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Les Élections Partielles Du 25 Septembre 2008 : Un Test Pour L’ODM ? Sophie Rech

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Les Élections Partielles Du 25 Septembre 2008 : Un Test Pour L’ODM ? Sophie Rech Les élections partielles du 25 septembre 2008 : un test pour l’ODM ? Sophie Rech To cite this version: Sophie Rech. Les élections partielles du 25 septembre 2008 : un test pour l’ODM ?. 2008. halshs- 01211482 HAL Id: halshs-01211482 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-01211482 Submitted on 5 Oct 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. MMAMBOAMBO !! La lettre d'information de l'Institut français de recherche en Afrique Volume VII, n° 9; 2008 Les élections partielles du 25 septembre 2008 : un test pour l’ODM ? près les élections générales du 27 décembre 2007 et les élections partielles du 11 juin 2008, les Kenyans ont de nouveau été appelés aux urnes le 25 septembre 2008 dans les circonscriptions de Bomet et Sotik, situées dans laA province de la Rift Valley. Les sièges de ces deux circonscriptions étaient restés vacants suite à la mort de l’ancien ministre des Infrastructures routières, Kipkalya Kiprono Kones, et de l’assistante du ministre des Affaires intérieures, Lorna Laboso, respectivement députés de Bomet et de Sotik. Tous deux sont décédés dans un accident avion le 10 juin 2008, la veille des élections partielles, alors qu’ils se rendaient dans la circonscription voisine d’Ainamoi pour soutenir le candidat de l’Orange Democratic Movement (ODM). Présentées par les média kenyans comme un test pour Raila Odinga et l’Orange Democratic Movement (ODM), les élections partielles de Sotik et Bomet ont fait l’objet d’une attention particulière. été élue avec 36 508 voix, devançant de plus de 25 000 Mise à l’épreuve de l’unité et de la voix le candidat de l’United Democratic Movement popularité de l’ODM dans la Rift Valley (UDM), arrivé en seconde position. Kipkalya Kiprono Les circonscriptions de Bomet et Sotik sont situées dans Kones avait quant à lui remporté les élections de Bomet une zone relativement fertile qui bénéficie de pluies avec quasiment 30 000 voix d’avance sur Nicholas Salat, abondantes tout au long de l’année. La culture vivrière et le candidat de la KANU. Les deux circonscriptions, où la l’élevage de vaches laitières constituent la principale activité question foncière est cruciale en raison du nombre économique. La partie nord des deux circonscriptions, important de squatters, avaient été fortement touchées par plus en altitude, est également propice à la culture du thé. les violences post-électorales de janvier 2008. Dès l’annonce La partie sud est plus aride et densément peuplée, des résultats des élections présidentielles, des membres de notamment dans la circonscription de Sotik où la majorité la communauté kipsigi, revendiquant un contrôle exclusif des habitants ne survit que grâce à l’aide alimentaire du sur ce qu’ils considèrent comme des « terres kalenjin », gouvernement kenyan. avaient tenté de chasser les familles kikuyus installées dans Peuplées majoritairement de Kipsigis, une ethie kalenjin, la région. Ces actes de violence s’étaient ensuite étendus les deux circonscriptions sont longtemps restées fidèles à aux communautés kisii et maasai. la Kenya African National Union (KANU), le parti de Les élections partielles du 25 septembre, occasionnées l’ancien président Arap Moi qui dirigea le pays de 1976 à par la mort des deux députés élus en décembre 2007, ont 2002. Les deux sièges parlementaires en jeu le 25 septembre fait figure de test pour l’ODM, dont l’ambition était de avaient néanmoins été largement remportés par l’ODM reconquérir les deux sièges perdus. Une victoire de l’ODM lors des élections de décembre 2007. Lorna Laboso avait permettrait en effet à Raila Odinga de disposer d’une plus Ambank House, Utalii Lane ; B.P. 58480 - 00200 Nairobi, Kenya Tel : 254 20 222 19 22 ; Fax : 254 20 224 13 59 E-mail : [email protected] ; Site web : www.ifra-nairobi.net grande marge de manœuvre indemnisés2. Les dissidents de l’ODM et du fils de l’ancien président, Gideon concernant la nomination des menés par Isaac Ruto se sont Moi. Ce dernier avait refait surface membres du cabinet aux postes - clairement opposés à cette politique avec l’ambition de donner un nouveau laissés vacants - de Kipkalya Kones d’éviction, accusant Raila Odinga souffle à la KANU et de montrer que (ministère des routes) et de Lorna d’avoir trahi ses électeurs. Ils estiment l’ancien parti unique était toujours Laboso (ministère des affaires par ailleurs avoir été lésés lors de la puissant dans la Rift Valley. Un autre intérieures). Mais