western US fuels reported to be 24 ± 4 % after 6 h and eter less than 2.5 µm (PM2:5). The health effects from this are 56 ± 9 % after 4 d (Lim et al., 2019). However, the effect of significant, with an estimated 3.8 million premature deaths atmospheric ageing on I/SVOCs still remains poorly under- globally due to inefficient indoor combustion from cooking stood (Liu et al., 2017; Decker et al., 2019; Sengupta et al., (WHO, 2018). 2020). Few detailed studies examining the composition of Better understanding of the quantity and composition of I/SVOC emissions from solid-fuel combustion sources from I/SVOCs from biomass burning is needed to evaluate their South Asia have been conducted. Sheesley et al. (2003) used impact on the atmosphere. This is a difficult analytical task, solvent extraction followed by GC–MS to produce emission which is not well suited to conventional analysis with gas factors and examine molecular markers from combustion of chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Rise of Dalit Peasants Kolhi Activism in Lower Sindh
    The Rise of Dalit Peasants Kolhi Activism in Lower Sindh (Original Thesis Title) Kolhi-peasant Activism in Naon Dumbālo, Lower Sindh Creating Space for Marginalised through Multiple Channels Ghulam Hussain Mahesar Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Anthropology ii Islamabad - Pakistan Year 2014 Kolhi-Peasant Activism in Naon Dumbālo, Lower Sindh Creating Space for Marginalised through Multiple Channels Ghulam Hussain Thesis submitted to the Department of Anthropology, Quaid-i-Azam University Islamabad, in partial fulfillment of the degree of ‗Master of Philosophy in Anthropology‘ iii Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Anthropology Islamabad - Pakistan Year 2014 Formal declaration I hereby, declare that I have produced the present work by myself and without any aid other than those mentioned herein. Any ideas taken directly or indirectly from third party sources are indicated as such. This work has not been published or submitted to any other examination board in the same or a similar form. Islamabad, 25 March 2014 Mr. Ghulam Hussain Mahesar iv Final Approval of Thesis Quaid-i-Azam University Department of Anthropology Islamabad - Pakistan This is to certify that we have read the thesis submitted by Mr. Ghulam Hussain. It is our judgment that this thesis is of sufficient standard to warrant its acceptance by Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad for the award of the degree of ―MPhil in Anthropology‖. Committee Supervisor: Dr. Waheed Iqbal Chaudhry External Examiner: Full name of external examiner incl. title Incharge: Dr. Waheed Iqbal Chaudhry v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This thesis is the product of cumulative effort of many teachers, scholars, and some institutions, that duly deserve to be acknowledged here.
    [Show full text]
  • Biomass Briquette Production: a Propagation of Non-Convention Technology and Future of Pollution Free Thermal Energy Sources
    American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) 2015 American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) e-ISSN: 2320-0847 p-ISSN: 2320-0936 Volume-04, Issue-02, pp-44-50 www.ajer.org Research Paper Open Access Biomass Briquette Production: A Propagation of Non-Convention Technology and Future of Pollution Free Thermal Energy Sources Manoj Kumar Sharma, Gohil Priyank, Nikita Sharma M.Tech. Scholar, Truba Institute of Engineering & Information Technology, Bhopal (M.P.) India M.Tech. Student, Truba Institute of Engineering & Information Technology, Bhopal (M.P.) India B.Sc. (Biotech), Student, Govt. P.G. College, BHEL, Bhopal (M.P.) India Abstract: Biomass briquettes are a biofuel substitute to coal and charcoal. Briquettes are mostly used in the developing world where cooking fuels are not as easily available. Briquettes are used to heat industrial boilers in order to produce electricity from steam. The briquettes are con-fired with coal in order to create the heat supplied to the boiler. People have been using biomass briquettes since before recorded history. Biomass briquettes are made from agriculture waste and are a replacement for fossils fuels such as oil or coal, and can be used to heat boiler in manufacturing plants. Biomass briquettes are a renewable source of energy and avoid adding fossils carbon to the atmosphere. The extrusion production technology of briquettes is the process of extrusion screw wastes (straw, sunflower husks, buckwheat, etc.) or finely shredded wood waste (sawdust) under high pressure. There is a tremendous scope to bring down the waste of convention energy sources to a considerable level through the development, propagation of non-convention briquettes technology i.e.
