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Chapter 5 Sinicization and Indigenization: the Emergence of the Yunnanese
Between Winds and Clouds Bin Yang Chapter 5 Sinicization and Indigenization: The Emergence of the Yunnanese Introduction As the state began sending soldiers and their families, predominantly Han Chinese, to Yunnan, 1 the Ming military presence there became part of a project of colonization. Soldiers were joined by land-hungry farmers, exiled officials, and profit-driven merchants so that, by the end of the Ming period, the Han Chinese had become the largest ethnic population in Yunnan. Dramatically changing local demography, and consequently economic and cultural patterns, this massive and diverse influx laid the foundations for the social makeup of contemporary Yunnan. The interaction of the large numbers of Han immigrants with the indigenous peoples created a 2 new hybrid society, some members of which began to identify themselves as Yunnanese (yunnanren) for the first time. Previously, there had been no such concept of unity, since the indigenous peoples differentiated themselves by ethnicity or clan and tribal affiliations. This chapter will explore the process that led to this new identity and its reciprocal impact on the concept of Chineseness. Using primary sources, I will first introduce the indigenous peoples and their social customs 3 during the Yuan and early Ming period before the massive influx of Chinese immigrants. Second, I will review the migration waves during the Ming Dynasty and examine interactions between Han Chinese and the indigenous population. The giant and far-reaching impact of Han migrations on local society, or the process of sinicization, that has drawn a lot of scholarly attention, will be further examined here; the influence of the indigenous culture on Chinese migrants—a process that has won little attention—will also be scrutinized. -
Studies on the Relationships of the Curie Surface with Heat Flow And
Wen et al. Earth, Planets and Space (2019) 71:85 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40623-019-1063-1 FULL PAPER Open Access Studies on the relationships of the Curie surface with heat fow and crustal structures in Yunnan Province, China, and its adjacent areas Limin Wen, Guofa Kang, Chunhua Bai and Guoming Gao* Abstract A Curie surface indicates the distribution of the thermal felds underground, providing a clear marker for the thermo- dynamic efect in the crust and mantle. In this paper, based on a geomagnetic feld model (NGDC-720) and aeromag- netic data, we use power spectrum analysis of magnetic anomalies to estimate the Curie surface in Yunnan Province, China, and its adjacent areas. By combining the distribution of the Curie surface with regional heat fow, the geo- thermal gradient, crustal wave velocity ratio anomalies, high-conductivity layer anomalies, and the Moho surface, we reveal the connection between the undulation of the magnetic basement and the crustal structures. The results indi- cate that the uplift and depression of the Curie surface in the research area are distinct. The Curie surface is approxi- mately inversely correlated to the surface heat fow. The Lijiang-Jianchuan-Baoshan-Tengchong and Jianchuan- Chux- iong- Kunming-Yuxi zones are two Curie surface uplift zones, and their crust-mantle heat fows are relatively high. The Curie surface uplift zone along the Lijiang-Xiaojinhe fault and Red River fault is consistent with the heading direction of the fault zone and is partially in agreement with the eastward mass fow of the Tibetan Plateau. The Curie surface uplift zone is consistent with the high wave velocity ratio and high-conductivity layer anomaly region of the crust. -
Project News: a New Green Line December 2020 — Issue #3 FAO / MWR-CN FAO ©
Project News: A New Green Line December 2020 — Issue #3 FAO / MWR-CN FAO © Mainstreaming Biodiversity Conservation Objective and GCP/CPR/057/GFF Practices into China’s Water Resources Management September 2020) GCP/CPR/052/GFF 2020 PSC meeting project delivery, learn from achievements and enhance communications with each other. The knowledge products could be helpful for “Strengthening Supervision” in the The 2020 annual meeting of the Project Steering water sector. They can also be shared at the 15th meeting Committee (PSC) was held in Beijing on September 11. Shi of the Conference of the Parties to the Convention on Qiuchi, Director-General of the International Economic and Biological Diversity, which will be held in Kunming, Yunnan Technical Cooperation and Exchange Center (INTCE), Province in 2021. chaired the meeting. Participants included Li Ge, Executive Deputy Director of the Project Steering Committee and Deputy Director-General of the Department of International Cooperation and Science and Technology under the Ministry of Water Resources (MWR), PSC members and representatives of China GEF Secretariat, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), and The Nature Conservancy (TNC). Representatives of Project Management Offices (PMOs) from MWR, Chongqing and Yunnan, as well as project experts attended CN - the meeting. Participants outside Beijing joined the meeting online. FAO/MWR © PMOs of MWR, Yunnan and Chongqing reported project The 2020 annual PSC meeting was held in Beijing on September progress at the meeting. The PSC reviewed and discussed 11, 2020 the 2020 project work plan and budget submitted by the PMO of MWR, the recommended Participatory Theory of A two-year project extension approved Change and indicator targets to be adjusted, as well as the proposal to develop Exit Strategy. -
