JANUARY. 1922 SIXPENCE Irish Gardening .

Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction for Ireland

LIST OF THE DEPARTMENT'S LEAFLETS

No. 1. The Warble Fly. No, 53. The Construction of a Cowhouse. a. The Use and Purchase of Feeding 54. Out of Print. 3. Foot Rot in Sheep. fBtuUi. 55. The Apple, 4. Out of Print. 56. Cultivation of the Root Crop. B. Celery Leaf-Spot Disease or Blight. 57. Marketing of Fruit, 6. Charlock (or Preahaugh) Spraying. 58. Sprouting Siied Potatoes, 7. Fluke in Sheep. 59. Testing of Karm Seeds, 8. Timothy Meaclowg. 60. Out of FrinL- 9. The Turnip Fly. 61. Field Experiments—Wheat, 10. Wireworni8. 62. The Management of Dairy Cowa. 11. Prevention of \\'hiic ibcour in Calvei. 03. " Redwater " or " Blood-Murrain " in 12. Liquid Manure. Cattle, 13. Contagious Abortion' iB Cattle. 04, Varieties oi Fruit Suitable for Cultiva- 14. Prevention of Potato Blight. tion in Ireland.

1 15. Milk Records. .; 65, Forestry : Thie Planting of Waste Lands. 16. Sheep Scab. 66. Forestry : The Proper Method of - 17. The Use and Purchase of Manurea. ing Forest Trees. 18. Swine Fever. 67, Out of Print 19. Early Potato Growing, 68, Out of Print. 20. Calf Rearing. 69. The Prevention of Tuberculosis in 21, Diseases of Poultry :—Gapes. Cattle. 22. Basic Slag. Forestry : Planting, Management, and 33. Dishorning Calves. Preservation of Shelter-Belt and 24. Care and Treatment of Premium Bulls. Hedgerow Timber. 25. Fowl Cholera, ,;• 71. Out of Prin^. 26. Winter Fattening of G^tle. 72, Out of Print. 27. Breeding and Feeding <)f Pigs, 73, The Planting and Management of Blackleg, Black Quarter, or Blue Hedges, Quarter. 74, Some Common Parasites of the Sheep. 29. Flax Seed. 75, Barley Sowing. SO. Poultry Parasites—Pleas, Mites, and 76, American Gooseberry Mildew. 31. Winter Egg Production. fLice. 77, Scour and Wasting in Young Cattle, 32. Rearing and Fattening of Turkeys. 78, Home Butlermaking, 33. Profitable Breeds of Poultry, 79, The Cultivation of Small Fruits, 84. Out of Print. 80, Catch-Crops, 35. The Liming of Land.' 81. Potato Culture on Small Farms. 36. Field Experiments—Barley. 82, Cultivation of Main Crop Potatoes, 37. ,, „ Itfeadow Hey, 83, Cultivation of Osiers, 38. Potatoes, 84, Ensilage,

39. ,, ,, Mangels, 85, Some Injurious Orchard Insects. 40. Gate. 86, Dirty Milk. ; 41. ,. „ Turnips. 87, Barley Threi'hing. 42, Permanent Pasture Grasses, 88, The Home Bottling of Fruit. 43. The Rearing and Management of 89, The Constnifltion of Piggeries, Chickens, , 90, The Advantaijes of Early Ploughing, 44. "Husk" or " Hoose" in Calves, 91, Black Scab in Potatoes. 45. Ringworm on Cattle.' 92, Home Preservation of Eggs, 46. Haymaking, 93, Marketing of Wild Fruits. 47. The Black Currant Mite, 94, Out of Print. 48. Foul Brood or Bee Pest, 95. Store Cattle or Butter, Bacon, and Efjcs 49. Poultry Fattening. 96. Packing Eggs for Hatching. 60. Portable Poultry Houses, 97, Weeds: i 51. The Leather-Jacket Grub, 98. Tuberculosis In Poultry. 52, Flax Growing Experiments. 99, Seaweed as Manure.

SPECIAL LEAFLETS

No, 1-11.—Ouf of Print. 1 No. 19. Home Curing of Bacon. „ 12. Digging and Storing Potatoea, ,,20. Out of Print I

,, 18-17.—Out of Print. ! ,, 21. Farmers and Income Tax.

„ 18. Treatment of Allotments for tlie Growing ,, 22. Out of Print.

of I Vegetables. I ,. 23. Palm Nut Cake and Meal, Coplei of th« »bove Leafleta can h* obtalBcd, FREE OP CBAEOB and post free, on appticatloa to the Secretary, DepartmeDt ot AgHcDltare and Technical Initrnctioii for Ireland, tippet Merdon BtrMt, Dablln. LatUn of Application lo addrtited nead not be stamped. EnTelapei tl.oold be marked "FubUcatloni," -

Miscellaneous Section.

RICHARD C. McM. SMYTH, f.r.h.s. DESIGNS & LAYS OUT L WNS & PLEASURE J. M. Veic huyzen van Zanten GROUNDS, CONSTRUCTS rilRGOLAS & WATER, ROCK, FLOWER \ND BOG GARDENS Wholesale Bulb Grower MOUNT HENRY, DALf'EY, CO. DUBLIN LISSE, Holland

Gladiolus, Begonias, and other LITTL E'S late riper.iii-- Stuff a Speciality. Fruit Tree Spi lying Fluids All sorts Bulbs in Assure the Progressive Fr uit Grower of Clean of Dutch and Flower Roots excellent at prices. Healthy Trees in Branch, T wig and Bud, followed quality, moderate by Good and Plei itiful Crops. Prices will griadly be sent on application. Pesticide.— For Blight, Black Spot, Mussel

Scale, &c. , on Apple an.l other Fruit Trees.

Antlpest. — For Red Spi .ler, &c., on Goose-

berry Trees. Used by :i 1 the leading Sweet Pea growers as a pnv jntive and cure of CHRYSANTHEMUMS Streal. General in/alogues of all the leading ix'W Of aU XuisPi'ymci}. Seedsinrn. Fiorisls, dbc, or direct varieties ready, post free, from from KEITH, LUXFORD & CO. MORRIS, LITTLE & SON, Ltd., Doncaster SHEERING NURSERIES HARLOW, ESSEX

THEY ARE THE BEST AND CHEAPEST ALL HAND MADE

Ai'lisiic Fern Pans and Bulb Bowls WELLS' CATALOGUE 5M(fi QitantUics and SUes required, and OF have " Carriihjf- Paid" quotation, or write for price List—FREE RICHARD SANKEY & SON, Ltd. CHRYSANTHEMUMS Royal Potteries, Bulwell, Nottingham NOW READY

Pos/ free on application To SEED W. WELLS & COMPANY MERCHANTS Wl ERST HANI, SURREY

TF there is one kind of advertis- >0T0 SHRfo^. ing which lends itself more than any other to artistic result- AUTO'SHREDS producing illustration it is the advertising of Seeds. f<3 Is CEUTAIN DEATH to Leaf- mining Maggots, White Fly and illustrate the The more you all Pests infesting Plants under better the results. produce We ' Tlass. In boxes to fumigate 1,000 beautiful Line, Tone, and very ouliic feet, 1/- ; 2,500 cubic feet,

Colour bloclcs for this purpose- 1 /9 ; lU.OOO cubic feet (fc r ordin- ary Plants), 4/6; 10,000 cubic feet IRISH PHOTO (fur vender foUagpd Plants), 6/- eacli- Obtained of all principal Seedsmen and Florists. Makers:— 50 Middle Abbey St. Dublin. W. Dai-lington & Sons, Ltd. BURNS ON TMt CROOND. HACKNEY, LONDON, E.8 Im^M NO APPARATUS REqaine:0 i>niiiiiHiitHniMiiiMiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiinniiiiiiiniiHii>iiiiM)iiiii''iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniHiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMii iini ' LAXTON'S Fruit Trees MANY NEW KRUITS FOR 1922

Many Thousa,\ds of Well Trained Beautifully Rooted Apples, Pears, Plums, Peaches, Nectarines, Apricots, Cherries, Figs, Vines, Nuts, Gooseberries, Currants,

:: :: Raspberries :: ::

New fully llustrated and Descriptive Cata- logue Gratis.

Pamphlet -.aith valuable Cultural delails, post free for 2d. stamp

I Laxton Brothers, Bedford

~iiiiiniiiiiiiuiiMiuiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiitiiiMiiiMiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiHiiiMiiKnniiiiiiiiniiiiihiirniiiMiiiiiiiiHiiiiiii(iiiiiiiiii[iiiiiiiiiiitMiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii'iii'itHiiirT

H. Catalogue "HARDY IN ENGLAND- J. Jones' VAN NES'S New Rhododendrons of Gold Medal Chrysanthemums. Gold Medal " Aucklanai x hybrids 2d and 3d degree." Michaelmas Daisies, Gold Medal Phlox, Flowers Gloxinia and Pink Pearl shape, viz.:— Britannia (award of merit R.H S. 4.26.2i>. Delphiniums. Montbretias. Gladioli, etc. Daphne Millais Lady GwendoUiu Brodiick SENT POST FREE FOR Id. STAMP. Geoffrey Millais Princess Juliana General Cavendish Queen Wilbelmina King George, etc. Ryecroft Nurseries, Lewisham, London, S.E.I 3 .\'mj Rhod. Alice Corona -Pink Pearl, While Pearl and the vcr\' best varietic- in hybrids. Azalea arborescens Amoena Caleuilulacea hatsugiri nudiOora hinodegiri Vaseyi hinomanyo Viscosa yodogawa

hardy Ghent?, mollis, mollis x cliinensi>, riisi. fl. pi., all in 'he very best varieties. Prices moderate for excellent stock.

Appljj for !ist Have You a Garden ? G. B. Van Nes Sc Sons, Nurseries Boskoop. Holland sow BEGONIAS t/- per%acke" For Exhibition, Greenliouse, Bedding-, Mangl- DRUMMOND'S ing- Baskets, iVo. Awarded 56 Gold Medals. Illustrated Cat.ilos;ue free. CELEBRATED SEEDS and DELPHINIUMS PLANTS Vegetable & Flower Seeds from our unsui-passed Gold Medal Collection, choioe iic'inifd varieties in strong ground roots, 20/-, 25/-, 30/-, 40 /-and 50/- per doz. Aioarded over i,ooo First Prizes since 1900 Other Specialities— Carnations, Cyclamen, Gloxinias, Polyanthus, Blue Primrose, Michael- W. Drummond &Sons, Ltd. mas Daisies, Violets. &c. 57 & 58 Dawson Street, DUBLIN BLACKMORE and LANGDON, BATHJ —

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**The Busy Bee.'* «^ Indispensable in ti^c Cardan. -»" |

WHAT IT IS. I

' ' THOMSONS I - ;s the name of the Monthly M I | CELEBRATED Journal published for private circu- | MANURES lation by Bees' Ltd, i Moderate Thoroughly Every possessor of a g-arden, allotment or = in Price small holding- ought to read it regularly, month sustaining | by month. The Snb.scription for a year is only and of | leading to 2/6 post free. Highest | vigorous, Seasonable articles on Insect Pests and Dis- | Quality and healthy, and eases appear each month. Articles on Trees | Shrubs, Analysis fruitful growth. and Froit, Potatoes, Roses, Veg^etables, | Border and Rockery, Poultry Keeping and Bee | Oiir Maiuuvs are tlie iliiect result : many yeare practical eNperieucc in all brancliesol Horticulture. and after over Jo Keeping are also included. | years on tlie market, still hold first place in the estimation is for too. = rf Horticulturists Youth catered Children delight in all over the world f i- quality and results. the Competitions which aim to Vine, Plant and Vegetable Manure—iinrivailed for all instruct as well | cro|is-l t-arden civt, 32/-: .'iG ll.s,17/-: 28 lbs., 9,6- 14 as amuse. Ills. | 5/6; 7 U.S.. 3/- ; tins, 16. Busy Housewives turn to the Household Special Top-dressing Manure, an encellent stiumlant Page I ,S0 llis 9,'6 . 17,- 3'- ; 28 U.S., ; 14 Ih-., 7 lbs., 5/6 ; for the best and most original hints on cookery I ;*~ Wiile lor our Booklet -post ;rce on rrr/acs -^ and home management. | Sold by Nurserymen and Seedsmen everywhere. Each person wishing | SOLE MAKERS '. to receive a specimen Wm. Thomson & Sons, Ltd., Clovenfords, Scotland copy (or copies) of " The Busy See," should send stamps. Write to- 3d. 181b mill ST. day—Lest you Forget.

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COLLECTIONS 4lBBj» Finest Quality and Best Value ^l^Bs COLLECTIONS of VEGETABLE SEEDS at 5 -, 7 6, 10/-, 12/6. 21 -. 31, 6, 42 - upwards. Special Exhibition Collection, containing 30 of the finest Varieties to grow for Show purposes, 10, 6. COLLECTIONS OF FLOWER SEEDS at 3 6, 5 -, 7 6. 10 6, 21 - upwards. COLLECTIONS OF EXHIBITION SWEET PEAS.

12 finest named varieties . 61-

12 ,, smaller packets al-

18 finest named varieties , io I- «?£E\i^ 24 finest named varieties 14/. <^£EB'^ -120 GOLD MEDALS IN 6 YEARS T«r ^

WEBBS GARDEN CATALOGUE FOR 1922, Post Free, M ention Irish Gardening.

WEBB & SONS, Ltd., The King's Seedsmen, STOURBRIDGE. ''^'- ^^" ROURKF, North Circular Road, DUBLIN. Renresented•^ B oybv I lyi^ E. P. McGRATH, 4 Abbey Square, North lYIatl, CORK. j

r^-i^Va BY TO HIS MAJESTY APPOINTMENT THE KING <*^S£i MACKENZIE & MONGUR LIMITED HOTHOUSE BUILDERS & HEATING ENGINEERSi ELECTRiCAI. ENGINEERS AND IRONFOUNDERS

Registered Office and Works, BALCARRES STREET, EDINBURGH Iron Foundry SLATEFORD ROAD, EDINBURGH LONDON 8 CAMDEN ROAD, N.W. GLASGOW 121 ST. VINCENT STREET HOTHOUSES, HEATING, ELEGTRIO LIGHTING, IRON FOUNDING Surveys Made Estimates and Plans Supplied

W. RICHARDSON « Co SPECIALISTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ALL KINDS HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS, ALSO HEATING ENGIN EERS

[^lans and Estimates prepared free of cost Large Catalogue of photograpliic views of Horticultural Building's DARLINGTONfree on application (LONDON OFFICE: Albert Mansions, 92 Victoria St., S.W.I — IRISH GARDENING A MONTHLY JOURNAL DEVOTED T(J THE VOLUME XVII ADVANCEMENT OF HORTICULTURE AND JANUARY No. 191 ARBORICULTURE IN IRELAND ^o.w voRK Editor -J. W. Besant.

Some Notes on the Wild Flowers of Southern California*

Uv C. H. BRETHEKTON.

No sun-baked arroyo or mountain side is wdthout 'i, HE State of California " " bayonets runs north and south for its bristling ariay of Spanish saved a fifty-foot sonjything like a thousand il'iuca). The writer was once fall the probability of broken leg thirty miles, and is traversed and a a magnificent specimen in the same direction by miles from nowhere by two mighty mountain of this arresting plant that chanced to be growing pene- ranges, the Coast Range from a crevice between two rocks. It was a experience, probably one of the few and the Sierra Nevada. trating and rare occasions wdien good word has been said These enclose a hot a for this vegetable porcupine. As elsewhere the liut (where irrigation is available) immensely most abundant and versatile members of the fertile valley w-hich runs jiractically from one Californian flora ai-e the weeds. Every end of the State to the other. Between the Coast that runs riot in an English garden has its Range and the sea is another belt of land of vary- counterpart, but tlie Californian gardener's tw;o ing width, also fertile, well timbered, except in worst foes are both imported strangers. One is tile south, and preserved by the sea breezes froni locally as Devil grass, or Bermuda grass, the intense heat of the central plain. The Sierra known This pertinacious grass will dive Nevada forms the eastern lionndary of the State or .Johnson grass. fence and come up ten feet away in the for two-thirds of its length, but in Southern under a in, nothing can stop California proper the desert runs unbroken from middle of a trim lawn. Once comes and a degree or two the San Bernardino mountains to the Great its ravages until winter completes the ruin of the Salt Lake. Every degree of drought and humidity, of frost kills it. That lawn. other enemy, also, of the lawn is a of heat and cold, can be found in some part of The sort of lotus with very dark green leaves that the State. No part of it, however, is sub-tropical— blotches on the grass. Nothing heat and humidity are^ nowhere found in con- make unsightly can eradicate it, for it will travel about a foot junction—and winter in the south is the rainy wild weeds, the most season. Dates ripen in the extreme south, but below the surface. Of the are tar weed and sage brush, which only in a particular tract that lies several hun- noticeable together provide the typical chaparal smell that dred feet below sea level, and was once the delta Californian nose would recognise twenty-five of the Colorado River. The indigenous trees of any low-growing species, Southern California are sycamores and live oaks miles away. The Jhiturti. a white flowers and large dusty- in the watered valleys and conifers in the moun- with handsome leaves, is a common weed of the coast tains. But the Eucalyptus has been largely intro- looking is divided between the wild duced and the cotton tree also. Aciiiid.'t. PJii/fu- region" But the pahu Individually incon- hifca Pauloicnia, the Umbrella Tree, and numerous turnip and wild umstard. effect is remarkable—the other foreigners may also be considered, by thio spicuous, their mass dazzling mass of " (.'oleiiian " yellow, time, to have naturalized themselves in favoured latter a turnip ranges from lilac and blue localities. Greasewood and Manzanita are the while the wild pale straw. typical shrubs of the hot mesas and the sun- to terra cotta and that are prized both beaten mountain sides; but these give way in the Coming to the flowers is hard to know where to canyons and arroyos to numerous others locally and abroad, it one's thoughts turn naturally to the willows, .soap bu.sh, wild currant, brambles, and, begin. But ones, such flowers as children would aliove all, the Californian lilacs (Ceaiiothus). One commoner armfuls after a day in the foot- nnist see these in their native haunts to realise bring home in Indian paint brush, mission that the most floriferous British specimens are hills and canyons. (Biod'ums), shooting stars but dwarfs struggling to survive. Two other fine liells and bluebells chocolate lilies (FiitiUanus), Californian shrubs—the Carpenteria and the (l)o(lccathcon), (Salvia), I>elphiitium>:, red and Slippery Elm (Freinuntki)—the latter is really a woolly blue curls blue, scarlet columbine, Eschsrhultzia.t (the Cali- t,-ee—are natives of the southern canyons. The fiow^er). Baby blue eyes (Xemo- l)lant life of Southern California closely resembles fornian State tips (Layia cletjans), Plat(/stemons, that of South Africa in that plants enabled by philo), tidy {Sisyrincliium), Pentstemons. nature to withstand or evade xerophytic condi- Blue-eyed grass spectahile, ccenthus. hrtrrophylliis, tions—annuals, bulbs, succulents, &c.—abound. rordifoUus, — IRISH GARDENING

&c., uiot-a.'^siii ll(j\vfii- yC iii'i iitediuin), Black-oyed a Californian artist that looks like an explosion Susans {llelidiitlni.i), snow on the inountaiiis, in a paint faftfjry. It simply means that he has wild pseonies, inimulus, hijiins, Marii^osa lilies, been painting a mountain meadow in the High and a score of others thai I connot remember, Sierras where an acre or so of Orange Kumhuutti might be expected to figiiic in any bouquet. lilies fought for supremacy wdth another acre or Two of the most striking Californian plants are so of lilac liix l>'iiglasi(nia, while a billow- of the Matillija poppy (l<"i,,neyu) and the tree yellow mustard lifiid up its voice in the back- poppy (Deiuliomecon). The former is a dweller ground. Liliiiiii rarryi is considered the in hot valleys, the latter of equally hot mountain handsomest of the Californian lilies, and it is sides, but seeking some slight shade. Most Cali- certainly the most pernickety, but I personally fornians, however, think more of the beautiful give the prize to the charming lilyputian, L. silvery acanthus-leaved Aigemone than of the marititnum. Bomneya. which is inclined to be coarse. The A good many of the Californian Irises have been Californian plant par e.re ell c nee is the Mariposa brought to Europe, but they do not do well, and lily. There are about forty s^pecies, of which by in particular will not look at a bed that has a far the most striking is the scarlet Oalochortux particle of lime in it. In their native haunt, it is

I ZlXuI,IA ', A-\1.i1:I-'-M1:I'A M'lMLi^.i. See Ericaceae on a Limestone Soil.

Kennedyi, a rare desert-haunting species. I have usual to find th.e plant in full flower in soil that seen it in bloom once only, and that from the looks as if it had been powder dry for months, unsatisfactory vantage point of a train. A colony but the long, powerful roots are many feet down of these " tulips " was abloom a few hundred below, where there is percolating w-ater. The yards from the track, and looked like a red finest of all is possilily /. lotx/ipeitda. and a fine handkerchief dropped on tlic yellow sand. But garden variety of this." called " Mrs. A. W. Tait," all the (.'(liochoAi are beautiful from chn-ntus, will grow almost anywhere. with its black keyes lying in their yellow cup to Everyone has his ]ireference, but to me the most the silvery white Purdyi. There are two quite interesting as well as one of the handsomest of distinct types of ('(docJioifus, dry sun-lovers like Californian flowers « as the perennial Lathynis r en list Its and damp shadc-lnvers like pidcheUus. splendens. justly nicknamed " Pride of Califor- Failure to recognise this fact may account for the nia." At least, it is classed as a perennial, but inaljility of British gardem-rs to flower these I have my doubts aliout it. It is only just a bulbs successfully. Californian plant, for its furtliest north is the Most of the Californian lilies are too well known mountains back of San Diego^California's to require description. There are about a dozen furthest south. In my garden it bloomed pro- species, many of them rare, and only two purdn- fusely, but it never ripened seed and never linum and Einnboldti—that might be called showed any signs of living to bloom another day, common. The former throws up its seven-foot or, rather, another year. It is a pecidiar plant, stems at the edge of every wooded stream. Hiini- for it likes a certain amount of shade, but huldti belongs properly "to the higher altitudes. collapses instanter if it is watered during the Occasionally Easterners are shown a picture by flowering season. The flower is about the size of —

IRISH GARDENING 3 aa old-fashioned sweet poa, but the standard is I have seen cyclopena excavations undertaken; an bent back so as to form a line with the keel. The area dug out to the depth of a yard, a drain colour is a brilliant scarlet, with the faintest sug- carried down all rnund the margin for a couple gestion of purple in it, and the pigmentation is of feet more, with an outlet at the lowest level so dense that it looks as if it had been put on to take right away water percolating in from the with a brush. The foliaec is slender and the surrounding soil. Yet in ten years the treasured leaves narrow, but in its natural habitat the Rhododendrons wliich had been planted in the plant will climb twenty feet. imported peaty soil were turning yellow—a sure These are but a few rand(im jottings that occur sign of lime poisoning. to me, and if they contain nothing that is new Thiwilling to be deprived of Erica and Bryan- or interesting, the fact that they are written by thus, I argued this way : in our wet climate, the one who has not seen California for seven years, general movement of soil water is downward, not and who has not by him a note or a book from upward; peat spread on the surface of the ground which to refresh an indifferent memory, must instead of shot into ,i hole wall, therefore, not tend be a partial excuse. to draw up the limy water from below; the

CAMr.\NUL.\ PULLA (page 5).

Notes from a Small Garden. Ericacefe are mostly shallow-rooting things, and do not require a deep soil; and, finally, our damp Bv R. rj.oYD Praeger, B.A., B.E. climate will mostly prevent heaped-up peat from getting too dry. So I mixed the half-foot of sur- face soil, out of which most of the lime had been Ericacegc on a Limestone Soil. long since washed, with a foot and a half of peat A LIMY soil is the best for a good many good and leaf-mould, and put my plants in the raised plants, but gardeners whose lot it is to live on beds thus formed, the situation chosen being one one—like us about Dublin—lose, I fancy, more where the hot afternoon sun was cut off. The than they gain. Without special preparation, they result was quite satisfactory. After eleven years find themselves cut off, for instance, from practi- the plants are vigorous and of a healthy, dark- cally the whole of that lovely family, the Eiica- green colour, and flower splendidly. The growth cct —lilioilodendionx. Ilenths, Androinechix, Arc- they have made may be shown by a few ex- iustaph ijlns, (rduTtlieritis. Cassiopes, Bi)/(inthus, amples : Ericn ai harea, 12 feet high (10 years' K'llmia-'', Lrdinnx, &c. These genera include not growth); E. austrdUs, 6 feet high; Fhododendion only big things which need a correspondingly big prxcox, a round bush, 4 feet high, covered with root-run, but many beautiful small things, down to bloom every February; 7?. micranthum, ditto; liny alpines. In the latter cases, at least, it is Biihrrcia and the smaller Heaths grow rampantly, feasible to provide an imported lime-free soil. and, among more difficult things, Bryanthiis How is this to be done ? How is the taint of lime ererttix and B. fn.rifoUiis have done extremely to be excluded and lime water to be kept away? well. Never until this year has drought been IRISH GARDENING