    [Show full text]
  • Agricultural Residues, Briquettes, Domestic Cooking, Fuelwood, Pollution, Sustainable Fuel
    Energy and Power 2020, 10(2): 40-47 DOI: 10.5923/j.ep.20201002.03 Briquettes from Agricultural Residues; An Alternative Clean and Sustainable Fuel for Domestic Cooking in Nasarawa State, Nigeria Sunday Yusuf Kpalo1,2,*, Mohamad Faiz Zainuddin2 1Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Nasarawa State University, Keffi, Nasarawa State, Nigeria 2Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Abstract In Nasarawa state, over 70% of the population are involved in subsistence farming. Varied agricultural resources are produced in millions of tons annually. Large quantity of residues is generated that are either left to rot on farmlands or disposed of by burning in open air. In many rural areas, the residues are also used in their raw form for cooking purposes which is inefficient. The disposal and use of the residues cause pollution in the environment which affects human health. Residues can provide a source of clean and renewable energy in the form of solid biofuel called briquettes through densification. Briquetting is a densification technology that converts residues with a low heating value per unit volume into high density and energy concentrated fuels. This paper offers a perspective on the potentials of agricultural residues in Nasarawa state to produce briquettes as an alternative clean and sustainable domestic cooking fuel. The paper concludes that briquettes could be economically and environmentally friendly alternative to fuelwood. The use of biomass briquettes would reduce dependence on fuelwood, environmental pollution and the amount of time spent on cooking. Adopting the briquetting technology will enhance access to clean and affordable energy in line with the 7th goal of the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals.
    [Show full text]
  • Viability of Sawdust Briquettes for Rural Ghana
    The University of Texas at Austin, Department of Mechanical Engineering Viability of sawdust briquettes for rural Ghana Honors Thesis Ibrahim Mohedas 5/25/2011 CONTENTS Abstract ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................... 2 Fuels in the Developing World ...................................................................................................................................... 2 Alternative Fuel Sources .................................................................................................................................................. 2 Indoor Air Pollution ........................................................................................................................................................... 3 Technical Background ........................................................................................................................................................... 5 Methodology .............................................................................................................................................................................. 5 Briquette Formation .........................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • {PDF EPUB} Protection of Minorities: Regimes, Norms and Issues In
    Read Ebook {PDF EPUB} Protection of Minorities: Regimes, Norms and Issues in South Asia by Muhammad Mahbubur Rahman Jan 01, 2012 · The second major focus of this book is to relate international standards on minority protection to South Asian regimes. Concentrating on India, …Author: Muhammad Mahbubur RahmanProtection of Minorities: Regimes, Norms and Issues in ...https://www.amazon.com/Protection-Minorities...Aug 01, 2012 · Protection of Minorities: Regimes, Norms and Issues in South Asia Hardcover – August 1, 2012 by Borhan Uddin Khan (Author), Muhammad Mahbubur Rahman (Author) See all formats and editions Hide other formats and editionsAuthor: Borhan Uddin Khan, Muhammad Mahbubur RahmanFormat: HardcoverProtection of Minorities: Regimes, Norms and Issues in ...https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/protection-of...Aug 01, 2012 · Concentrating on India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, the Maldives, and Afghanistan, an endeavor is made to examine the state of minorities and their protection under the domestic regimes. It emerges that the normative commitments of these states are more or less compatible with international standards.Author: Borhan Uddin KhanFormat: HardcoverPages: 165People also askWhich is the secular national identity of Pakistan?Which is the secular national identity of Pakistan?Social scientist Nasim Ahmad Jawed conducted a survey in 1969 in pre-divided Pakistan on the type of national identity that was used by educated professional people. He found that over 60% of people in East Pakistan (modern day Bangladesh) professed to have a secular national identity.Islamization in Pakistan - Wikipedia CHAPTER 5: National Level Protection of Minorities in South Asia 53-89 5.1 Minorities in India 53 5.1.1 The Constitution of India on minorities 53 5.1.2 Religious minorities 56 5.1.3 Linguistic minorities 59 5.1.4 Indigenous tribal groups 60 5.1.5 Dalits as a caste minority 61 5.2 Minorities in Pakistan 63Cited by: 1Publish Year: 2009Author: Borhan Uddin Khan, Muhammad Mahbubur RahmanFaculty of Law – Details of Md.