The Tea Horse Road Guide Part 2
THE TEA HORSE ROAD GUIDE PART 2 LIJIANG TO MEILI SNOW MOUNTAIN WRITTEN BY MICHAEL FREEMAN COURTESY OF LUX* 2 LIJIANG TO MEILI SNOW MOUNTAIN INTRODUCTION 3 INTRODUCTION Between the 7th century and the middle of the 20th, one of the longest trade route, because in return for tea, which Tibetans came quickly to trade routes in the Ancient World, more than 3,000 kilometres, carried crave, the Tang dynasty wanted horses for the Imperial Army. The route tea from its homeland in the deep south of Yunnan to Tibet. It was added came under strict control, as the trading of tea for war horses became to by a route from a second source, the tea mountains of Sichuan, and the an arm of Tang foreign policy in its dealing with a neighbour that had combined network of stone roads and mountain trails became known as risen from a loose collection of tribal societies to a military power on the the Tea Horse Road, Cha Ma Dao. This was much more than a simple empire’s northwestern border. The Tea Horse Road, marked in red, began in the tea mountains of Caravan on Xishuangbanna and worked its way north through Yunnan to the Tibetan a cliff-cut trail Plateau, later joined by a second route from Sichuan Lead horse in a tea caravan 4 LIJIANG TO MEILI SNOW MOUNTAIN THE TEA HORSE ROAD the tea west to join the Yunnan route As the trade developed, it became a and continue to Lhasa. saga of epic proportions, combining These are the broad strokes, but a true odyssey of a journey, long and the Tea Horse Road was a network, difficult, with exchanges between in some stretches coalescing into one, very different cultures. -
Report on Domestic Animal Genetic Resources in China
Country Report for the Preparation of the First Report on the State of the World’s Animal Genetic Resources Report on Domestic Animal Genetic Resources in China June 2003 Beijing CONTENTS Executive Summary Biological diversity is the basis for the existence and development of human society and has aroused the increasing great attention of international society. In June 1992, more than 150 countries including China had jointly signed the "Pact of Biological Diversity". Domestic animal genetic resources are an important component of biological diversity, precious resources formed through long-term evolution, and also the closest and most direct part of relation with human beings. Therefore, in order to realize a sustainable, stable and high-efficient animal production, it is of great significance to meet even higher demand for animal and poultry product varieties and quality by human society, strengthen conservation, and effective, rational and sustainable utilization of animal and poultry genetic resources. The "Report on Domestic Animal Genetic Resources in China" (hereinafter referred to as the "Report") was compiled in accordance with the requirements of the "World Status of Animal Genetic Resource " compiled by the FAO. The Ministry of Agriculture" (MOA) has attached great importance to the compilation of the Report, organized nearly 20 experts from administrative, technical extension, research institutes and universities to participate in the compilation team. In 1999, the first meeting of the compilation staff members had been held in the National Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Service, discussed on the compilation outline and division of labor in the Report compilation, and smoothly fulfilled the tasks to each of the compilers. -
Volume 90 Number 4 2003 Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden
Volume 90 Annals Number 4 of the 2003 Missouri Botanical Garden A REVISION OF THE Yelin Huang,2 Peter W. Fritsch,3 and 2 IMBRICATE GROUP OF Suhua Shi STYRAX SERIES CYRTA (STYRACACEAE) IN ASIA1 ABSTRACT Several taxonomic treatments of Styrax (Styracaceae) exist in regional ¯oras of Asia, but the Asian species of the genus have not been comprehensively revised since 1907. To help rectify this, we conducted a taxonomic revision of the Asian species of Styrax series Cyrta with imbricate corolla aestivation. Our revision comprises 17 species with a combined distribution from Japan south to Sumatra and west to Nepal. The circumscriptions of the heretofore poorly de®ned species S. hookeri and S. serrulatus are clari®ed. Styrax agrestis var. curvirostratus is elevated to the species level, and lectotypes are selected for S. duclouxii, S. ¯oribundus, S. hemsleyanus, S. hookeri, S. hookeri var. yunnanensis, S. hypoglaucus, S. japonicus, S. limprichtii, S. macranthus, S. obassia, S. perkinsiae, S. serrulatus var. latifolius, S. shiraianus, S. supaii, and S. wilsonii. Keys, descriptions, and distribution maps are provided for all species. Key words: eastern Asia, Styracaceae, Styrax, Styrax series Cyrta. Styrax L. comprises about 130 species of trees ern Argentina and Uruguay (Fritsch, 1999, 2001). and shrubs distributed in eastern and southeastern Styrax is by far the largest and most widespread of Asia, the New World, and the Mediterranean region the 11 genera in the Styracaceae sensu Fritsch et (Fritsch, 1999). The range of this genus is typical al. (2001) and Fritsch (in press a). Characters of many plant groups distributed among the refugia unique to Styrax in relation to the family include a of Tertiary mixed-mesophytic forests in the North- stamen tube attached high (vs. -
