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Theodicy, Soteriology, Hermeneutics.Pdf Thinking loud on Theodicy Soteriology Trinity &&& Hermeneutics Prof. M.M. Ninan 1 THEODICY : M. M. NINAN 2 THEODICY : M. M. NINAN I THEODICY, ANTHROPOLOGY AND DIABOLOGY (THE GOOD GOD, MAN, EVIL, DEVIL AND THE SATAN) ….1 II SOTERIOLOGY A STUDY ON GOD’S SOVEREGNITY, HUMAN FREEDOM, SIN AND SALVATION …..57 III THE CHRISTIAN UNDERSTANDING OF TRINITY …..293 IV PRINCIPLES OF HERMENEUTICS THE SCIENCE AND ART OF INTERPRETING THE SCRIPTURES ….327 3 THEODICY : M. M. NINAN 4 THEODICY : M. M. NINAN I THEODICY, ANTHROPOLOGY AND DIABOLOGY THE GOOD GOD, MAN, EVIL, DEVIL AND THE SATAN M. M. NINAN 1 THEODICY : M. M. NINAN LOGIC OF THEODICY = GOD IS GOOD AND OMNIPOTENT LOGIC OF THEODICY = GOD DOES NOT EXIST OR EVIL DO NOT EXIST A THIRD LOGIC: GOD CREATED SONS EVIL HAS A PURPOSE CREATION OF FREE WILL WE ARE NOT ALONE IMPLICATIONS OF FREE WILL THREE SPIRIT VECTOR MODEL THE RIGHTEOUS SON THE UNRIGHTEOUS SON INDEPENDENT SON CONTEXTUAL ETHICS SIN COMES FROM INSIDE US INVIOLABLE SPIRITUAL FREEDOM OF THE SONS OF GOD DEFINING THE SPIRIT OF THE WORLD THE WORD 'SATAN', DEVIL AND DEMONS IN THE BIBLE POLARIZATION OF THE WORLD THE THREE SPIRITUAL FORCES RIGHTEOUS YET MISSING THE MARK CONTROLLED BY THE SPIRIT FAR AWAY - STILL CONTROLLED BY THE SPIRIT VERY NEAR - MISSING THE MARK CREATION OF SONS OF GOD IN OTHER REALMS WHEN WERE THEY CREATED? THE FALL WHEN WAS THE FALL? FALL OF THE ANGELS GOD OF THIS AGE SATAN - THE EXERCISE MACHINE HISTORY OF THE FALLEN ANGELS IN HUMAN HISTORY DESTINY OF SATAN 2 THEODICY : M. M. NINAN 111 THEODICY The word Theodicy comes from two Greek words “theos” which means "god" and “dike” which means "justice". Theodicy is the reasonable justification of God. Instead of considering evil as a mystery, Theodicy tries to explain the reasons for its presence and seeks to explain why a good God could allow evil. The word "Theodicy" was invented by the eighteen centaury philosopher Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz. In his "Essais de Théodicée sur la bonte de Dieu, la liberté de l'homme et l'origine du mal". (1710) he defended the justice of God in spite of the existence of evil. God, the highest monad, who is omnipotent and omniscient, is able to do that which is logically best according to His logic limited by the conditions given . Leibniz’s thesis was that God, the highest monad, is almighty and hence his creations are perfect in that He is able to create that which is logically possible given the character and nature of the creation he wants. Certain factors may each be independently possible but mutually incompatible, and, because God created the world under these limitations, the created world is indeed "the best of all possible worlds." 3 THEODICY : M. M. NINAN THE LOGIC OF THEODICY Normally two options of logic are given: 1. God is Exclusively Good 4 THEODICY : M. M. NINAN 2. Inclusive Goodness 5 THEODICY : M. M. NINAN 3. A THIRD LOGIC? SHARING DIVINITY There is a third logic arising out of the creation of free will persons who share the divinity of God as Sons of God. There are two possibilities. 1. These free will consciousness are created by God and is given the freedom. This therefore creates the possibility of these beings try to elevate themselves to the status of gods. This is the solution of Eastern Christian Churches. 2. There is no God except these free beings. This forms the New Age and Modern Hinduism. The basic concept of evil in Christianity is different from most other religions where God is the author of both the good and the evil. In those systems within the ultimate reality of the person of God there is a choice of Good and Evil. If that is so, there is a standard, which decides what is right and what is wrong beyond God himself. Since there is no standard beyond God, God becomes the standard. Even when God express himself in existence and is considered as a unity of persons – a family or community of persons - it is this unity that determines what is right and wrong. So all our ethics should proceed from this concept of God, which defines within it what is good and what is wrong. Anything that is within the will of God is Good. That is Sat. It is this Sat-chit that produce Ananda. The only reality is this Brahman – this Sat Chit Ananda Murthy. This Divine essence, the God who is before all things (Nirguna Brahman) and before being expressed (being Saguna Brahman) is hidden, distant, withdrawn, secret, undifferentiated, uncreated, unborn, unmanifested, infinite, ineffable, incomprehensible, absolute, unknown. It is beyond fullness & emptiness. A Supreme Cause beyond all possible affirmation or denial. God radically precedes & transcends all possible objectifications, which are always part of His creation. Divine existence or the Creator is First Cause of the cosmos and all spirits, worlds, planes, layers, strata, fields, modalities, etc. This First Cause is Good, i.e. untainted by evil or chaos. 