    [Show full text]
  • Recycle: Bioenergy (Circular Carbon Economy
    International Renewable Energy Agency 05 Recycle: Bioenergy. International Renewable Energy Agency August 2020 Please see disclaimer Reduce. Reuse.Recycle. Remove. 01 International Renewable Energy Agency The views in this report are those of IRENA and do not necessarily reflect the official views of the G20 Members collectively or individually or of KAPSARC. International Renewable Energy Agency Table of contents Abbreviations 04 Executive summary 06 00 G20 Recommendations 09 01 Introduction 14 02 Current Status 17 The technology outlook for bioenergy and bio-based materials 22 03 3.1 Bioenergy in the Industry Sector 3.2 Bioenergy in the Transport Sector 3.3 Bioenergy in the Buildings Sector 3.4 Bioenergy in the Power Sector 3.5 Bio-based Materials Carbon management potential of biomass 35 04 4.1 Key drivers for the energy transformation 4.2 Global pathway and the role of bioenergy Barriers to the deployment of biomass for energy and material use 46 5.1 Barriers to transitioning from traditional to modern uses of biomass 05 5.2 Barriers for modern bioenergy in the developed context 5.3 Sustainability of bioenergy Policies to support biomass use in energy 57 06 6.1 From traditional to modern uses of biomass 6.2 Modern bioenergy in the developed context References 69 International Renewable Energy Agency Figures Figure 1. Current bioenergy shares, and liquid biofuel production 18 Figure 2. Renewable energy contribution to industry final energy consumption in the Transforming Energy Scenario (TES) in 2050` 23 Figure 3. Final energy consumption in the transport sector per energy carrier (2017 and 2030- 2050 TES) 25 Figure 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Biomass Briquetting: Opportunities for the Transformation of Traditional Biomass Energy in Ethiopia
    Journal of Energy Technologies and Policy www.iiste.org ISSN 2224-3232 (Paper) ISSN 2225-0573 (Online) Vol.7, No.3, 2017 Biomass Briquetting: Opportunities for the Transformation of Traditional Biomass Energy in Ethiopia Asrat Tekle Asresu (Lecturer) Department Of Natural Resource Management; Wolaita Sodo University, P.O. Box 138 Abstract Traditional biomass is the major source of energy in many developing countries. In Ethiopia traditional biomass burning supplies more than 92% of national energy consumption. This has been causing different environmental and socioeconomic impacts. With traditional biomass being used as the primary source of energy in all sectors, there is huge demand for the development of alternative biomass energy technologies in Ethiopia. Similar situations in many developing countries led to the popularization of the briquetting technology. The briquetting process is the physical transformation of loose raw organic materials into high density fuel briquettes through a compacting process which increases the calorific value and combustion efficiency of the product. In Ethiopia, the available biomass resource such as wood, agro-industrial residues and municipal waste which is expected to meet the country's growing energy demand can provide huge opportunity for the adoption of the briquetting technology. The manufacture, repair and maintenance of briquette equipments can be addressed using local capacity. Thus there is a need for strengthening cooperation among all stakeholders concerned with energy and environment to promote the briquetting technology thereby contribute towards efficient and environmentally sustainable energy supply. Keywords : Briquette, Biomass potential, Conversion technology, Market opportunity. 1. Introduction Global energy demand is increasing rapidly due to increasing world population and economic growth.
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of the Performances of Biomass Briquettes Produced With
    enewa f R bl o e ls E a n t e n r e g Journal of y m a a Bandara and Kowshayini, J Fundam Renewable Energy Appl 2017, 8:1 n d d n u A F p DOI: 10.4172/2090-4541.1000247 f p Fundamentals of Renewable Energy o l i l ISSN: 2090-4541c a a n t r i o u n o s J and Applications Research Article Open Access Evaluation of the Performances of Biomass Briquettes Produced with Invasive Eichornia crassipes (Water hyacinth), Wood Residues and Cow Dung for Small and Medium Scale Industries Wartw Bandara* and P Kowshayini Department of Zoology and Environmental Management, University of Kelaniya,Kelaniya, Sri Lanka Abstract Conventional energy resources decrease worldwide with increasing population and technology advancement. Sustainable Energy Authority of Sri Lanka focuses on total replacement of fossil fuel by renewable energy sources by 2050. Water hyacinth is a renewable energy source as it has considerable energy potential within and it is invasive to Sri Lanka. This study aims to identify the ideal proportion of the saw dust: water hyacinth and cow dung: water hyacinth to produce briquettes for biomass boilers in industries. Saw dust was mixed with water hyacinth in 25:75-S1, 50:50-S2 and 75:25-S3 proportions. Cow dung was mixed with water hyacinth as above proportions (C1, C2 and C3). Energy briquettes were manufactured using screw type extruder briquetting machine. Energy properties including moisture content, volatile matter content, ash content, fixed carbon and calorific value and mechanical properties including bulk density, durability, water resistance capacity and water boiling time were measured and fuel wood value indices of briquettes were calculated.
