DOCSLIB.ORG

1 Introduction

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
1 Introduction Notes 1 Introduction 1. In this book, the term “bank(s)” or “banking” refers to deposit-taking insti- tutions or retail banking. All translations are by the author, except where otherwise indicated. 2. Banks around the World, Top Banks in the World 2013, 2013, http://www .relbanks.com/worlds-top-banks/assets. 3. United States-China Economic and Security Review Commission, “China’s Financial System and Monetary Policies: The Impact on U.S. Exchange Rates, Capital Markets, and Interests Rates,” 2006, http://www.uscc.gov /hearings/2006hearings/transcripts/aug_22/06_10_22_trans.pdf, 3. 4. Zhong Fei Zhou, Banking Laws in China (London: Kluwer Law International, 2007). 5. Zhou Zhong Fei and Li Jing Wei, “Independence and Accountability of the People’s Bank of China: A Legal Perspective,” in James R. Barth (ed.), Financial Restructuring and Reform in Post-WTO China (London: Kluwer Law International, 2007), 77, 103. 6. Susan Krause Bell and Howard Chao, The Financial System in China: Risks and Opportunities Following the Global Financial Crisis (Washington, DC: Promontory Financial Group, 2010), 7; IMF, “People’s Republic of China: Financial System Stability Assessment,” 2011; World Bank and the People’s Republic of China Development Research Center of the State Council, “China 2030 Building a Modern, Harmonious, and Creative High-Income Society,” 2012. 7. Anthony Ogus, Regulation Legal Form and Economic Theory (Oxford: Hart Publishing, 1994), 4. 8. CBRC, Guan Yu Zhong Guo Ren Min Yin Hang Ye Jian Du Wei Yuan Hui Lu Xing Yuan You Zhong Guo Ren Min Yin Hang Lu Xing de Jian Du Guan Li Zhi Ze de Jue Ding [Decision on Chinese Banking Regulatory Committee in Charge of Supervisory and Regulatory Responsibility], 2003, http://www .cbrc.gov.cn/chinese/home/jsp/docView.jsp?docID=259. 9. Laws of People’s Republic of China on Banking Regulation and Supervision, 2003, s3. 10. CBRC, Yin Jian Hui de Jian Guan Mu Biao [The Regulatory Objectives of the CBRC], 2003, http://www.cbrc.gov.cn/english/info/yjhjj/index.jsp 158 NOTES 11. CBRC, Annual Report 2008, Beijing, 2009, 16. 12. CBRC, Annual Report 2007, Beijing, 2008, 101. 13. Ibid., 60. 14. Laws of People’s Bank of China, 1995, s3. 15. PBoC, Zhong Guo Ren Min Yin Hang Hang Zhang Zhou Xiao Chuan Hui Da Ji Zhe Ti Wen [The PBoC’s Governor Zhou Met the Media], Beijing, 2011, http://www.pbc.gov.cn/publish/goutongjiaoliu/524/2011/2011080300504242 3947288/20110803005042423947288_.html. 16. PBoC, Zhong Guo Ren Min Yin Hang Jian Jian [The Introduction of the PBoC], Beijing, 2000, http://www.pbc.gov.cn/publish/zhengwugongkai/495 /1811/18118/18118_.html. 17. Please refer to chapter 4 for further details. 18. Gregory C. Chow, China’s Economic Transformation, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Wiley- Blackwell, 2007), 252. 19. Xinhua, Li Jie Quan Guo Jin Rong Hui Yi Hui Gu [Revisiting National Conference on Financial Work], Beijing, 2007, http://news.cctv.com/special /C17533/20070118/103903.shtml. 20. Ibid. 21. Dai Xiang Rong, “Hui Gu 1997 Quan Guo Jin Rong Gong Zuo Hui Yi” [1997’s National Conference on Financial Work], Zhong Guo Jin Rong [China Finance] 55 (2010): 19–20. 22. In China, the financial sector is segregated into banking, insurance, and security. 23. Xinhua, Li Jie Quan Guo Jin Rong Hui Yi Hui Gu. 24. Xinhua, Quan Guo Jion Rong Gong Zuo Zai Jing Zhao Kai Wen Jiao Bao Zuo Zhong Yao Jiang Hua [Wen’s Speech at the National Conference on Financial Work], Beijing, 2007, http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2007–01/20/content _5630446.htm. 25. Gail Pearson, “Risk and the Consumer in Australian Financial Services Reform,” Sydney Law Review 28 (2006): 103. 