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Kukurūzų Grūdų Trupinimo Tyrimas

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Kukurūzų Grūdų Trupinimo Tyrimas ALEKSANDRO STULGINSKIO UNIVERSITETAS ŽEMĖS ŪKIO INŽINERIJOS FAKULTETAS Žemės ūkio inžinerijos ir saugos institutas Andrius Milašius KUKURŪZŲ GRŪDŲ TRUPINIMO TYRIMAS Magistro studijų baigiamasis darbas Studijų sritis: Technologijos mokslai Studijų kryptis: Gamtos išteklių technologijos Studijų programa: Biomasės inžinerija Akademija, 2014 Magistratūros baigiamųjų darbų vertinimo komisija: Patvirtinta Rektoriaus 2014 m. balandžio 6 d. įsakymu Nr. 144 – PA Pirmininkas: Europos žemės ūkio inžinierių draugijos narys, prof. habil. dr. Bronius KAVOLĖLIS; Nariai: 1. Žemės ūkio inžinerijos fakulteto prodekanas, Energetikos ir biotechnologijos inžinerijos ir saugos instituto doc. dr. Egidijus ZVICEVIČIUS. 2. Jėgos ir transporto mašinų inžinerijos instituto doc. dr. Algirdas JANULEVIČIUS 3. Žemės ūkio inžinerijos ir saugos instituto doc dr. Atanas SAKALAUSKAS. 4. UAB „Vižerna“ direktorius, inž. Žydrūnas GRENCEVIČIUS. Mokslinis vadovas doc. dr. Sigitas Petkevičius, Aleksandro Stulginskio universitetas Recenzentas doc. dr. Anicetas Strakšas, Aleksandro Stulginskio universitetas Instituto direktorius prof. dr. Dainius Steponavičius, Aleksandro Stulginskio universitetas Oponentas doc. dr.Prof habil.. dr. Algirdas Jonas Raila, Aleksandro Stulginskio universitetas 2 ALEKSANDRO STULGINSKIO UNIVERSITETAS ŽEMĖS ŪKIO INŽINERIJOS FAKULTETAS ŽEMĖS ŪKIO INŽINERIJOS IR SAUGOS INSTITUTAS Magistratūros studijų baigiamasis darbas Kukurūzų grūdų trupinimo tyrimas Autorius: Andrius Milašius Vadovas: Sigitas Petkevičius Kalba – lietuvių Darbo apimtis – 49 p. Lentelių skaičius – 11 Paveikslų skaičius – 32 Naudota informacijos šaltinių – 26 Priedų skaičius – 2 Santrauka Tirtas kukurūzų frakcijų kiekio pasiskirstymo priklausomybė nuo atstumų dydžio tarp trupintuvo valcų. Tyrimai atlikti 2013-2014 metais Aleksandro Stulginskio universitete. Tyrimo objektas – diskinių valcų trupintuvas-traiškytuvas, kurio našumas iki 15 t.h-1. Valcai – apvalūs, -1 dantyti, sukimosi dažnis ns = 4000 min . Trupintuvą-traiškytuvą sudaro keturi valcai, dvi poros – pakopos. Trupintuvo diskiniams valcams sukti, reikalinga aktyvioji galia, matuota elektros energijos tinklo analizavimo prietaisu ME-MI2492 („Metrel“). Frakcijų atskyrimui buvo naudojami penki sietai: 3,5 mm; 3 mm; 2,4 mm; 2 mm; 1 mm. Iš viso gautos šešios frakcijos. Valcų atstumas kito nuo 4,5 iki 6 mm pirmos pakopos ir nuo 1,5 iki 3 mm antrosios pakopos. Tyrimais nustatytas žymus, frakcijų didesnių nei 3,5 mm, kiekio didėjimas. Grūdų drėgniui sumažėjus pastebėtas galios poreikio padidėjimas esant minimaliems atstumams tarp valcų. Apdorojus duomenis nustatytas esminis skirtumas tarp frakcijų didesnių nei 3,5 mm kiekio procentinės dalies, esant santykiniam grūdų drėgniui ωg1=37,77±0,5% ir frakcijų kiekio kai drėgnis ωg3=33,25±0,88%. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Trupinimas, kukurūzai, frakcijos, bioetanolis, atsinaujinanti energija. 3 ALEKSANDRAS STULGINSKIS UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING INSTITUTE OF AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING AND SAFETY Master theses Corn grain crushing studies Author: Andrius Milašius Supervisor: Sigitas Petkevičius Language – Lithuanian Pages – 49 p. Tables – 11 Pictures – 32 Sources of literature – 26 Annexes – 2 Summary Studied corn fraction pattern on the cracker rolls gap wide. Investigations were carried out in 2013-2014 at Aleksandras Stulginskis University. Research object was a disc roller crusher, with a capacity of up to 15 t.h-1. Rollers - rounded, toothed, rotation speed n = 4000 min -1. Crusher consists of four rolls, two pairs in all. Crusher disc rolls turn required active power, measured electricity network analysis device ME- MI2492 ( Metrel ) sievs was used in five screens: 3.5 mm; 3 mm; 2.4 mm; 2 mm; 1 mm. A total of six groups. The results demonstrated significant groups larger than 3.5 mm, the increase in volume. Grain moisture decreased observed a increase in power consumption at the minimum roller distance. After processing the data a fundamental difference been set between the groups of larger than 3,5 mm the percentage of grain moisture ωg1 = 37.77 ± 0.5% and the volume fraction when humidity ωg3 = 33.25 ± 0.88 %. Key words: Breaking; maize; fractions; bioethanol; renewable energy. 4 TURINYS ĮVADAS ................................................................................................................................... 8 1. INFORMACIJOS ŠALTINIŲ ANALIZĖ ............................................................................ 9 1.1 Atsinaujinanti energija .................................................................................................... 9 1.2. Biodegalai .................................................................................................................... 