    [Show full text]
  • Faecal Sludge Management: Highlights and Exercises
    Faecal Sludge Management: Highlights and Exercises Editors Miriam Englund Linda Strande Bibliographic Reference: Englund, M. and Strande, L., (Editors). 2019. Faecal Sludge Management: Highlights and Exercises. Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology. Dübendorf, Switzerland. ISBN: 978-3-906484-70-9 © Eawag: Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology Sandec: Department Sanitation, Water and Solid Waste for Development Dübendorf, Switzerland, www.sandec.ch Permission is granted for reproduction of this material, in whole or part, for education, scientific or development related purposes except those involving commercial sale, provided that full citation of the source is given. A free PDF copy of this publication can be downloaded from www.sandec.ch/fsm_tools. Text Editing: Claire Taylor Photos: Eawag-Sandec Authors Contributors and reviewers (in alphabetical order) (in alphabetical order) Nienke Andriessen Ashanti Bleich Miriam Englund Damir Brdjanovic Moritz Gold Nadège de Chambrier Marius Klinger Guillaume Clair Christoph Lüthi Kayla Coppens Samuel Renggli Marta Fernàndez Cortés Stanley Sam Christopher Friedrich Linda Strande Pavan Indireddy BJ Ward Abishek Sankara Narayan Ariane Schertenleib Dorothee Spuhler Fabian Suter Elizabeth Tilley Lukas Ulrich Imanol Zabaleta Foreword The book ‘Faecal Sludge Management: Systems Approach for Implementation and Operation’ was first published in 2014 and has since been translated into English, French, Hindi, Marathi, Russian, Spanish and Tamil. It is used by practitioners and universities around the world. Since its publication, the sector has been rapidly growing and adapting to address the need for faecal sludge management. To keep pace with rapid developments, publications are needed that can adapt more quickly during the time required for new books and book editions to be published.
    [Show full text]
  • Before the National Green Tribunal Principal Bench, New Delhi O.A
    BEFORE THE NATIONAL GREEN TRIBUNAL PRINCIPAL BENCH, NEW DELHI O.A. NO. 46 OF 2018 WITH O.A NO. 1083/2018 IN THE MATTER OF: NUGGEHALLI JAYASIMHA APPLICANT(S) VERSUS GOVT. OF NCT OF DELHI RESPONDENT(S) WITH RESIDENT OF C2 BLOCK AVA NAGAR APPLICANT (S) VERSUS GOVT. OF NCT OF DELHI RESPONDENT(S) -IND-EX SR. NO. PARTICULAR PAGE NO. 1. STATUS REPORT IN THE MATTER OF O.A. NO. 46/2018, TITLED AS NUGGEHALLI JAYASIMHA VS. GOVT. OF NCT OF DELHI IN COMPLIANCE OF HON'BLE NGT ORDER DATED 24.01.2020. 2. ANNEXURE- I ENVIRONMENTAL GUIDELINES FOR DAIRY FARMS & GAUSHALAS. 3. ANNEXURE- II INVENTORY PERFORMA FOR DAIRIES AND GAUSHALAS IN THE STATE/UT. 4. ANNEXURE-111 CONSOLIDATED STATUS RECEIVED FROM ALL THE STATES/UTS TILL 12.05.2020 REGARDING DAIRIES. 5. ANNEXURE- IV CONSOLIDATED STATUS RECEIVED FROM ALL THE STATES/UTS TILL 12.05.2020 REGARDING GAUSHALAS. 6. ANNEXURE- V AREA-WISE INVENTORY OF DAIRIES AND GAUSHALAS IN THE STATE/UTs. 7. ANNEXURE- VI PUBLIC NOTICE BY SPCBS/PCCS REGARDING DAIRIES AND GAUSHALA IN THE STATES/UTS. 1 8. ANNEXURE-VII HON'BLE NGT ORDER DATED 24.01.2020 j__d- (S. K. GUPTA) SCIENTIST 'E' CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD PARIVESH BHAWAN, EAST ARJUN NAGAR DELHl-110032 PLACE: DELHI DATED: 12.05.2020 1 Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi Status Report of Compliance in the matter of O.A. No. 46/2018, Nuggehalli Jayasimha Vs Government of NCT of Delhi regarding Dairy farms and Gaushalas The Hon'ble National Green Tribunal (NGT), Principal Bench, New Delhi, issued the following order to CPCB and SPCBs/PCCs on 8.7.2019 in the matter of O.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Biogas Production Using Geomembrane Plastic Digesters As Alternative Rural Energy Source and Soil Fertility Management