26. Xinhua, Zhong Yang Jing Ji Gong Zuo Hui Yi Ju Xing Xi Jing Ping Zuo Zhong Yao Jiang Hua [Xi Jing Ping’s Speech at the Government’s Meeting on Economy], Beijing, 2012, http://news.xinhuanet.com/fortune/2012–12/16 /c_114044452.htm. 27. CPC, Bu Duan Ti Shen Fa Zhan Zhi Liang he Xiao Yi [Develop the Quality and “Xiao Yi” of the Economy], Beijing, 2013, http://cpc.people.com.cn /shipin/n/2013/0322/c244186–20886323.html. 28. National People’s Congress, “Constitution of People’s Republic of China,” 1982, Preamble. 29. The State Council, Gong He Guo de Zu Ji [Path of the Republic], Beijing, 2009, http://www.gov.cn/jrzg/2009–09/24/content_1425253.htm. 30. Zhong Gong Zhong Yang Wen Xian Yan Jiu Shi [The Communist Party of China Research Department], Jiang Ze Ming Lun You Zhong Guo Te Se de She Hui Zhu Yi [Jiang Ze Min: Socialist Market Economy with Chinese Characteristics], The Communist Party of China Research Department, 2002, 45. NOTES 159 31. Report on 15th the Communist Party of China National Meeting, 1997, http:// cpc.people.com.cn/GB/64162/64168/64568/index.html. 32. Ibid. 33. Chen Shi Kui, “Bu Du Li Gao Dang Jia Yu She Hui Zhu Yi Shi Chang Jing Ji de Neng Li” [Increase the Party’s Capability in Managing Socialist Market Economy], Chong Qin You Dian Yue Xuan Xue Bao [Journal of Chong Qin Post College] 2 (2006): 145. 34. World Bank and the People’s Republic of China Development Research Center of the State Council, “China 2030,” 111. 35. The table has been compiled based on PBoC, “China Monetary Policy Report 2013 First Quarter,” 2013, 7. 36. IMF, “How the IMF Promotes Global Economic Stability,” 2013, 1, http:// www.imf.org/external/np/exr/facts/globstab.htm. 37. Ibid., 1. 38. World Bank, “Governance and Development,” 1992, 1, http://documents .worldbank.org/curated/en/1992/04/440582/governance-development. 39. A.W. Phillips, “Stabilisation Policy in a Closed Economy,” Economic Journal 64, no. 254 (1954): 291. 40. World Health Organization, “China: Health, Poverty, and Economic Development,” 2005, 25, http://www.who.int/macrohealth/action/CMH _China.pdf. 41. Claude Ake, “A Definition of Political Stability,” Comparative Politics 7, no. 2 (1975): 271. 42. Wendy Dobson and Anil K Kashyap, “The Contradiction in China’s Gradualist Banking Reforms: General Discussion,” Brookings Papers on Economic Activity 2 (2006): 158 and Suzanne Berger, Albert Hirschman, and Charles Maier, In Search of Stability: Explorations in Historical Political Economy (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987), 267. 43. Alberto Alesina, “Political Instability and Economic Growth,” Journal of Economic Growth 1, no. 2 (1996): 205. Some research show that there is no evi- dence of correlation between political instability and economic growth. See N. Campos and J. Nugent, “Who is Afraid of Political Instability?” Journal of Development Economics 67 (2002): 172. Also see Samuel Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies (New Haven, CT; London: Yale University Press, 1968), 8. 44. The State Council, Hu Jing Tao Zai Qing Zhu Zhong Guo Gong Chang Dang Cheng Li 90 Zhou Nian Da Hui Shang de Jiang Hua [Hu’s Speech at 90th Anniversary of the Foundation of the Communist Party of China], Beijing, 2011, http://www.gov.cn/ldhd/2011–07/01/content_1897720.htm. 45. Xinhua, Zhong Guo Zheng Zhi She Hui Wen Ding Ju You Jian Shi de Ji Chu [A Solid foundation for China’s Political Stability], Beijing, 2011, http://news .xinhuanet.com/politics/2011–03/16/c_121195656.htm. 46. David Dollar, “Poverty, Inequality and Social Disparities During China’s Economic Reform,” Policy Research Working Paper 4253, World Bank, 2007, 2. 47. China Daily, Country’s Wealth Divide Past Warning Level, http://www.china- daily.com.cn/china/2010–05/12/content_9837073.htm. The Gini coefficient 160 NOTES provides a measure of the degree of income inequity in a scale from 0 to 1.0 that represents perfect equity. See Australian Bureau of Statistics, Household Economic Wellbeing, September 2010, http://www.abs.gov.au/ausstats/abs@ .nsf/2f762f95845417aeca25706c00834efa/27ced12db6ca9111ca25779e001c4 843!OpenDocument. 