seriously felt, uiul all the d.iniage it has done has Notes from Rostrevor. been to cut Kiilmui ii iiiiii.shjfilid a bit. fnclei- the bushes some uiee things liKi' Liniucu burciilis and Mklianthus M.\joi: is a very handsome plant f;om Tanakxa radirans have run about for years, but South Africa with large smooth, glaucous, ])iniiate the ground is too dry for Primulas, except 1'. foliage, the leaves more than a foot long with iiuiriiiiKtfd, now ten years planted. vfinged midribs, the leaflets some 5 by 2 incites in size, and deeply cut at the edges. It grows here about (i feet high by 15 to 20 feet through, and x Antirrhinum majus glutinosum. forms a pleasing oljject at all times, and especially Some years ago I poiiilid out to Mi'. A. H. now when so nuu-h else has died down for the Hignett a Snapdragon g]-o\ving on the wall of his winter. As, however, it produces its flowers very garden at Ballsbridge wliieii was clearly a cross late, it is rare to see them; it is at this moment between the common species and the smaller well covered with buds, and many of them are hairy, white-flowered .4. (jlutinosum. He sent it just on the point of opening, but it will depend to Glasnevin, where it was pronounced a novelty on the weather whether or not they wall do so at and named .4. liutui HiijiteU in honour of the lady tills late period of the year. Another South African of the house. It was a rather large plant with red shrub, liiiirl-crhi iiiphylla, is somewhat in the same flowers with a yellow lip. Subsequently I saw a state; but this is not its usual form, i'or, as a ruie, somewhat similar form on a wall at Miss Fanny it expands its interesting white Calceolaria-like Geoghegan's, who told me it had been there for flowers long befoi'e the middle of December; and years. Since then the two species have taken to the present delay is an exception to the ordinary hybridising on my own walls, and I have had a behaviour of the plant. It is a very desirable whole series of forms extending from one species species for a sheltered place in a mild di.strict. to the other—leaves long or sliort, smooth or downy, Paxsifloitt iirruird also w'as somewhat later aiul dry or viscid; flowers large or small, red, yellow. hardly as good as usual. But Ldidir.oholn or white. One that is flowering at present has the liiti iiditd, a dense evergreen from the Himalayan dwarf stature, small, broad downy leaves, and region, witli thick leaves, allied to Berberis, and small flowers of .4. (jlutinosum, but the flowers are the half-hardy LH^.'a japonicd, allied to the Bay- soft red instead of white, and the haliit has some tree (Ldurus nobilis), bloomed quite well at the of the upright character of ,4. mtijus. I fancy regular time. Owing, perhaps, to the mildness of these hybrids are frequent wheu'e both species are the present season. Cytisus racrmoaus, ('. liui- grown, and should be glad to hear more about folius, Erira htsitdiiica, the hybrid E. Vcitcliii, them. Euptiofhid Chdrdrid!:, and, to some extent. E. W ujfciii, Sf'dum Piiiirga'i Vinra diffonuis, Yurin Wall Plants. ijldiii/sd, and the well-known Janminum 7tudi- My .back garden has an ugly six-foot wall down florum, and Vibin nam Tinus (Laurustinus) are each side of it. The top is formed not of large flowering abundantly; also P'. jDoi-if/ii. and T. blocks, but of smaller stones set in mortar in semi- iln/tidiipliyllmn were in bloom early in December; circular style. Luckily, frost came on just as the while even Volycdfome spinosa is showing some coping was finished, so that much of the mortar pea-.shaped gold. Two Rhododendrons, moreover, perished. After sixteen years a trace of humus li. nobli'onum and 7?. dduriiii m nfi-oriicus, are has got mixed with the mortar and stones, and it always most welcome, for they mark the com- is surprising how many things will flouri.sh in mencement of the season of that magnificent genus, this vmcompromising material, with its poverty of and, weather permitting, we can count on getting plant-food and very small water-holding capacity. their flowers on every Christmas Day. This year, Of course, there are some plants quite at home in however, we can add another to the list, for li. such surroundings—Sempervivums and certain lidlylcpis. one of Mr. Wilson's earlier introductions Sedums, though the latter genus as a whole do'es from China, has begun lo open its purple trusses not welcome very poor conditions. Pinks. before tlie proper time. Aubrietias, Erinus, and Othonnopsis are obvious On the other hand, Kniphofia niuUiflora was suggestions for such a place. Silver-leaved dwarf disappointing; it throws vip light-yellow, almost Achilleas and Artemisias, Pyrethrum densum, and white, flower-spikes in November, very different other grey things are quite at home, as are Sea lo the more generally known Torch-lilies; but Pinks, Anfhilnnum gtutinosum, Linnria Anti- this year they did not mature contrary to their rnria, L. jiurpured, and, of course, Vittadeniu tri- usual habit. There is, however, a certain weed, loba. Many of these seed themselves, and so move which never fails, very troublesome, and which up and down the wall. Cn mpanuJn Poiienschhi- one would gladly exiiel, if one could, called I'pid- f/inna is a curious case, With its thin green titc.'i frdgiruis; it lias just one point in its favour, leaves and slender stems it has none of the char- it flowers in winter, more curious than beautiful, acters of a plant of dry places, yet it is most but with a good scent of new-mown hay, mixed successful on the wall. On the mo.st intractable with cherry-pie, like Heliotrope. Although the part of it it spreads steadily, burrowing under the autumn tints are now over, a good deal remained stones and filling the interstices with tiny green bright for a long lime well into December. This leaves set with blue flowers only a couple of was to be noticed on several plants, among them inches in height, like a choice tiny alpine. ('rat:r(i\is EnrjeVmanni, and on some of the Ber- Another surprise is PajHU'er p'llosum. which one beris, for instance, B. Coryi, B. Giraldii, B. mostly sees in a border growing two or three feet vmbfUafo. B. Xo. 15340 (Forrest), and indeed high. It sowed itself on the wall, and grows dense others, all of which appear to turn their leaf late. and dwarf, flowering abundantly, and defying Ti. virescens also is of value now, for the branch- the worst drought to drive it out. Cotoneiixter lets are bright red; and the same may be seen on hoiizi'iitolix is there, too, no doubt bird-sown, and some of the Dog-woeds, for instance. Coriivs Xr>. continued to survive this year, when all the Erinus 4017 (Wilson), and on many of the Willows. .SV??,;- ritrl- hard l)y was killed out by the drought. The long, hotifdvdidna . S. hrit~rnsis, S. daphiididrs, S. fleshy taproot imdoubfedly cives it an unexpected Ihw pruduln, while -the white bark on the power of resistance. trunks of lliftild Kiiudiii. li. pdptpifrvd and /!, IRISH GARDENING 5 iitilis shows up well in the woods. Two plants tlowers lie in tlnir great productivity, the ease should have heen included last month, Stiiinfia with which they cm be grown, and also to the fact iiii^iwdi-lphn, and Acer Xo. 10886 (Wilson), which that they will thnve in almost any locality, pro- I understand has been nannd A. Kaira-Kainii ; they vided they are given a position where the sun will both deserve a note on account of their very fine reach them. It is scarcely necessary to more than autumn colouring remind readers that the taller varieties are general But our attention in tlic dead season is rather favourites, wherever hardy plants are appre- directed towards evergreens that still remain in ciated, as back row border tenants, and, be the " foliage. The Club-Palms." as they are some- season what it may, seldom fail to give a good times called, come from .\ew Zealand, and three account of themselves. In a very dry season like species with several fine varieties are hardy in last they did as well as most' things', where they ('. most parts of Ireland. i uidyUiii' ausfnilis, were helped witli surface mulchings of old manure liuiiksti and C nu//r/.si(, give the landscape a or similar medium to conserve moisture. Whilst somewhat tropical api:)earance; they are all hand- we acknowdedge the services are in some, the last-named by far the best, with huge a border with tlieir bell? of white and blue in June leaves that arch over th.' >tem in a very gracefid and July, we cannot shut our eyes to the truth way. A few of the Brom.liads moreover are hardy tliat the dwarf and trailing forms are equally in this climate, among tluui I'liya cltil/'iisix. Pif- useful in their own particular sjjheres, nor w-ould rairnra curulca, 1'. sixitlmceii, Ehodostaclit/s pit- we exempt the luennial form, the Canterbury Bell, c(urnia:fo}'ia, which look like giant Pine-apples, and bringing masses of colour to a garden in" early add to the interest of the wild garden. Visnia summer, fleeting though their tenure is. iiujcancra from the Canaries has fine glistening Border Selections.—For gi-ouping about a light-green foliage; on I'liiiax cnhorcum it is also border we favour the sorts that have proved a shining, but of a more .^ombre shade; while on great success over many years, such, for example, 1' . as I'seudoponaj- cnissifuViuiii . and on fcroj- it is the Chimney , pi/nniudalis, and the very lotig and narrow, thick and leathery, notched Peach-leaved Bellfiower, pcrsicifolid, or the other at the edges, the midril).< all marked with colour. peach-leaved form, p. (dhti, ijivndifluid plena, with The leaves of Drimijs cnhiKita are yellow splashed inire white semi-double flowers of great size; p. with red; of IJ. (iioniaticn green well set off by the ciiciulrii flair ph'iiii, blue, and p. Moi'idu'imi, white bright red branchlets. The underleaf of dista- semi-double, amongst this section, too, are deserv- tiopsis (di rysuphijllu is golden, so also that of ing of mention.

II ii II, Quercus aJniftilui, an oak indigenous in the i.?Iand (ilomeiiitii ihih I jnnple, and its white of Cyprus, but silvery white in Q. iiicuna from counterpart, known as the clustered Bellfiower, is the Himalayan region. The foliage of Lomatio worthy to he associated with the afore-mentioned tiiirtinid is extremely handsome, but two of the Liiiihilifi (ijr(ind'i.<). a very beautiful tall-growing best appear to be L. f(rru

breeze ! 1 in. respectively, all th^ise measurements having in the summer been taken at 5 feet from the ground There are For planting on and about rockwork, then, we some more species of this interesting genus grow- remember these small-growing species like cur- ing here which seem to be quite hardy, E. (im- piitico, which attains a height of about si.x inches, and is literally studded with bells of blue. Under rulo. E. iimyiidid'inn. E. rordato , E. ijhjhidu.s, E. the same heading one has choice of a white piilrrruhnfa, E. iiniiijiin , E. rerniroso . and others; hut the most vigorous appears to be one lately re- variety, and a porcelain-blue in ('. crplestimi. and ceived luider the name of E. MacAitlixni. which of Littlf Grm, with flowers of pretty white cups grows rampantly and bi'l< fair to rival E. corrifrrn erectly held, liircrslca, too, belongs to the same in its rapid development. section, with flatfish deep blue flowers, borne on rather longer stems than the preceding, and also erect in habit, (t. F. Wilsun is another Campanula : their Utility. Campanulas Great which lias been in much demand in recent years, ViEWKi) in the light of their all-ruund capabilities, with bluish-purple blossoms, a very dwarf sort •vve venture to say that it would be difficidt to point seldom exceeding more than four or five inches to a hardy more popular than the in height. Campanula. Undoubtedly the charm of the Bell- Pulhi. dark purple, and pinniln, blue, and IRISH GARDENING.

as we understand tlie term to-day in the e.\press ])roduction of blossoms; indeed, it is better to give them the conditions of a cool house, potting up

I he clumps in December or .lainiary, and growing ilieni on under glas,-. so that for weeks earlier one may enjoy the flowcis as they are yielded in pots. .A reference to (ampanuhis in pots would be quite incomplete did it not include that very ( popiUar, yet less hardy sort. '. '(xophyUn , blue, with its white form. No indoor trailing plant Mirely is richer in the output of its flowers than ire these two, and, whether seen under a green- liouse roof, or, as is frequently the case, in a cottage window, it would be diffictdt to select any- iliing more beautiful or which flowers so con- Muuously. General Remarks. —Campanulas are mostly (luick-growing, and should not, therefo.'-e, be left to themselves too long. In the case of the ' aller sorts, medium-sized roots always give the best results, and whether for the sake of merely in- creasing the stock or keeping the borders >miform, in either case it is advisable to overhaid plants every two years and give tlie required attention. This applies, too, though in a less degree, to the Iwarf, and, in some cases, slower-growing sorts. We have said little with regard to actual culture lii these deservedly popular Howering plants, as M is hardly necessary to' do .so when it is well l.nown tliat they will succeed in fairly good garden -oil, and often may lie seen growing in gardens in the very heart of a city where soil is not over- liurdeiied with richness. To the profe.ssional 'jardener who appreciates them fully, they supply liim with sheaves of white blossoms in the early year by potting up the chunps in autunm and growing them on in cold frames luitil the roots have well advanced, to bring the plants into warmth, and gentle forcing and moisture does the rest. Amateur gardeners recognise the value of Campanulas as hardy border flowering plants, and most O'f them are content with this. To try them as indoor plants in the manner outlined is all that is needed for anvone to a])preciate them more fully. W. LiNDERS Lea.

Autumn Tints in 1921.

I DO not remember any previous yeai' when the aufiunn tints have been finer and have lasted as Clk.matis S.\i ll.At uolia. long as during the piesent one. One of the first to take on its brilliant colour- piiinitii (iltiii, with piisilhi, blue, and ilis.s W ihimtl. ing is AiKlriiinedd uihoi-ei-i, a glorious scarlet, fol- nuikes a quartette fittiugc for ledges on rockeries, lowed quickly afterwards by A. Muiiiinu, not quite so dwarf ai-e tliey. so bright, but still good, and, what is more, the Tiiihiniifii is one of the very best, deep blue, a leaves (here at any rate) are retained until Feli- gem amongst alpine Campanulas, whilst t. (jianfli- ruary, and in sotiie seasons until end of March. jiorn has even lai'ger fiowers. It is sometimes con- These are properly l'i(ris, but the popular name, venient to have a plant on a ledge in a rock .\ndromeda, will stick. " After all. what's in a ' garden that will trail, and '. (jdnjaniin . having name," if one gets the plant one wants? pale blue flowers with a white eye, will lie found Azalea //iu//i.s- is always good, the leaves of the to answer these requirements. red and pink-flowered plants turning varying Campanulas for Potting. — It is somewhat sinau- shades of crimson and scarlet, whilst those with iar that, outside large establishments, so few flowers of yellow shades turn a beautiful amber, people take the tnuible to pot up Campanulas for of the same shade as the Japanese larch, a tree early blooming. As a nde, those who have small, that shotdd be planted in bold groups for its and sometimes nnheated, gieenhouses, depend autnnin colouring; blocks of this Larch look at the " mostly upon bulbs to give tlieni a display a little present time (Noveudier) like Golden Sunshine." earlier than those l)looming in beds and borders, Azalea pnnt'ica, a more vigorous grower than the and scarcely ever give a thought to the subject? mollis section, is very ornamental in its crimson under notice, that, after all, are amenable to iii- and scarlet shades, which last for quite a good door cidture. Campanidas di> not need forcing. while.' — —

IRISH GARDENING /

" I'Utliiit alnifulia is anotlier plant whose leaves none mc«e so tli 1 the Conunou Geau Frunus assume a golden-yellow ediour. (Cerasus) Aviiun. especially on calcareous soils. Of Enkniniiius, the luightest of all is E. The Cornus or Dogwood, ('. iiIIki, should be jaiionicus, blood-red, although E. rampmiul i*us planted in bold masses for its autiinui colours and runs it very close for honours, and is a liigger deep red bark in winter, and its variety, flari- grower. (TUi/hissacias aie always good, but un- riiiiieu, whose leaves turn yellow and whose bark foirtunately the first frost brings the leaves down. is also yellow, forms a striking contrast to the Shortid (jalac'tfoVta now lias some of its leaves type if associated with it. In the same family the varying shades of red, and some are beautifully following are always good. VIZ. ; ('. ciriidKlix^iiiKi, marbled with ivory. ('. flaridd, ('. K'liisd, (' Xutialii. and ('. ujjici- Of Vacciniuin, 1 give the palm to T'. cori/in- Idllis. husuin, a brilliant scarlet. Cofiiiieuster Jim i~.tiiitiilis ranks high in that very All the foregoing, exce))t the Larch, are " Peat nmneious family as one of the most useful bits of Lovers," and consequently abhor lime. eoloiu' liefore the leaves fall, brightened also by The Maple family furni.'ihes us with many sub- its brilliantly-coloured berries. jects resplendent in their autiumi garb. .4y l>it like so many shank bones.

There are in the Boc/k i/ '. i/iiinifiiiense is also good, the palm nnist be given to Ji. rirescens, one of the most useful of this nmneraus family. Its leaves do not colour until November, remain on the bush (unless very severe weather intervenes) ruitil Christmas, when the bushes are quite as striking with their bright-red stems glowing in the winter sunshine. The Birch. Beech. Siianish Chestnuts. Horn- beam, and Ash paint the landscape in autmnn in shades ranging from canary-yellow, gold cinna-

mon to russet-brown ; special note should be nuidi- of the Golden Ash with golden foliage and bark. The Cherries are all useful for autmnn effect. Erica Veitchii. IRISH GARDENING. autuiiin, l)iit I well recollect seeing a fine tree of Imperial Fruit Show. tliis in the public gardens at Leamington some years ago in the month nf October—a specimen The Editor has asked me to give a few impres- brilli.mt ooloin-ing. of the most vivid and sions of a visit to the recent Fruit Show, held at I'andtki iier.s'uii colours ni a very unusual Crystal Palace, London, to the readers of Irish leaves at tips of numner; the young the the G.iRDENiNG, and I i/ladly accept the opportunity. lici the shoots about August ome rosy-violet, Before describing some of my impressions, and colour creejjing f'-"vn the deepening and gradually some of the exhibits, perhaps it-w'ould be w'ell to stems until all the leaves aie shades of red, whilst explain the conditions which suggested the Show. the older leaves at the base of the shoots turn During the past few years Conunercial Fruit yellow—a delightful contrast. Shows have been held in at least three districts Without doubt, the most l)rilliant-coloured tree in Great Britain, in wdiich apples are largely of the current season has been rimiinui ruiiii- grown on a conunercial scale—namely, Kent, hilis. Lines and groups of this on the hillside, of Eastern Counties, and West Midlands—each Ijeing colo^^r, sight \i) the most intense blood-red were a organised and run by its own local Commercial lie remembeied. Fruit Show Committee. It was felt, however, that The Golden Poplar never was as golden as some these Shows, though valuable to the grower, were of slicd leaves, prob- the species before they their not all that could be desired, as, owing to their ably P. tiifliocaiinis being as bright as any. being held in the producing areas, they failed to PyrKs arhufijulius a brilliant (the Chokeberry). attract the consuming public. It was, therefore, " led, and its variety Brilliant," scarlet, are low- decided that a National Show, at which the growing shrubs that must not be uinitted from premier exhibits from the local shows would come the autumn garden. into competition with each other, shoidd be held give us I'ljnis {Sor- The Mountain Ash Groiij' in a large consuming centre, where little fruit is hus) (li.tiohir and jopdnii-iis and the Oaks ((Jiici- produced, for the purpose of showing the con- cus) of colouring merit, all come from North sumer the great advantage of eating home-grown America, (,l. coi-rineii ijuliititris. and (/. iiil)iit , Q. apples. This idea of showing to the consiuning being well known for their fine autunm effects. public the quality of our home-grown fruits was The Sumdrh.i (Bliu.s), from the dwarfs aromn- one of the underlying principles of the show, firii roiMilliiui taller kinds, sinifd, and to the hence it was not on the same lines as those we in rirniniiiiKi fiiphina, and its cut-leaved form, and . this country are accustomed to see. To an Irish are always good. visitor, perhaps, this commercial standpoint was In the Currant family (Hihrs), the one I have one of the most striking featiu'es of the show. In in mind is B. mneiim, leaves a bright red. all the Dessert classes, except those reserved for The shrubby fipinviis, one of the most useful amateurs, and three for half-bushel liaskets, all race of hardy shrubs, contain many members the apples for competition were exhibited in " " that, after doing their bit in the flowering busliel boxes, of the specification adopted as way, do a bit more with their leaves before un- standard by the Federation of British Growers, low- dressing for the winter. N. mar

Xiintliijiliizii II pi'tioVin . or Yellow Root, can be nmnber of fruits which had a portion removed growing in a either -iloni' or remembered mass for tasting in each class. forming a ground-work for taller subjects. It is a Before leaving the Provincial Commercial Com- low-growing shrub, whose leaves turn a deep petitions, perhaps, a novel feature in the West innple, lasting for four t.i six weeks before Midland Section may be mentioned. Behind each falling. variety entered for competition were one or more Without going into the matter of autmun- cards giving the name of the variety and certain tinted Climbers, which ought to have a chapter to other particulars, such as whether suitable for themselves, one might say that there is no time dessert or culinary, or both, season, where and relish more than of the year in the garden that we when raised or introduced, general habit of trees, sliortening days, when, as the last of the autunm etc. This is a feature that could with very little Daisies are away llie Michaelmas passing and expense be adopted at many of our Irish shows. fmward to the winter months, the glorious looking and would. I believe, make such shows more colours of our trees and shrubs brighten the dtiys interesting and instructive to the visitor, who before they go to rest. is not an expert in these matters, and also to the November. 1921. G. N. S. consuming p\iblic. IRISH GARDENING

III tlio Overseas Section there were fourteen any information letinired about varieties, pros- classes, and the colour, imlhod of packing, etc.. pect of growing imit, etc., in the Dominion. of this fruit was wonderful. The competition in To encourage tlie average consumer to use more this section was not as kcou as in that for home- fi'uit in the co

lO IRISH GARDENING

An Uncommon "Traveller's Joy." whose foliage is bluish green, is not distinctive enough, in my ojiinion, to merit particular atten- Clematis smilacifolia tion, but the dwarf variety, E. meditermnea iiami, This iutoresting species (lowered profusely during is useful for snudl rock gardens or edgings. E. November and early Deoeiuber in a eorridor of the inedifeinineu hibeniica is yet another of the clan, I)lant houses in the Botanic Gardens at Glasnevin. hailing from the bogs of western Ireland, but it It is in many ways a remarkable and attractive does not do so well in our woodland loam as the others. plant. Apparently of vigorous growth it would require considerable spai'c to allow for its full de- Quite the gem of the mediterraneas is E. M. velopment. Where, however, this could be superha, a form not often seen. It is close to the provided it would form an attractive feature, par- type in general character, Init is bolder and better ticularly as the fiowers are sweetly scented. in all its parts, the flowers being a fuller colour, The leaves are large and of thick texture, re- larger size, and even more liberally produced. It " " calling those of some of Uie hardy Sniilaxes; they is, in truth, a superba E. meditenunen, the are egg-shaped, narrowed to a point at the apex, type so glorified as to appear at first glance a heart-shaped at the base, and quite entire, not different species. divided as in most Clematises. E. tnediteiniiiea lii/hridn * is a hybrid between E. The flowers, produced from tlie axils of the mediierianeii and the well-known winter-flower- carnea. leaves on the current year's shoots, are borne in ing E. and it has iidierited some of the points loose panicles; each flower is composed of 4 or 5 good of both parents. Whilst retaining tlie dark-green foliage sepals. These are long, strap-shaped, of a light, of the one, it is rather more dwarf, rusty colour outside, due to a dense covering oF and has adopted more of the spreading down, and deep, dark violet within. habit of E. rainea. Its flowers are intermediate Ijetween the soft rose-pur])le of The centre of each flower is occupied by mediternineu and the clear, numerous long, narrow, flat stamens or stami- almost carmine-crimso'n of the other. In vigoau- of it nodes, each bearing a pair of anther pores laterally constitution leaves nothing to be desired. Indeed, in. is towards the apex. Numerous achenes with re- E. hybridu such a curved stigmas are produced within the dense ring good doer that we do not hesitate to plant it on dry banks of stamens. The plant here described was pre- under trees where few other subjects would pro.sper, and it is one of the sented to the National collection at Glasnevin by best Heaths for using is Prof. Dixon, from Trinity College Gardens, whence as a carpeting for Azaleas. It said to be as indifferent to lime as its parents, and its it was introduced from Siam. season of flowering is even longer than that It differs slightly from the specimen figured in of E. i(i.rneii. Thus, before the end of November, the the hcitiinical Mcujazim . t. 4259, inasmuch as the first blossoms of this hybrid were open this year sepals are not completely revolute as there shown, with us; they will gradually increase until early but merely point downwards and curve slightly at spring, and summer will be approaching before the apex, they are also quite as frequently 5 or the last of them are over. even G in number as 4. Eiiru inedHcixnica is not. as might be supposed, The Piotaiucdl Maoazine figure was prepared from a native of southern Europe, but of western a Javanese specimen, hut since th" jilant is also Spain and France, whilst E. carnea is common to recorded from Nepaul an

Erica mediterranea ancl others. Allotments. AiiONCi the taller hardy Heaths none is more lovely than E. meditenfinea. There be may some Seed C.italogues for the cm-rent year are now more striking species and varieties, but, taking coming to hand, and it will be welcome news for into consideration its various forms and the all to note that some reduction has taken place hybrid that bears its name, ease with the which in the cost of seeds, and especially seed Potatoes. it can be grown in almost any soil, and the long In the selection of varieties to grow preference season of blossoming at a sea.son (March-.Tune) should lie given to those kinds of Potatoes which when rose-purple flowers are uncommon, K. merli- are known to succeed locally. Potatoes have a ferranea can. I think, claim' a prominent place marked preference for certain districts, and also among the best of its race. to a lesser extent even to the soil. A variety which This Heath is a fast and robust grower, attain- is known to succeed should not be discarded imtil ing a height of some 3 to 5 feet. Tlie habit is a better and heavier cropper has been secured bushy and upright, and a well-grown plant will for this reason there are many Potatoes still giown cover a breadth equal to its height. Being deep- in isolated districts, which have long been sub- green, the l)ristly foliage an admirable makes stituted by newer kinds in the seedmen's cata- setting for the blossoms with which the ends of logues, but they are retained as long as their the shots are crowded, and the shrub will, as I vigour remains. At the same time new varieties have said, often remain in full beauty for three of proved merit are always worth a trial. There months. Though E. medilciraneii prefers fidl sun is usually some enterprising individual among the it will do very well in thin woodland, and it can allotment holders who is keen on growing new be grown to perfection in any gritty loam with varieties, and ready to part with his experience the addition of a little leaf-mould. Though I do to others, and there are many ways of finding out not speak from experience, I believe that this is what class of Potatoes and other vegetables suc- one of the few Heaths which will do in a limy ceed locally. We have remarked before the soil. benefit which a change of district will n'so do in The white-flowered variety, E. incditeiiinii'ii (ilhti, is a lovely thing, in every way as easy as finest of the type, and, in many respects, the all * Now called E. dnrlnievn^ (see "Trees and Plinibs Hard.v in " the white Kricas. The foiui known as glanca," the British Isles," Vol. I„ p. 521). ililSH GAKJJEiNING II

Ui(j croijping powers; ospr- ally is tlii= true of first observed in Ireland in IDUG. it appears now southern districts. Early v- leties of Potatoes de- to_ have become prevalent throughout the country. teriorate rapidly, and an iiiti'duction from a cooler Where Celery U grown in trc'iiches, the spraying district is necessary to' seime the best residts. 01 the crop will practically become essenlial to New seed also gives a uiou- vigorous crop, which cultivation. At tin- moment it is strongly advised resists disease oetter. A rlmnge from peaty soil to burn all disea.srd. leaves and not leave, them on in a late district to a loam m an early district is the ground. Where disease is present on a plot often markedly beneficial. 1; should also be stated it will be advisable next season to make the that seed Potatoes should '" obtained as early in trenches as far away from the present ones as spring as possible, before sprouting has com- possible. menced, so that the daiimgc which sprouted Few allotment holders attempt the cultivation Potatoes suffer in course .'l bagging and transit of Potatoes witiioul manure, hut it is rare to find may be avoided. When tlir I'otatoes are received men supplementing the dung with artificial they should be placed in sli ,;iow boxes to sprout. manures, yet, it is well known to be profitable. Single layers w'lth the buii.~ uppermost do well. The following is often referred to as the Depart-

