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Home , Ethanol fuel by country

European renewable — key figures 2016

Installed capacity and total production In 2016, ePURE members produced – ePURE members 5.2 billion of ethanol, 78% of which was for fuel use, with an average Installed production capacity Total production of 66% GHG savings compared to petrol 7 6.3 billion litres and co-producing 5.5 million tonnes of 6 5.2 billion litres 5 co-products, of which 4 million tonnes

4 was high-protein, GMO free animal feed.

3 99.9% of the crops used were grown by

2 European farmers.

1 Certified average greenhouse gas emission savings of 0 renewable European ethanol compared to fossil fuel 2016

In 2016, ePURE members produced 5.2 billion litres of renewable Weighted average certified emission savings in % ethanol, operating at 82% of their installed capacities. 70% Source: Aggregated and audited data of ePURE members (pure alcohol) 66% 64% 65% Renewable ethanol production by end-use 59% 60% 57% 78% 55% 55% Fuel 52% 4.07 billion litres 51% 50%

Industrial 50% 0.57 billion litres

11% Food and beverages 45% 0.56 billion litres 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 11% Since 2011 the average certified greenhouse gas emission savings of renewable ethanol against fossil fuel have increased continuously, reaching 66% in 2016. In 2016, ePURE members produced 5.2 billion litres of ethanol, Source: Aggregated and audited data of ePURE members, compared to a fossil fuel comparator of 83.8 gCO2eq/MJ 78% of which was for fuel use. Other markets, such as beverages and industrial applications each represented 11% of the production use. Weighted average certified emissions from the production and use of fuel Source: Aggregated and audited data of ePURE members (pure alcohol) ethanol compared to fossil fuel (gCO2eq/MJ) 100 Proposed Fossil Fuel comparator RED post-2020 (94.1 gCO2eq/MJ) 90 Main output of European renewable ethanol plants Current Fossil Fuel comparator (83.8 gCO2eq/MJ) 80

Ethanol Animal feed 70 4.13 million tonnes 4.05 million tonnes Weighted average of the GHG emissions 60 from the production and use of fuel ethanol 50 40.1g 41.3g 42.2g 37.5g 36.4g 34.4g 40 30.1g 28.3g 30

20

10 Other non-animal feed 0.57 million tonnes 0 CO2 Vinasse 0.40 million tonnes 0.51 million tonnes 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

Animal feed makes up the largest share of renewable ethanol Weighted average of the GHG emissions from the production and use of fuel ethanol co-products produced by ePURE members. Of the 5.5 million tonnes have reached 28.3 gCO2eq/MJ in 2016, equivalent to 66% average certified GHG emission of co-products produced in 2016, 4 million tonnes were animal feed. savings against the current fossil fuel comparator, and 70% GHG emission savings Source: Aggregated and audited data of ePURE members (ethanol - pure alcohol; animal feed against the proposed fossil fuel comparator for the RED post-2020. co-products - dry matter equivalent; other co-products - commercial equivalent) Source: Aggregated and audited data of ePURE members

Feedstock used to produce renewable ethanol Share of European renewable ethanol produced from each feedstock type

74% Cereals 9.85 million tonnes

Sugars 1.93 million tonnes 32% 31% ( equivalent) 24% 15% Ligno-cellulosic, 8% 5% Other RED Annex IX-A Wheat ethanol -based Other cereals Ethanol from feedstock, Others 1.66 billion litres 1.61 billion litres ethanol and starch-rich ligno-cellulosic/ 11% 1.46 million tonnes 1.24 billion litres crops ethanol Other RED 0.44 billion Annex IX-A/ litres Other Nearly all (99.9%) feedstock used to produce renewable ethanol In 2016, 32% of the ethanol produced was from wheat, feedstock by ePURE members was grown in Europe. followed by corn (31%) and sugar (24%). 0.24 billion litres Source: Aggregated and audited data of ePURE members Source: Aggregated and audited data of ePURE members (pure alcohol) European ethanol installed production capacity 42 (Million litres)

245

Sweden 18 35 985 560 TOTAL 13 858 Ireland 9,171 UK 1,163 237 572 Czech Rep. 162 Belgium 240 617 137 2,375 Romania

France 280 99 *Includes non-ePURE members. ePURE members 533 account for 6.3 billion litres of total European production capacity. Source: F.O.Licht, ePURE estimates

Imports of ethanol into the EU EU fuel ethanol consumption

Duty paid Duty free Inward processing

2,000 5.52 5.45 129 5.41 1,800 129 5.36 5.34 5.25 1,600 5.19 269 182

1,400 Billion litres Million litres 112 67 1,200 73 1,000 192 348

800 63 1,391 1,405 552 79 100 600 917 4.36 400 826 525 370 442 200 419 148 0 94 52 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

EU ethanol imports in 2016 remained roughly at the same level as in 2015. However, countries with duty free access to the EU market further 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 increased their overall share from 62% in 2015 to 74% in 2016 Source: F.O.Licht Source: Eurostat, USITC, SECEX, ePURE estimates

Main countries of origin of ethanol imports into the EU

2005 2016 Jan-Jun 2017

120 In 2016 most of EU imports 105 originating in the US, Russia 101 100 and , which still have to 89 pay EU import duties, were Million litres 80 imported under Inward Processing arrangements. 68 66 60 Source: Eurostat 60 50 48 49

40 39 36 38 34 31 33 30 28 27 27 20 21 19 20 18 11 12 13 8 8 5 6 0 Guatemala Peru PakistanUnited Russia Bolivia BrazilMoldova Sudan States