48. Thomas Lum, “Social Unrest in China,” Congressional Research Service, The Library of Congress, 2006, 15. 49. Stephan Haggard and Sylvia Maxfield, “Political Explanations of Financial Policy in Developing Counties,” in Stephan Haggard, Chung H. Lee, and Sylvia Maxfield (eds.), The Politics of Finance in Developing Countries (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1993), 323. 50. “Yin Jian Hui Dang Wei” [The Communist Party of China Committee on the CBRC], 2009, http://www.gov.cn/gzdt/2009–09/30/content_1430875 .htm. 51. Ian Bremmer, The End of the Free Market (New York: Penguin Group, 2010), 5. 52. Richard Dale and Simon Wolfe, “The UK Financial Services Authority: Unified Regulation in the New Market Environment,” Journal of Banking Regulation 4, no. 3 (2003): 201. 53. George Clarke et al., “Foreign Bank Entry: Experience, Implications for Developing Economies, and Agenda for Further Research,” The World Bank Research Observer 18, no. 1 (2003): 26. This view is contentious, see Bang Nam Jeon, Maria Pia Olivero, and Ji Wu, “Do Foreign Banks Increase Competition? Evidence from Emerging Asian and Latin American Banking Markets,” Journal of Banking & Finance 35 (2011): 858. 54. Chung-Hua Shen, Chin-Hwa Lu, and Meng-Wen Wu, “Impact of Foreign Bank Entry on the Performance of Chinese Banks,” China & World Economy 17, no. 3 (2009): 120. 55. The American Chamber of Commerce People’s Republic of China, “American Business in China,” 2011, 174. 56. Katharina Pistor, “Banking Reform in the Chinese Mirror,” Columbia Law and Economics Working Paper No. 354, Columbia University School of Law, 2009, 19–20. 57. Xinhua. Yin Jian Hui: Wai Zi Yin Hang Yun Xing He Jian Guan Mian Ling Tiao Zhan [The CBRC: The Operation and Supervision of Foreign Banks Are Challenged], Beijing, 2010, http://news.xinhuanet.com/finance/2010 –04/15/c_1236071.htm. 58. CBRC, Annual Report 2006, Beijing, 2007, 6, 42. 59. CBRC, Annual Report 2007, 11.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hong Kong SAR
    China Data Supplement November 2006 J People’s Republic of China J Hong Kong SAR J Macau SAR J Taiwan ISSN 0943-7533 China aktuell Data Supplement – PRC, Hong Kong SAR, Macau SAR, Taiwan 1 Contents The Main National Leadership of the PRC 2 LIU Jen-Kai The Main Provincial Leadership of the PRC 30 LIU Jen-Kai Data on Changes in PRC Main Leadership 37 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Agreements with Foreign Countries 47 LIU Jen-Kai PRC Laws and Regulations 50 LIU Jen-Kai Hong Kong SAR 54 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Macau SAR 61 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai Taiwan 65 Political, Social and Economic Data LIU Jen-Kai ISSN 0943-7533 All information given here is derived from generally accessible sources. Publisher/Distributor: GIGA Institute of Asian Affairs Rothenbaumchaussee 32 20148 Hamburg Germany Phone: +49 (0 40) 42 88 74-0 Fax: +49 (040) 4107945 2 November 2006 The Main National Leadership of the PRC LIU Jen-Kai Abbreviations and Explanatory Notes CCP CC Chinese Communist Party Central Committee CCa Central Committee, alternate member CCm Central Committee, member CCSm Central Committee Secretariat, member PBa Politburo, alternate member PBm Politburo, member Cdr. Commander Chp. Chairperson CPPCC Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference CYL Communist Youth League Dep. P.C. Deputy Political Commissar Dir. Director exec. executive f female Gen.Man. General Manager Gen.Sec. General Secretary Hon.Chp. Honorary Chairperson H.V.-Chp. Honorary Vice-Chairperson MPC Municipal People’s Congress NPC National People’s Congress PCC Political Consultative Conference PLA People’s Liberation Army Pol.Com.