Large Potatoes should not i ^ cut when placed to ment's standard mixture :—7 ll)s. sulphate of sijrout. Any tubers which :ire large and can be ammonia, 28 lbs. .'superphosphate, 7 lbs. muriate of cut, this operation should lie done iunnediately potash per plot of .'juo square yards. Mixing is before planting. It is an advantage then if the best carried out ju.st before the manure is re- :-ut Potatoes are dressed with slaked lime. By quired for use. It can then he applied over the delaying the cutting, there is the additional ad- dung when planting. Artificial manures are often vantage that the grower can be quite certain that in a lumpy condition when received. .Just before on eacli piece a bud capabl. of growth is present. mixing the lumps should be beaten out to powder. The quantity of Potatoes i<(|uired to plant a plot G. H. Oliver. of 3U0 square yards depends upon the distairce

apart of the rows, and also :i.5 regards the weiglit, JOOOOCocoo^A which is dependent upon liie individual size of >OOOoooooo*^U ziiii^m the sets. At any rate, imt less than 1 cwt. of seed is required, generally more, to plant tlie whole of the plot. Veget.ible Seeds.—As oniy the best seeds arc The Month's Work worth sowing, it is wise to 'leal only with reliable seedsmen. The elaborately illustrated packets of cheap seeds, which will veiy soon be adorning the oooOOooo ^ooooooooOO' shops of many but the genuine seedsmen, are not oooOOoooi SJ^oooooooOOOool reconnnended unless they l:ear the name of a firm By of repute. The soil requir. s just the same amount Mr. W. H. Kke, Gardener to Viscount Powers- court. of preparation for poor s.rds as it does for good K.P.. Enniskerry. Co. Wicklow. ones. Often if poor .seeds .ne sown and the germ- ination is unsatisfactory, .~o much time is lost Work Under Glass. during the interval of sowing again, that the crop Complete the tying and washing of Peach trees may not reach full maturity. Most catalogues and Vines in late liouses. One of the great secrets now state the quantity of .^eed required to sow a of success here is the cleanliness of the trees and given row, so that the cahailation tlie of quantity houses. Peaches will only stand gentle forcing, required is an easy matter. Generally speaking, and until the flower buds show colour the tem- quarter ounce pack.ets of ' Cabbages and other perature should range between 40° to 50°, and greens contain sufficient quantity where a variety on sunny days about 10° higher. IS sown. P"or Parsnips and Carrots half one ounce When the flower l)uds are .swelling it is some- may be required. Peas differ. so much in height times found that alter a fine sunny day they a;e and season of ripening tha! these should be care- falling off, the cause is usually through the border.^ fully selected. For Peas above 2 feet in height having become dry- during the autumn or winter. stakes of some description :ire necessary. A thorough soaking should he given, taking care The beginning of the ye.ir is a convenient time to loosen the top soil lightly before doing so. The to commence an account look to note therein the most critical time for Peaches and Nectarines is expenditure and income oi the plot. It may be when in flower, and' on all fine days when the air said now that the area of a plot is far too sinall is light and buoyant, and the pollen ripe and dry, TO show a profit over expenditure if an account they should be fertilised. A rabbit's tail pas.sed is kept of tlie number of hours of labour. But lightly from bloom to bloom answers the purpose the majority of men who have allotments do not and will Ije most conducive towards producing a take them of course from the strictly utilitarian free and regular set. In the event of the pruning point of view, although the production of good of Vines having l)een delayed no time should be vegetaljles and flowers is the primary function of lost in completing the work, as the sap will soon a plot. We do, however, wish to draw the atten- be in rapid motinn. After pruning give the rods tion of allot 'nent holders and small gardeners a good washing with Gisliurst's Compound, first generally to the pleasure lliat can he derived from cleaning off all loose bark. .January is usually growing a few- things well which will give both early enough to start forcing, .see that the borders satisfaction and profit WJiat is the financial are in proper I'ondition; they usually require a value of Sweet Peas when grown well ? The grow- thorough soaking, then commence by closing the ing of a few flowers on the plot is sure to give house early in the afternoons and damp down to satisfaction. create a humid atmosphere. To soften the bark Celery disease is very prevalent in this district and aid the rods to break freely syringing should at the present time on the planf.^ grown in not be neglected but followed up both morning trenches. Small plants sown in drills and used and afternoon on fine days, always using clean chiefly for flavouring soups, seem to be compara- lepid water so that there may be no check or tively free. The disease is reported to have been- chill. ;;

12 IRISH GARDENING

slavUxl should be introduced into a dark shed or mush- batch of Sli-a-.vberries in pots should be A room house, to keex) up a succession. Seakale in close to the glass in the Vniery. Pot on a shelf liermancnt bed outside should be covered with Koses should also be i.iuned and started m pots or ashes; and Rhubarb not required for an earlv house. Chrysauthemum cuttings, if not quantity forcing should be divided up for subsequent year's taken last month, should be put in in supplies. to meet requirements. Hardy Fruits. The spraying of Fruit Trees should be finished opera- Kitchen Garden, this month; choose a fine, ciuiet day for the tion; if the trees are badly covered wdth lichen, a doubt During the past dry and mild weather no good caustic solution is best, but for general pur- dig and every opportunity lias been taken to IJoses lime sulphur wash will keep the trees clean the ground. To grow vegetables to a high blight been trench and free from pests. . American has the pre- state of excellence proper attention to very bad during the past season. Clear aw-ay all end a. paration of the soil is absolutely nee.-3sary, loose bark and lichen from the trees, and well rub plentiful supply of maiiuie incorporated with it, the affected part with a partly worn brush, using xhe sooner the trenching is done in the Emtumn a paraffin preparation, methylated spirits, or pulverise the the better, so that the weather can Gishurst's Compound, working it well in cracks cropping time soil, and it can settle down before and crevices. A selection of suitable shoots or scions well tilled and arrives. Even though land be from Apple and Pears should be saved if you in- arrange the proper manured, it is most essential to tend grafting later on. See that each shoot is well example of rotation of the various crops, a brief ripened ancl carefully label and lay-in under a ci'ops, such as rotational cropping is lor root north wall for use in March or April. Cut back follow Brassieas, Carrots, Parsnips, Beet, etc., to trees intended for grafting. such as Cabbage, Cauliflower, Sprouts, Kale, etc., Red and White Currants should be pruned uu and the year following by Peas in trenches, with the spur system, and Black Currants should have Potatoes between the rows. Peas, and all members old wood thoroughly cleaned out. Peach trees on fresh of the Brassica family, should always have a walls should be i^runed and tied when the weather Leeks and Shal- position each year, while Onions, is not favourable for work in open plantations. for a lots can be grown on the same ground MoRELLO Cherries should also be pruned or Potatoes, if the number of years, as can also tied in the same manner as Peaches, but Sweet In ground is properly prepared and manured. Cherries should be pruned in the same manner as cropping the ground the above circle of rotation Plums. The pruning of Plums and Gooseberries Brassieas, well manured should be well limed for in some gardens is very often best left to the last trenched without for Peas and Potatoes, and well where birds are troublesome. Cuttings of Currants for the root crop. fresh manure and Goaseberries, if yoa want to increase your of stump-rooted varieties Carrots.—A sowing stock, should be taken off with a heel about one pits or frames over a mild hot- .'ihould be made in foot in length, pick off all the eyes to a height of inches apart bed in fine, light soil, sow twelve six inches from the base. Strawberries should be can be a sowing of Radish (French Breakfast) cleaned and forked lightly between, and mulched pulled before the made between the rows, and with some long manure. Owing to the dry summer Carrots are any size. and the small amount of rain that has fallen in .seed should be sown in boxes, and Cauliflower some districts it will be found that wall trees and or a hotbed, give placed in a warm house on also large trees in the open ground will require in sown plenty of light and air to plants frames watering. Walls are sometimes very sheltered from in the autumn. the winter's rain, which is also the cause of their Onions and Lkkks. —For the production of large unfruitfulness. specimens a sowing should be made in boxes of as soon large enough rich soil in a warm house; as Flower Garden .\nd Pleasure Grounds. prick off, and keep close to the glass. Potatoes are greatly prized for early supplies; The very mild weather has made the grass grow-, lie w-et w-eather. tubers of a good, short-topped early variety that and Lawns should well rolled after has been laid out in boxes to sprout should be l^eaves should be raked and swept up and either reserved hotbeds carted in out-of-the- planted on beds of leaves or spent hotbeds, cover- for or some place to rot. as there is nothing lietter for ing witli a light, rich soil with a frame for pro- way top- tection, they can also be grown in large jjots or use in planting tiees and shrubs, also for dressing l)oxes in a cool Vinery. and digging into flower borders. If Sweet Peas wci-e sown in the autumn they French Beans, if required early, should be started should be kept as hardy as possible, a cold frame is in a warm house in i)ots of rich soil ; leave plenty the with light of room for topdressing when the plants are well most suitable place, plenty of and up. free ventilation. If not already sown the end of Peas and Bhoad Beans can now be sown on a the month is a good time to do so in either pots moist, warm border in good, rich soil. If mice are or boxes. Avoid having the soil too sow a troublesome to the seed cover with some fresh quarter of an inch deep, and press lightly, keep wood ashes as soon as they appear above ground covered until seed has germinated, then give full to protect them from the blast of cold cutting light and plenty of ventilation. winds they should be earthed up, and short Beech Violets in frames .shoidd be carefully attended twigs, with leaves on, for preference, put to the to, decayed leaves picked off, and a watering with Pea rows. A sowing of Peas should also be made soot-water will be found beneficial. in pots, or narrow- boxes. For planting out later Antirrhinums should be sown in boxes, and on. placed in a warm house, or on a mild hotbed; if Tomato anh Cucumher.—A small sowing should be large quantities are wanted for bedding they should for early supply grow in warm, even he sown at intervals, if not the picking out coming made ; a temperature free from draughts. all at one time may interfere with more important Rhubarb, Seakale and Chicory.—A batch of each work. Z.tLJtLZ

t^

H H M AN UNBROKEN CHAIN OF SUCCESS nURING 1921. Siid^ The numerous awards gained during the past year include n THE SHEKWOODCUPforthe M Most Meritorious Exhibit I trt at the R.H.S. Great Chelsea Show, in addition to 23 GOLD MEDALS for Flowers, Vegetables, etc. '' H M "SUTTON S GARDEN SEED CATALOGUE M for 1922" will be posted free on application.

Seed Growers and Merchants Mli^JO^H^i READING EDMONDSONS FOR Garden Seeds Seed Potatoes Garden Implements EDMONDSON BROTHERS 10 DAME STREET, DUBLIN Established 70 years Phone: Dublin 1721 (two lines)

iiiiii nil :

Yl IRISH GARDENING The Royal Horticultural and Arbori- Your Nurseryman cultural Society ol Ireland. Ask The Annual General Meeting was held at 5 Molesworth Street, Dublin, on December IGtli, or Seedsman 1921 Col. Sir Frederick W. Shaw, D.S.O.. in-esid- ing Resrets from the I'lesident. the Marquis of For the following Well Known and Highly Poweiscourt, K.P., and T.ord Headfort, Viscount Efficient Horticultural Preparations. Frederick FitzGerald wore read. The report, with statement of accounts, for the year ending I>ecem- by Mr. ber 21, 1921, being moved for adoption THE CHEAPEST INSECTICIDE OF THE DAY A. V. Montgomery, and seconded by Mrs. H. B. Moloney, was ado"pted iicm. con. On tlie propo- "NIQUAS" sition of Mr. D. MacLeod, .seconded by Mr. D'Oliei-, (NON-POISONOUSi IMPROVED of the Council were re- ein-ht retiring members A Concentrated Extr.TCt uf QunssLi, combined with otheivalu- were passed to the Press elected Votes of thanks able ingredients, forming a cheap, safe, and effective Insecticide Chairman. A First Class Certificate and to the for syringing and dipping. It destroys all Insect Pests Mr. F. Streeter, gardener to was awarded to infesting Trees and Plants, whiht no possible injury to vegeta- Esq., D.L., Straffan House, Co. B. H. Barton, tion can result from its use. Kildare, for very fine Cahmthe Veitchi and Ci/pri- It can beippliel with syring e or pump, or used for dipping. 2^etlhims shown at the meeting. Half, pint, '4; pint, '9 hilf-gallon, Prices— 1 2 3; quart, 3 ; 6'-; gallon, IT'-; five gallons, 36,'-; ten gallons, 62/6; Catalogues. twenty gallons, 1 20/- 1 gallon sufficient for So gallons of water. Daisy Hill Nurseries have for long licen famous for hardv plants of all kinds, and the new cata- is no STANDEN'S MANURE logues just to hand give evidence that there (Established over 35 Years) falliniT-off in the extent of the collections. Mr.'o. N. Smith has kindly sent us a copy of Exceeds all others in General Fertilising Properties and Staying his new Tree and Shrub catalogue, and we find Po\\ crs therein one of the finest collections of trees and Analysis on Application shrubs it would be possible to find anywhere. All Sold in Tins, 9d., 1 6, 3/9, 7/- each. Cheaper in Bulk. the best of the older kinds find a place, while the cream of the newer kinds is included without the For Fumigating in Greenhouses, rubbish sometimes listed as " Kovelties." Daisy Hill is particularly rich in peat-loving shrubs, or "LETHORiON" rather in members of the Ericaceae and allied orders which dislike lime, ornamental trees, IMPROVED METAL CONES Registered No. 62,597 slirubs. climbers, deciduous, and evergreen are destroy Insect Pests. The attached fully represented, and Conifers, including rare and To Candle to each Cone good things like H(i:re(j(ifhra riin.ipiriiii and Fif~- only needs lighting, and there is no furtlier trouble. They are roi/o pntiujonica are offered in great assortment. most efficacious. •It is a fine catalogue, and should be in the hands No. I. For frames and "lean-lo's" up to i,ooo cubic of all who are planting trees and shrubs on a feet. Price. lOd. each. large or small scale. No. 2. For small greenhouses up to 1,500 cubic feet. Price, 1 /3 each. Newry Roses. No. 3. For a well secured house of 2,000 to 2,500 cubic feet. Price, 1/9 each. This is another Daisy Hill publication devoted entirely to Roses, and while the best of the modern garden varieties of all sections is included, the old-fashioned garden roses are more numerous than FOWLER'S LAWN SAND This preparation is lur destroying Daisies and other weeds i.s to i)e fomid in mosT, catalogues, while few, if any. offer so manv Rose STJecies. All who love Roses on lawns and at the same time stimulating the growth of shinild have a copy of" this unique list. Both may the grass. If one tin is tried as a sample, its value will be be obtained from Daisy Hill Nurseries, Co. Down. at once appreciated. Sales are largely mcreasmg.

Tins, 1/6, 3/9 and 7/- each ; Bags, }{ cwt ,11/- Messrs. Sutton & Sons, the renowned seedsmen, ; >< cwt. 21/- ; I cwt., 39/- of Reading, England, have very kindly presented us with a copy of their Amnteur'a (riiide in ELLIOTTS Tlortiriiltiii-r for 1922. This is the sixty-seventh annual issue of this important work, a record of SUMIVIER CLOUD' SHADING which the firm may justly be proud, while it offers Registered Trade Mark No. 14 629. absolute proof oi the satisfactory quality of the (The only genuine original and improved article)

goods supi)l)ed over a long series of years. For Greenhouses. A pleasant green shade is given to the glass. vegetables, The first section is devoted to more In packets, 1/6 for loo feet of glass, and 4/- each for 300 feet. iihan ever important in gardens of any and every size. The famous strains of vegetable seeds offered by Messrs. Sutton for so many years are as fully Sole Manufacturers represented as ever, and we cannot illustrate the CORRY

UN: Uz Chrisanthemums

T

H. J. JONES was awarded for received, the Ryecroft Exhibit of = Clir\'saiitheimini.s ilie only GOLD Phlox at the R.H.S. was this Season S MEDAL given by the Royal Ilorti- twice awarded the Silver-Gilt Medal. = cultural Societ\' this season, also the wnly LARGE GOLD MEDALqiven H. J. J. will be pleased to make = b\- the National Chrvsanthemuni selections of the very best and most s Society at their Exhibition on Nov- distinct varieties at 10/-, 15/- and 20/- = ember 3rd, together with the Gold per dozen ; also a very tine selection = Medal offered by Messrs. Clay & Son of mixed unnamed varietiesfat 6/- per = at the same Show for the best Trade dozen. = lixhibu. Also the Grand Prize of Honour at tlie big International Ex- DELPHINIUMS. Finest hibition held in Le Mans, France, I named varieties at 12/- 1 8, and 24/- = and a Gold Medal for Mrs. Spencer per dozen. Chichester, the best bloom in the

Show. From these farts, it should WINTER - be to the obvious advantage of all FLOWERING | growers to increase their stock from PANSIES. These are ver\' hne; = they Ryecrofi. are flowering now, having with- = stood 15 degrees of frost without any ^ the injury. .In H. J. J. was also awarded only yellow, blue, and white, = - GOLD MEDAL given for a group 4, per dozen ; 25/- 100. = of Michaelmas Daisies at the R.H.S. All the above sent box, packing and = this season. H. J. J. will be pleased carriage free for cash with order. = to send one Jplant each of the 48 varieties exhibited in the group for H. ^"3 3s., or 12 very fane varieties for J. JONES' CATALOGUE | 10/-; 12 new varieties, 20/-; 12 newest of Gold Medal Chrysanthemums, = \arieties, 30/- Gold Medal Michaehnas Daisies, Gold = Medal Phlox, Delphiniums, Mont- ^ GOLD MEDAL PHLOX. bretias. Gladioli, etc., sent post free = In addition to the Gold Medals already for id. stamp. =

llllllllillllMltlnillllMiri Illiiirillr l liniliiMiillill

I H. J. Jones, Ryecroft Nurseries, LewishaiD, S.E.13 l

Hl'iiiiiiiiiiiiiilllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllinilllllllllilllllllillilllllllllllMllillllllillllllllllllllllllllllllllliliiiiiiiiii^ VI 11 IRISH GARDENING

Castle strains are well known. We note they are offering a new first early named Dunvcooii, which, after three years' trial, luis been officially declared immune from Wart Disease. The second part of Ihe Guide is devoted tn flowers, and we note that the famous strains of Antirrhinum, Clai-kia, l^arkspur, Godetia, etc., are Reduced Prices as prominent as heretofore, while greenhouse plants like Begonias. Calceolarias, Cinerarias, Gloxinias, Cyclamen, and Primula are offered in Prices of Abol Non-poisonous Insec- choice variety. ticide, Patent Syrmges and other There are many beautiful illustrations, many Specialities have been reduced as of them reproduced in colours, the whole produc- from January 2nd. Please ask your ing a charming effect. We confidently recommend a perusal of this sumptuous work, which may bo dealer for new lists. obtained by request from The Koyal Seed Establishment, Reading. Sold by Nurserymen. Seeds men, Florists, Ironmongers, Tlie rinnters' Guide, from Messrs. Lit

The following awards have been made to' Savoy Cabbages by the Council of the Royal Horticul- tural Society after trial at Wisley : — Award of .l/erii.—No. 10, New Year, sent by Messrs. Barr. Nos. 18, 19, 39 (award for earliness), Early Favourite, sent by Messrs. Dickson & CHRYSANTHEMUMS Robinson, Toogo'od and Barr. No. 22, Latest of Ah' price list and descriptive cata- All, sent liy Messrs. Watkins & Simpson. No. 2.3 is ready, (award for garden use), Bellville, sent by Messrs. logue of the above now Watkins & Simpson. No. 31, Selected Drumhead, and will be sent post free to all sent by Messrs. Dobbie. Nos. 49, 50, Ormskirk applicants. Late, sent by Messrs. Clucas and Messrs. Bees. Nos. 36, 37, Best of All. sent by Messrs. Watkins & S. Aish, Cissbury Nursery, Dunstable, Beds. Sinipso'n, Sydenham. Highly Commended.—Nos. 32, 33, Drumhead, sent by Messrs. Simpson and Messrs. Barr. No. iiilitllltiiiitiliiiiliiiilnlilitlliniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiHiiiiilllillliinliir 40, The Toogood, sent by Messrs. Toogood. Nos. 42, 43, Covent Garden Select Late, sent liy Messrs. Veitch and Messrs. Watkins & Simpson. No. 46, For Winter Spraying Ormskirk Late, sent liy Messrs. Scarlet. OF FRUIT TREES

I pi. : pt. qt. [ gal. Trials at Wisley, 1922. Use VI Fluid 1,6 2/3 3/9 6/9 11/6 The Royal Horticultural Society has arranged to Or XII All Winter Wash. Tins, 1 /8 each carry out at Wisley, dining 1922, trials of Stocks 16/6 dozen. for summer flowering outdoors. Sweet Peas of pink shades (including blusli, carmine, pale cerise, cream-pink, rose, salmon, and pink bicolors, For Garden Seeds, Potatoes picotees, striped and Haked varieties). Beet. and all Garden requirements Broad Beans, r.,eeks, and late Peas. Cataloo-ue. Seedsmen and others are invited to send one Consiilf our Free l)acket of each variety which they desire tried, to reach the Director, R. H. S. Garden, Wisley, Thos. McKenzie & Sons, Ltd. Ripley, Surrey (goods ria Hornsley, ^l. & S. W. Ry.), on or before January 31, 1922. Entry forms Great Brunswick Street, DUBLIN for any of these items may be obtained on appli- Free deliveries over a large area BY OUR OWN VANS.

cation to him. IIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII lltllllllllllllllllllllMII IIIIIIIIIIMIIIlllllllll|llllli= ! aEE-KEEPING MADE PROFITABLE Everr Bce-Keeper who desires success should read Death to the Weeds THE IRISH BEE JOURNAL (ESTABLISnED JMl). One gallon of Hoyte's Weed Otilcial Orgaa of the Irish and Adlllated Beekeepers' Associations. Killer makes 20 galls, of solu- THE ONLY BEE PAP'^>3 >m IRELAND tion for swaying Garden Received withontliusiastio apir.. iulatioiisat Homo and Abroad. Seud p«3l r> n Copy free. Paths, WalkKDrivcs, etc. "One of the brightest, in the Wd.! i .„Kaniny.-i (.American). 1 gall. 2 G, 5 gall^il/3. 10 galls. 20 - "One oJ the liveliest and bfst Apiarian Journals in all Europe. "-.4»wrican Bee-Keeptr. Tins charged extrx'and allowed for in Free. Monthly 2d. : 2s. 6d. per Annum, Post lull when returned.

Sole Makers TBE PRACTICAL BEE GUIDE. ?„eii5''"5".Vb;:'^t".;;oii on the subject yet publiahod. ::::o pages. 1,'.') illiistrations.

Paper cover, 3s. postage, -id. Linea cover, 4s. ; postage, 4(1. ; Hoyte & Son, Limited From the Office, IniSH Bee Jocrnal, Lough Rynn, l^romoU, and oi all ne\v.^.iL;eats. 16 LOWER SACKVi(LLE ST. :: DUBLIN "rrTr

HJIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIilllilitllllllllillllllllilllllllllllllllllilllllllltlllllH = *t Gardening'' Irish | Best Coals ^ AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY = ALSO = Offices—53 Sackville St., Dublin = Upper Gas Coke, Breeze & Slack = Subscriptions— 6/- per annum, post free. = Prompt am! i ireful attention to Orders. S Editorial. —All Editorial Communications, copy = = and photographs should be addressed to S S "The Editor." = Flower & McDonald = Business Communications.—All letters re- = = garding Subscriptions, Advertisements,, and zz 14 D'OLIER STREET, DUBLIN other business matters must be addressed = ^ Also at Mai.ahide, SieehRiEs AND. Balbriccan . > = " The Manager." = * Telegranis i DONALD, DUBLIN." Telephone No. Mt < > illllllilillllllillllllilllllllllllilllllllllllllllllllllllliillllllllllllli '

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«ge riUMlKBR. PBINTIR. nTTBLZV. mm't~:jM FEBRUARY. 192 SIXPENCE 1 Irish

Oerd "^^ n$

Contents

PAGE PAGE

The London Parks and Gardeat in the Rhodostachys andGaa . 20

Summer of 1921 . 13 January Flowers at Glasnevin . 20

Noles from Rostrevor . 17 Window Plants in Winter . 22

Notes from a Small Gardet . 18 Allotments . 22

The Autumn of 1921 . . 19 The Month's Work . 23

Arbutus Meuiesii , 20 Lardizabala biternata .24

Raphiolepis Delacourii . . 20 Illustrations 13, 16. 17, 21

""4;ff!)''' Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction for Ireland

LIST OF THE DEPARTMENT'S LEAFLETS

No. 1. The Warble Fly. No. 53. The Construction of a Cowhouse.

2. The Dee and Purchase of Feeding ,. 54. Out of F.-int. 3. Foot Rot in Slieop. fStuffs. „ 56. The Apple. 4. Out of Print. .. 66. Cultivation of the Root Crop. 5. Celery Leaf-Spot Disease or Blight. „ 67. Marketing of Fruit. e. Charlock (or Preshaugh) Spraying. .. 68. Sprouting Seed Potatoes.

7. Fluke in Sheep. ., 59. Testing of Farm Seeds.

8. Timothy Meadows. ., 60. Out of rrint.

9. The Turnip Fly. ., 61. Field Experiments—Wheat.

10. Wirewormg. ., 62, The Management of Dairy Cows. 11. Prevention of Wfelto Scour in Calvea. „ 63. " Redwatar " or " Blood-Murrain " in 12, Liquid Manure. Cattle. I . 13. Contagious Abortion in Cattle. „ 64. Varieties of Fruit Suitable for Cultiva- 14. Prevention of Potato Blight. tion in Ireland.

16. Milk Records. ., 65. Forestry : The Planting of Waste Lands

16. Sheep Scab. .. 66. Forestry ; The Proper Method of Plant 17. The Use and Purchase of Manures. ing Forest Trees.

18. Swine Fever. .. 67. Out of Print.

19. Early Potato Growing. .. 68. Out of Print. 20. Calf Rearing. » 69. The Prevention of Tuberculosii in 21. Diseases of Poultry :—Gapes. Cattle.

22. Basic Slag. .. 70. Forestry : Planting, Management, and 23. Dishorning Calves. Preservation of Shelter-Belt and 84. Care and Treatment of Premium Bulls. Hedgerow Timber. 25. Fowl Cholera. 71. Out of Print. 28. Winter Fattening of Cattle. 72. Out of Print. 27. Breeding and Feeding of Pigs. 73. The Planting and Management of 28. Blackleg, Black Quarter, or Blue Hedges. Quarter. 74. Some Common Parasites of the Sheep. £9. Flax Seed. 76. Barley Sowing. 30. Poultry Parasites—Fleas, Mites, and 76. American Gooseberry Mildew. 31. Winter Egg Production. fLiee. 77. Scour and Wasting In Young Cattle. 32. Rearing and Fattening of Turkeys. 78. Home Buttermaking. S3. Profitable Breeds of Poultry. 79. The Cultivation of Small Fruits. 84. Out of Print. 80. Catch-Crops. 36. The Liming of Land. 61. Potato Culture on Small Farms. 36. Field Experiment*—Barley. 62. Cultivation of Main Crop Potatoes. 87. „ „ Meadow Hay. 63. Cultivation of Osiers. SB. „ „ Potatoes. 84. Ensilage. 39. „ „ Mangels. 86. Some Iniurious Orchard Insects. 40. » t> Oats. 86. Dirty MiLk. 41. „ „ Turnips. 87. Barley Threshing. 42. Permanent Pasture Grasses. 88. The Home Bottling of Fruit. 43. The Rearing and Management of 89. The Construction of Piggeries. Chickens. 90. The Advantages of Early Ploughing. 44. " Husk " or " Hoose " in Calves. 91. Black Scab in Potatoes. 45. Ringworm on Cattle. 92. Home Preservation of Eggs. 46. Haymaking. 93. Marketing of Wild Fruits. 47. The Black Currant Mite. 94. Out of Print. 48. Foul Brood or Bee Pest. 96. Store Cattle or Butter, Bacon, and Eggs. 49. Poultry Fattening. 96. Packing Eggs for Hatching. CO. Portable Poultry Houses. 97. Weeds. 61. The Leather-Jacket Grub. 98. Tuberculosis in Poultry. 62. Flax Growing Experiments. 99. Seaweed as Manure.

SPECIAL LEAFLETS

No. 1-11.—Out of Print. No 19. Home Curing of Bacon. 12. DigRing and Storing Potatoes. „ 20. Out of Print. „ 18-17.—Out of Print. „ 21. Farmers and Income Tax. „ 18. Treatment of Allotments for the Growing „ 22. Out of Print. of Vegetables. 23. Palm Nut Cake and Meal. Coplea of the above LeafleU can be obtained, FREE OF CBABOE and post free, on application to the Seoietary, Dapartmeot of Agriculture and Technical Inatrnctlon for Ireland, Upper HerTion Street, Dnblln. I.etten of Application >o addrened nead not be atamped. Envelopea ehoald be marked "FabUcatloni." , -

Miscellaneous Section*

RICHARD C. McM. SMYTH, f.r.h.s, DESIGNS & LAYS OUT LAWNS & PLEASURE J. M. Veldhuyzen van Zanten GROUNDS, CONSTRUCTS PERGOLAS

THEY ARE THE BEST AND CHEAPEST

.\I,L HA Ml MADE

Artistic Fern Pans and Bulb Bowls WELLS' CATALOGUE State Quantities aiui Sizes required, and OF hare " Carriage Paid" quotation, or uriU for price List— FREE RICHARD SANKEY & SON, Ltd. CHRYSANTHEMUMS Royal Potteries, Bui well, Nottingham NOW READY

Post free on applicution To SEED W. WELLS & COMPANY JrH MERCHANTS MERSTHAWI, S U 1^ R £ Y

TF there is one kind of advertis f.oTg sHSfOj. ing which lends itself more than any other to artistic result- AUTO'SHREDS producing illustration it is iKe Is CERTAIN DEATH -.0 iesf- advertising of Seeds. inining Mag-.croK, Wliite Fly and The more you iiliistraSf the all Pests hifestuig PLiiils under better the results. We produce niass. Ill boxes lo fumigate l.t'OO

very beautiful Line, Tone, and cubic leet, 1/- ; 3,500 cubic feet, 111,001) feet (f(r ordin- Colour blocks for this purpose. 1 /9 ; cubic

an- Plants). 4 /6 ; 10,000 cubic feit PHONE,- IRISH PHOTO- (for lender foliaged Plants), 6/- roT^TD eacli. Obtained o/ all principal UBLIN -ENGP/IVING Seedsmen and Florisis. Makers:— ^132. 50 Mitjdle Abbey St. Dublin. W. Darlington & Sons, Ltd. BURNS ON TH£ CROUim HACKNRV. LONDON, E.S NO APPARATUS REOUtRCO ij Two New Raspberries ^ Telephone 154. Telegrams : Hawlmark. ^^ We offer these as " tbe last word" ia Raspberries. a<; they are oi quite exceptioDal merit aDd when better knowo will be g:rown in every garden.