    Sustainable Energy, 2014, Vol. 2, No. 1, 12-19 Available online at http://pubs.sciepub.com/rse/2/1/3 © Science and Education Publishing DOI:10.12691/rse-2-1-3 Biogas Production Using Geomembrane Plastic Digesters as Alternative Rural Energy Source and Soil Fertility Management Seid Yimer1, Bezabih Yimer2, Omprakash Sahu1,* 1Department of Chemical Engineering, KIOT, Wollo University, Kombolcha, Ethiopia 2Mersa Agricultural TVET College, Woldya, Ethiopia *Corresponding author: [email protected] Received December 18, 2013; Revised January 10, 2014; Accepted January 20, 2014 Abstract The aim of work is to evaluate amount of gas production, economical feasibility and quality of slurry for geomembrane plastic biogas plants constructed below and above the ground surface and fixed-dome biogas plant of 3 m3 capacity. Amount of gas and slurry were measured using calibrated biogas burner and weight balance respectively. The qualities of the slurry were analyzed in the laboratory using Kjeldahl and ash method respectively. Economic evaluation and comparison of the biodigester was carried out using cost-benefit analysis. Gas production and total-N was higher for a single layered and above ground plastic biodigester than others. Fermented slurry contained larger nitrogen content than fresh cow dung in both models of biodigester. The geomembrane plastic biogas plant gave higher net benefit than fixed-dome biogas plant. The biogas technology was found to increase income generation through increased crop production with the use of nutritive slurry as organic fertilizer and solve the problem of fuel shortage in the rural areas. Environmental impact assessment of the technology was studied and 3 3 found that from the use of a geomembrane plastic biodigester, 360 m of CO2 and 600 m CH4 was prevented from emitting in to the atmosphere and save 0.562 hectare of forest per year from being deforested and hence attributed towards the decrease in global warming.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Investigations of Combustion Emissions from Paper Briquettes
    Comparative Investigations of Combustion Emissions from Paper Briquettes A PACWASTE TECHNICAL REPORT SPREP Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Thai, Phong … [et al.] Comparative investigations of combustion emissions from paper briquettes. – Apia, Samoa : SPREP, 2016. 16p. 29cm. ISBN: 978-982-04-0597-4 (print) 978-982-04-0598-1 (e-copy) 1. Paper briquette – Combustion emissions. 2. Recycled paper – Air pollution. 3. Biomass fuel combustion – Gaseous pollutants - Investigations. 4. Recycled paper fuel – Waste Management. I. Dr. Thai, Phong. II. Dr. Rahman, Md Mostafizur. III. Dr. Pourkhesalian, Ali Mohammad. IV. Dr. Stevanovic, Svetlana.V. Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP). VI. Title. 662.7 Copyright © Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP), 2016. Acknowledgements: This report was prepared for SPREP by Dr Phong Thai, Dr. Md Mostafizur Rahman, Dr. Ali Mohammad Pourkhesalian and Dr Svetlana Stevanovic from the International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health (ILAQH) at Queensland University of Technology (QUT). Reproduction for educational or other non-commercial purposes is authorised without prior written permission from the copyright holder provided that the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction of this publication for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written consent of the copyright owner. Cover images: Briquette making in Majuro, Republic of the Marshall Islands. Photos (c) Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). Secretariat of the Pacific Regional Environment Programme (SPREP) (685) 21929 | PO Box 240 | Apia, Samoa | [email protected] | www.sprep.org SPREP’s vISION: The Pacific environment – sustaining our livelihoods and natural heritage in harmony with our cultures. This publication has been produced with the assistance of the European Union.
    [Show full text]