    [Show full text]
  • China's Domestic Politics and Foreign Policy After the 19Th Party Congress
    China's Domestic Politics and Foreign Policy after the 19th Party Congress Paper presented to Japanese Views on China and Taiwan: Implications for U.S.-Japan Alliance March 1, 2018 Center for Strategic & International Studies Washington, D.C. Akio Takahara Professor of Contemporary Chinese Politics The Graduate School of Law and Politics, The University of Tokyo Abstract At the 19th Party Congress Xi Jinping proclaimed the advent of a new era. With the new line-up of the politburo and a new orthodox ideology enshrined under his name, he has successfully strengthened further his power and authority and virtually put an end to collective leadership. However, the essence of his new “thought” seems only to be an emphasis of party leadership and his authority, which is unlikely to deliver and meet the desires of the people and solve the contradiction in society that Xi himself acknowledged. Under Xi’s “one-man rule”, China’s external policy could become “soft” and “hard” at the same time. This is because he does not have to worry about internal criticisms for being weak-kneed and also because his assertive personality will hold sway. Introduction October 2017 marked the beginning of the second term of Xi Jinping's party leadership, following the 19th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the First Plenary Session of the 19th Central Committee of the CCP. Although the formal election of the state organ members must wait until the National People's Congress to be held in March 2018, the appointees of major posts would already have been decided internally by the CCP.
    [Show full text]
  • Enforcement of ICSID Awards in the People's Republic of China Julian G
    Maurice A. Deane School of Law at Hofstra University Scholarly Commons at Hofstra Law Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship 2013 Enforcement of ICSID Awards in the People's Republic of China Julian G. Ku Maurice A. Deane School of Law at Hofstra University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu/faculty_scholarship Part of the Dispute Resolution and Arbitration Commons Recommended Citation Julian G. Ku, Enforcement of ICSID Awards in the People's Republic of China, 6 Contemp. Asia Arb. J. 31 (2013) Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu/faculty_scholarship/293 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons at Hofstra Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hofstra Law Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons at Hofstra Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE ENFORCEMENT OF ICSID AWARDS IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA Julian Ku* ABSTRACT The People ' Republic of China is one of the most enthusiastic signatories of bilateral investment treaties that grant mandatory jurisdiction to the ICSID investment arbitrationsystem. This essay considers the PRC's domestic laws affecting the fulfillment of its ICSID Convention obligations to recognize and enforce ICSID awards. It notes that the PRC has failed to enact any specific legislation to comply with the ICSID Convention recognition and enforcement obligations, making its compliance with these obligations uncertain. It concludes that the only way that the PRC could claim to have fulfilled its treaty obligations is to declare that the ICSID Convention and related agreements have direct effect in its domestic law.
    [Show full text]
  • Recent Articles from the China Journal of System Engineering Prepared
    Recent Articles from the China Journal of System Engineering Prepared by the University of Washington Quantum System Engineering (QSE) Group.1 Bibliography [1] Mu A-Hua, Zhou Shao-Lei, and Yu Xiao-Li. Research on fast self-adaptive genetic algorithm and its simulation. Journal of System Simulation, 16(1):122 – 5, 2004. [2] Guan Ai-Jie, Yu Da-Tai, Wang Yun-Ji, An Yue-Sheng, and Lan Rong-Qin. Simulation of recon-sat reconing process and evaluation of reconing effect. Journal of System Simulation, 16(10):2261 – 3, 2004. [3] Hao Ai-Min, Pang Guo-Feng, and Ji Yu-Chun. Study and implementation for fidelity of air roaming system above the virtual mount qomolangma. Journal of System Simulation, 12(4):356 – 9, 2000. [4] Sui Ai-Na, Wu Wei, and Zhao Qin-Ping. The analysis of the theory and technology on virtual assembly and virtual prototype. Journal of System Simulation, 12(4):386 – 8, 2000. [5] Xu An, Fan Xiu-Min, Hong Xin, Cheng Jian, and Huang Wei-Dong. Research and development on interactive simulation system for astronauts walking in the outer space. Journal of System Simulation, 16(9):1953 – 6, Sept. 2004. [6] Zhang An and Zhang Yao-Zhong. Study on effectiveness top analysis of group air-to-ground aviation weapon system. Journal of System Simulation, 14(9):1225 – 8, Sept. 2002. [7] Zhang An, He Sheng-Qiang, and Lv Ming-Qiang. Modeling simulation of group air-to-ground attack-defense confrontation system. Journal of System Simulation, 16(6):1245 – 8, 2004. [8] Wu An-Bo, Wang Jian-Hua, Geng Ying-San, and Wang Xiao-Feng.