— If well we have served you =; PYNES ROYAL tell Friends THE larg^esl raspberry in cultivation; 1 Please your E iho berries are often 4 inches in cir- mimferoiice, rich, red and firm. Its size has not detracted from its cropping: ^ If not lell us. We want everyone interested ^ powers, cis it bears heavily every year and in gardening to know ^ ^ will be found the most profitable of all sorts for market. It makes a veri^ richly ABOUT flavovu'ed jam, which we have proved to retain its ila\ our much better than ordinary = Our sorts. Canes, 1/6 each ; 12/- per dozen. = Famou: Hawlmark Seeds i PARK LANE = Of tested . Moderate in ^ The most delicious and richly flavoured

raspberry for dessert ; no other variety can = price. The result of the combined ^ compare with it for this purpose. The nz efforts of three generations of specialists. ^ fruit is red, round and larg-e, and the canes ^ They ought to be AND ARE the best = are of vig^orous g"rowth. We recommend ^ which can be produced. Our catalogue = it for private gfardens rather than for g;row- - ing to market. Canes, 9 per dozen ; ^ will te'.I you all about them, and can ^ 50/- per 100. •' — ^ be had post free on application. :: We ^row Lopauberry by the thousand. Other useful Berries to supplement the soit-huit season can also be supplied in quantity- including Lowberry, Phenomenal Berry. Laxtonberry. Japanese Wineberry. Himalaya Berry, and the Parsley-leaved and I Alex. Dickson & Sons, Ltd. | Wilson Junior Blackberries. CATALOGUE FREE LTD. E HAWLMARK, 61 DAWSON ST, DUBLIN ^ Wm. WATSON & SONS, Killiney Nurseries, Killiney, CO. DUBLIN ^lllillllllllllllllllllllllllllllllillllllllllllllJIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIirH

1 "HARDY IN ENGLAND-

H. J. Jones' Catalogue of Gold Medal Chrysanthemums. Gold Medal Michaelmas Daisies. Gold Medal Phlox, Delphiniums, Montbretias, Gladioli, etc.

SENT POST FREE FOR Id. STAMP.

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Have You a Garden ? sow DRUMMOND'S CELEBRATED Vegetable & Flower Seeds

A-ii'ii/'dcd over i,ooo Fi?-si Prizes sii/er n)oo

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and of leading to Every possessor- of a g-ardeii, .allot nient or small holding- oiighi to read it regularly, month Highest vigorous, by month. The Subscription for a year is only Quality and healthy, and 2/6 post free. Analysis fruitful growth. Seasonable articles on Insect Pests and Dis-

riiir Mannrps are the direct result nf many yeai-s practical eases appear each month. Articles on Trees experience i:i all brancliesof Horlkiilture, and after iner ID esliiiiatimi and Shrubs, Fruit, Potatoes, Roses, X'egelables, years on tlii' market, .= till licild hr-i j. lace in Ihe .if llnrlienllnrists all over tlie Avnrld for quality and results. Border and Rockery, Poultry Keeping and Bee Vine, Plant and Vegetable Manure— unrivallpd for all Keeping: are also included. 1-1 irarden erojis 1 cwl . 32/-; 5B ]ljs,17/-; 28JIib.,9,6; is catered for too. Chikircn tlelight in lli« .56:7 U.S.. 3/- ; tins, 1/6. Youth Special Top-dressing Manure, an excellent stininlant the Competitions which aim to instruct as well

.'.il - lli-. lbs . 3/- lb- . 17 ; iSllis., 9,6 ; U 5 6;? as amuse. 3*- H'i ife for our Booklet -jiust free on request "*S Busy Housewives turn to the Household Page Sold by Nurserymen and Seedsmen everyuhere, for the best and most orig:inal hints on cookery SOLE MAhEHf : Wm. Thomson & Sons, Ltd., Clovenfords, Scotland and home manag;ement. « ! I Each peison wishing i-- to receive a specimen copy (or copies) of " The CHRYSANTHEMUMS Busy Bee" should send 3d. stamps. Write to- 181b mill ST. My price li.st and descriptive cata- day —Lest you p'orget. lof^ne of the above is now ready, 11111111 LIVERPOOL. .aiiniiiliiiniiMiiiiiiniiMiii and will he sent post free to all applicants. HJi LH S. Aish, Cissbury Nursery, Dunstable, Beds. CANT S LOOK GUARANTEED ALL BRITISH GROWN <;.)0(.I Cotton Nettings, small inesli. for garden nets, puultiy runs and tennis coiuts. 20yrfs. by 1. 2s. 6(1.; 4ityds.'by 1. 5s.: 20yds. by 2, 5s.; 40yds. by 2. 10s.; and ROSES any len,i;th nr width required. If lines top and bottom, Id' per yard extra for 2 lines. Sib. parcels odd lengths, for bush prtitection, 4s. Carriage paid, casli with order 1 he following Collections will be Carriage accompanies order : J. M. BREEDS, Net Shop, Rye, Sussex Paid if cash DWARFS

Ho^N does your Gariten Grow 9 You must

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to give a satisfied answer.

Send to-day lo Ureal BniiisTt'iri' S/ree/, Dublin, for free Cahdngue. Only n pos/citrd / 77u' /jrs/ slep to Garden contentment. ' !-«) BY TO HIS MAJESTY APPOINTMENT THE KING MACKENZIE & MONCUR LIMITED HOTHOUSE BUILDERS & HEATING ENGINEERS ELECTRICAL. ENGINEERS AND IRONFOUNDERS

Registered Office and Works, BALCARRES STREET, EDINBURGH Iron Foundry SLATEFORD ROAD, EDINBURGH LONDON 8 CAMDEN ROAD, N.W. GLASGOW 121 ST. VINCENT STREET HOTHOUSES, HEATING, ElEGTRiG LIGHTING, IRON FOUNDING Surveys Made Estimates and Plans Supplied

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W. RICHARDSON s Co SPECIALIST^ IN THE

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Plans and Estimates prepared fret- of cost Large Catalogue of photographic views of Horticultural Huildings DARLINGTONfree on application (LONDON OFFICE: Albert Mansions. 92 Victoria St., S.W.I; 1 IRISH GARDENING A MONTHLY JOURNAL DE\'OTED TO THE VOLUME XVI ADVANCEMENT OF HORTICULTURE AND FEBRUARY No. 192 1922 ARBORICULTURE IN IRELAND Editor -J. W Besant.

i'^^";

The London Parks and Gardens in the Summer of 1921.

At the latter end of August last, through the a tale of struggle for moisture, but here and there generosity and foresight of uiy employers, I was cropped up une.xpectedly a dark green mop-headed enabled, in company with an hortieultural friend, Acacia in the lustiest of health, while the Ijondon to make a tour of inspection of the greater London Plane, .Sulishuiin iiilinntifolio, I'opuhts nifjiti and Parks. Eh'dijnii.i nuri'd proclaimed their indifference to The London Parks in the sunnuer of 1921 will the arid weather coaditions. be long remembered by those who saw them as The " Serpentine " presented a refreshing streak

IMisx K. r. Ibis unguicularis flowering in .Janiiary, Ri Botanic Gardens, Dublin.

something of the desert nature. A drought of many with its happy boating parties; and the far-famed months' duration had crippled many trees and " Rotten Row," with its distinguished and well- shrubs, exterminated others of the shallow-rooting moimted riders, proved a variation in an otherwise types, and baked the sward into a bare surface scorched and dismal park. Before passing into akin to metal. Gardening under such conditions Kensington Gardens we called at the Store yard, was more a nightmare than a pleasure, but the where an official conducted us round the different able and thoughtful officials, under such severe departments, explaining the methods of stock keep- conditions, had worked wonders in serving the ing, repair work and the thousand and one things public with floral displays; indeed, the compen- that go to maintaining a large public park. sative laws were never mori' clearly exemplified The propagating department is a most extensive than in those central recreative areas—the London one, and when one considers the thousands of Parks. plants required to plant the different Parks of St. In Hyde Park the partially defoliated trees told •James, Green Park, Hyde Park, and Kensington H IRISH GARDENING

Gardfns, the need for such an extensive depart- and its adjoining eminence, " Primrose Hill," ment is understood; not only the work of to-day where Mr. liay pointed out many interesting land- must be done, but it must also be recognised a3 marks in ]-ondon, this being one of the highest the work of next year, for here the foundation of points of IS'oith London tiie pu.hlic have a dial future fioral displays are laid, and if they are to fixed with index I'Ointer to many of the most be a success they must be truly and solidly laid. famous London objects. The roaxls in Regent's Kensington Gardens proved that tliis particular Park are of tarred surface .similar to those of the propagating department had done its work well, Phoenix Park, but the mi thod of application is as the flower beds and borders were gay with different, the Regent's Park lieing by horse- colour and freshness, most of the subjects being drawn tank and pump spray, while the" Phoenix drawn from the houses when in full flower to Park method is that of steam engine with steam replace those ordinary plants which the excessive power spray pump. The latter covers great areas drought had destroyed. Celosias of varied hues, in the shortest possible time with a minimum of hiliums, etc., were being planted in full flower, inconvenience to the public; a matter of great and tlie pviblic, while enjoying the display, were importance ;vs any lady who has encountered a certainly not aware of the great efforts nuide to tarring machine in process of spraying can testify. provide this floral feast. The Zoological Garden was next visited, and The Dutch garden at Kensington Palace was gay proved to be a place of great interest; while claim- with colours, hardy annuals being in evidence ing to be the premier Zoo of Great Britain, this everywhere, while the familiar Aster and Antirr- garden can lay claim to being one of the brightest hinum in mass made their presence felt from and best kept flower gardens in London, and is an every peep-hole of the lime hedge fence. The inidoubted attraction to Regent's Park. Still whole area of Kensington Gardens reflected great under the guidance of Mr. Hay we visited the credit on Mr. Gardiner's capable management, Royal Botanic Gardens, Regent's Park, where we while the historic features with their sentimental met the Curator, who was in turn showing us links connecting the past with the present give round the grounds (which he hopes to see one day the visitor much food for reflection. worthy of their name) when darkness set in, and Regent's Park, the next on our programme, ended our peregrinations for the day. cannot claim to be fidl of landscape beauty, but Critically inclined we compared the respective it is a place of great importance to the Londoner, merits of the London and the Dublin Parks, and, and its Superintendent, Mr. T. Hay, has, by his in spite of the adverse weather conditions in horticultural ainlity and striking personality, pro- Ijondon, naturally awarded the first place to duced in tins Park (for the short time he has been Dublin. in control* something that both the general and Hampton Court Palace was on our programme the horticultural public like in novel ideas, artistic next, and in glorious weather we piirsued our way arrangement and new subjects. to this historic place. Time only permitted aii First of all, Mr. Hay knows how to interest the inspection of the gardens and grounds here; the public; secondly, the day a horticultural friend pretty Dutch garden possesses similar features to visits him daylight ends only when his interesting those of its kind, the lime hedge l>oundary fence, subjects liave been shown, and his original ideas with its trinuned peep-holes and the kaleidoscopic propounded. In short, he is an enthusiast with a colour effects in the gaiden, interest the ordinary mission to make the most of whatever he has in visitor greatly. hand; and our visit was made full of pleasure by The great 'Vine, famous to every newspaper the way our host laid bare every detail of park reader, is the ordinary "Vine that we all know, management. ibut the fact that it fills a large house by itself, The flower beds and borders were suffering, like was planted 15;j years ago, and is full of vigour and others in London, from the extreme heat, but their prolificacy .still, entitles it to rank as no ordinary brightness proved unremitting care had been the Vine. No visitor to Hampton Court leaves with- daily order of things. Large vases of Ivy leaf out seeing this famous plant, and the small toll Geraniums, tumbling in cascade-like wreaths over of one penny charged for a view must produce their respective pedestals, looked gay; borders of funds enough to pay for its cultivation. Dahlias, and beds of Geraniums, with sub-tropical The famous herbaceous borders with their speci- beds of Cannas and Palms on every hand, empha- ally grown occupants provide a very fine feast of sised the scorched condition of the grass lawns. flowers; wide and long as they are, thousands of Mr. Hay conducted us to the propagating de- plants are employed to produce the sununer dis- jilay; partment, a well-conducted orderly nursery, with grojps of Jlijdivii'iiii puiiiciihtld , specially an extensive range of houses large and small. Here grown, were most effective. Eujidfui'iuni pur- we saw a new variety of winter-flowering Pansy puif'um, Melfiiium S'lrcrsinn Jieaiifi/. I'hlox La in process of being built up—said to be of American I'erle, Heler>ium pwmUo, Chelone Lyoni, Phlox origin— it is likely to revolutionise spring bedding Hiiigstroom, liiidhcckia laciiiidta fl. pi. were some if its claim to flower right through the early spring of the more effective groups in this nol>le border. months is verified. Anyway, Mr. Hay has many The flower beds, which are on a big scale, were thousands with which to test the validity of the well planted in original designs, for the most part assertion. self-coloured, and being free from the atmospheric Some new Hollyhock strains were also in effects of the metropolitan area, the flowers were evidence here, and in one of the houses we espied superior in vigour and purity of colouring. a mass of red Begonia fulgens being raised for A bed of semi-double pink Begonias, with dot next summer's bedding. This is quite the finest plants of Lfiicoplii/ton lirairnii through it, was of the small-flowered tuljerous-rooted types of most effective. This Begonia on inspection proved bedding Begonias, and practically unknown to the to be a Hampton Court selected form. public. Mr. Hay thinks highly of it, and intends Another taking bed was one of the dark red to make a big display in next summer's bedding licfjonia Lafayette over a carpet of Jjcucophytoii arrangement. Incidentally I may remark that we Brownii. in Dublin also hope to see .something of it. That fine zonal P

IRISH GARDENING IS

many others too numerous In name here went to ference, and the dried specimens in the Herbarium make up a very gay pictui. comprise over 2,000,()(H). The greatest collection A sheet of water of rectangular formation flanked in existence. by Beech trees running away trom tlie llowcr lawn It will be readily understood that only outstand- gave a novel avenue-like eftcit,, as indeed did the ing featia-es could be inspected in the short time prevailing method of the planter of those days, allowed by our i"'ogr;:mme, and we ac'cordingly in treating all liis trees in avenue formation; confined our attention for the most part to outdoor wherever one looked the planting was in avenue subjects. or parallel lines. The drought had played havoc here as elsewlnrrc, A time-table permits no plants compared unfavoural>ly leaving the jjleasant side of Hampton Court, with with similar ones at (ilasnevin; indeed the latter, a peep through the exquisiti- wrought iron gates while not comparable in extent, were voted in on to the beautiful reach of the Thames, gay with every case superior to those seen at Kew. dainty white painted flower-bedecked "house- The lake at Kew covers an area of several acres, boats, wo passed on to Bushy I'ark, there to take and is instructive and beautiful by reason of its a view of the famous Clicstunt Avenue, so well marginal treatment and its collection of water known to sightseers when in bloom. To pass from birds. It.5 water supply is derived from the Hampton Court to Kichmoml Park, a few miles Thames by a culvert system. apart, gives one as great a contrast as it is possible The bamboo garden contains many fine speci- to obtain; both fidi of liistdi i of that name. be a veritable collection of flints, luit when Mr. To those who have not visited Kew it might Bedford informed us that the wonderful specimens be described as an Encyclopajdia of Horticulture, of fruit trees, etc., so well grown and .shown in the dating (as a botanic garden) to" 1759-60, it covers past, were grown without the assistance of farm- an area of 288 acres, and at present contains 24,000 yard manure, we were almost dumbfounded. living species and varieties of plants, drawn from With the exchange of notes, and the varied ex- every quarter of the globe ; from this vast assem- periences revealed, it is quite certain that the blage any student has unlimited means for re- future of horticulture is safe in the hands of such —

i6 IRISH GARDENING

men as Mr. Kothschild and liis enthusiastic gar- proper we passed through a creation of Mr. dener, who has worlced liis way to the liead of his Hay's, when Superintendent at Greenwich, in the profession in the London distriet. To Mr. and nature of a dell planted with the choicer Chinese Mrs. Bedford we felt deeply indebted for their shrubs and trees. This feature was an agreeable kindness, and said goodbye in the hope that one and instructive one, well grown and nicely ar- aay we nii^ht reoiproeatc their hospitality. ranged. The nursery and propagating department Our next visit was made in fine weather to the at Greenwich is 'a compact, well-managed one. historic Royal Park of Greenwich, famous to every The foundations of new strains of plants likely to one as the centre from which the world's time is be of value in public ijarks were being laid here taken. notably tlie new winter-flowering Pansy and Approached from the lower or dock side en- Begonia seedlings. We shall certainly hear more trance this park is not imposing, and the grass- of tliese fhowers in the near future. less surface and partially leafless trees made it The old sweet Chestnut trees are a striking appear worse. feature of this park, many of wliich have interest- Mr. Campbell, the Superintendent, kindly placed ing histories. The famous old " Queen Elizabeth's himself at our disposal and soon piloted us to the Oak " is one of the old links with a connected brighter parts of the park. story preserved from the ages. The flower garden portion was a revelation, in- Leaving Greenwich Park, with thanks to Mr. Campljell for his kindness, we crossed London to visit the premier park in the London Co. Council trust—viz., Battersea. This beautiful park occupies an ideal site on the right bank of the River Thames, and serves as a breathing area for a large industrial population, and it well deserves its uudoid)ted popularity. From a. horticultural point of view it possesses features all its own; in its monopoly of using Palms and other exotic plants for sunnner bedding schemes; these plants carefully grown ana gradually hardened to outdoor conditions in early summer are planted in sheltered places near the lake, which occupies a considerable area, and the tropical effect is reminiscent of a South Sea Island scene rather than that of a park in the centre of London. Opinion may differ as to the correct grouping of these tropical subjects, but there can lie no difference of mind as to the pleasing effect these plants give to the visitor on a hot sunnner day. An old English flower garden with Pergola and central water fountain is an attractive and refresh- ing feature, especially during the hot weather pre- vailing at the time of our visit. The public desire for such sports as cricket football, bowling, etc., is well catered for, good ])itche3 and greens being provided for each, and, judging from the numbers taking part in these games, the provision is much appreciated by a well-disciplined puljlic. Boating on the lake is a favourite pastime, and yields a handsome revenue to the Council who sujjiilies the boats. The niu'sery and propagating houses were laid open to our inspection by one of the senior officials who explained the details, and in many ways we were surprised at the extensive nature of the W.\LK, People's RocKKUY Gardens, Phcenix P.4kk, operations. The explanation that this centre pro- Dublin. vides the necessary plants for many other sub- deed it proved an " oasis " in a desert, the areas inunediately set us right. beautifully kept beds were full of plants, vigorous One feature exists in this park to brighten the and happy, nmch as one would expect to see them A\ inter months, and consists in setting aside a large in the free air of a coruitry place. glass house for flowering Chrysanthemums. This A long well-arranged border in front of a .shrub- pleasure is very much appreciated by the public. bery contained a fine collection of the best forms On the whole 3Battersea Park is one of no mean of the Dahlia, while large masses of Antirrhinum order. made other points gay with colour. Finsbury Park was on our list for the following A point of much importance was the .?omewhat day, and we were fortunate in seeing this N.E. iniusual practice of lifting plants in full flower London park at its best in fine weather; consider- from the reserve nursery beds, to make goocl ing its high altitude the freshness of its trees and failures caused by the 'extreme drought, this shrubs was rather a surprise. This happy state is system, we were told, proved quite satisfactory. explained by the fact that the subsoil of the park The flower bedding carried out here was on a is heavy I,ondon clay, a medium very retentive higher standard than some we had already seen of moisture, and evidently both trees and shrubs in London, and on leaving the flower gard^in had drawn their moisture from this source by —

IRISH GARDENING 17 means of capillary attraction during the excessive Notes from Rostrevor. and prolonged drought. A long avenue flanked by hlack poplar trees was MiuwiNTCR is nut the moment when plants are imposing, by reason of their great stature and expected to come into bloom, and yet there is quite fresh green foliage, doubtl.'ss accentuated by the a fair number that select this time to display their scorched sward underneath. charms. Some perliaps have done so this year a The Superintendent, Mr. Wright, who belongs little earlier than is usual with them, on account the present season; to a well-known horticultural family, is a most in- of the general mildness of but teresting man, and gave u^ freely of his 40 years' they have only forestalled their accustomed time experience in the London Parks, indeed his flood by a week or two, and they are all of special in- terest, even if some are not very conspicuous, of knowledge proved to X»' of the most instructive nature, his painstaking nut hods of explaining the because of their winter activity when nature .seems particular features most pr.pular with the public, to be asleep, and when so nuich else is ajjparently

lifeless. be noted : — and his way of dealing with specific needs was. Among trees and shrubs may fiarciicocca pniiiifdimis >'. ruscifrAid, to my mind," a gift of a cumulative preference share and allied to L'uju^tntm rinttii. Sl:immia ohhitrj in a lifetime's park management. the Box tree, Veitchii, lirrhcris japonicn, soft pale An artificial lake nicely" laid out and treated in and with a a natural way with marginal plantings is an at- traction to the public wlio indvilge in boating, much to the benefit of the park revenue. Tlie flower bedding has niany distinctive features and if not conceived on a large, bold scale, i.s everywhere in good taste. Mr. Wright may well regret leaving this pretty and well-ordered park to take charge of the premier park at Battersea, to w-hicli he has just been pro- moted. Next on our programme was the Victoria Em- bankments and St. James's Park. The former has not returned to its pre-war glory, and our time was occupied in inspecting, amongst other things. a strikingly effective colour mass of 22.000 Ger- anium Paul Crampel, planted in sixteen beds close by the Queen 'Victoria Memorial in front of Buck- ingham Palace. The gigantic scale on which the grand white statue is built, and its historic surroundings, de- mand a similar floral scale, and this bold scarlet conception seems to have supplied the need. Much more could be written of the London Royal Parks, and many more days could have been spent visiting the numerous London County Council Parks, but the above are fairly representative of tlie whole. We saw the London area at the greatest possible disadvantage—viz., after an unprecedented drought of nearly five months, and after considering and allowing fully for the disability, and a previous knowledge of the London parks, dating back to nearly 25 years, I am fully convinced that for freshness, vigorous growth, and purity of colour- ing, the Dublin floral displays are first; that in a large measure may be traceable to the more favourable climate and atmosphere. The bedding conceptions and general treatment of the Dublin The L.\ke, People's Gardens. Phcenix P.ahk. public parks and gardens, however, have no ad- Dublin. vantage in that respect, and they are certainly equal, if not superior, to anything seen in London. yellow inflorescence that emerges out of a thick The practical handling of roads, footpaths, leathery pinnate foliage. But, better than these, fences, forestry, etc., leaves nothing to be desired are Lonirtiti fnujidntissirna, and its near kinsman in Dublin when compared with London. L. Standishii, with pretty pure white flowers and The propagating houses in the Phoenix Park, yellow anthers, both deliciously scented and doubly while perhaps modelled on the London plan, stand welcome on this account at this dead season. More- right away in general maintenance and orderly over, Panotiu jiersica. red, Hdinamelis mollis, methods from anything we saw in London. rich yellow, H. arhorea, primrose with a carmine Since visiting the London Parks I have seen centre, are also in bloom, II. japonicn zuccari- some of the parks and open spaces of Newcastle- iiidiia, yellow, is just about to open, while H. on-Tyne. Edinburgh and Glasgow, and while they viiginicn, also yellow, and Loropefnhnn chincnse, had not suffered by reason of drought to the same white, are over. These very interesting plants extent as London, I can only reiterate that belong to the same order, and are remarkable for Glasnevin Botanic Gardens, St. Stephen's Green their curiously-shaped flowers, like tiny coloured Park, and Phoenix Park occupy the very happy strings of various dimensions. To these may be position of being second to none I saw. added : Aztiin intrgrifolia, with numerous bright Nemo. yellow flowerets disposed along the underside of 19th December. 1921. the branchlets and .scented like vanilla; Hakea — — GARDENING i8 IRISH

as It is a pale green in summer and golden in winter. puiiionifonnis, white, with awl-shaped leaves dark green Allies religiosa is also from Mexico and develops sharp as needles; AiithylVis ISaiha J oris sulphur-coloured rapidly; A. bracteata from California, .1. Vcitrhii foliage and bearing heads of variety from Japan, and A. Webbiana from the Himalayan olover- Erini cainia, pink, and its white a cross region, the latter with dark Ijlue cones, are well nibu both small; the larger E. Injhnda. known; so also are A, concolor and its variety, between meditcrmnfu and cornea, also pink; the white ]Vallczi, with sulphur-coloured young shoots; .4. tree Eucalyptus conhtta, with numerous little lihodo- Delavayi and A. Faxoniana are new from China tassels; and last but by no means least, and promise well. Picca asperata and its varieties, dendron mucronulatum and Rh. parvifoUum, both as well as other species of Suruces, are also new purple. , , , , ^ introductions from China. A well-grown tree of But there are more wmter-blooiuiing plants, and that the Himalayan P. Morinda is a handsome object one of the most welcome New Year gifts in the woods and well worth "rowing. P. pungcns nature has to offer is Cyclamen Coum, a quickly- glauca and Ccdrus utlantica glauca are remarkable spreading little species from Greece and Asia for blue-tinted foliage. The same, even more pro- Minor, quite hardy, which opens early in .lanuary nounced, is to be seen in Cupressus kashmiriana, and forms a charming carpet of bright carmine, one of the best of the Cypresses, but it does not very conspicuous, and contrasting well with the seem to be hardy everywhere; C. glabra is also green foliage. Crocus chrysantha and C. versicolor glaucous, and C. lau-sonianu Flctchcri is desirable alba are also in flower; so too Aponoycton dtsta- its fine foliage; the new C. formosana bids fair chyon, the Cape Pond Weed, sometimes called for to become an acquisition, green-shaded brown. C. Winter Hawthorn on account of its perfume. The scmpervircns and its variety fasiigiata are both ordinary and the plaited Snowdrop, Galanthus to be commended where they will grow freely; nivalis and G. plicatus, and the Winter Aconite, there is specimen here, no record when jjlanted, Eranthis hyemalis, have begun to appear some- a now more than 70 feet in height with a girth of what earlier than usual, us well as E. cilicica, 4 feet 10 inches, measured 5 feet from the ground; which is now pushing up its yellow spikes; but those who have seen these magnificent and stately the full effect of these common and well-known trees in the south of Europe can well appreciate favourites will not be seen till a little later. how much they add to the beauty of the land- Tecophilcva cyanocrocus is a rare bulb from the scape. Juniperus Ccdrus from the Canaries ap- Andes of South America, difficult to grow in the pears to be hardier than was at first generally open, and not easy to obtain. I am trying to supposed ; planted in the position it now occupies increase it under glass, to get enough to make eleven years ago, a specimen here is now some 25 another attempt at outdoor culture. It is now in feet high. ./. pachyphlxa. is another species with flower and very beautiful it is; the colour varies, silvery foliage; and Tsvga diversifolia is one of some are pure gentian hlue with a small white the best of the Hemlock Spruces, but one does not centre, a few are purple, and others are white often see it in cultivation. In fact there are many tipped with blue. One would like to get it in Conifers that do not seem to be sufficiently grown large quantities, even if it cannot be acclimatized in the more favoured parts of the country; it is and has to be kept under glass; it seems to dread not possible to name them all. but perhaps the the damp rather than the cold of our climate. following list may be of interest ; Dacrydiinn Another interesting species is a new Tricyrtis, T. Colensoi, JD. cupiressinum, Pliyllocladvs rhomboi- stolonifcra, introduced by Mr. Elwes from the dalis, P. trichoma noidcs, Pododcarpus alpina, P. Island of Formosa, which is, I think, likely to chilina, P. Xageia, Prumnopitys elegans, Saxe- prove hardy; it has just flowered in a frame. It gothca conspicua, Torreya californica , T. nurifcra, has been outside, but had to be taken in because all of which belong to the Yew order; while the unfortunately it was badly attacked by slugs. A rest are groujsed within the Pine order. Actinos- good deal of the fruit has already disappeared, but trobus pyramidalis, Athrotaxis laxifolia, A. selagi- some still remains on Cotoncaster rotundifolia and noides, CaUitris oblonga, G. robusta, C. tasmanica, C. rugosa Henryi. A plants, however, introduced Cunninghamia sinensis, Glyptostrobus hctero- a few years ago as a Cotoneaster, but now re- j}hyllus, Ketclecrin davidiana, Libocedrtis doiiiana, cognised to be a Pyracantha, and called P. L. macrolepis, Hciadqpitys verticillata, Taxodium angustifolia, is now at its best with evergreen mucronatum. Tetraclinis articulata.. foliage of a pleasing shade, and with large bunches .1. R. OF B. of .bright orange berries. It seems to want a wall to bring out the full colour of the frnit, and it is then a very handsome object which is likely to Small last for some time, as the birds seem to leave it Notes from a Garden. unmolested. By R. Llovd Pi!.\egee. Conifers perhaps attract attention moTe at this season than at other times. Pinus Ayacahvife, P. A Dwarf Veronica salicifolia. Buonapartea, P. Montezvmx, P. pntvla, P. pseudo-patula, P. Pseudo-Strohus, are all them The queerest thing that my garden has produced desirable Mexicans, which do well in Ireland; the (in so small a patch little in the way of novelty can first two were at one time supposed to be identical, be expected) is a shrubby Veronica which appeared but are now held to be distinct. P. caiwrirnsis as a seedling, and which by its leaves (it has never seems to be hardy, but P. longifolia from North flowered) belongs to V. salicifolia. But this species India is more difficult to acclimatize. The newly is about the largest of the genus, often attaining imported P. yunnanensis is likely to become a eight or ten feet, whereas after five years' growth favourite on account of its bright-coloured branch- my oddity remains a tiny, dense shrub of about lets and conspicuous spring buds, and if as appears, a foot high, with leaves only an inch long. It is it proves to be absolutely' hardy, it will lie useful comparable to two other dwarfs of Irish origin <>ven as a wind-screen, being of bushy and very a tiny Esrallonin rubra . of about the same stature, dense growth. P. sylvestris auren is somewhat of which, I believe, originated as a branch upon a a curiosity; very slow-growing, and not likely to normal shrub in the late Mr. H. C. Hart's delightful nttain to the same size as the type (Scotch Pine), garden at Carrablagh on Lough Svvilly, and a simi- — —