1 John 1:5 This is the message we have heard from him and declare to you: God is light; in him there is no darkness at all. Isa 45:21 And there is no God apart from me, a righteous God and a Savior; there is none but me. 6 THEODICY : M. M. NINAN Isa 45:5-7 I am the LORD, and there is no other; apart from me there is no God. I will strengthen you, though you have not acknowledged me, so that from the rising of the sun to the place of its setting men may know there is none besides me. I am the LORD, and there is no other. I form the light and create darkness, I bring prosperity and create disaster; I, the LORD, do all these things. Thus darkness is created by forming the light. It is not formed but comes into existence by virtue of defining the light. By defining God also we define what is evil even when it does not exist in reality – as an absence and antithesis. Thus evil is moving away from God’s standard . 7 THEODICY : M. M. NINAN OMNISCIENT, OMNIPOTENT, ALL GOOD GOD FACT EVIL EXISTS IT IS FROM GOD IT IS NOT FROM GOD EVIL EXIST APART GOD CREATED EVIL FROM GOD God created evil for a But how? purpose Why? Is there Satan was created for a another evil purpose Satan is a tool. god? Early Semitic concept of the Divine incorporates evil. Isaiah 45:5-7 This is reflected in Job thought so. But God refused to give an the treatment of explanation. Canaanites in the Good and Evil are His hands. war between Israel Evil is not opposite of good. over Canaan. Evil is the process of becoming in the plan of God. Evil is Good and must be interpreted contextually. “The absence of food is a mere negation, but considered in relation to its surroundings; as an empty stomach, it is hunger; and hunger is a positive factor in this world of ours. Sickness can be considered as a mere absence of health, but sickness is caused either by a disorder in the system or the presence of injurious influences, both of which are unquestionably positive” Carus P. : The History of the Devil, Gramercy, New York 1996 pp 454 8 THEODICY : M. M. NINAN GOD IS EVIL IS NEITHER NEITHER GOOD GOOD NOR BAD NOR BAD GOD IS EVIL IS GOOD GOOD AND AND BAD BAD “There is only one God, but we limited mortals seem to see him as a double figure, willing both good and evil. Since evil is, it must be the will of God. Yet God also wills the good against the evil. Thus it can b e said that God wills evil; God does not will good. To our limited understanding, some things appear good and others EVIL evil, but ultimately all evils are good, DOES since all that God does is good” NOT EXIST Russel J.B. : Mephistopheles. Cornell University Press – London 1986, p 36 Evil does not exist. It is only a Moral Reality 9 THEODICY : M. M. NINAN 222 ANTHROPOLOGY CREATION OF FREE WILL All things visible and invisible are created by God. This is the preamble of the Nicene Creed. The Bible starts with this statement.: “Gen 1:1 In the beginning God created the heavens and the earth.” One of the basic assumption of Christian faith is that there are other beings – consciousness – other than man. Heavens in plural indicates a large number of other dimensions other than material realm. Beings exist in all these realms sharing various dimensions. Just as man shares both spiritual and material realms, other heavenly beings (does not imply any holy status) also share multiple dimensions. There must be a given condition that disables God to eliminate the need for evil. Since (at least as we see it) it is a constraint on God, this has to be something which God in his sovereignity conferred. The condition that requires such a contradiction is nothing but the freedom He gave to His Sons – the privilege of sharing in the divinity of God - so that they can act as their own standards. Certain factors may each be independently possible but mutually incompatible, and, because God created the world under these limitations, the created world is indeed "the best of all possible worlds” There is also the purpose. Why was this possibility permitted by God. While every freedom involves a responsibility to the individual, every mistake is a means of maturing.
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