    [Show full text]
  • The Paradigm of Hakka Women in History
    DOI: 10.4312/as.2021.9.1.31-64 31 The Paradigm of Hakka Women in History Sabrina ARDIZZONI* Abstract Hakka studies rely strongly on history and historiography. However, despite the fact that in rural Hakka communities women play a central role, in the main historical sources women are almost absent. They do not appear in genealogy books, if not for their being mothers or wives, although they do appear in some legends, as founders of villages or heroines who distinguished themselves in defending the villages in the absence of men. They appear in modern Hakka historiography—Hakka historiography is a very recent discipline, beginning at the end of the 19th century—for their moral value, not only for adhering to Confucian traditional values, but also for their endorsement of specifically Hakka cultural values. In this paper we will analyse the cultural paradigm that allows women to become part of Hakka history. We will show how ethical values are reflected in Hakka historiography through the reading of the earliest Hakka historians as they depict- ed Hakka women. Grounded on these sources, we will see how the narration of women in Hakka history has developed until the present day. In doing so, it is necessary to deal with some relevant historical features in the construc- tion of Hakka group awareness, namely migration, education, and women narratives, as a pivotal foundation of Hakka collective social and individual consciousness. Keywords: Hakka studies, Hakka woman, women practices, West Fujian Paradigma žensk Hakka v zgodovini Izvleček Študije skupnosti Hakka se močno opirajo na zgodovino in zgodovinopisje.
    [Show full text]
  • 15. HIBISCUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 693. 1753, Nom. Cons
    Flora of China 12: 286–294. 2007. 15. HIBISCUS Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 693. 1753, nom. cons. 木槿属 mu jin shu Bombycidendron Zollinger & Moritzi; Fioria Mattei; Furcaria (Candolle) Kosteletzky (1836), not Desvaux (1827); Hibiscus sect. Furcaria Candolle; H. sect. Sabdariffa Candolle; Ketmia Miller; Sabdariffa (Candolle) Kosteletzky; Solandra Murray (1785), not Linnaeus (1759), nor Swartz (1787), nom. cons.; Talipariti Fryxell. Shrubs, subshrubs, trees, or herbs. Leaf blade palmately lobed or entire, basal veins 3 or more. Flowers axillary, usually solitary, sometimes subterminal and ± congested into a terminal raceme, 5-merous, bisexual. Epicalyx lobes 5 to many, free or connate at base, rarely very short (H. schizopetalus) or absent (H. lobatus). Calyx campanulate, rarely shallowly cup-shaped or tubular, 5-lobed or 5-dentate, persistent. Corolla usually large and showy, variously colored, often with dark center; petals adnate at base to staminal tube. Filament tube well developed, apex truncate or 5-dentate; anthers throughout or only on upper half of tube. Ovary 5-loculed or, as a result of false partitions, 10-loculed; ovules 3 to many per locule; style branches 5; stigmas capitate. Fruit a capsule, cylindrical to globose, valves 5, dehiscence loculicidal and sometimes partially septicidal or indehiscent (H. vitifolius Linnaeus). Seeds reniform, hairy or glandular verrucose. About 200 species: tropical and subtropical regions; 25 species (12 endemic, four introduced) in China. According to recent molecular studies (Pfeil et al., Syst. Bot. 27: 333–350. 2002), Hibiscus is paraphyletic, and as more taxa are sampled and a more robust phylogeny is constructed, the genus undoubtedly will be recast. Species of other genera of Hibisceae found in China, such as Abelmoschus, Malvaviscus, and Urena, fall within a monophyletic Hibiscus clade.