IRISH GARDENING ^9

aggressive and pei.sistent carpeters as the smaller lai- dwarf of Oleaiia muiii>,!onta, whose origin, 1 Cijtukia Aariuts, are Ijelieve, was, curiouslv enonith, in tlie same garden. and which lowland settlers The Escallonia flowers freely, but 1 have never of a war-like disposition; yet the grass has beaten seen bloom on the dwarf Olearki, in which respect them out every time. But an unexpected plant is now proving its capacity for meeting the grass it resembles my Veronica. These dwarf forms and similar abnormalities have a considerable bio- on equal terms. It is that pretty little ramping Veronica roundish-cordate fresh logical interest. When they originate as a branch fiJiformis, with green hairy leaves wealth of very pale blue on a normal shrub they can usually be propagated and a flowers in spring, which most people grow, but for only from cuttings, as if grown from seed they which few to a name. It is spreading return to the normal, but when they originate as seem have rapidly grass, does not mind the seedlings they generally retain their peculiar through the liit, next spring will a characters in successive generations when grown lawn mower a and make rather jsretty feature, I fancy. from seed. If my Veronica flowers I shall hope to try the experiment, as .so queer a break-away might have curious children. The Autumn of 1921. the Drought. Plants that Enjoyed It is the 6th of November, the wind has at last It would be very easy Ui compile lists of plants shifted to the north, and we had a local shower which strongly objected to the remarkable drought of hail. It would seem, therefore, that winter is of last summer, though in Ireland few things at hand, and the long protracted gardening season where well-rooted disliked the season's ills so much of 1921 is over. And what an amazing season it it as to fly to others that they knew not of. But has been ! Yesterday I walked round my garden is not so easy to name plants which actually liked and found it quite impossible to realise that it the drought.' Succulent plants generally belong was the 5th of November. On the garden walls to more southern climes and drier climates than were Roses—Devoniensis, Cramoisie, Laurette ours, and most of them bore the unusual dessica- Messimy, W. A. Richardson, Bouquet d'Or, Old tion with equanimity, but I did not observe that Chinas and others—mostly in full flower. At their any of them seemed actually to benefit by it; on feet Dwarf Polyantha Roses, such as Cecile the contrary, many of them, such as Sedums, Brunner, w-ere flowering bravely surrounded with showed distinct signs of lieing uncomfortable. But Mignonette and honey-scented Alyssum. Further I noted a few species which certainly did much on another wall is covered with yellow winter more than usual last season, and as they are all .lasmine and Rose " Queen Mab," both in full plants of warmer and drier countries, it may be flower. At their feet the last of the Michaelmas assumed that the unusual weather was the cause. Daisies are flopping down and partly covering the Ephedra (jerardiana—quite a desert type—grew flowers of Iris sti/hixa. Sweet Peas, now over eight twice as much as in any season of the last ten, feet high, are still liearing a few flowers, and almost and fruited for the first time; its ally, E. altissima, every bed and border has odd splotches of colour from Morocco, also did unusually well. Genista a few Delphiniums, Oriental Poppies, and even spdthulata made much greater growth than in Carnations, and so on all the way down to the the several previous years I have had it. Iris rock garden. Here further surprises awaited me. ui}guicularis {— stylosa), from Portugal, is, I The Saxifrages and Daffodils, which usually believe, flowering everywhere this winter as it brighten my garden in March and April, were this seldom has done before. My Chlmonanthus fra- season in full flower in February, and I antici- ijrans (Japan) is this year covered with flowers pated that the garden would be bare after June, about fifty for every one I have had in any but not a bit of it, the rock work has been gay previous season. These few examples I think are all the summer and early autumn, and now, in directly attributable to the season; I hope other November, so many plants are in flower that I gardeners will supply further examples. No doubt feel bound to record them. Aubrietia, Antirrhinum it will only be when next flowering season is well (jhitinosum, AJyssiim alpina, Aster Townshendi, A. advanced that we shall be able to judge fully the Thomsoni, A. diffusus, Arabis procnrrens, A. Sturii, effect of the unusual ripening that the woody Boiaoo laxifloia, Calamintha alpina, Cydonia things in particular received during 1921. Maidei, C. Simoni, C. pyijma:a. Campanula Tiurghalti, C. Istriaca, C. tianjanica, C. IT'. H. Paine, C. Orosseki, C. Alaskana. ('. Poitenschla- Plants of the Lawn. giana, Corydalis lutea, Dianthus dcltoidcs, D. My lawn measures eleven yards by four. The Marie Pia, Erica alpina, E. inediterranea, E. raison d'etre of these dimensions is that the vagans, E. cilaris, E. tetralix, E. Veitchii, E. dining-room carpet is less than this, and my stricta, all in full flower. E. carnea just ready to peace treaty requires that the area of the former open, and the big Connemara Vahrecias with odd should be greater than the area of the latter; this blossoms; Erinus alpinus, Erodiiim Sihthorpii, sounds like a Euclidian postulate, but has, in fact, Erigeron caiicasicus, E. mucronatus, Erigoiium a hygienic, not a mathematical, basis. With my umbellatum. Erysimum oJpiiiHS, E. Siliiricmn, craze (as it is designated by the lady of the Geranium sangnineum, G. Wallichianum, Gen- carpet) for introducing things everywhere, even tiana sino-ornata, Hypericum reptaiis, H. fragile, this blob of greenery does not escape, and I have H. olympicum. Ibevis gibraltarica, I. " Little often tried to naturalize carpeting plants among Gem," Linum Austriacum, Lithospermum pro- the lawn grass. Why should not the lawn, especi- stratum. Linnria pallida, L. Hendcrsoni, Malra- ally in the vicinity of the alpine garden, suggest, sfrum lateritium. Meconopsis cambric

Itosa Lauicnciana, .Sec. Fcrtiinei, Sidiiin imhrhel- better known 1{. indicu and 1{. japonira, forming >'. lum.

Heaths are now becoming i.iominent. Erica dar- are carrying a crop of black berries at the same

lei/eiisis leading the way, a ; mly deliglitfnl plant time. whose racemes of rosy pink flowers never isale; Among herbaceous plants flowering in .Tanuary, although often flowering in i ;irly winter it was not the Hellebores are prominent. Not only the well- noticeably earlier than iisn.il tliis season. Erica known Christmas Uo.se H. niycr, and its many cariwa, too. is beginning to njake a show, and the varieties, liul many others, are now flowering, in- many forms which go under various names, such cluding //. atronihriis with deep, red flowers, U.

View ix thk Roy.\l Botaxic Gajuif.ns, Drr.i.iN. Pyrus floribunda in foregkound. as firarili.s. King George, Qet n Mary, etc., have colchicux, plum coloured; //. orientalis, rose ijuftafiis, been attractive for some time , and will continue, coloured; H. white; and many varieties unless the frost which has set in as I write proves and hybrids of these species. These are all strong- unduly severe and prolonged. growing, free-flowering plants which flourish for Uncommon beautiful shrulis are the Sarrncocrxi.i years undisturbed, and are admirable for growing belonging to the Euphorbia family. They are among shrubs, on banks, by woodland walks and evergreens with thick shinin g leaves, and they in all sorts of out-of-the-way places, where they grow very well in shade. Tliey are producing their can be enjoyed in their sea.?on, and left to take sweet-scented tiny white flowers at present, and care of themselves during summer. 22 IRISH GARDENING

Snowilrops ami Ci"0fus<'8 are pli'iitiful, bocomiiif; vitality weakens, and it is not long before they and tlu- giant (riilaiifhu.s Ehresii, now fur a number need returning to the more iMJUgenial atmosphere of years establislied in a bed of slirul)by SpirEeas, fiom whence they came. Grow the same subjects, is quite attractive. A large colony of Crocus lin- say, from the thianb-pot stage, continue to pot " " pemti is a glorious sight with every blink of on as is required, let the room be ventilated, and sun, and smaller lots of Crocus Siclicri. bright lilac, the window shaded when needed, and these plants and C. cln!/suiif)ius, orange yellow, are not less will develop—more slowly than those in a green- beautiful. house it is admitted—and in a measure be Iris iinyuicularia, though in wonderful flower imnuuie from the dry and imcongenial con- since late autunni, is still giving a few flowers. ditions found in many rooms. Quite a number of forms of this Iris are known, of

which the following are grown here : —/. uiKjui- cularis othd, cretensis, onijustifolia, JiDperiitr'ice Importance of Cle.^nliness. Elisahetlur, liizicii, marijiniitu, and specioso. Iris iilatit also condescended to give a flower, respond- Another point worthy of note in connection ing probably to the heat of the past sununer. and with window plant culture is that the foliage now /. histriiji'lcs is opening fast its bright-blue, should be kept scrupulously clean by frequent white spotted blossoms. This will be followed soon sponging. This, obviously," entails troul)le, but by 7. reticulata, already well above tlie ground. it brings its own reward. Then, again, such plants Tulipn Kaufmaiiniatia is well up, and only requires benefit by stimulants now and again to insure their a few sunny days to coax out the flowers which, healthy condition. This may take the form of some however, may be happily delayed if the present well-known and approved fertilizer; a little guano frost continues. Xarcissus tazetta, at the base of in the water, or, perhaps the most common, if not a sunny wall, has been in flower since Christmas. the best, •' pick-me-up " for most kinds of plants, ...Lithospcrmum rosmariiiijolivm , really a dwarf old soot. This, if placed in a coarse bag and shrub, has been well furnished with its delightful deposited in the water tub, will be found to be gentian lilue, flowers the greater part of the winter most serviceable, as nothing imparts more bril- and will continue to flower for a long time. Among liancy to foliage. Aspidistras benefit greatly from shrubs I ought to have mentioned are Clewiitis a use of soot, as do subjects like VaUotas (Scar- cah/ciiiii. which is bearing abundantly its nodding boro' Lilies) and Fnmcoa ramosa (Maiden's pale yellow, purple-spotted flowers, and C. rirrhosa, Wreath), which make handsome window plants with smaller flowers of the same colour, but un- when in flower, and also have a value from a spotted, with less divided leaves; both are ever- foliage standpoint. There need not be any dearth green. J. W. B. of blooming plants in a window from spring on- wards, having regard to bulbs at our disposal, such as Narcissi, Tulips, Hyacinth, Crocuses, Scillas, &e. Even the hardy "plant border fur- Window Plants in Winter. nishes us with subjects that are of help in keep- ing a window gay, provided they, like the bulbs, The mo.st critical time for window plants is are potted now and allowed to make growth in during the days of winter; it is also the period cool, dark which demonstrates the grower's capacity and a place before being brought into the light of a room. Such are Dielytras, skill in bringing them through successfully until Spiraeas, Campanulas, to mention a few. the days begin to lengthen. It is always an ad- As a rule, those who take special pride vantage, of course, to be able to give many sub- in keep- ing their windows with jects, suitable for window adornment, an occa- gay flowering and foliage plants generally succeed, but the sional removal to a greenhouse, where they can greatest success, so it seems to me. is achieved when a beginning renew themselves, especially if the room in which is made with plants when cjuite young. they have been located is one illuminated by gas, the fumes of which, to say the least, do not pre- Mercaston. dispose to a healthy condition. One notices re- peatedly how both flowering and foliage plants brought from a greenhouse when in the pink of Allotments. perfection, soon collapse, and those who buy such During recent years the planting of Potatoes, plants are sometimes at a lo.ss to understand the which are innnune to Black Scab or Wart Disease, reason. It is easy of explanation, and is due to has been general on allotments in Great Britain. a sudden change of environment, after plants As the result also of official exijeriments the have been brought up in a humid atmo.sphere and plant- ing of inninme varieties to this disease has been then transferred to a stuffy room, where the air increasing in districts not infected. Most cata- is often dry and vitiated. logues now state which varieties are immune, and the habits and qualities of these Potatoes have been most carefully investigated. Unfortiuuitely, Growing on Pl.\nts. with this disease the infection is usually more In view of this quite common experience, it severe in allotments and small gardens, where the seems to me that the wisest course to pursue is cultivation of the Potato is not succeeded by a to commence with window plants when they are rotation of crops. The disease is little known quite young, .so that they become acclimatised to among allotment holders on this side of the water, the conditions of the room in their early stages. luckily enough, except in a limited area. It is, and this is particularly to be observed in the case however, easily recognised by characteristic small of foliage plants. Take as examples, Ficus elas- cauliflower-like grow^ths which appear on the sur- ticu {" India Rubber " plant), Aralias. and face of the soil and also on the tubers. These Asparaijvses. Bring these fully-grow-n from a growths are quite distinct, and at first greenish greenhouse, at this time of the year, and place in colour, but rapidly decay and turn black; hence them in a sitting-room window, and what almost the name of the disease. Experience in England invariably happens? Why just this—after a week proved that the disease, in centres of fresh in- or so they begin to lose their brilliancy and their fection, almost invariably is first observed in allot- — IRISH GAHI3EKING ^3

gi-fa; iiuportance iiiems. In view of the oconoiiiic very early sowing, the seeds may lie sown more of the Potato in this counny, allotment holders thickly than usual. for and Others should be on the look out suspicious Herbs.—These lieds become worn out if not re- traces when handling the tubers before planting, planted, or in the ease of Mint often full of and also for the oauliHown -like growths during perennial weeds. When making a fresh bed tor the resultant growth of the i rop. Mint, a cool, damp situation suits it lielter than .Ikrusalkm AnTicHOKEs.— This crop is not grown a dry, sandy soil. When making beds for Herbs, to anything like the same <'xtent on allotments dig the soil deeply, and give a liberal quantity as formerly prevailed. Gmwing almost in any of manure. If the soil is heavy, such substances position, its robustness invited neglect, with the as road-scrapings and decayed leaves are useful result of a rapid deterioration in the size of the forked in the surface. tubers. Tubers may now be planted, and, if given Broad Beans.—This crop may be sown in quan- a good soil, will repay whore the crop is appre- tity from now onwards, provided the soil is suit- ciated. able. The sowing is done in various ways—in Sh.vllots may lie planted at any time, and the single drills, beds, or even among varieties of crop is influenced a gootl ileal it a fair amount Potatoes which have dwarf tops. of manure is ai)plied to the soil before planting. Flower Border.—The perennial flowers give The bulbs should be pressed into the soil in drilLs general satisfaction for this boarder, and many of one foot apart and nine ini-hes between the bulbs. them, such as Michaelmas Daisies, are easily in- Potato Onions require sinnlar treatment, excejit creased by division. The healthy, strong portions that a little more room for giowth may be given. from the outside of the old roots should be The prinuiry cost of the bulli.s is heavy compared selected for transjjhinting. The floWer border is witli the resvilts, and this, eonibined with disease, often unsatisfactory owing to lack of manure; has made then) less popular on allotments. therefore, before transplanting, dig the ground Onions.—There are few crops which prove well and apply manure. Even if no transplanting more lenunierative than Onions when well grown. is done, the border should have a dressing of It appears, however, almost impossible to get good manure forked into it. Where there is suitable crops on old plots, unless special measures are accommodation. Antirrhinums are easily raised taken against the fly. Moreover, e.xcellent im- from seeds sown in February. The seeds germi- ported Onions are availaljh' at cheap rates. How- nate more quickly in a greenhouse supplied with ever, excellent results can lie obtained by sowing heat. There are tliree strains used in bedding the seeds thinly in boxes of rich soil early in Feli- tall, intermediate, and dwarf. For general pur- ruary, if a little heat is available. These seed- poses the intermediate is very useful. The plants lings should be ready for jilanting in the open soon flower after planting out, and continue to ground in April. Sowing in the open ground do so until destroyed with frost. should take place as early in March as it is pos- G. H. Oliver. sible to obtain the soil in a suitable condition. for sowing arrives, the drills When the time J0000030CO, cannot be too shallow, provided the soil is fine JoOOOooooo. enough to cover the seeds. If the drills are one foot apart and the seed sown sparingly, very little thinning will be necessary to obtain Onioins for ordinary use. The Month's Work Parsnips.—It is not generally realised there are tw^o kinds of Parsnips which differ sufficiently to make a selection of one or other profitalile. ooOOOoooo ooooOOOOOi ooOOOoooo ooooOOOooK The Student type has a long ro«t, and is more suitable on rich, sandy soils. The Hollow Crown, By Mr. W. H. Lee, Gardener to Viscount Powers- as its name applies, is more concave at the court. K.P., F.nniskerry, Co. Wicklow. crown, and the root is thicker at the top, and can be selected for the more shallow soils. It may be said old seed is very unreliable. The crop will Work under Glass. grow well on old Celery trenches without the addition of more manure. A little superphosphate (•NTINUE to attend to Peach is beneficial if worked in the soil before sowing. Trees in the early houses as From the middle of February the seed can be advised for last month, and sown in rows eighteen inches apart, and as the take every advantage of ad- plants will ultimately stand about eight inches mitting fresh air at every apart the seeds can be sown accordingly. favourable opportunity; and Rhubarb.—The growth of Rhubarb may be a chink should be kept on hastened considerably by placing old barrels over tlie ventilators continuously the roots as soon as they slmw signs of commenc- till the petals drop and the ing to grow. A further help is obtained by cover- fruits show signs of setting. ing the barrels with strawy litter or leaves. The Immediately afterwards, a present is also a suitable time for making new gentle dewing of the trees plantations. As Rhubarb will occupy the ground with tepid water will do for several years, the land ought to be heavily good and assist the embryo manured before planting. The roots may be fruit to swell. Damping planted in rows, allowing three feet between the down tlie house in early crowns. morning, and sprinkling the borders and path- will very beneficial. Keep a keen watch Peas.—It is more or less of a speculation to sow ways be check with tobacco this crop so early on allotments. However, less for signs of green fly, and precaution which, if taken in time, will risk is attended by sowing other sorts than the powder; a the pest. Marrowfat varieties, if the soil is in a suitable soon clear away be forward enough to have their condition and the position is not exposed. With Vines will now — H imsH GARDENING

shoots tliinnod out. Be careful not to do it too mentioned above, first raising the soil to the depth thoroughly at first, and keep the strongest growths of ten inches, and sowing a stump-rooted variety. with the best-shaped flowers. Leave plenty of Early Peas should be sown at intervals according room for the growtlis to develop, and tie out to to the demands. Cover the seed with red lead if cover the house, stojiping them about the second rats are troublesome; stake with small twigs as tliird leaf from the flower. Damp down the house soon as the plants appear above ground. on all favourable days, especially after a hot, The Onion crop is an important one, and if sunny day, and give the foliage a slight dewing large bulbs aie required, deep, well-trenched with the syringe, for if tlie house is kept too dry ground, well manured (after Celery suits), should tlie foliage will soon get infested by red spider be prepared. Where outside sowing is not a the worst enemy to Vines. Be careful to regulate success owing to Onion fly, a sowing should now the moisture according to the weather, and ven- be made in cold frames for transplanting later tilate only with the top ventilators. Withhold on. Plant out autumn-sown Tripoli Onions, and moisture for a few days when the Vines are in hoe between the rows of those planted out last flower. Attend to Strawlierries, which should be autumn. Plant Potato Onions 2 inches deep, 9 on a shelf near the glass ; syringe morning and inches apart, in rows 15 inches asunder; also afternoon until they show flower. Top-dress Pot Shallots, 15 inches between the rows and 9 inches Roses beginning to break out, and, if mildew ap- from plant to plant. pears, dust with flower of sulpluu-. Fuchsias Plant Early Potatoes on a warm border in drills should be started, first trimming them back in 24 to 30 inches apart; place the sets one foot apart. the shape required. Chrysanthemums should be Brussels Sproiuts require a long period of growth potted into small pots as soon as rooted; These to obtain large buttons to ])erfection, and a sow- pcipular flowers can be raised easily from seed, ing should be made on a warm border. Sow and if sown now in moderate heat will bloom Par.sley and Lettuce in boxes to plant out later; a the first season Dahlias, also, if so^vn now, will sowing should also be made o"!! a warm border. liloom the same season, and are getting very Rhubarb growing in the open groimd can easily popular raised from seed. Old tubers should ))e be forced into growth now by placing inverted taken from their winter quarters, well soaked, pots or boxes over the crowns and covering the and put into boxes of light soil to start. Begonia foTmer with long stable manure. and Gloxinia bulbs should be started in heat, and seed sown in well-drained pans of fine peaty soil, Flower Garden and Pleasure Grounds. barely covering the very minute seeds. Hollyhocks, Carnations, Pinks, and Sweet Williams can be planted in favourable weather Kitchen Garden. The in light soils. Plant hardy perennials, also lift, The work in this department must bo advanced divide, and re-jilant plants that have grown too as tlie weather pei-niits, and endeavours made to large. Lift and divide early-flowering Chrysan- finish work that liad been hindered by the wet themums if you want to increase stock. Prune weather. Where early vegetables are required, H i/diaiigea pk2

M /4/V UNBRi'KEN CHAIN E SUCCESS DURING 1921.

The numerous awards gained during the past year include THE SHERWOOD CUP for the M Most Meritorious Exhibit rt at the R.H.S. Great Chelsea Show, in addition to 23 GOLD MEDALS for Flowers, Vegetables, etc, ''

M SUTTON S GARDEN SEED CATALOGUE M for 1922 will be posted free on application.

Seed Growers and Merchants SiitoTcftfi READING

iilllllllKIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIIIII EDMONDSONS FOR Garden Seeds Seed Potatoes Garden Implements EDMONDSON BROTHERS 10 DAME STREET, DUBLIN Established 70 years Phone: Dublin 1721 (two lines) :

VI IRISH GARDENING

Royal Horticultural Society of Ireland.

The tiist CiiuiLcil ineetiug of tlie yoar. nn tlic l.'-itli nit., was fxc-oixlmgly well attended, the president, .the Marquis of Headfort. in the chair. Have you Hon. otiicers anil the various (.-onnniltees were re- a])[)ointed for the enduing year, and the Scliedule C'uiuniittee was instructed to prepare the schedule received the for an .August show forthwith, the tiate for which is fixed for Angu.st 15th and Ifitli, place for same to be considered and announced in due course. new Abol Sir Frederick Moore. Hon. Secretary, was re- que.?ted to ask Lord Iveagh for permission to hold Price List the Spring Show (April 5th and 6th) in the ? covered comt, Earlsfort Terrace, Dublin iwhicli His Lordship has since kindly granted). Corre- Send a postcard to-day for list giving spondence with the Auditors and the Customs and Excise, L/oqdon, was considered, and it was noted reduced prices of Abol Non-poison- that a refund of two-thirds of the tax paid on members' subscriptions for the last three years ous Insecticide, Patent Syringes, and would be granted, it liejng understood that, as other Garden Specialities with siuiilar societies, this society would now be exeuipt from this tax. A letter was read from tlie Departuient of Agriculture, regretting that a Of Nurserymen, Seedsmen, grant-in-aid of the lieavy expenses incurred with etc. Sole Props, and Mf rs. the w^inter fruit show could not be given. Mr. Purcell, Horticultural Instructor, Kilkenny, on Abol Limited, 1 56 Beltring, Paddock the proposition of Mr. Hy. Hall, Shankill Castle Garclens, Co. Kilkenny, was elected a member of Wood, Kent the society. A vote of thanks and cultural cei- tificate was accorded to H. B. Barton, Esq., D.I>.. Straffan House, for Primulas, and for Roman Hyacinths, and card of commendation for varie- gated Kales, sent up by Mr. Strceter at the meet- ing. Abol Catalogues. We have Ijeeu favouied with a copy of the general of outdoor plants we would specially mention plant calalogue of Mn. Anthony C. v.\n dkh perennial Chrysanthenniins, Phloxes, Gladioli, ScHOOT, of Hillegoni, Holland, and we find it of Delphiniums, Lupins, Irises, and so on, all of inucli interest. We have drawn attention on a which are offered in good variety and at remark- former occasion to the bull) catalogue of the same ably reasonable prices. A copy of this catalogue firm, and w-e have every confidence in recommend- should be of interest to all wlio contemplate ing the plant catalogue to our readers. adding to their collections during the coming Hardy plants in great variety are a feature of planting season. the present issue, and special lines are Begonias. Blackmork & Langdon.—This well-known Bath Gloxinias, and other choice indoor plants, while firm is second to none in the raising of fine

iiriiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiriiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinMiniiiiiiiiiiiiipiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiliiilit^ ^iiiiiiil iiiiiiiiiiijiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiini iimiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiJiiiiiiii THE WELL-KNOWN DUTCH BULBHOUSE OF ANTHONY C. VAN DER SCHOOT Established 1830

Largest Bulb and Perennial Farms in Holland

Fine coloured and fully descriptive catalogue of bulbs for Spring Planting. Perennials. Roses etc.. free on application

CARRIAGE PAID NO CHARGE FOR PACKING I

House, Craithrook. Kent. From The Rev. Harold Mayall. Tilsden I From personal inspection while on a visit to Holland of Mr. Anthony C. van der Schoot's |

1 testify to very high standard in which everything this Bulbfarms and Nurseries. can not only the on very | extensive farm is organised, but also to the excellent stocks of herbaceous and other plants that he carries, | especially Phlox Decussata, Delphiniums, Chrysanthemum Maximum, Michaelmas Daisies. Anemone | Japonica, Dahlias, Iris, Lupinus. Roses, together with Gladiolus and Begonias, I have no hesitation in § reco r.mending this firm not only as The Very Reliable Bulb Farm, but as Very Reliable in every respect. | December, lyji. HAROLD MAYALL. I HILLEGOM HOLLAND riiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiijiiiii IINIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII IIIIJIIIIJIIIllllllllllllMllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllltlllllllll iniiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiurT " 1

IRISH GARDENING VI

Ask Yoi r NurscryKian BENTLt/'S 1 or Seedsman rConcentrate 1 Alkali For the following; Well Known and Highly (WINTER wash) Efficient Horticultural Preparations.