12 1.2.1. Bioetanolis ............................................................................................................ 13 1.2.2. Bioetanolio gamyba .............................................................................................. 15 1.3. Kukurūzai (Zea mays) .................................................................................................. 18 1.4. Smulkinimas ................................................................................................................ 20 1.4.1. Smulkinamų dalelių dydis. Susmulkinimo laipsnis .............................................. 21 1.4.2. Išorinė apkrova ...................................................................................................... 22 1.4.3. Energijos poreikis ir dalelių dydis ........................................................................ 23 1.4.4. Faktoriai įtakojantys smulkinimą .......................................................................... 26 2. EKSPERIMENTINIAI TYRIMAI ..................................................................................... 27 2.1. Tyrimo tikslas ir uždaviniai ......................................................................................... 27 2.2. Tyrimo objektas ........................................................................................................... 27 2.3. Tyrimo metodika .......................................................................................................... 28 3. TYRIMO REZULTATAI ................................................................................................... 32 3.1. Grūdų drėgnis ............................................................................................................... 32 3.2. Grūdų priemaišos ......................................................................................................... 33 3.3. Grūdų geometriniai rodikliai ........................................................................................ 34 3.4. Grūdų frakcijų pasiskirstymas ..................................................................................... 39 3.4.1. Bandymai kai I pakopos valcų atstumas li pastovus o II pakopos kinta ............... 39 3.4.2. Bandymai kai II pakopos valcų atstumas li pastovus o I pakopos kinta ............... 42 3.6. Galios poreikis ............................................................................................................. 45 IŠVADOS ............................................................................................................................... 46 LITERATŪROS SĄRAŠAS .................................................................................................. 47 5 SIMBOLIŲ, SANTRUMPŲ AIŠKINAMASIS ŽODYNAS ŠMT Šlapiojo malimo technologija; SMT Sauso malimo technologija; CO2 Anglies dvideginis; TNKH Termiškai neapdoroto krakmolo hidrolizė; D m Vidutinis medžiagos dalelės skersmuo prieš smulkinimą; d m Vidutinis medžiagos dalelės skersmuo po smulkinimo; V m3 Vidutinis medžiagos dalelės tūris prieš smulkinimą; 3 Vsm m Vidutinis medžiagos dalelės tūris po smulkinimo; a m3 Tūrinis smulkinimo laipsnis; i m3 Smulkinimo laipsnis; l m Gabalinių medžiagų ilgis; b m Gabalinių medžiagų plotis; h m Gabalinių medžiagų aukštis; di1 m sieto, pro kuri prabyrėjo matuojamoji frakcija i skylučių skersmuo; di2 m sieto, ant kurio liko matuojamoji frakcija i skylučių skersmuo; di m Viso ėminio tirto sietiniu klasifikatoriumi vidutinis skersmuo; m1,...mi...mn kg medžiagos kiekvienos frakcijos kiekis; n vnt. Frakcijų skaičius; E J Smulkinimui reikalinga energija; CR,CK,CB Ritingerio, Kipčevo-Kiko, Bondo konstanta; 3 x1, x2 m Dalelių tūris prieš ir po smulkinimo; 2 x1t, x2t m Dalelės dydis atitinkamai prieš ir po smulkinimo; C Konstanta priklausomai nuo nagrinėjamo atvejo; N Koeficientas; -1 ns min Apsisukimų dažnis per minutę; ds mm Skersmuo; wg % Grūdų drėgnis; mv kg Išgarinto vandens masė; mdk kg Drėgnų kukurūzų masė; 6 w1, w2, w3 % Pirmo, antro ir trečio bandymo drėgnis; k vnt. Grūdų klasių skaičius; l mm Grūdų klasių intervalo ilgis; xmax; xmin mm Minimalus ir maksimalus grūdo matmuo imtyje; zj Laplaso funkcijos argumentas; x j mm J-osios klasės grūdų vidurkis; σ mm Standartinis nuokrypis; mg1,g2,g3 kg Paduodamos grūdų masės kiekis; lI,II mm Valcų atstumas; n>3,5...<1 % Frakcijų procentinė dalis; . -1 p1,2,3 kg s Grūdų padavimo kiekis per laiką atitinkamai 1, 2, bei 3 bandymo metu; t1,2,3 s Sutrupinimo laikas atitinkamai 1, 2, bei 3 bandymo metu; R0,05 Statistinė mažiausio patikimo skirtumo riba. 7 ĮVADAS Vis auganti žmonių populiacija reikalauja vis daugiau ir daugiau energetinių ir maisto resursų. Norint sumažinti energijos suvartojimą ieškomi nauji atsinaujinančios energijos šaltiniai bei tobulinamos senos atsinaujinančios energijos išteklių panaudojimo technologijos ir būdai. Atsinaujinančioji
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