    [Show full text]
  • Information to Users
    INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript Pas been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissenation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from anytype of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely. event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material bad to beremoved, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with smalloverlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back ofthe book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell &Howell Information Company 300North Zeeb Road. Ann Arbor. MI48106-1346 USA 313!761-47oo 800:521·0600 THE LIN BIAO INCIDENT: A STUDY OF EXTRA-INSTITUTIONAL FACTORS IN THE CULTURAL REVOLUTION A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE GRADUATE DIVISION OF THE UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN HISTORY AUGUST 1995 By Qiu Jin Dissertation Committee: Stephen Uhalley, Jr., Chairperson Harry Lamley Sharon Minichiello John Stephan Roger Ames UMI Number: 9604163 OMI Microform 9604163 Copyright 1995, by OMI Company.
    [Show full text]
  • Legal Aspects of the Commodity and Financial Futures Market in China Sanzhu Zhu
    Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law Volume 3 | Issue 2 Article 4 2009 Legal Aspects of the Commodity and Financial Futures Market in China Sanzhu Zhu Follow this and additional works at: https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/bjcfcl Recommended Citation Sanzhu Zhu, Legal Aspects of the Commodity and Financial Futures Market in China, 3 Brook. J. Corp. Fin. & Com. L. (2009). Available at: https://brooklynworks.brooklaw.edu/bjcfcl/vol3/iss2/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at BrooklynWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Brooklyn Journal of Corporate, Financial & Commercial Law by an authorized editor of BrooklynWorks. LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE COMMODITY AND FINANCIAL FUTURES MARKET IN CHINA Sanzhu Zhu* I. INTRODUCTION The establishment of China’s first commodity futures exchange in Zhengzhou, Henan in October 1990 marked the emergence of a futures market in China. The Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange was created in the wake of the country’s economic reform and development, and it became the first experimental commodity futures market approved by the central government. The Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange provided a platform and facilitated a need for commodity futures trading arising alongside China’s economic reform, which had begun in 1978, and which was moving towards a market economy by the early 1990s.1 Sixteen years later, the China Financial Futures Exchange (CFFEX) was established in Shanghai.2 This was followed by the opening of gold futures trading on the Shanghai Futures Exchange on January 9, 2008.3 China gradually developed a legal and regulatory framework for its commodity and financial futures markets beginning in the early 1990s, * Senior Lecturer in Chinese commercial law, School of Law, SOAS, University of London.
    [Show full text]
  • History of China: Table of Contents
    History of China: Table of Contents ● Historical Setting ● The Ancient Dynasties ❍ Dawn of History ❍ Zhou Period ❍ Hundred Schools of Thought ● The Imperial Era ❍ First Imperial Period ❍ Era of Disunity ❍ Restoration of Empire ❍ Mongolian Interlude ❍ Chinese Regain Power ❍ Rise of the Manchus ● Emergence Of Modern China ❍ Western Powers Arrive First Modern Period ❍ Opium War, 1839-42 Era of Disunity ❍ Taiping Rebellion, 1851-64 ❍ Self-Strengthening Movement ❍ Hundred Days' Reform and Aftermath ❍ Republican Revolution of 1911 ● Republican China ❍ Nationalism and Communism ■ Opposing the Warlords ■ Consolidation under the Guomindang ■ Rise of the Communists ❍ Anti-Japanese War ❍ Return to Civil War ● People's Republic Of China ❍ Transition to Socialism, 1953-57 ❍ Great Leap Forward, 1958-60 ❍ Readjustment and Recovery, 1961-65 ❍ Cultural Revolution Decade, 1966-76 ■ Militant Phase, 1966-68 ■ Ninth National Party Congress to the Demise of Lin Biao, 1969-71 ■ End of the Era of Mao Zedong, 1972-76 ❍ Post-Mao Period, 1976-78 ❍ China and the Four Modernizations, 1979-82 ❍ Reforms, 1980-88 ● References for History of China [ History of China ] [ Timeline ] Historical Setting The History Of China, as documented in ancient writings, dates back some 3,300 years. Modern archaeological studies provide evidence of still more ancient origins in a culture that flourished between 2500 and 2000 B.C. in what is now central China and the lower Huang He ( orYellow River) Valley of north China. Centuries of migration, amalgamation, and development brought about a distinctive system of writing, philosophy, art, and political organization that came to be recognizable as Chinese civilization. What makes the civilization unique in world history is its continuity through over 4,000 years to the present century.