A highly effective and most THE CHEAPEST INSECTICIDE OF THE DAY popular non-poisonous Winter "NIQUAS" ;NON-POISONOUS> IMPROVED Wash for fruit and forest trees A Concentrated Extract ut Quassia, combined with other vnlu- of every kind. able ingredients, forniing a cheap, safe, and elective Insecticide for syringing and dipping. |t destroys all Insect Pests /;( /ins stifficienf /(If -'J gallons nf W'us/i. infesting Trees and Plants, whilst no possible injury to vegeta- tion can result from its use-

1 each 1 to 5 tins, 3 3 each ; 8 tins, 3 ; It can be applied with syringe or pump, or used for dipping. each Half- pint, ; 20 tins, 2 9 ; Prices 1 pint, ; h^lf-gallon, 12 tins, 2 11 each — 4; 2, 3 ijuart, 3/9 ; 40 tins, 2 7 each. Carriage paid on 20 - 6 -; gallon, 11/-; tive gallons, 36,'-; ten gallons, 62/6> twenty gallons, 120/- orders and upwards. I gallon sufficient for 8o gallons of water.

Side M

IIMIIIIIIIllJIIIIIIMIIIIIIIilltllllEIIIIIIIIIMlrllllll llllllllll Tins, and 7/- each Bags, '4 1/6, 3 9 ; cwt ,11/- ; Edition Catalogue. Pocket ;4 cut. 21 /- ; I cwt., 39/-

ELLIOTT'S McHattic's Scotch Seeds SUMMER CLOUD SHADING DEVELOP HARDY PLANTS Registered Trade Mark No. H.f>29. (The only genuine original aud improved article)

'i liese seeds become pofular by ilie fact thai have For Greenhouses. A plcnsant'grcen sliade is given to the glass. they aie m de up into popular ptice packets. In packets, 1/6 for loo feet of glass^ and 4/- each for 300 feet. They are all guaranteed true and are produc- tions of the hightsi percentage in qunntity and quality alik«

Sole Manufacturers : Send postcard for booklet; it contains a complete outlin*' of till the strains logether with special and CORRY 6 Co., Limited cultural directions interesting .Merchants and Manulaciurers of Nurserymen, Setdsmen and Florists' Sundries and Tohucco Preparations Free of Duty, for Agricultural and Horticultural Purpo.ses. Co., I McHATTlE & s^^^ %Zl, CHESTER \ To be obtained from all dealers in Horticultural Sundries ^iiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiii lllllllllllllllllilllilllllllllHIIIIIIItllllllllUililllllllliillll Vlll IRISH GARDENING

Viiriftics of Bffioiiiii. jukI in tlicir new catalofjue Just to hand tliey liescribe and offer simip iiia{;nifi- e-ent new . vaiietics. All the woll-kiiown older kinds are also offered at lower prices, hut every one is worthy of eultivation, and we warmly com- mend the list to our readers. Messrs. Blackniore & Langdon liave made a ROSES great success of raising new and improved varieties of Delphinium, Gloxinia. Cvclamen, February is one of the best months in the Polyanthus, &c., and their strains of these are ^ ^ = year for planting roses. The wonderful recognised as among the finest on the market = colours found in Hybrid Teas of recent in- Twerton Hill Nurseries, Bath, will find them. ^ ^ =z troduction add j*reatly to ones pleasure and = Messrs. Ed. Webb & Sons, of Wordsley, Stoui- = interest. So rapid is the progress that it is = bridge, have a very fine selection of vegetable and = necessary to add to one s collection every = flower seeds in their new catalogue issued some year at the same time as making good = weeks ago. The firm ^ has a reputation for many = blanks in beds of old favourites. = fine strains in both sections, and the new list, which is profusely illustrated, shows that the pre- ^ Our new rose catalogue will appeal to all be- ^ war standard has been well maintained. There is :^ cause (1) Watson's Special Rose Discount and = an ample field for selection in the large number == liberal carriage terms are very welcome in these = (jf varieties offered, and strains many now well = times 1 2) The catalogue descriptions are written ^ known in gardens are met with' through the pages. ~ in restrained terms, and reliable notes on planting ^ The large number of awards wliich have gone to ^ and pruning are given (3) Kiliiney roses are of ^ the produce of Webb's seeds, together with = first -class quality and are guaranteed true to name. ^ the numerous testimonials from satisfied cus- — (4) '\o variety is described as scented ivluch has ^ tomers all over the country, testify to the popu- ^ ntd been repeatedly proved to he fragrant at ^ larity and excellence of the firm's goods. = Kiliiney A'urseries. (5) No continental grown = r= rubbish is offered for sale. ^ Trial of Violas at Wisley. ^ The catalogue contaios iull descriptive list of all » The Royal Horticultural Society has arranged — classes oE bush, climbing and rambling roses both old and ^ to carry out a trial of Violas in their gardens at ^z. new. and a copy will be sent post free to any readers of ^ = "Ir?sh Gardening." Wisley during the coming year, and growers are ^ invited to send three plants of each of the varieties they desire tried, to reach the Director, i Wm. WATSON "3? SONS, Ltd. I K. H, S. Gardens, Wisley. Ripley, Surrey (goods = Kiliiney Nurseries Kiliiney, Co- Dublin = via Horsley Station, [.,. & S. W. Ry.), on or before February -28, 1922. Entry forms' liiay be obtained from the Director, at above address, on application.

COLLECTIONS ^iBBj Finest Quality and Best Value >^lBfij» COLLECTIONS of VEGETABLE SEEDS at 5 -. 7 6. 10 -. 12/6. 21 -. 31/6. 42 - upwards. Special Exhibition Collection, containin;* 30 of the finest Varieties to grow for Show purposes. 10 6. COLLECTIONS OF FLOWER SEEDS at 3 6. 5 -. 7 6. 10 6, 21 - upwards COLLECTIONS OF EXHIBITION SWEET PEAS.

12 finest named varieties . 6/-

12 ,, snialler packets 3/-

18 finest named varieties . 10/- nv^"^ 24 finest named varieties 14/-

WEBBS' GARDEN CATALOGU E FOR 1922, Post Free, Mention lush Gardening.

WEBB & SONS, LTD., The King's Seedsmen, STOURBRIDGE. ''*'• RO"R»

BEE-KEEPING MADE PROFITABLE Every Bce-Keeper who desires success should read Death THE IRISH B. E JOURNAL to the Weeds {ESTABLISHED 1901). One gallon of Hoyte's Weed Odlclal Organ ot the Irish r.i I AHIIIated Beekeepers' Associa;: iis, Killer makes 20 galls, of solu- THE ONLY BEE PAPER IN IRELAnB" tion for spraying Garden iUjcoived with enthusiastic approval and con pratulatIons at Home and Abroad. Send poi;t card for Specimen Cop^ free. Paths, V/alks, Drives, etc. "Oae of the brightest in tlic ^X^^W-Gltanings {American). 1 gall. "One of the liveliest and bc-^t Apiarian Jouraala in all 2 6. 5 galls. 11/3. 10 galls. 20/- ^Europe. "-Ainerican Bee-Ketpcr. Tins charge'! extra and allowed for in

Montbly 2d. ; Post Free. 2s. 6d. per Aanum, full when returned.

Sole Stokers THE PRACTICAL BEE GUIDE. ?/^^^,^?'5:°h'e';?sfb?r. on the subject yot publlshcl. 230 pages. 150 Illustrations. Paper cov-er, 3s. postage, 41. Linen cover, 43. postage, 4cl ; ; Hoytc k Son, Limited From the Office, Irish Bbb Jori;\ 'i, Loagh EjTia, Dromod, and ot all nen^j ,'ents. 16 LOWER SACKVILLE ST. DUBLIN

|jllliilillilllllllllilllllillillllllilill!!lllillllilll!lllllllllllillllllE %-<»-«t>-«i » »<»»» » ».»<»<«.-» » »< "Irish Gardening*' I | Best Coals = AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY = ALSO = Offices—53 Upper Sackville St., Dublin = Gas Goks, Breeze & Slack = Subsoriptions B/~ per annum, post free. = Prompt and careful attention to Orders. Editorial. —All Editorial Communications, copy — S = S and, photographs should be addressed to = = "The Editor." Flower McDonald J & = Business Cominunicatlon^.—^All letters re- = garding Subscriptions, Advertisements: and = S :; 14 D'OLIER STREET, DUBLIN other business matters must be addresaed := = Also at Malahide, Skerribs and = "The Manager." = Balbricsan Telegrams i " OOHALD, DUBLIN." Telephone No. 848 \ * > ' » » > » » »-»-» » Hiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiini » ig POHER'S WATERFORD

Seeds and Trees

of every description FOR

Garden : and Farm

iiiiiiinMiiiiiitinntiiuiitiiiiMiri

Bulbs for : Garden and Greenhouse

CATALOGUES FREE.

Wm. Power & Co., Waterford Nurserymen, Bulb Growers and Seedmerchants,

FALCONEK, PEINTER, DUBLIN. . 17 P^ tm':^ MARCH, 1922 SIXPENCE Irish Garden

5=5f:t\- D- "-""I ;

Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction for Ireland

LIST OF THE DEPARTMENT'S LEAFLETS

No. 1, The Warble Fly,] No. 53. The Construction of a CowhoU8«. a. The Use and Purobase of Feeding „ 64. Out of l';'int. 3. Foot Rot in Sheob. rstufls. „ 55. The Applk of Crop. 4. Out of)/ Print. IiU „ 56. Cultivaticjn the Hoot e. Celery Leaf-Spot f-pisease or Blight. .. 57. Marketinf of Fruit. 8. Charlock (or Pre^haugh) Spraying. 58. Sproutini;- Seed Potatoes. 69. Testing of Farm Seeds. 7. Fluke in Sheep. ]', 8. Timothy Meadowy 60. Out of I'nnt. 9. Tlie Turnip Fly. 61. Field l^xperiments—Wheat. 10. Wireworilis. 62. The Miuuigement of Dairy Cows. " U. Prevention of Wl ito Scour in Calves. 03. Reil r" or "Blood-Murrain m 12. Liquid Manure. Cat \ 13. Contagious Abortion in Cattle. 61. Varic.,...p yi i niit Suitable for Cultiva J-1. Prevention of Potato Blight. tion in Ireland.

05. Forestry : The Planting of Waste Lands 16. Milk Jiecords. ,!, . ' IC. Sheep Scab. ,' C6. Forestry : The Proper Method of Plant 17. The Use and Pu-jphase of Manure* ing Forest Trees. 18. Swine Fever. fi7. Out of riini.' 19. Early Potato GiDrviug. ti8. Out of Pfnt. 69. The >.: .,...-„. v,...... 20. Caif Rearing. i. Prevention 21. Diseases of Poultty:—Gapes. Cattle. fviul : Management, 22. Basic Slag. r Forestry Planting, '^ 33. Dishorning Cal vofi. I') vv.'ition of Slieltar-Belt

,' 24. Care and Treatmpat of Premium Bullf ) _ . -'W Timber. i'rint. 25. Fowl Cholera. j 71. Uut ! 28. Winter Fattening of Cattle. 72. Out of Print. 27. Breeding and Feeding of Pigs. 7.3 Th(- Pirnting Hnd Management of 28. Blackleg, Black' Quarter, or Blue 74. !^^llllf• t'oinraon Parasites of fhs Sheep. Quarter. '; 29. Flax Seed. 75. Barley Sowing. SO. Poultry Parasites^^Fleas, Mites, nu 76. Aniericfln' Gooseberry Mildev ;n. Winter Egg Production. [Licf ..' in Young c.n 32. Rearing and Fattening of Turkeys. 33. Profltablo Breeds ijf Poultry. J in; > it.i..iai.vii V, Small Fruits. 84. Out of Print. ' 80. Cateh-C'r((p8. Farm*. 35. The Liming of La|id. m. Potato Culture on Small Potatoes 36. Field Experiments—Barley. 82. Cultivation of Main Crop .83. Cultivation oJ Osiers 37. ,, ,, ' Meadow Hay. .'«. Potatoes. .R4. Mangels. urious Or. i-'Cta 40. Oats. 'k. 41. Turnip.". resiling.

; of Fruit. 42. Permanent Pasture Gr«s.sc'S. n Bottling <9. The Cnir-.trnction of Piggeries. 43. The Rearing ti^-io. Flax Growing Ejjperiments.

SPECIAL LEAFLETS

Ci I Vn.—Ont of Piin No, 19. Home 12. Digging and Miumg Lmmin's. 20. Out of P'i.... 18-17.—Out of Print- 21. Farmers |ind Inooni n-.d of r-rlnt. )8. 'I i-eatmop.t of Allotments for the Grow :V1. ':e of Ver.:cti;l .1 . and M

.j to file f Cijples ai Uin nho\R ].r;.Ti- nlitalnea, FBEB OB C m of Agrlculturp and Tcclinica) ' r Ireland, tippet Merriou btrt be stnaipei). Unvolopc* utini! " Publlcatloni." -

Miscellaneous Section^

RICHARD C. McM. SMYTH, f.r.h.s. DESIGNS & LAYS OUT LAWNS & PLEASURE J. M. Veldhuyzen van Zanten GROUNDS, CONSTRUCTS PERGOLAS & PLANTS WATER, ROCK, FLOWER AND BOG GARDENS Wholesale Bulb Grower MOUNT HENRY, DALKEY, CO. DUBLIN LISSE, Holland

LITTLE'S Gladiolus, Begonias, and other late ripeiiiny- Stuft" a Speciality. Fruit Tree Spraying Fluids All sorts of Dutch Bulbs and Flower Roots in Assure the Progressive Fruit Grower of Clean excellent quality, at moderate prices. Healthy Trees in Branch, Twig- and Bud, followed b\' Good and Plentiful Crops. Prices will gladly be sent on application. Pesticide.— For Blight, Black Spot, Mussel Scale, &c., on Apple and other Fruit Trees. Antipest. — For Red Spider, &c., on Goose- berry Trees. Used by all the leading Sweet Pea growers as a preventive and cure of CHRYSANTHEMUMS Streak. General Cii/alugiics of all tlie leading varielies noiv ready, post free, from Of alt Nurserymen. Seedsmen. Florists. <$:c.,or direct from KEITH, LUXFORD & CO. MORRIS, LITTLE & SON, Ltd., Doncaster SHEERING NURSERIES H A R L O \V, E S S E X

THEY ARE THE BEST AND CHEAPEST .\LL HAMl MAIIF.

Artistic Fern Pans and Bulb Bowls WELLS' CATALOGUE

State Quantities ami Sizes required, avd OF have "Carriage Paid" quotation, or urite for Price List—FREB RICHARD SANKEY & SON, Ltd. CHRYSANTHEMUMS Royal Potteries. Bulwell, NottinghaiM NOW READY

Post free on application \ To SEED I W. WELLS & COiVIPANY MERCHANTS ^ NIERSTHAM, SURREY

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(LONDON OFFICE: Albert Mansions, 92 Victoria St., S.W.I j — ;: IRISH GARDENING A MONTHLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE VOLUME XVII ADVANCEMENT OF HORTICULTURE AND MARCH No. 19^; 1922 ARBORICULTURE IN IRELAND Editor -J. W. Besant.

Notes from Rostrevor*

weather during the past moiitli has •ifiiiii. now represent that grand genus. I'riiisepia been rather variahle, and on the wliole 'iinensi.s is a new introduction from China with THEnot quite so favourable as usual to the small pale yellow flowers, produced in profusion rapid development of a winter floral all along the stems; it was first wrongly named display. Part of the time has certainly Plagiospermum, but is now identified of the Rose been mild and lomparatively warm, Order, and a near ally of Prunus and of Nut- l)ut there was a period of frost—lowest tallia; the fruit described as a small red phmi reading of the theimometer 25 degrees, has not yet been pi-oduced here. only for one night—and since then it Leurojum reniiim, white, tipped witli gieen, lias been cloudy and sunless, with a good and something like a large Snowdrop, is showinn- deal of liarsh east wind. Some of the bloom up well, together with Scilla hifolid. blue, the lieginning to open has, tlierefore, been ai'rested, earliest of the Squills; Crocus; rorsirux. (', mini- waiting for more genial days; for instance, the niii.i. (_'. (Hirieii (.iiicheri), C. foinmd.siiiianu.i, and well-known Dapline Mezeiemi, S'littalliii ce}(isi- two or three other species are in flower, as well " " furinis, the Oso Berry from California, and as a lovely little white Prinnda (name unknown). the Fuchsia-like Bilies xperiosum. But climatic Ilelhhiiriis nifier, the Christmas Rose, is nearly conditions have had little or no effect upon over, but there are others to replace it, pink, Daphne hJdijin/ana, 1). L/nireahi, and another very white, and green ; Anemone Hepatica is pushing fragrant species (probably D. colli im neapoli- up its charging carmine or blue bloom, and the tiimi); luir upon Itihes l\ieiiziesii and If. laiii'i- carpeting 11 elich ri/.-mm hellididioides its everlast- fi/liiiiii, the earliest of tlie genus, and recently ing white daisies. BooiUia au.<uii(/hsi. M. piperita, ing shrub or small tree of the Violet Order from (higdnum T)ictdmnitii, 0. sipyleinn, Brostdii- New Zealand, just now bursting into bloom; all thera lasianfhos, P. riolaceu, liosmariiiu.^ offici- its very numerous branchlets are literailj covered iidli.i, Tcucriiim Marim, &c. But it is not confined with little bunches of tiny, dark-purple flowers, to that order, and is to be found in some of the giving the plant a very singular appearance. Artemisias, A. .ilirdfinium, A. (crhored, A. ciim- There is only cine specimen liere, and so. imfor- pliorata; in Sanfulinji Clwmn'rypdri.'isii.t. and N. tmiately, we can never see the berries which are ro.fmdrinifoUd : among most of the .species of Euca- to violet' is said be coloured. Another species M. lyptus, in MyrfiLf (ihcorddfi: , and Kiujenid inyrii- hnifeiildtu.'!, but it seems to be nnich more iiiliii. Moreover, a certain number of Rhododen- tender, and I have not yet been able to establish drons have aromatic foliage—among them. Bli. it Siyphelin fusficuhtfn is out-of-doors. a small dittlinpogon. Bh . siilnrrdtitldiiii , and Bh. ymithi- shrub, which has grown liere unhurt for neai'ly niim; while that of Skimniid Laureola is remark- ten years, and is now develojiing very pretty li+tle able for its curiously pungent scent. The peculi- white panicles for the first time; it belongs to arity is also to lie found well pronounced in the Epacris Order, but I do not know its native LinireJia .<

about eight feet high ; and some forms of the vation, Init well worthy of a place where it "will smaller E. mediterninea ; fJupliorbin meUifeid grow; it is an evergreen, with grey, glossy, very (ireriUeii nisiiuninifiiliii ; Pittofiponnn Tnhini. handsome leaves, strongly and pleasantly scented, scented; P/i/hi/.s ddridiniiu . and I'. Pi.-i.^ardii which in shape and colour resemble somewhat Itapliiolepis Deldcoini. and S. indirn : Spii:id those of Cerdfonid siiiijua, the Carob or liocust " Thidihetyii : and the half-hardy ]Ve.^friii(ii(t inx- of the Levant, or St. John's Bread." A well- indrinifoimi,i from Australia, growing against a grown plant of Olcdria Trarersii is always valu- south wall. Bhododendioii pr:t'C0.r and Bh . veiiu- able, if only on account of its beautiful foliage. IRISH GARDENING

with sweet-scented pink flowers, followed by orange fruit. Bamboos, with their arc'hing stems and graceful and distinct appearance, are general favourites, and some few may be noted now. as it will soon be the best time to plant them. Aiundiiuinn nobilis, canes shining mottled brown as if var- nished, about 2U ft, high and 2^ in. round at the base, seems one of the best of them. .1. nitida is also a very handsome species. .4. falcata, A. Ftdcoii- eri, A. japoiiira {Metake). A. miicrostemmri, A. Siiiioni are desirable; so, too, are A. aunroma, A. I Inijmnfha, A. Rindsii, and .1. iiKiniioieii. 'inly they are smaller. riiytJostiiilii/x CasfU- Imits has bright yellow canes streaked with green; 1'. fustiwxci is a fine upright species, some 20 feet high, with large canes 3 inches round at the base. r. auiea and 1'. tnifis are erect; P. fie.ruosa more arching; the canes of P. niiira are black and .shin- ing. P. ruscifoUa, P. auiiiliureii, and Baiiilnisit Xdiiashima are among the smaller class, which also includes B. anousfifolid, a very graceful plant; while B. Pagamuirshi (tessalata) is dwarf, with very large bright-green leaves. B. quadniii- inihins is. moreover, an interesting species. Some of these Bamboos are very aggressive, and require a good deal of room; this is especially the case with Aniudinaria palnmta iKuiiuisasa), which, tliough handsome and furnished with large foliage, may become decidedly trouble-some by pushing its -irong growth through everything "near it; .4. ' I'l/fjiium also is a rampant grower, and so is mother with fairly large leaves which came here IS .1. (iiirepf!, Init is not, I think, correctly named. Innidij Doniij-, the upright Eeed from the Medi- terranean region, has never done well here; but Hesfio siibi^crticinutus, from South Africa, grows

Rosa berberidifolia.

The aspect of this Eose is such a strange one that some botanists did not admit it as a Rose. The Cordon Pears on a Wall. Tomatoks bktwken very thin and extraordinary stoloniferous (p. •!!). branches, the Berberis-like spines and leaves, the flowers very open and rather small, with their bright green above and silky white beneath; some sulphur-yellow petals, marked with a deep brown 18 to 20 feet high, it is quite a fine object when spot at their base, and with deep brown stamens, there is wind to show it up. The plants of the put it apart from all the other Roses. But the Chilean Lurdhahiila biternata here (not Iliiiia- chief character lies in the leaves, which are l(i!/<'ii, as stated in error before) have grown to simple and unifoliolate. nothing like the splendid dimensions of the speei- I saw it for the first time at the Rev. Ewbank'.s men mentioned by Sir Herbert Maxwell in Irish garden in Ryde forty years ago. I got it from

Gardening of February (page 24) ; but when him and from other sources, especially from that established I, too, have found it a very rampant good friend. Canon Ellacombe, who gave freely species. It seems perhaps well adapted to cover everything from his garden at Bitton. But I lost an unsightly wall or rough corner, and I, too, am it several times. Now I had the pleasure of an removing it from a site which is capable of grow- opportunity, twelve years ago, of a friend going to ing something better. This reminds me of Vitis Turkestan, who offered to collect seeds for me. stiiata, an evergreen Vine from South America, He went to the mountains of Buchara, and there suited to cover some ugly wall, and of a Rose in- he found it abundantly. He brought me seeds, troduced from China by Mr. Wilson (as No. 4127, and, very curiously, these seeds, instead of resting I think), and named I understand B. loni/icvsijis, some months before germinating, as do the other which is well adaijted to ramble over a liedge or Roses, came up immediately, just like cabbage to screen a rough corner. Ii is a dense evergreen, seeds ! ! dark foliage, very rampant, and a quick grower. We planted B. berheridif(Aia in four different IRISH GARDENING '-1

places in our gardon, always sunny and dry, and Austria and the gold-coloured Dolomites. Then they all grew well. Now tiny are rambling every- suddenly we came through a pasture as red as where, flowering freely hut ih'Ver seed. So we are the fields of Pop))i,,, in our countries. What is ohiiged to increase it liy tlie big long stolons it? said I to my guide. He did not know, but which are sometimes three to four feet long laider when coming through we found a field of Liliuin ground, and are difficult tn make root. It glows cm nidliciiiii. They were there as close to one quite differently from all the other Roses, and another as the red Poppies in Messrs. Sutton's remains dwarf here (not exceeding two feet in cultures which I oiice saw fi'om the railway near height. In England, however, I saw it nuicli Rea

Lindley named it ],i,iri,i l)ei-heiidifoliti , and The graceful, slender stalk (30 to 50 cent, Dumortier Hiilthenia beibii idifolia, while Salis- high) bears thiee to five Martagon flowers of the bury called it VnSd sinipliiifolia, and Michaux deepest vermilion —almost as deep as L. chali-e- Bdsii persicd. The plant is seldom seen now in tloniruiii. which it resembles so much—glowing to gardens, but ought to be luhivated in the inlli-i,- the luminous and hot sun of the Maritime Alps. tions of Europe more generally. To my great surprise, the bidns were sunk in H. CoRREVON, Floraire, Geneva. rocky crevices or among broken stones, and very hard to get. We could get nothing hut the young ones, as the oldest were too deep in the rocks, seldom in any soil —and how difficult the flowers Primula Allionii. are to dry for the herbarium ! Liliuin pyieniiicuni Th.1t dear little plant—one of the most charming is another Martagon, but and smallest of all the Primroses—is not at with greenish-yellow flowers adorned with six liig all so rare and scarce as suj>posed. The one fact is that it is not easy to find. I, for years and years, went to the Roya mcks to seek it, and found it ill two parts only, the places known to everybody near to Fontan and St. Dahnazzo. But last year, at the end of February, I was ascending the highest rotks over Fontan, and found it in high altitudes su very common and in such quantities tliat I thought it as common as our rriinuhi v'tscusa— hiisuta. Some patches were more than a foot broad, and they were then covered with hundreds of Howers, quite sessile, and making carpets of pink corollas, very com- pact and beautiful. In the month of May I found it again in the perpendicular rocks of the upper part of the Roya near to Tencla, and 1 cannot say that rrhiiulii Allionii is a rare plant at all. It only requires courage and strength to discover it. Only an alpine climber can find it in the upper parts of the Roya. It protects itself by growing in perpendicular walls, where no ciiniber and no chamnis can ever reach ! It flowers here at Floraire in the first days of March, end of February often, and keeps its flowers a very long time fresh. It wants a crevice or a hole in a wall, and must be kept rather dry. H. CoRREVoN. Floraire, Geneva.

