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Gamow Og Alpher Rokna Kjarnasamruna Í Big-Bang

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Gamow Og Alpher Rokna Kjarnasamruna Í Big-Bang Gamow og Alpher rokna kjarnasamruna í Big-Bang George Gamow kajakk. Eisini ein onnur roynd at fara hitin fellur, tættleikin minkar, og Bethe sum rithøvund. Bethe hevði Pól Jespersen Sovjetiski, amerikanski alisfrøðingurin úr Murmansk til Noregs miseydnast. partikkulsamansetingin broytist. Krøvini annars einki havt við hetta arbeiðið Gamow, 1904-1968, var ættaður úr Í 1933 verður Gamow boðin at taka til støddfrøðiligan kunnleika eru stór. at gera. Soleiðis bar tað til, at rit- Odessa í Ukreina. Av lyndi var hann lut á Solvay-fundi fyri alisfrøðingar Hóast Gamow er millum fremstu høvundarnir til hesa marksetandi grein Altjóða ein íspegil. Stundum var skemt hansara í Brüssel. Hann fær við tógvið stríð alisfrøðingar, er støddfrøði ikki tað, stóðu at vera Alpher, Bethe og Gamow. stjørnufrøðiár 37 reiðiliga grovt. Tað var helst ein av skipað so fyri, at konan skal sleppa hann er stinnastur í. Og rokniamboð Tað varð sjálvandi kastað Gamow orsøkunum, at hesin maðurin, sum við sum skrivari. Tá eydnast teimum eru ikki til taks sum nú á døgum. og Alpher fyri, at grundevnabýtið, Ukreinski alisfrøðingurin Gamow, saman við øðrum á reint ástøðiligum at rýma. Í 1945 fær hann ta hjálp, honum sum teir høvdu roknað, var kent sum eina tíð hevur lisið hjá sjálvum grundarlagi gjørdi eina ta ótrúligastu Eftir hetta heldur hann fyrilestrar tørvar. Hin ungi Ralph Asher Alpher, frammanundan. Hevði borið til at Friedman í Leningrad, rýmir saman forsøgn (um kosmisku baksýnisgeisl- í París og í London, og frá 1934 til 1921-2007, ætlar at vinna sær doktara- grundað onkra forsøgn á Big-Bang við konu sínari úr Sovjetsamveldinum ingina, sjálva eftirglóðina eftir Big- 1956 er hann professari á George heiti undir leiðslu Gamows. Alpher ástøðið um eitthvørt, sum eingin visti í 1933. Eftir hetta starvast hann Bang), sum seinni varð eftirvíst við Washinton University í Washington er stinnur í støddfrøði og hevur gott um, høvdu teir sjálvandi staðið sterkari. í USA. Í marksetandi grein frá 1948 eygleiðingum, ikki altíð fekk ta viður- DC. Í 1940 fær hann ríkisborgararætt eyga fyri smálutum. Gamow setir hann Upp í samstarvið ímillum Gamow vísa hann og næmingur hansara kenning, sum hann hevði uppiborið. í USA, og frá 1956 arbeiðir hann á at rokna Big-Bang kjarnasamruna, og Alpher var nú komin amerikanski Ralph Alpher, at við Big-Bang at University of Colorado í Boulder. sum sambært Gamow bara kann fara vísindamaðurin Robert Herman, 1914- ástøðinum sum grundarlagi ber fram í einum ávísum hitaglugga og 1997. Alpher og Herman skriva í 1949 til at skilja tað býtið, sum er ímillum Kjarnasamruni eftir Big-Bang einum tíðarglugga. At byrja við er eina grein, har teir koma við einari hydrogen og helium, og hví hesi Belgiski presturin Lemaître hevði í- ov heitt, at protonir og nevtronir kunnu ótrúligari forsøgn. Tá ið atomkjarnarnir bæði lættastu grundevnini eru megin- myndað sær alheimsupphavið sum koma saman. Seinni er hitin passaligur, vórðu gjørdir fáar minuttir eftir Big- parturin av øllum tilfari (grund- eitt frumatom, sum gekk sundur. og seinni aftur er hitin ov lágur. Tíðar- Bang, vóru í alheiminum hydrogen- Kanska í onkrari tilgongd, sum líktist evnum) í alheiminum treytin