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Reservoir Quality and Diagenetic U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey Reservoir Quality and Diagenetic Evolution of Upper Mississippian Rocks in the Illinois Basin: Influence of a Regional Hydrothermal Fluid-Flow Event During Late Diagenesis U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1597 Availability of Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey Order U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) publications from the Documents. Check or money order must be payable to the offices listed below. Detailed ordering instructions, along with Superintendent of Documents. Order by mail from— prices of the last offerings, are given in the current-year issues of the catalog "New Publications of the U.S. Geological Superintendent of Documents Survey." 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Minerals information is available electronically at http ://minera!s .er.usgs .gov/minerals/ Electronically Subscription to the catalog "New Publications of the U.S. Some USGS publications, including the catalog "New Publica­ Geological Survey" tions of the U.S. Geological Survey" are also available elec­ tronically on the USGS's World Wide Web home page at Those wishing to be placed on a free subscription list for the http ://www.usgs .go v catalog "New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey" should write to— Preliminary Determination of Epicenters U.S. Geological Survey Subscriptions to the periodical "Preliminary Determination of 903 National Center Epicenters" can be obtained only from the Superintendent of Reston, VA 20192 Reservoir Quality and Diagenetic Evolution of Upper Mississippian Rocks in the Illinois Basin: Influence of a Regional Hydrothermal Fluid-Flow Event During Late Diagenesis By Janet K. Pitman, Mitchell Henry, and Beverly Seyler U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PROFESSIONAL PAPER 1597 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1998 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Thomas J. Casadevall, Acting Director For sale by U.S. Geological Survey, Information Services Box 25286, Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 Any use of trade, product, or firm names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Pitman, Janet K. Reservoir quality and diagenetic evolution of Upper Mississippian rocks in the Illinois Basin : Influence of a regional hydrothermal fluid-flow event during late diagenesis / by Janet K. Pitman. Mitchell Henry, and Beverly Seyler. p. cm.—(U.S. Geological Survey professional paper : 1597) Includes bibliographical references. Supt.ofdocs.no. : I 19.16 : 1597 1. Sandstone—Illinois Basin. 2. Pertroleum—Geology—Illinois Basin. 3. Geology, Stratigraphic—Mississippian. 4. Diagenesis—Illinois Basin. I. Henry, Mitchell E. II. Seyler. Beverly. III. Title. IV. Series QE471.15.S25P57 1999 553.2'82—dc21 98-6426 CIP CONTENTS Abstract................................................................................................................................. 1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 Geologic and Depositional History ..................................................................................... 2 Methods ............................................................................................................................... 3 Reservoir Characteristics ..................................................................................................... 6 Porosity ........................................................................................................................ 6 Permeability ................................................................................................................. 7 Porosity/Permeability Relationships and Distribution Patterns ................................... 8 Controls on Reservoir Quality ............................................................................................. 8 General Statement........................................................................................................ 8 Detrital Mineralogy ..................................................................................................... 8 Mineral Diagenesis ...................................................................................................... 10 Compaction Features............................................................................................ 10 Secondary Quartz ................................................................................................. 10 Carbonate Cements............................................................................................... 10 Authigenic Clay Minerals..................................................................................... 16 Other Phases......................................................................................................... 16 Secondary Porosity............................................................................................... 16 Evolution of Reservoir Quality ............................................................................................ 18 Quartz Cementation ..................................................................................................... 18 Carbonate Diagenesis .................................................................................................. 18 Clay Mineral Precipitation ........................................................................................... 20 Secondary Porosity Development ............................................................................... 20 Generation and Migration of Petroleum ...................................................................... 21 Thermal and Hydrologic Controls on Diagenesis ............................................................... 21 Conclusions ......................................................................................................................... 22 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................... 23 References Cited .................................................................................................................. 23 FIGURES 1. Location map of the Illinois Basin............................................................................................................................. 2 2. Generalized lithologic section of Mississippian strata in the southern Illinois Basin ............................................... 3 3. Map showing location of wells sampled for petrographic and geochemical analysis............................................... 4 4-8. Graphs of: 4. Relationship between core porosity and permeability for sandstones within the Bethel-Cypress interval........ 6 5. Core porosity versus depth for reservoir sandstones .........................................................................................
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