Some Beautiful Martagon Lilies.

At the end of June, 19(14, I had the brilliant sight of an immense field of Lilium c(irnioIicuin. the beautiful red Martagon of tl:e South Austrian Alps.

I was climbing the Monte Summano | where the war has since brought distress and ruin), and after having traversed fields of sky-blue Litliospenniim :immi)iifoUum mixed with Linum viscusum and Thk H.\unt of the Primrose. Seiiipidx lonijipefdht, I came to the top where an Glen, Belf.ist. ideal view showed us to be near the boundary of ('.ire's 28 IRISH GARDENING

red anthers, and not nearly so showy. It is now- tloweis are borne in a terminal cluster. Individu- very scarce in the French Pyrenees, and to get it ally, they are large, and of a clear, transparent, it is necessary to go on Spanish territory, where bhie-laveiider (the shade one associates witli it is commoner, and easier to take uji. S(

Berry Bearing Solanums. For a Garden Hedge. As an ornamental small hedge in the garden pseiidii-riipsii II III, faJiiiliarly to S(jIiiii II III known Loiiircid iiitida is capital. It is a new and beau- of the many people as Winter Cherries, because tiful evergreen shrub from China, with very green and scarlet berries they produce, make graceful foliage, and can be clipped most freely, greenhouse amongst flower- pleasing adjuncts to a the trimming brings forth the full beauty of the plants during the winter, and, incidentally, ing plant. Grown as a shrub it is also very pretty if for liringing into a are bright sliowy subjects hard primed each spring, and for an evergreen room for window "or talUe decoration. Tlieir value garden hedge it i.; ideal. I have an old Box hedge estimated both by growers of plants luis long been in my garden which I am destroying in order to Christmas by those who for market about and re|)lace with Luiiin'ta nitidii this winter, and. as the ordering of laige establishments; but, have the latter is of speedy growth, I cannot long miss for some reason or other, these iSolanums cannot ij the Box. ]^ be said to be popular with amateurs who own small greenhouses. This is rather to be regretted, too common i:l as beriy-bearing plants are none Fremontia californica. a greenhouse, and in the Solanuni in question \ye liave one of the easiest possible culture that in This is one of the finest of the many good shnd>s a comparatively short time may be brought into California has given us, and one that is much beauty from seed. As this is the season for them, hardier than many suppose. It attains a height it may not be out of place to remind those who of 6 or 7 feet, or even more, in a congenial admire, and yet who have not cultivated them, to climate, but specimens of half that stature may say that seed' should be sown in i)ans of light soil often be seen well covered with bloom. These in the greenhouse in April, seedlings pricked out blossoms are aliout 2 inches across, bo'wl-shaped as soon as large enough, subsequently being and bright yellow, with a mass of orange stamens potted separately in a compost of mellow loam, at the centre. They are produced at the leaf axils leaf mould, and" half-rotted manure. In this the along the older liranches, and a succession is not plants will thrive, and potting on will be neces- infrequently maintained from .June to Septemlier. sary until five or six-inch sized pots are attained. The leaves are bluntly lobed, dark green, leathery For a time the best place for Solanums is a posi- and hairy, and curiously small and sparse for the tion in the greenhouse not far removed from the size and ninuber of the flowers. F. culifornica glass, but where their wants can be attended to does best as a w-all shrnh in all but our milder in regard to watering. They must never be districts. As such it has stood 20 degrees of frost allowed to get dry, and particularly so at the here without protection. It needs a well-drained blooming stage. During the summer the best soil and plenty of moisture from spring to mid- place for them is a cold frame having a north smumer, and for so long as floiwering lasts. For aspect where they can .be stood on a bed of ashes that reason it should not be ))lanted against a and have plenty of room. Coolness at the roots south wall. This shrub has a reputation for is essential, as, unless this is provided for, the suddenly dying-off when it has attained maturity, yoiuig berries drop off. Early in Octobei- will find but a specimen, now over ten years old. in this them ready for the greenhouse, which should be garden is still vigorous. This species is easily ventilated and kept on the cool side. Solanums propagated by cuttings struck in August. nuist not be hurried, otherwise the berries often N. Wales. A. T. Johnson. drop off. In addition to raising them from seed, they can be propagated by means of cuttings taken from the new growths of plants cut back A Brilliant Thorn after they have started again in spring, but I liave fo\uid that seedlings mostly give the best Crataegus Carrierei results. Briefly they are not difficult to crdtivate once their wants are iniderstood. In the Arboretiun of the Royal Botanic Gardens W. I.INDERS IjKA. at Glasnevin, a fine tree of this Thorn has been conspicuous foi' several months. The fruits are still, in Janiuiry, as brilliant as ever, and on en- dentata. tering this portion of the Arboretum catch the eye at once among the many other species of Though still on its tiial with us, since we have Thorns there giown. The fruits with which the not yet had it twd years, this new Lavender tree is literally covered are large in size and of promises to be a great acquisition. Here it has bright orange-red colour. In addition to its made a compact, upright bush, about 10 inches winter value. ('riif:i'(nis ('iiiiil'vei is equally useful high and nearly as much through, the stems being in summer, for it grows into a shapely small tree. densely furnislied with rilibed and indented leaves ]ierhaps 20 feet in height, and bears abundantly in a fresh, almost grassy, green. Towards the end corymbs of large w'hite flowers in Jmie; altogether, of summer each branch sends up an erect flower it is well worthy of notice, and among the large stem, after the manner of the Common Lavender, nimiber of Thorns now in cultivation il; should and about the same height as the plant. The certainly be regarded as one of the best, B, — —

IRISH GARDENING 29

Notes from a Small Garden. jjmdia of Horticulture." and de.scribed as having dark violet flowers; it shoidd be a good thing, bnt By K. J.I.OVli i'uAEGER. I have not heajxl of it in cultivation on this side of the Atlantic.

Potentilla fruticosa and Co., Unlimited- The Long-suffering Plant. The difference The Sliruliby Cinquefoil i^ an interesting plant ou in adaptalulity of plants to their surroundings iicfount of its wide range and, at the same time, is vei-y interesting, and quite beyond the restricted distribution. Tims, in Ireland it forms power of botanists to explain. We nuiy carve just one big patch on the limestone rocks of a i)lanl to pieces and examine every portion Clare and Galway. In England there is another under the microscope without getting a hint l>ig patch, embracing seveial northern counties. as to whether it can withstand frost or great heat. scarcity There are big patches in Europe, in .-Vsia, in A or excess of water in a plant's natural habitat America. Over the greater part of its range it more often leaves its impress upon the plant's body; is a plant of uniform character, as it is in County l)ut by no means always. The Clare—a smallish shrub with rather grey-green Marsh Fern has grown for years with me mixed with .iiitht/llis leaves and yellow flowers. But when it gets into montana. Looking at them, how- can one tell that Asia, and especially China, it appears to go quite the former naturally grows in mad, and bursts into a kaleidoscopic series of swamps, where it is often under water half the year, variants which might be taken (as some of them while the other haunts dry rocks exposed have been taken) for distinct species. to the hot sun of Southern Europe? They range in size fidin dainty fine-leaved Seduiii mulficeps ;ind Ephedra altissima, iiinn the dwarfs, half a foot high, to coarse giants a couple semi-deserts of Northern Africa, jo.stle with the of yards in .stature. The leaves vary from bright Iceland Poppy and Bear-Berry, whose headquarters green to silver. The flowers may be white, or are within the Arctic. To the first two our country cream, or yellow, or deep orange, and their size must be a horribly cold, wet place; to the latter up to half a crown, or down to a quarter of that pair a veritable hothouse. Yet they all jog along a most bewildering series, and all lovely. quite comfortably. Some very distinct forms liave been long in cul- The truth seem.'; to be that when free competi- tion is tivation. To my mind, the best of all is that eliminated the strict geographical limits grown as var. ai-huxcula—a rather dwarf form, which often define a plant's natural growth with remarkably shaggy Ijianches and inuuense vanish, and it is able to show that it can live deep golden flowers. Two which have recently under much more varied conditions than would come into much favour are P. Vilmorinicina. with appear from its natural range. Fortunate for silver,^ foliage and cream flowers, and F. Veitiliii, gardeners that it is so, and that most plants will with green leaves and huge white flowers. P. so cheerfully accept anything in reason in the Fiie(h-ichse)\i, long in cultivation, is a hybrid way of accommodation. But there are notorious ex- lietween 7'. fruticosa and P. davurica; but the ceptions. What about that disastrous beauty, Eri- plant usually seen under this name—a robust, tricJiiutn )iauurii? Who can grow Diapensia lappo- grey-leaved form with pale .yellow flowers—does nica ? And think of all the love wasted in vain ou not look like such a cross, P. davurica lieing a Panunculus (ilaci(dis and Pyjiduntliera harbu- green dwarf shrub, closely allied to fruticosa, lata, and ,Sa.rifra(ja fioruloita, and the species of but by some modern authorities (e.g., Schneider) Hudsonia. These aie not adaptable; some want kejjt distinct. The whole fruticosa group is in a of theirs we do not understand and fail to supply state of great confusion, and needs badly to be (if it is possible to supply it in a garden) in spite straightened out liy a comjictent botanist. of all experiments. But since the requirements of plants are so mysterious, it is well to experiment to some ex- Nierembergia frutescens. tent with many of them. A plant may be doing

Nierembergia is a genus of 25 or .51) species allied well enough with us, but be capable of doing to the Potato, with trumpet-shaped flowers with much better under slightly different conditions. I a long tube. They inhabit Central and Southern find it well worth while, when I get a new plant, America, and most of them are not hardy with to take off any jiiece that will come easily, or at us. An exception is the creeping X. rirulari.-i, least a few cuttings, and put these in where con- which in my garden is always devoured by slugs. ditions of soil and light and moisture are different. -V. frutescens, whofee praises I wish to sing, does Then one sees which does best, and gets a useful not appear in the Kew list of hardy herbaceous hint. Often a cutting has grown where the jilant plant!!—it will not stand the English frosts. But has died. in rnir favoured Irish gardens, we have no excuse " for not growing a plant so lovely and dank- Rose Notes. bar." It has the size and habit of one of the subshrubby Fla.xes Linum perenne or uarhoii- neuse—and all through the summer produces a wealth of bluish-white flowers the size of a florin, Rose Caroline Testout, with a lihie eye and a yellow throat. Raising is I STTPPOSE that however large one's collection of easy from cuttings or seed, and a warm, dry place Roses may be, however beautiful some of the is desirable. varieties are, there are, at least, some few which, The plant hails from Chili; in the milder parts owing to their long career and general usefulness, of Ireland it is quite hardy, and probably there have come to be regarded as quite indispensable. are few places in the country where it cannot be Such a variety is, we submit, Caroline Testout, grown, if a sheltered corner is selected. which has been before the public over thirty Var. aUiiftorii, which I received recently from years, and is a " good seller " even in these days Miss Fanny Geoghegan, is wholly white. A var. when novelties are run after.

• ifro-riitliicrd is given in the " Standard Cyclo- You seldom, if ever now, see Caroline on the 30 IRISH GARDENING.

exhibition table; in fact, some of her more fasci- frequently to be met with outside large establish- nating sisters have seen to that, and elbowed her ments. To us it seems a great pity that any em- away, but though it cannol; be claimed for her bargo should be placed on a plant that when in that' she would find much favour as a show bloom is .superbly Ijeautiful, yet we have to face blossom, she has other qualities which cannot be the fact that the main consideration in growing forgotten. One of the very earliest, and very blossoms to-day is, "are they nice for cutting?" latest to open, with globular, light salmon-pink Unless they will stand the test of this crucible, flowers, tlie number ot blooms in a single season plants are left rigidly alone. No one desires to from an established plant is really remarkable, deprecate the usefulness of flowers for cutting, jet and her constitution is vigorous and healthy. we do venture to say in regard to Kalosanthes, This cannot be said of some of the other hybrid that many folk who own greenhouses of moderate teas, which too often are weakly in habit, and size miss much in the way of decoration by ret need careful management. It says much for taking in hand these comparatively easy-to-grow Caroline Testowt that after so long and useful a subjects. Whether one desires plants for inter- career it can be still recommended as one which spersing in groups in a conservatory, or for adorn- should be in every garden. I commenced cutting ing the stages of a modest greenhouse one has a flowers in May, and had a few nice blooms early great asset in well-grown plants of Kalosanthes, in November. If ever a Rose is entitled to be with the extremities of their quaint shoots studded scheduled amongst Serviceable Roses, old Caroline with brilliant scarlet tubular blossoms of wax-like Testout is surely that one. appearance. It is not an easy matter to induce Mekcaston. folk to make new ventures in the growing of plants of which they have had no experience, and about Rose "Moonlight-" which so few to-day are enthusiastic, yet notwith- standing their being of little or value, In the garden at the Rectory, Fethard, Co. no as is understood to-day, would Tipperarv, on Sunday, October .30th, I saw for we beg a consideration for a greenhou.?e plant that, on attaining its the first" time a splendid bed of the beautiful Hybrid Musk Rose, " Moonlight," raised by Rev. flowering period, cannot fail to call forth admira- tion. As many readers are at the moment think- J. \¥. Pemberton in 1!U3. Very dark green, shin- ing what may be done towards rendering their ing, evergreen foliage, stems deep red, and fine houses attractive in the present season submit clusters of very fragrant, lemon-white, semi-single we to them Kalosanthes, flowers, with yellow stamens, in great profusion. which have long been favourites with There were five plants in the round bed, the us. centre one growing about 5 feet high and fairly Vulture. —Very simple are the cultural directions upright, the others arching gracefully outwards. for ensuring success. In so far as compost is The Rector tells me that this Rose is perpetual concerned, one made up ot brown fibrous peat, old flowering, and lasts a long time in the house. loam, with a little coarse silver sand, meets all The extraordinary sunuuerlike weather we are their needs, and the temperature of the house in having this autumn leads one to expect quite a which they are aceommoclated only requires to be wealtli of bloom, but the picture I saw of Rose the same wherein other greenhouse plants are " Moonlight " was somewhat startling, and a usually cultivated. In a word, they desire no sight never to be forgotten. This Rose will be exceptional treatment to bring about in due course " " a welcome addition to the bush Roses which what we submit is exceptional beauty in the when planted in groups, add many beautiful time when their trusses open. There is one point to which we specially direct the attention of the corners to our gardens. R C. M'M. S. would-be grower, and it has reference to the size Nov., 1921. of the final pot. When grown for market purposes they are mostly mef with in pots five inches or The Best Yellow Rambler. so in diameter, this being a handy size, particu- larly when wanted for the decoration of a window This is undoubtedly the comparatively new Wichuraiana hybrid " Emily Gray," raised by Dr. or tal)li', but Kalosanthes are never very happy N.R.S.. who has de- when their roots are so confined. Being of a succu- Williams, a member of the "' lent nature it is voted much attention to ramblers. " Emily Gray advisable to finally pot them in pots slightly larger than their actual requirements, is very vigorous, possessing as handsome, bronzy as approaching foliage and stems as any member of the family. the bud stage they will take a fair amount oif moisture, and will also The writer saw a fine specimen on a wall in Mr. benefit by weak applications of liquid manure. II. E. Richardson's garden at Shankhill last .June, Position. when it was in full flower. The blooms have much —The place in which to locate the the same colour and size as the well-known Tea plants should be one ivhere light and sun can Rose, Lady Hillingdon, and the beauty ot the rea.ch them, in order that the wood may ripen, as foliage and stems is remarkable. It may. of it is from the ripened shoots on which the best course, be grown on trellis, pole, etc., as well as trusses of bloom are borne. As we have pointed on a wall, and it makes a good weeping standard. out Kalosanthes flower on the extremities of the We were badly in want of a good, yellow rambler, shoots, and it is worthy of note that they are none of " Emily Gray's " predecessors being very fragrant. They possess a slight resemblance to satisfactory. Bouvardia blossoms, but are stiffer in build, and ^^ ,^, j more imposing. K. coccima (scarlef) flowers during the summer months. There is also a white variety—jasminea. is (Crassulas), Re-pottlng best effected early Kalosanthes in March, and propagation from half-ripened The worth of many flowering plants grown in pots shoots (the two pairs of lower leaves being re- to-day is not only determined by the freedom and moved) after the flowering season, dibljling the attractiveness of the blossoms, but also for the shoots in pans or pots of sandy loam, and placing value such are for cutting, hence that is no doubt in a striking pit, or covering with a bell-glass. the reason why Kalosanthes are not now very (I'eiicntl Ifeiii(irl:.i.—There is nothing difficult IRISH GARDENING 31

whatever about the upbriii<_'iiig and cuhure of Ihesu and if m the open are tied to the stakes aforesaid, attractive South African plants; tiiey are not sub- which should l)e placed at an angle of 45 degrees ject to many enemies, gnrn fly possilily being or thereabout, and inclined to the sc/uth if pos- their worst, and tliey can Ijc wintered in a tem- sible. If planting is done against a wall, the perature whicli suits bedding pUmts. trees are, of course, supported by nails and twine. Most dealers in greenhouse plants stock Ka!o- To get the best lesuks from cordons strict atten- santhes, though, it is to be feared, the call for tion must be paid to summer pruning in order to them is not great. induce the formation of flower buds. This is We are convinced, however, that anyone who achieved by shoitening all side shoots to tour or desires a very beautiful flowering plant, and is five leaves about tlie 'middle of August, and in capable of appraising it as such, will not be dis- winter reducing these still further to two or three appointed with the one undir notice, as they con- buds according to the strength of the shoot. The stitute a charm wherever they are well grown, leading shoot may be allowed to grow unchecked and continue in flower for many weeks. duiing sununer, merely keeping it tied in, and if n lipens satisfactorily and shows evidence of form- W. T.IXDKKS I>E.\, ing spurs naturally, which may be known by the

A Fine Crop of British Queen, Seed from Messrs. Power. \V.\terforu. Grown at

.•^t. Anne's Gro've, Castletown Roche, Co. Ciuk. Gardener, Mr. Fox.

Cordon Fruit Trees. plump appearance of its buds, it may be left entire ; but if the end few inches appear soft, and This method of growing fiiuts is particularly well not well ripened, they may be removed back to a adapted for small gardens where a variety of healthy wood Ijud. which may be recognised by choice fruits is important. The advantages lie in being "smaller and not so round and plump as a the comparatively small space required to grow flower bud. Firm planting is essential, and the a number of different kinds and in the ease with soil must be in good condition. Against walls, which the trees can be attended to. Apples and cordons and other trees often suffer from drought, Pears are, among the large fruits, best adapted and this is inimical to the production of good for cordons, and may be grown against walls or fruit, weakens the trees, and renders the foliage in the open tied to strong wires tightly stretched liable to attacks of aphis and red spider. When between strong posts. In the latter case a stake a dry spell appears to be setting in during summer should be inserted in the ground and securely a mulch of rotten manure or leaves will keep the tied to the wires, of which there should be at least roots cool and moist, thus keeping the trees in three, one at six inches or so from the bottom, perfect health. one in the middle, and one at the top, the total Small fruits, such as Gooseberries and Red height being about six feel. The single cordon Currants, may be grown as cordons, and if planted supply is the commonest form, and consists of one main in shade or in northern aspects will give a shoot, and the object of the cultivator is to have of choice fruit over a much longer season. In this this furnished with fruiting spurs from base to case it is usual to train up three or four shoots gridiron. top. The trees may be planted at two feet apart. from the base in the shape of a fork or —

32 IRISH GARDENING.

Toitoiscshell, a very great Ijeauty ; Harlequin, Primroses and Polyanthus. red crimson, and Rex Theodore, deep red. Uy Amakanthe. Coming to I'li inula ufficinaJis elafior, the single var., we find some very quaint and beauti- The many varieties of these plants with their ful kinds. The lovely elatior coerulca (the old Jacks-in-Green and Hose-in-Hose are but Greek sky-blue silver-laced Polyanthus) leads the way. to tlie uninitiated—love they them never so well. With care, this makes rapid growth. A bed of it The following notes may be a slight guide to mi.\ed with or bordered by the dwarf deep blue anyone wishing to make a collection. Primrose, with large flower, really only a seed- I shall begin with rriiinila offirhuilh ft. i'L — ling, but a splendid one, and called sometimes perhaps the best known of these lovely things that the old Irish blue Primrose," is a sight not to flourish nowhere so well as in our beautiful be forgotten. " Emerald Isle." Many old varieties, beloved of There is a deep blue double Polyanthus to our ancestors, have died out. Some are being be had which is, I believe, quite hardy. I do steadily brought back to us after years of patient not think it has been named, and there are and absorbing study. lovely new-named bronze, crimson and golden- Madame de roinpaduur should, perhaps, head laced Polyanthus just being brought back again the list. This is the old crimson-velvet Primrose, from the olden times. solve difficulty in rare and costly, but not at all impossible. The Perhaps some reader could a Primrose same treatment of cool, loamy soil, peat, leaf- the correct naming of Jack-in-Green '• mould, and well-rotted manure, that does with Pantaloon." It has lived here as that for ages, richest crimson-brown Polyanthus all Prinu-oses, will suit it, and any that are not the darkest, considered altogether easy. Careful watering and imaginable. lived here, but I have shading in hot weather is necessary for them, Jackanapes has never colour, which one would hardly think of doing with the seen it offered for sale. Scarlet red in broad stripe or commoner, but beautiful, white and lilac varie- with the same bright tint in a green leaf surround- ties. These are very strong growers. But to panel up the centre, of each told this is Panta- return to the rarer kinds. I have much faith in ing the flower. Now I am authority. Then what a peaty soil. It retains the damp, also a sound loon by an unimpeachable should" the supposed "Pantaloon" be called? plan is to carefully note whether the xA&ni looks like to hear answered ; healthy or not. It the latter, take it up imme- Another question I would " " is sup- diately, dust lime over the root, re-plant in new What is Parkinson's Polyanthus ? It to the Hose-in-Hose in " Mary's soil mixed with lime around the root, and there posed be " charming story). I will be renewed health and vigour from the treat- Meadow (Mr. J. H. Ewing's " " ment in nearly every case. call my Lady Dora Parkinson's. I wonder old. very sweet, dwarf, Old Rose is a very choice variety, and I think am I right? It is very bed of " Cloth of Gold " should come next in popularity. very easy, and of the richest yellow. A it lot of ripe apricots; yes, and It is the best yellow we have, being deeper than smells like a Early Sulphur," which is just sulphur, and that sweeter—it is just delicious. hirger coarser, yellow with of a pale tint; luit it is a popular variety and Lady Lettice is and is also polyanthus. I prefer not very common, though it will spread and pinkish tint. It a lovely flourish,' given any kind of ordinary treatment; not to call it Parkinson's. There is a Polyanthus with drooping flower, it is hardly so vigorous as the white and lilac, Hose-in-Hose sweet, larger and paler than Lady Dora. I and apt to die out in a huff if neglected altogether very there is and not divided at the right time. It blooms think it is Yellow Prince. Then scarlet, smaller most floiiferously, sometimes from early autunui Sparkler of the same type, almost choice. These late spring, and for this reason demands than the last-named, rare, and very until " some kindness. are the best. Then come the Jack-in-Green crimson, white, pink, sulphur French Grey is quite exquisite. There are Primroses," red, white, slightly the two distinct shades, one deeper than the other. all very nice and quaint; pure type, beautiful, large white flower It is a charming Primrose. Ijolyanthus orange centre. Burgundy is a cheery-looking magenta crimson with l)road are Harbinger, early of a light shade. The single Primroses claret; and Now comes the dwarf Polyanthus type. white; Belvedere, lilac; Miss Massy, Arthur de Moulins, a lovely amethyst, is a hosts of seedlings. most striking in the spring garden. Marie Crousse, a lilac rose colour, sometimes Potatoes. slightly margined white, and sanguinea nigra plena are of this type. The latter has rather Towards the end of this month pUuiting will be longer, almost black, tine stems, of the richest general, particularly of early varieties. The selec- crimson, quite the best crimson we have, but tion of suitable sorts is a matter of some import- not the darkest in shade. It is beautiful and ance, liut no hard-and-fast advice can be given in easy to grow. The leaves come up the most livid this respect, since soil, sitmition and climate affect green. The two former are also easily grown, results so much that a variety may be a complete just requiring good soil and division now and success in one locality and a failure in another. then. We liave lately received from the Adviser in Of the larger Polyanthus type we luive a giant Horticulture to the Cornwall Education Com- in in every way in Curiosity, pink and yellow; very mittee a Report on Potato Trials conducted liandsome. In Prince Silver Wings we have a that comity in 1921. We note that Silrer Sliain- perfectly delightful Polyanthus, plum colour, Kjch heads the list of late varieties with a yield is followed silver-laced. The effect of the double flowers, of l;i tons 6 cwts. .S lbs. per acre, and 1 cwt. qrs. per acre, when well-grown, is remarkably beautiful, while by Shamrorl- with 12 tons 2J closely Kerr's Pink, a new variety if allowed to deteriorate it becomes ugly and fallowed by tons l:i single. of nnu-li promise. Eavh/ Market gave 9 The gold-laced varieties are represented by cwts. per acre, while (iieai Si-nf gave over 10 tons. , IRISH GARDENING 33