kemst av, at nevtronir eru kjarnar, heliumkjarnar og leysar elektron- geislavirknum tilgongdum, har ið tungir óstøðugar, sita tær ikki í einum kjarna. ir. Hitin var framvegis milliónir stig, óstøðugir kjarnar fara sundur í smærri Gera tær ikki tað, fána tær til protonir so hugsingur var ikki um, at elektronirnar kjarnar og lata frá sær orku. Lemaître og elektronir, og hetta gongur skjótt, kundu binda seg at kjarnunum. Til Tá ið granskarar við spektroskopiskum amboðum høvdu fingið skil á grund- hevði einki uppskot um, hvussu tí helvtartíðin er bara um leið 10 minuttir. tess var alt ov heitt. Umframt partiklarnar evnabýtinum í rúmdini, varð greitt, hydrogen kundi verða til helium í Big- Tað merkir, at talið á fríum nevtronum vóru eisini fotonir, t.e. elektromagnetisk at kosmiska grundevnabýtið er heilt Bang. minkar niður í helvt eftir hvørjar 10 geisling. Geislingin hevði tó ikki frítt øðrvísi enn í tilfari, sum t.d. himmal- Gamow dámdi ikki hetta hugskotið minuttir. at fara, tí fotonirnar samvirkaðu alla knøttir og vit menniskju eru gjørd um eina fissiónsbyrjan, tí hevði gongdin úr, sí talvuna. verið soleiðis, skuldi heimurin verið fullur í miðaltungum kjarnum. Var Georgiy Antonovich Gamov, 1904-1968, tað ikki natúrligari at ímynda sær eina Grundevni Lutfalslig sum var ættaður úr Odessa, var navn- byrjan bara við hydrogen, við tað at atomtøl framur atomgranskari og kjarnagransk- hetta grundevnið roknað eftir atomtali ari. Er serliga kendur fyri arbeiði sítt framvegis var um 90% av øllum tilfari? viðvíkjandi Big-Bang ástøðinum og fyri Hydrogen 10.000 Gamow granskar fusiónstilgongdirnar Helium 1.000 fólksligu skriving sína um trupul alisfrøðilig evni. í stjørnunum og skilur, at hóast stjørn- Oxygen 6 urnar fáa orku sína úr fusiónstilgongdum, Carbon 1 Tíðliga vísti hann áhuga fyri náttúru- sum gera hydrogen um til helium, Øll onnur < 1 vísindunum. Pápin hevði givið honum so er hetta ikki orsøkin, at fjórðingurin eitt lítið mikroskop, sum hann brúkti av øllum tilfari eftir nøgd er helium, Talvan skal skiljast soleiðis, at fyri dúgliga at kanna ymiskt. Einaferð, t.d. í sólini. Stundir hava rætt og slætt hvørji 10.000 hydrogenatom eru um Gamow hevði verið til altars, goymdi ikki verið til at gera alt tað helium, leið 1.000 heliumatom, 6 oxygenatom, hann altarbreyðið og altarvínið í kjálk- sum sólin hevur í sær. Meginparturin 1 carbonatom og av øllum øðrum grund- anum, meðan hann rann heim at kanna av tí helium, sum er í sólini, hevur evnum minni enn 1 atom! Verður roknað hetta tilfarið í mikroskopinum, um longu verið til taks, tá ið sólin varð eftir nøgd, verður tað til, at um leið tað kundi verða umbroytt til likam til! Kanska stavaði heliuminnihaldið tríggir fjórðingar eru hydrogen, um og blóð Krists. Hann sá ongan mun í alheiminum frá fusiónstilgongdum ein fjórðingur er helium og eitt sløð á hesum tilfarinum og vanligum breyði í sjálvari Big Bang hendingini? av øðrum evnum. Stóri spurningurin og víni. Gamow segði seinni, at hann Fyrst í 1940-árunum fer Gamow var nú, hvussu tað kundi bera til, at helt, at tað var henda royndin, sum av álvara undir ætlan sína at fáa greiði grundevnabýtið var so serstakt. Hví gjørdi seg til vísindamann. á tí, sum hendi eftir Big-Bang. Hann Myndin vísir Robert Herman vinstrumegin og Ralph Alpher høgrumegin. Herman var komin upp í samstarvið millum Gamow og Alpher. Í miðjuni er nógv mest til, 99,9 % roknað