Landscape Approaches for Mountain Community Sustainable Development in a Time of Climate Change
Lijiang and Stone Village, Yunnan, China Event Report 19-22 May 2016 Landscape approaches for mountain community sustainable development in a time of climate change Policy consultation and South-South exchange workshop Author information This report was written by Krystyna Swiderska (IIED, UK). About the event The workshop on “Landscape approaches for mountain community sustainable development in a time of climate change: Policy consultation and South-South exchange” was organised by the Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy (CCAP, China), Asociación ANDES (Peru) and IIED, on 19-22 May 2016, in Lijiang and the Stone Village, Yunnan, China. The Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy (CCAP) is a leading policy research and advocacy centre in China. Our goal is to analyse policies related to agricultural research and development, natural resource and environmental issues and integrated rural–urban development, as well as policy decision support systems in China, and to help formulate practical and feasible policies for sustainable development in rural China. Asociación ANDES (Association for Nature and Sustainable Development) in Peru is a small international indigenous- led organisation that works to support indigenous peoples’ struggles for biocultural rights and self-determination, land rights and territorial development, and community-controlled and biodiversity-based food systems. ANDES' support takes the form of independent research and analysis; engendering collective action; networking at local, regional and international levels; and fostering new forms of knowledge creation, partnerships and alliance-building. IIED is a policy and action research organisation. We promote sustainable development to improve livelihoods and protect the environments on which these livelihoods are built. We specialise in linking local priorities to global challenges. -
The Dragon's Roar: Traveling the Burma Road
DBW-17 EAST ASIA Daniel Wright is an Institute Fellow studying ICWA the people and societies of inland China. LETTERS The Dragon’s Roar — Traveling the Burma Road — Since 1925 the Institute of RUILI, China March 1999 Current World Affairs (the Crane- Rogers Foundation) has provided Mr. Peter Bird Martin long-term fellowships to enable Executive Director outstanding young professionals Institute of Current World Affairs 4 West Wheelock St. to live outside the United States Hanover, New Hampshire 03755 USA and write about international areas and issues. An exempt Dear Peter, operating foundation endowed by the late Charles R. Crane, the Somewhere in China’s far west, high in the Tibetan plateau, five of Asia’s Institute is also supported by great rivers — the Yellow, the Yangtze, the Mekong, the Salween and the contributions from like-minded Irrawaddy — emerge from beneath the earth’s surface. Flowing east, then individuals and foundations. fanning south and north, the waterways cut deep gorges before sprawling wide through lowlands and spilling into distant oceans. TRUSTEES Bryn Barnard These rivers irrigate some of Asia’s most abundant natural resources, the Carole Beaulieu most generously endowed of which are in Myanmar, formerly Burma. Mary Lynne Bird Peter Geithner “Myanmar is Asia’s last great treasure-trove,” a Yangon-based western dip- Thomas Hughes lomat told me during a recent visit to this land of contradiction that shares a 1 Stephen Maly border with southwest China’s Yunnan Province. Peter Bird Martin Judith Mayer Flush with jade, rubies, sapphires, natural gas and three-quarters of the Dorothy S. -
Printmgr File
Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing Limited, The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited and the Securities and Futures Commission of Hong Kong take no responsibility for the contents of this Web Proof Information Pack, make no representation as to its accuracy or completeness and expressly disclaim any liability whatsoever for any loss howsoever arising from or in reliance upon the whole or any part of the contents of this Web Proof Information Pack. Web Proof Information Pack of CHINA FORESTRY HOLDINGS CO., LTD. (Incorporated in the Cayman Islands with limited liability) WARNING This Web Proof Information Pack is being published as required by The Stock Exchange of Hong Kong Limited (“HKEx”) and the Securities and Futures Commission solely for the purpose of providing information to the public in Hong Kong. This Web Proof Information Pack is in draft form. The information contained in it is incomplete and is subject to change which can be material. By viewing this document, you acknowledge, accept and agree with China Forestry Holdings Co., Ltd. (the “Company”), any of its sponsors, advisers or members of the underwriting syndicate that: (a) this Web Proof Information Pack is only for the purpose of facilitating equal dissemination of information to investors in Hong Kong and not for any other purposes. No investment decision should be based on the information contained in this Web Proof Information Pack; (b) the posting of the Web Proof Information Pack or supplemental, revised or replacement pages on the website of HKEx does not give rise to any obligation of the Company, any of its sponsors, advisers or member of the underwriting syndicate to proceed with an offering in Hong Kong or any other jurisdiction. -
Pine Wilt Disease in Yunnan, China: Evidence of Non-Local Pine Sawyer Monochamus Alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) Populations Revealed by Mitochondrial DNA
Insect Science (2010) 17, 439–447, DOI 10.1111/j.1744-7917.2010.01329.x ORIGINAL ARTICLE Pine wilt disease in Yunnan, China: Evidence of non-local pine sawyer Monochamus alternatus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) populations revealed by mitochondrial DNA Da-Ying Fu1, Shao-Ji Hu1,HuiYe1, Robert A. Haack2 and Ping-Yang Zhou3 1School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, China, 2USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 1407 South Harrison Road, East Lansing, MI, 48823, USA, 3Forest Diseases and Pest Control and Quarantine Station of Dehong Prefecture, Luxi, Yunnan Province, China Abstract Monochamus alternatus (Hope) specimens were collected from nine geo- graphical populations in China, where the pinewood nematode Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (Steiner et Buhrer) was present. There were seven populations in southwestern China in Yunnan Province (Ruili, Wanding, Lianghe, Pu’er, Huaning, Stone Forest and Yongsheng), one in central China in Hubei Province (Wuhan), and one in eastern China in Zhejiang Province (Hangzhou). Twenty-two polymorphic sites were recognized and 18 haplotypes were established by analyzing a 565 bp gene fragment of mitochondrial cytochrome oxi- dase subunit II (CO II). Kimura two-parameter distances demonstrated that M. alternatus populations in Ruili, Wanding and Lianghe (in southwestern Yunnan) differed from the other four Yunnan populations but were similar to the Zhejiang population. No close re- lationship was found between the M. alternatus populations in Yunnan and Hubei. Phylo- genetic reconstruction established a neighbor-joining (NJ) tree, which divided haplotypes of southwestern Yunnan and the rest of Yunnan into different clades with considerable bootstrapping values. Analysis of molecular variance and spatial analysis of molecular variance also suggested significant genetic differentiation between M. -
Yunnan Provincial Highway Bureau
IPP740 REV World Bank-financed Yunnan Highway Assets management Project Public Disclosure Authorized Ethnic Minority Development Plan of the Yunnan Highway Assets Management Project Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Yunnan Provincial Highway Bureau July 2014 Public Disclosure Authorized EMDP of the Yunnan Highway Assets management Project Summary of the EMDP A. Introduction 1. According to the Feasibility Study Report and RF, the Project involves neither land acquisition nor house demolition, and involves temporary land occupation only. This report aims to strengthen the development of ethnic minorities in the project area, and includes mitigation and benefit enhancing measures, and funding sources. The project area involves a number of ethnic minorities, including Yi, Hani and Lisu. B. Socioeconomic profile of ethnic minorities 2. Poverty and income: The Project involves 16 cities/prefectures in Yunnan Province. In 2013, there were 6.61 million poor population in Yunnan Province, which accounting for 17.54% of total population. In 2013, the per capita net income of rural residents in Yunnan Province was 6,141 yuan. 3. Gender Heads of households are usually men, reflecting the superior status of men. Both men and women do farm work, where men usually do more physically demanding farm work, such as fertilization, cultivation, pesticide application, watering, harvesting and transport, while women usually do housework or less physically demanding farm work, such as washing clothes, cooking, taking care of old people and children, feeding livestock, and field management. In Lijiang and Dali, Bai and Naxi women also do physically demanding labor, which is related to ethnic customs. Means of production are usually purchased by men, while daily necessities usually by women. -
YMCI Ered.Pdf
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