ces élections ont distribution des postes ministériels enjeu décisif des élections partielles surtout été l’occasion de mesurer la attribués à l’ODM. portait donc sur le retour possible de popularité de l’ODM dans la Rift En signe de protestation, ces la KANU dans son ancien bastion. Valley, huit mois après les élections députés « rebelles » ont fait campagne Nick Salat (KANU), qui avait été élu générales de décembre 2007, alors contre leur propre camp, ce qui laissait député de la circonscription en 2002 même que Raila Odinga est de plus planer quelques doutes sur l’issue du avant de perdre son siège lors des en plus critiqué au sein de son propre scrutin bien que les deux candidates élections de 2007, semblait être plus camp. Une poignée de parlementaires de l’ODM, Beatrice Kones, la veuve populaire que Beatrice Kones et hommes politiques (ODM). Mais selon une enquête locaux « rebelles »1, dont le réalisée par l’IED (Institute for chef de file est le député Education in Democracy) au de la circonscription de moment de la campagne Chepalangu, Isaac Ruto, électorale, Nick Salat s’était prône en effet l’abandon présenté sous l’étiquette du de l’ODM et la création « mauvais parti », de nombreux d’une formation politique électeurs n’étant pas prêts à kalenjin. Deux sujets de voter pour la KANU. discorde et de mécontentement sont mis Des résultats sans en avant : la position du appel : soutien premier ministre populaire à l’ODM et concernant la Mau Forest échec du retour de la et la distribution des postes KANU ministériels lors de la formation du de l’ancien député, et Joyce Laboso, En dépit du risque non négligeable gouvernement de grande coalition. la sœur aînée de Lorna, partaient de scission de l’ODM et de retour Lors de la campagne pour les favorites. Dans la circonscription de de la KANU, l’ODM a facilement élections partielles du 25 septembre, Sotik où douze candidats étaient en remporté les élections dans les deux Raila Odinga s’était en effet prononcé lice, la compétition s’annonçait serrée circonscriptions. A Bomet, Beatrice en faveur de l’expulsion de 15 000 entre Joyce Laboso (ODM) et l’ancien Kones (ODM) a été élue avec 30 210 familles installées dans la Mau Forest, aide de camp du président Moi, voix contre 15 015 voix pour son afin de mettre un terme au Alexander Sitieney (UDM). Ce dernier principal rival, Nick Salat (KANU). surpeuplement et au déboisement avait dans un premier temps tenté de Joyce Laboso (ODM) a quant à elle intensif qui menacent la principale se présenter sous étiquette de l’ODM remporté le siège de Sotik avec forêt et réserve d’eau d’Afrique de mais il n’avait terminé que quatrième 24 267 voix et une large avance sur le l’Est. Pour calmer le mouvement de lors des élections primaires. Il a candidat de l’UDM, Alexander contestation déclenché par cette néanmoins bénéficié tout au long de Sitieney, qui n’a recueilli que 13 973 annonce, William Ruto, ministre de la campagne du soutien actif d’Isaac voix 3. Il convient néanmoins de noter l’Agriculture et député de poids dans Ruto. Nicholas Salat, le candidat de la que ce dernier a recueilli un nombre la Rift Valley, avait ajouté que les KANU en campagne pour le siège de sensiblement plus important de voix squatters légalement installés ne Bomet, a quant à lui reçu le soutien de que lors des élections primaires de seraient expulsés qu’après avoir été cinq conseillers locaux affiliés à l’ODM l’ODM (il n’avait recueilli que 2708 2 voix contre 17045 pour Joyce la Mau Forest suscite une plus forte les observateurs n’ont fait état d’aucun Laboso), ce meilleur résultat étant mobilisation à l’occasion de cette cas de fraude, Samuel Maina (UDPI) certainement lié au soutien que lui ont nouvelle consultation électorale. Le fait et Lilah Sieley (ODM-K), tous deux apporté les dissidents de l’ODM. que le scrutin ait eu lieu un jour de en lice pour le siège de Bomet, ont La campagne électorale et le scrutin semaine (jeudi) et qu’aucune mesure dénoncé les achats d’électeurs auxquels se sont déroulés dans l’ordre certains candidats auraient eu et le calme, dans les deux recours6. Les observateurs circonscriptions. Selon les de l’IED avaient signalé observateurs ayant assisté au quelques cas de corruption scrutin4, les fonctionnaires de à Bomet pendant la la commission électorale campagne, mais selon eux ce kenyane (ECK) ont phénomène est resté très accompli leur fonction avec marginal et n’a pas vraiment sérieux et discipline. En eu d’influence sur l’issue du revanche, une connaissance scrutin, compte tenu de la plutôt médiocre des large avance de Beatrice procédures de vote a pu être Kones sur Nick Salat.
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