    [Show full text]
  • Bull8-Cover Copy
    220 COLD WAR INTERNATIONAL HISTORY PROJECT BULLETIN More New Evidence On THE COLD WAR IN ASIA Editor’s Note: “New Evidence on History Department (particularly Prof. Zhang Shuguang (University of Mary- the Cold War in Asia” was not only the Priscilla Roberts and Prof. Thomas land/College Park) played a vital liai- theme of the previous issue of the Cold Stanley) during a visit by CWIHP’s di- son role between CWIHP and the Chi- War International History Project Bul- rector to Hong Kong and to Beijing, nese scholars. The grueling regime of letin (Issue 6-7, Winter 1995/1996, 294 where the Institute of American Studies panel discussions and debates (see pro- pages), but of a major international (IAS) of the Chinese Academy of Social gram below) was eased by an evening conference organized by CWIHP and Sciences (CASS) agreed to help coor- boat trip to the island of Lantau for a hosted by the History Department of dinate the participation of Chinese seafood dinner; and a reception hosted Hong Kong University (HKU) on 9-12 scholars (also joining the CWIHP del- by HKU at which CWIHP donated to January 1996. Both the Bulletin and egation were Prof. David Wolff, then of the University a complete set of the the conference presented and analyzed Princeton University, and Dr. Odd Arne roughly 1500 pages of documents on the newly available archival materials and Westad, Director of Research, Norwe- Korean War it had obtained (with the other primary sources from Russia, gian Nobel Institute). Materials for the help of the Center for Korean Research China, Eastern Europe and other loca- Bulletin and papers for the conference at Columbia University) from the Rus- tions in the former communist bloc on were concurrently sought and gathered sian Presidential Archives.
    [Show full text]
  • Jinfan Zhang the Tradition and Modern Transition of Chinese Law the Tradition and Modern Transition of Chinese Law
    Jinfan Zhang The Tradition and Modern Transition of Chinese Law The Tradition and Modern Transition of Chinese Law Jinfan Zhang The Tradition and Modern Transition of Chinese Law Chief translator Zhang Lixin Other translators Yan Chen Li Xing Zhang Ye Xu Hongfen Jinfan Zhang China University of Political Science and Law Beijing , People’s Republic of China Sponsored by Chinese Fund for the Humanities and Social Sciences (本书获中华社会科学基金中华外译项目资助) ISBN 978-3-642-23265-7 ISBN 978-3-642-23266-4 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-23266-4 Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London Library of Congress Control Number: 2014931393 © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2014 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifi cally the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfi lms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifi cally for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer. Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center.
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 36Th Chinese Control Conference (CCC 2017)
    2017 36th Chinese Control Conference (CCC 2017) Dalian, China 26-28 July 2017 Pages 1-776 IEEE Catalog Number: CFP1740A-POD ISBN: 978-1-5386-2918-5 1/15 Copyright © 2017, Technical Committee on Control Theory, Chinese Association of Automation All Rights Reserved *** This is a print representation of what appears in the IEEE Digital Library. Some format issues inherent in the e-media version may also appear in this print version. IEEE Catalog Number: CFP1740A-POD ISBN (Print-On-Demand): 978-1-5386-2918-5 ISBN (Online): 978-9-8815-6393-4 ISSN: 1934-1768 Additional Copies of This Publication Are Available From: Curran Associates, Inc 57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571 USA Phone: (845) 758-0400 Fax: (845) 758-2633 E-mail: [email protected] Web: www.proceedings.com Proceedings of the 36th Chinese Control Conference, July 26-28, 2017, Dalian, China Contents Systems Theory and Control Theory Robust H∞filter design for continuous-time nonhomogeneous markov jump systems . BIAN Cunkang, HUA Mingang, ZHENG Dandan 28 Continuity of the Polytope Generated by a Set of Matrices . MENG Lingxin, LIN Cong, CAI Xiushan 34 The Unmanned Surface Vehicle Course Tracking Control with Input Saturation . BAI Yiming, ZHAO Yongsheng, FAN Yunsheng 40 Necessary and Sufficient D-stability Condition of Fractional-order Linear Systems . SHAO Ke-yong, ZHOU Lipeng, QIAN Kun, YU Yeqiang, CHEN Feng, ZHENG Shuang 44 A NNDP-TBD Algorithm for Passive Coherent Location . ZHANG Peinan, ZHENG Jian, PAN Jinxing, FENG Songtao, GUO Yunfei 49 A Superimposed Intensity Multi-sensor GM-PHD Filter for Passive Multi-target Tracking .
    [Show full text]