eftir Eina aðra ferð skapti hann øsing stendur heldur einsamallur við sínari ein (Cointreau) fløska við Ylem. Hetta var heitið, Gamow hevði sett á frumsuppuna atomtali, av teimum báðum lættastu við at siga, at bústaður Guds mundi verkætlan. Næstan allir teir fremstu av elektronum, protonum og nevtronum. Í ylem-tokuni mynd av skemtaranum og einfaldastu grundevnunum. Við vera 9,5 ljósár burturi. Frágreiðingin atomgranskararnir í vesturheiminum Gamow. nútíðar eftirklókskapi kunnu vit kanska skuldi vera, at tá ið kríggið millum eru farnir til Los Alamos at fáa til vega siga, at hetta boðar eyðsýnt frá einari Japan og Russland brast á í 1904, heittu eina atombumbu. Sjálvur er hann í Ukreinski lærumeistarin og dugnaligi tíðina við leysu elektronirnar. Hetta kosmiskari skapanartilgongd. kirkjurnar á fólk um at biðja fyri, at hesum sambandi settur á svartalista, næmingur hansara fáa til vega nýggjastu broytist tó, tá ið eini 380.000 ár eru Japan varð lagt í oyði. Bønir og vreiði tí hann hevur verið yvirmaður í reyða vitanina um atomheimin og stríðast farin. Tá er hitin fallin so mikið, at Grundevnagerð í stjørnunum Guds gingu sambært Gamow ætlandi herinum. Hóast hann bara hevur undir- við útrokningarnar. Trý ar seinni eru elektronirnar kunnu binda seg at kjarn- Fyrstur at rokna við kjarnatilgongdum við ljósferð, og ikki fyrr enn í 1923 víst russiskum hermonnum í alisfrøði, teir komnir á mál. Úrslitið hjá teimum unum at gera nevtral atom. Eftir tað í stjørnunum var Friedrich Georg var Kanto-jarðskjálvtin í Japan! og hóast eingin ivi er um politiska er, at tá ið kjarnasamrunin í Big-Bang hevur geislingin frítt at fara. Geislahitin Houtermans, 1903-1966. Hann og Gamow lesur fyrst í Odessa. Í 1923 samhuga hansara, verður hann mettur er av, er gjørdur ein heliumkjarni fyri er um hetta mundið um 3000 K. Nú bretin Robert Atkinson viðgera í 1929 fer hann til Leningrad at lesa hjá at vera ein trygdarvandi. um leið hvørjar 10 hydrogenkjarnar, fer geislingin sína leið í alheiminum, fusiónstilgongdir í stjørnunum. Stóri Friedmann. Har man hann hava fingið Gamow hugsar sær fyrst filmin og at 99,9% av øllum tilfari í alheim- sum alsamt víðkast, geislingin kólnar, spurningurin um hetta mundið er, um góðan kosmologiskan íblástur. Skjótt spældan aftureftir. Tá ið alheimurin inum eru tey bæði grundevnini hydrogen og myrkur legst um alheimin, sum umstøður munnu vera í stjørnunum hevur gávuríki maðurin úr Odessa víðkast, hevur hann verið tættari fyrr, og helium, júst sum kanningarnar vísa. verður gjøgnumskygdur. Henda geisl- til fusiónstilgongdir. Er tættleikin nóg vunnið sær navn sum ein av heimsins og heitari. Tættleiki og hiti hava kanska Spurningurin um tey tungu grundevnini ingin, siga Herman og Alpher, er í stórur og er hitin nóg høgur? Tað veit fremstu atomkjarnagranskarum. Men einaferð verið soleiðis, at bara teir ein- er framvegis óloystur. allar ævir dømd at vera til staðar í al- eingin enn við vissu. Seinni taka Hans honum leiðist við royndirnar hjá faldastu atompartiklarnir hava verið Greinin við úrslitunum hjá teimum heiminum. Teir rokna, at geislaleivdin A. Bethe og aðrir táttin upp, og tá ið Sovjetsamveldinum at blanda politikk til, protonir, nevtronir og elektronir. báðum Alpher og Gamow varð send nú av víðkanini eigur at hava hitan komið er til 1940, eru granskarar ikki upp í vísindini.
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