;iii(i Biitisli (jueeii 8 tons 17 cwts. the two l.ittfi' — golden-yellow except for the reddisli base, and set being second earlies. m a red-brown calyx, smooth within and hairy The variety Silrer Sim im I:, is m wliicli white- without. The busli grows to six or eight feet in skinned, and tlie better kmnvn SlKiiiiitjck. were, height (possibly more), and has stout spreading we understand, purchased of frmn Messrs. Rowan, branches. It is accommodating as regards soil, Capel fo]- inc Street, Dul)lin, hision in tliese trials. but grows best in good loam. When young, a early varieties nni Useful mentioned in tiu' little leaf soil aids i(, but later it can "fend for above trials are Duke of Ymk. Kdzell Blue, and itself. It requires no pruning unless to correct Midldthidu Eiirltj; liiitisli (Jiieen and Grent Scot a slight tendency to sprawl. It would be easy to are reliable second earlies; while for niaincrop err, however, in attempting to confine it too late varieties in .S'/kihicoc/,-.? and addition to the rigidly, for its spreading habit is one of its and Ken's Pink, Lorhin-, Tinwald, Peifectiuii cliarms. It grows well at Wisley, both in the Arifin Chief and Anaii Vicfai i/ are worthy of note. wood and in the open border, on the hill side and M((liijn's V'liiijiilVuiu . a new late variety, is well on the flat of " Seven Acres." It was figured in spoken of, and has given remarkable results, but the Botanical Magazine, t. 7884. is still ratlier dear for general planting. Drill Fred J Chittenden. planting is the best for most soils, and for the strong growers such as Shiunrock the drills slioidd be not less than 2 feet 9 inches apart, and the Vegetables for Exhibition. "sets" lb inches apart; for varieties of the typ<' It is a common experience when visiting Horti- of 1iiifix]i Queen 2 feet 6 ini-hes between the drills cultural exhibitions to hear remarks—nof always and one foot between the " sets " is generally complimentary—concerning the quality of the suitable. exhibits staged and adjudicated upon' by those Recommendations as to manuring cannot be competent to form tlie best opinion. Perhaps this safely made without a knowledge of local con- criticism is directed to vegetables more particu- ditions. Light soils generally require moie larly, as during the last five or six years the manure than those of a heavy nature, and soils growers of such have increased in great numbers. without lime are better of an occasional dressing, Amateurs form the hulk of tlie army of food pro- especially if they liave been frequently manured ducers, and it is amongst them that competition with dung. is very keen, and not infrequently one hears, On an average soil with sufficient lime a useful from those wjio have refrained from sliowing, that inanurial dressing consists of four or five barrow- they "could have beaten that lot." Old exhibitors loads of dung per sq. rc?d (oO) sq. yds.), which may are acquainted with that kind of criticism, and be supplemented by a dressing of 1 lb. of nitrate it does not, as a rule, trouble them very much. of soda scattered in the drills when planting. The unfortunate part about it is that tliose who The best plan for small areas is to spread the are given to criticising do not trouble to bring dinig evenly over the ground in winter and dig what they have grown, and allege to be better. it in; then jilant the Potatoes on the level by Competition is most excellent for everybody, as, means of a trowel or spade and mould them up after all, it is that which goes to make up a show, as the tops grow. This allows of scattering the and friendly rivalry is calculated to promote artificial manure between the rows and covering comradeship. it in moulding proceeds. as The New Exhibitor. —These notes are mainly B. written for those wlio are frcsli in the field as exhibitors, or who have little or no success Garden Merit. had up to the present. From a long experience, I The Council of the Royal Horticidtural Society have come to the conclusion that the one who has just established a new award for ornamental decides to show his produce for the first time plants, especially intended to mark plants of either does not make his plants early enough or proved and outstanding excellence for garden aims at too much. It is well in the first instance decoration. It is to be known as the Award of to procure a schedule of the proposed show as Garden Merit, and will l.ie be.stowed by the early in the season as possible, and to select a few Council on the reconunendation of the Wisley entries in which one may venture, growing a Garden Committee, generally but not necessarily small number of varieties well rather than attempt exclusively to plants which have been thoroughly a great number of only ordinary merit. It follows, tried at Wisley. It may he given to plants long of course, that one should grow a sufficient grown in our gardens as well as to more recent number of any one variety of vegetable, in order introductions, provided they are of outstanding that, as the date approaches, there may be more merit in their class, and do not require very than the actual quantity required for show to special treatment to bring out their excellencies. select from. This rule, of course, obtains in show- The first award was made at the meeting of ing whatever one may contemplate. January 31, 1922, to Homnmelis moUis. This Studying Schedules.—It is most important that Chinese species of a genus represented by H. ai- the intending competitor should carefully study in liiiieii and H. jdponiiii in .Japan, and H. riigini- the conditions governing the various classes (uiii and //. renidlis in America (all of them now the scheclule, as, unless he does so, disappoint- grow'lng in British gardens), was introduced in ment may result. For instance, the number of 1879 by Maries to Messrs. Veitch's Coondje Wood vegetables staged must not be exceeded, and par- Nursery, Init did not become well known for a ticular attention ought to be given where it is " long time. It is the finest of the genus, Ijoth in stipulated fit for table." On more than one flower and foliage, and particularly valuable in occasion I have heard acrimonious discussion on vegetables the shrub border in .January, when it produces the first prize being awarded to small its delightfully fragrant golden-yellow flowers in whilst much larger jiioduce of the same kind had profusion in clusters along the bare last year's been given only third place—notably in the case twigs. The long narrow petals are straight (not of Vegetable Marrows and Cauliflowers. Bigness crumpled as in other members of the gentis), rich is not always a sign of goodness, and in the cases 34 IRISH GARDENING

" cited, freshness and '' fit for table rightly opportunities are neglected now important time carried premier honours. will be lost. On heavy land the soil cannot be Timing Vegetables. —Not only does the grower n;ade into a suitable condition for sowing seeds of vegetables for exhibition need to prepare the at a moment's notice, and owing to recent rains ground for their reception, and to watch them such land is not easily worked, and it will be wise carefully throughout the season, helping then not to attempt working such land when it is wet. with stimulants if need he, giving each ample However, as soon as it shows appearance of drying room for development, and keeping the soil free it may be turned up and pulverized with a fork. from weeds by use of the hoe; but, as the date With land of this description it is a wise plan to of the show approaches, and his entry form has delay sowing until the soil is in fair condition, gone forward, he will have to hasten (or retard and, with the drying winds of March, a few days if it is possible) vegetables upon which he may often effect a great improvement. As a contrast count as amongst the " probaVsles." The a light sandy soil can be worked in almoL5t any weather, of course, is largely responsible for the kind of weatlier. maturing of vegetables, some of which come to Roots of Parsnijis in the ground will be com- their top form quicker than others. One may mencing to grow again, and should therefore be mention Cauliflowers and Lettuce as examples lifted and stoied in a bed of ashes in a shady which cannot be retarded to any degree of satis- position. " " faction. The freshman should, if at all pos- VEGET.4BLE Marrows may lie .-own in small pots sible, arrange his exhibits at home beforehand, t'> provide plants for planting in the open grotnid going over each entry with schedule in hand, so later. These plants will come into bearing several that it corresponds in every particular. He ought weeks in advance of those sown directly into the also to give himself ample time to lift or cut hl.s open ground. produce, washing very carefully any that may CiULii'LOWERS.—Plants from seeds sown in the be necessary, as in the case of Potatoes, Beet, autumn, and which have been wintered in frames Carrots, &c., without damaging the skin. The are now fine sturdy plants. Where the land is in one who aims at success will not delegate to others fit condition they may soon be planted out, and what he can do himself, but will personally previous to doing this, the plants should be attend to every detail. hardened for this purpose. Canliflowers prefer a Results.—The fiist-time exhibitor is apt to re- rich soil, and after planting a good dusting with gard his produce of first-class excellence until it lime is often necessary to keep away slugs. grown is placed in competition with vegetables Autumn Sown Onions.—These may be trans- by those of wider knowledge and experience; but planted at any time now. The plants require to but he should not allow failure to daunt him, lie carefully lifted, and if planted too deeply often make it a stepping-stone to future success, learn- form long necks. The rows can be fifteen inches ing from the book of his own experience what to apart, and the plants six to eight inches in the avoid and what to endeavour to accomplish, row. Try to make the plants quite firm in the taking with a good grace the award of the judges, soil without ijlanting too deeply. It is sometimes who very rarely make mistakes. I am convinced necessary to water the plants inmiediately after of this fact, that even supposing a man does not planting. achieve honours the first time of showing, he is Leeks.—This crop may be sown either broadcast better for having attempted to grow something in beds or in drills. Thin sowing is specially re- out of the ordinary, and the next time he will connnended, as the young plants often have to have knowledge at his command that will stand remain a considerable time in the seed bed before nearer to his him in good stead, and bring him they can be planted out. This is one of the most exhibits receiving awards. juofitable crops for an allotment holder to grow. W. LiNDERS Le.\. Celery. —Where the opportunity exists for sow- ing Celery, so that a little heat can be given, the Allotments. main crop of Celery can now be sown. The seeds should be sown in boxes containing light sandy The re))ort has recently been issued containing soil, making the compost firm and fine, and level the reconnnendations of the Committee appointed on the surface. The seeds should be just covered in Great Britain to investigate the present position with finely sifted soil and then watered. Then as regards the iirovision of allotments by local cover the' hoxi-g with she(-ts of paper until the authorities. It is probable then, that, so far as seedlings appear. Great Britain is concerned, legislation will shortly Potatoes.—Allotment iiolders are often anxious l)e introduced to remedy the present unsatisfactory to get the Potatoes planted, luit except in very position of allotment holders. Local authorities favourable places, it is far better to defer plant- in thv past had, under the Small Holdings and ing until next month. Much better than too early Allotments Acts, power to provide allotments, and, planting is to place the tubers in boxes to sprout, subject to certain conditions, could acquire land e.?pecially the early varieties. compulsorily for the same purpose. In many Cabbages.—These plants will now benefit by a cases, however, they were unwilling to move in small dressing of nitrate of soda. Soil can then the matter, but the condition of affairs has under- be drawn to the plants and the hoe run between gone considerable alteration. Even allotment the rows. Sow seeds of a quick growing variety, holders are now organised, and are quite capable such as Empress, to come into bearing after the of bringing into effect the powers which exist by autump-sown plants. legislation but were allowed to become a dead The Flower Border.—Sweet Peas may be sown letter. With regard to security of tenure the now, as soon as the soil is in a suitable condition position is admittedly a difficult one, but an and the weather favourable. An easy way tp grow amicable arrangement could, no doubt, be arrived Sweet Peas, where good flow-ers with serviceable to at.' with but little trouble to the interest concerned. stems are expected, is to dig a trench up two The month of March is a busy one for the allot- feet deep, and to replace the soil gradually, mixing ment holder, and it is important that arrears of in manure, old turf or other suitable materials. work should now be completed, otherwise if the This is much lietter than placing one single thick IRISH GARUENIiNG 35 layei- of manure In the trenrli. The seed can be un the inside bord.-r, fine grapes can be grown sown fairly thickly, as no cloui>i some will be de- without any fire h.-ut whatever. The bed should stroyed by slugs and sparrows, and it is easy to )>v turned every third day and a barrowful of fnsh thill the plants out where tli. y are overcrowded. material added each time. The rods should be 'J'he plants grow best, ot cour^ic, on good twiggy sprayed twice a da.v with water to helij them to hranches ot Beech, .but a gonrl ordinary support iircak. Young Vines should be planted out. Care- IS a wide mesh of wire netting hung on strong fully shake them out of the pots, untanglit the roots supports. Flants of Laveiidrr and Southernwood and wash them clean. Spread tliem out and cover are easily increased at this period of the year by with a little leaf snil and the ordinary vine com- inUling off quite large pieces from the old plants post. :ind planting them rather deeply and firmly in the Pot Roses as they come in flower should be soil. G. H. Oliver. shifted into the greenhouse or conservatory. Sow Half Hardy Annuals in slight heat, or on a hotbed in pans of light sandy soil, and when large enough prick off into boxes or frames. Also ^>-OOOCc»nDoci, in pots Annuals are for IJooOOOooaooo' fine subjects the decora- tion of the Greenhouse during the summer, and very useful are Statice i^uworowi, ArroUnum luxriirii fl. pL, Clarkias—double varieties, Xcnicsia The Month's Work stiuiitosa, Xii-ase of the fruiting Seakale.—To obtain supplies of Seakale over a wood wliich, when long long period, roots sliould be introduced into heat enough, .should be tied on the every fortnight. In taking up the crowns save upper side of the growth it the small roots for propagating, these should be is nitended to leplace. Pinch cut into lengths of about six inches. Give a growths which have fruit at straight cut for the top and a slanting one for the the base about the third leaf. All shoots should be bottom, and preserve them in boxes of ashes in a tied down before they get unsightly bend.5 on the cold frame. During this month plant them out lower ends of the young wood. Tie them flat and in well manured ground 15 inches apart each way. near the position they are to assume next season. To grow Seakale from seed is very simple, but The final thinning of the fruit should not take there is a loss of a year compared with root place until the stoning period is over. If the crop thongs. ' exceeds more than one fruit to every liundred Onions. —No time should .be lost, as soon as the square inches of surface thin out to that distance. soil is in a workable condition the main crop When the foliage is fully developed syringe the should be sown. Let a moderate dressing of soot tiees daily to keep the leaves clean. and wood ashes be applied, and lightly dug in Late Houses.—Trees in unheated houses should and the surface roughly levelled and trod evenly he given plenty of air to keep Back the bloom as all over, then with a rake make the surface level. late as possible. If houses should require fumigat- The seed sliould be sown thinly in drills, made ing for green fly it is always safest to fumigate just half inch deep and 12 inches apart. Close the before the blooms open, and again when the fruit drills evenly, and to put a. finish to the bed pass is set. a light roller over it, or gently pat it with the Vineries.—In tying down the shoots they should back of a spade. not be brought down to the wires all at once, but Potatoes.—Second early and main crop varie- gradually eased down or they will break off at the ties should be planted in quantity thi.s month. To base. Laterals .should be pinched before they grow obtain the best results it is important that the to any length, only extend where necessary to seed should be sprouted instead of planting pover the house. About a fortnight after the dormant tubers, as there is less likelihood of blank berries are set the bunches wall be ready for thin- spaces in the rows. The tubers should be placed ning; so commence with the most forward bunches. in shallow boxes or trays, keeping the rose-end of L.tTE Vineries. —The borders should be well the tubers upwards. The best size for seed is soaked with tepid water, and the Vines started not from IJ to 4 ozs. each, but large growing varieties later than the beginning of the month. If there should be cut, leaving two or three eyes to each is fermenting material to hand and a bed is made set. Dip each cut set into fine lime directly after GAKUiiNiNG 3.6 IRISH

Im- Currants, and another wliich afforils the heaviest being cutr, The land licint; in guod rnndition consists of tliiuning out the shoots, planting, draw ont a tiencn north to south, aliuui. crops of fruit considerable nunilier of young shoots tour inches deep in the shape ol a V, and lay the liut leaving a wliich only have their tips removed, the bushes sets along the bottom, sprouts upwards, first lieing kcjit open having tlie old branches re- tliinning out the sprouts to two or three of by level moved. Cordon Gooseberries should be closely tlie strongest. Put baelv the soil, and keep a spurred-in to the base buds. surface. As growtli proceeds above the ground Raspberry Canes sliould have their points draw up the soil around the haulm on each side. fruiting canes Second early sorts should be planted 24 inches sliorteiied, assuming that the old the young between the rows and 12 inches apart m the rows. were removed in the autumn and canes of Main crop varieties oO inches in the rows and 15 growths tied to stakes or wires. The varieties should be cut down inches between the sets. Even wider planting will autumn fruiting planted canes should give heavier crops. nearly to the grouBd. NcA-ly of ground Cabbage.—Two or three kinds should be sown be cut down within a few inches the year, aaid mulched witli half rotten now for a succession to the varieties sown in tlie the first autumn. The hoe should be run througli growing manure. plantations to encourage growth. Tenderness is Pleasuee Grounds. the result of quick growth, and a stinnilant sliould Flower Garden and be given to growing lieds. A light dressing of The planting of shrubs should be brought to a nitrate of soda, or salt, forked in lightly has im- speedy finish, with tlie exception of Conifers and mediate effect. Soot also is very beneficial given Hollies, which may be planted nc.\t month or during showery weather. later. Ivy on walls should be cliiijjed, and tlie best Peas.—Sow now every fortnight the pruning and trimming of shrubs and hedges pro- Marrowfat varieties to keep up a succession, they ceeded with. a mixture of should have a rich deep soil, w-ith Roses.—The early part of tlie month is a suitable to lime-rubble iuid wood ashes. It is a good plan time for Rose i>la.nting, and vacancies should be tlie plants are a sow fairly thick, and when filled up in the beds. Pruning should be coni- couple of inches high transplant the thiekeot to iiienced, except in the north and midlands, where then be about another row, so that the plants will it is perhaps safer to leave to the end of the 4 inches apart from each other. I find carefully month. The work should be done in favourable transplanted Peas do much better than otliers. weather, and the cultivator must bear in mind the It will Allow plenty of space lietween the rows. kind of blooms he wishes to grow. If large exhilii- and l)e foinid a good practice to grow Potatoes tion l)looms are desired most varieties should lie the Peas on the same ])lot. Put short twigs to pruned back to two buds, and the bushes kept stake early rows as soon as forward enough and well open. Hard pruning is recommended to in- sorts. duce increased vigour into plants tliat do not lights from frames Cauliflower.—Remove the grow satisfactory, but if carried to the extreme sowing, where plants are growing from the autumn will, with some varieties, have the opposite effect. and as soon as well liardened plant out on rich For garden decoration the shoots should be cut firm ground in a sheltered position. Prick out back to four or more buds, cutting out the old and into cold frames or into boxes seedlings from early very weak growths, and keeping a shapely bush. .sowing. The constitution of each variety should tie kept crop of Broad Beans in Beans.—Sow main in mind by the primer. Sucli varieties as .T. B. trenches. Wliere frames can be spared make a Clark, Hugh Dickson, which make long shoots, as they will give a good sowing of French Beans, .should have tlir points taken off and tlie growths better return than those sown in pots. pegged down over the beds. Roses on walls and Broccoli for autumn use should be sown early. pillars that have had their worn out old w'ood supplies. April is early enough for winter removed in the autumn will only require the points the Spinach.—Sow in quantity now, especially of their growths removed. After primings have variety. PcM'pi'iual Beet is a most common Spinach been cleared away, and beds edged if required, useful vegetable, tlie hot weather does not make topdress with bone meal or superpliosiihate, and it run to seed, and frost does not injure it. carefully fork the beds over. Turnip and Early Short Horn Carrot should be sown on a warm bolder. Turnip sliould be sown every fortnight now. ^ ^ Tomatoes. —The past season was an ideal one for ripening Tomatoes out of doors, and for grow- ing outdoor seed should be sown early this month. The Weather in 1921. Plants that are ready should be potted into small l)0ts and kept in a warm atmosphere. Vrom Itccoidx l.cpt at Tlie lioyal Botanic Canh im, Cucumber and Melons.—Plant out on hot-beds Glasncrin, Dublin. those raised early last month, keeping the plants Rain or snow fell during the year on 211 days, fairly close and lightly shading them a few hours total 24.91 inches, being 9..j7 inches less than the daily. Cover with mats, etc., at nights. amount registered in 1920. The wettest month was Brussels Sprouts. —Winter Greens of all kinds. .Inly with 4.42 inches, and the greatest fall in 24 I,eek and Celery sliould lie sown for main crop. hours was 1.44 inches on 27th July. The driest Salad.— Lettuce and Radish also sow as required. month was .Tune, when .1.') inch fell on four days. Where birds are troutilesome it will be found February with .77 inch and April witli .95 inches necessary to protect the seed beds with fine netting. are unusually low records for tliese months. The warmest day was 9tli .Tuly, 840, the coldest night Hardy Fruits. was 7tli March, 25C>. The highest maximum tem- Gooseberries.—The pruning of the busshes should perature in the sun was 1220 on the 11th, 18th and not be longer deferred. Two methods of pruning 19th .July. The minimum on the grass fell to 180 are usually practised, one being similar to Red on 14th .lanuarv and Stli November. LU! !£l! •jm *Z^ sn^ in

M AN UNBROKEN CHAIN OF SUCCESS T>URING 1921. ^ad/^ The numerous awards gained during the past year include-^

THE SHERWOOD CUP for the Most Meritorious H Exhibit M at the R.H.S. Great Chelsea Show, in addition to 23 GOLD MEDALS for Flowers, Vegetables, etc. '•

•SUTTON S GARDEN SEED CATALOGUE for 1922 will be posted free on application.

Seed Growers and Merchants ^JfJon^i READING EDMONDSONS FOR Garden Seeds Seed Potatoes Garden Implements EDMONDSON BROTHERS 10 DAME STREET, DUBLIN Established 70 years Phone: Dublin 1721 (two lines) VI IRISH GARDENING

Royal Horticultural Society of Ireland.

The monthly meeting of the Council was held at the offices, 5 Moleswoith Sti'eet, Dublin, on the You can rely upon Abol 10th ult.. Colonel Sir Frederick \V. Shaw, D.S.O., presiding. Mr. \Vm. Cotter wrote offering a fur- ther sum of ,t25. in addition to ten guinea.s The high standard of excel- already presented by him for prizes for Matron's lence always associated with the Fingal'lian Potato, and in acknowledging this name Abol may be attributed to liberal offer it was resolved to ask Mr. Cotter for any ideas or suggestions he could make in the fact that the makers have at The the way of arrangements for a competition. their command knowledge gained draft of a schedule for an autiuun .show, as com- piled by the si'hedule conunittee. was submitted by many years practical experi- and approved, and it was decided to ask Loid ence as actual growers. Iveagh's kind permission for the use of the Every brew Abol Non- covered court and the grounds at Stephen's Green for August IStli and 16th. Mr. F. Streeter, poisonous Insecticide is carefully Straffan Gardens, was awarded a Certificate for tested in our own gardens be- an exhibit of Snowdrops and Orchids, and a cul- fore it is passed for sale. tural Certificate for a finely-flowered plant of Lj/caste Sl;hi iieii, and a dish of home-grown Oranges staged at the meeting, Mr. W. Baker, Write for full particulars and Ardlui Gardens, Blackroek, being awarded a cul- free treatise on garden pests. tural Certificate for a vase of improved rriniuht oliconini and a plant of Fiimula inalaroides, show- ing a distinct break from the type also e.xhibited at the meeting.

Catalogues.

Messrs. Edmondson, of 10 Dame Street, Dublin, have issued an excellent list of vegetable and Abol flower seeds for 1922. There is no lack of variety Kills Insects and in both sections, and the best standard sorts find a place with the latest and best of the newer in- Mildev/ on Roses troductions. In the flower seed section hardy and half-hardy annuals are numero.us, and Sweet Peas are a special feature. Good indoor strains of Prinuila, Gloxinia, &c., are included, and as usual, of tlie excellence associated with this Gladioli, Fertilisers and Garden Sundries offer a well-known and old-established firm. The list of wide selection. both flower and vegetable seeds include the best and most satisfactory of the older varieties, and, Messrs. W. Dru.mmonu & Sons, I.td., of Dawson in addition, new varieties found to be superior Street, Dublin, have published their catalogue after trial. of vegetable and flower seeds for 1922, and it is. The populai- Gladiolus receives piomineiice. and

liHiiiiniiiinlliiiMiniiiiillMiiMiniiiniiliiniillinnMniMiiiHiiiinirinlllllHliiMiiHMiMniMrniMitlMiiiriliniililitlltTlllirMMiMniMiiiintiir)itiiMiMliiiiiiMiiMiMtMnuiiriiinnnniiMiiriniiMiiiiiniii^ THE WELL-KNOWN DUTCH BLLBHOUSE OF ANTHONY C. VAN DER SCHOOT Established 1830

Largest Bulb and Perennial Farms in Holland

Fine coloured and fully descriptive catalogue of bulbs for Spring Plantingi Perennials- Roses, etc.. free on application

CARRIAGE PAID NO CHARGE FOR PACKING I

Fruin Tlw Rtv. Harold Maynll, Tilsdfii House, Cntiibrook. Kent. | From personal inspection while on a visit to Holland o( Mr. Anthony C. van der Schoot's |

I very high Bulbfarms and Nurseries, can not only testify to the standard in which everything on this very | extensive farm is organised, but also to the excellent stocks of herbaceous and other plants that he carries, | especially Phlox Decussata, Delphiniums. Chrysanthemum Maximum, Michaelmas Daisies, Anemone |

Iris, Roses, together Gladiolus Begonias. I Japonica, Dahlias. Lupinus, with and have no hesitation in | recommending this firm not only as The Very Reliable Bulb Farm, but as Very Reliable in every respect. | December, icj2i. HAROLD MAYALL. | HILLEGOM HOLLAND iiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiii IIIIIIIIIIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIllltlllltlllMllllllltllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllMIIMilllllllllllllllllllll iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiir; IRISH GARDENING Vll no bulb or conn for spring planting is moTe worthy of attention from both amateur and pro- fessional gardeners. A large and coniprehensivr Ask Your Nurseryman list of sundries is included, and to those whose duties include farm management the last page of the catalogue will proive valuable and suggestive. or Seedsman Messrs. Rowan & Co., of Capel Street, Dublin, For the following Well Known have favoured us with a copy of their new and Highly catalogue of flower and vegetable seeds, and we Efficient Horticultural Preparations. heartily commend it to our readers. Messrs. Rowan are nothing if not enteiprising, and their list of seeds and the general " get up " of the THE CHEAPEST INSECTICIDE OF THE DAY catalogue will bear co*mparison with anything produced in Ireland or Great Britain. Of novelties "NIQUAS" in flower seeds we note that a feature is made (NON-POISONOns> IMPROVED A Conce.itr.ited of the new race of Regal laipins, embracing the Extr.,ct ol Quassia, combined with other valu- able ingredients, most wonderful range of colours in these popular forming a cheap, safe, and effective Insecticide for syrmgmg and dipping. carly-fluwering herbaceous plants. In new antirr- |t destroys all Insect Pests mtesting Trees and hinums, too, there is a marvellously fine range of Plants, whilst no possible injury to vegeta- colours, while Sweet Peas .ire well represented tion can result from its use. along with varieties of It can be applied new Schizanthus, Sun- with syringe or pump, or used for dipping. flowers, Verbenas, Zinnias, &c. Among Vegetables Prices^-Half-pint, 1/4; pint, 2/3; quart, 3/9 ; half-gallon there are new varieties of Beans, Peas, Cauli- 6'-; gallon, 11/-; five gallons, 36/-; ten gallons, 62/6' flower, Melons, &c., while the general list of twenty gallons, 120/'- vegetable seeds contains all that could be de- I gallon sufficient for 8o gallons of water. sired. Various garden sundries are offered, together with up-to-date labour-saving appliances. A special line is made of Bee Hives and fittings. STANDEN'S MANURE (Established over 35 Years) Long known in Ireland, it is sufficient to mention Exceeds all others in General Fertilising Properties and Staying that Messrs. Dickson, of Chester, issued their new- Powers season's seed catalogue some time ago. Needless Analysis on Application to say, it is up-to-date in all that appertains to the Sold in Tins, 9d., Vegetable and Flower Garden. The well-known 1/6, 3/9, 7/- each. Cheaper in Bulk. strains of vegetaliles and flowers Chester are as For potent as ever in the world of horticulture, and Fumigating in Grcenhousca. the list is kept up to high-water mark by the "LETHORION" inclusion of new and improved varieties. IMPROVED METAL CONES Eegistersd No. 62,597 To destroy Insect Pests. The Candle attached to each Cone only needs lighting, and there is no further trouble. They are BENTLEY'S most efficacious.

No. I. For frames and •'lean-to's" up to i.ooo cubic Concentrated Alkali feet. Price, lOd. each. No. 2. For small greenhouses up to 1,500 cubic feet. (winter Price, 1 /3 each. wash) Mo. For a 3. well secured house of 2,000 to 2,500 cubic feet. Price, 1/9 each. A highly effective and most FOWLER'S popular non-poisonous Winter LAWN SAND This preparation is for destroying Daisies and other weeds on lawns and at the Wash for fruit and forest trees • same time stimulating the growth of the grass. If one tin is tried as a sample, its value of every kind. will be at once appreciated. Sales are largely increasmg. Tins, and In tins sufficient for jj t^nlloits of Wash. 1/6, 3/9 7/- Sach ; Bags, ^,{ cwt.,11/- ; cwt. Yz 21 /- ; I cwt., 39/-

1 to 5 tins, 3/3 eaoh ; 8 tins, 3/1 each ; ELLIOTT'S 12 tins, 2'11 eaoh; 20 tins, 2'9 each ; 40 tins, 2/7 each. Carriage paid on 20/- SUMMER CLOUD" SHADING Registered Trade Mark No. orders and upwards. 14,629. (The only genuine original and improved article) For Greenhouses. A pleasant green shade is given to the glass. In packets, Sole Manufacturers 1/6 for 100 feet of glass, and 4/- each for 300 feet.

Sole Joseph Bentley, Ltd. Manufacturers : Chemical Works CORRY 6 Co., Limited .Merchants and Manutaclurers of Nurservmen, Seedsmen and Florists' Sundries and Tohaccii BARROWON-HUMBER HULL Preparations Free of Duty, for AiiriculluraJ I and Horticultural Purposes. To be obtained from ail dealers in Horticultural Sundries ; vin fRfSH GARDENING

Messbs. Bakkes. of Codsall, Wolverhampton, ale Cabbagks Si'RiiNc, Sown. in tlie haliii of issuing a very interesting cata- Airard of Merit.—'Ho. !(, Paragon Drumhead, sent logue of seeds, and tlie current number is no by Messrs. Clucas; No. :Ht. Autumn Exhibitor, sent exception. C'liarniingly illustrated in colours, it by Barr; No, 37, Dwarf Fast of All, sent by Barr; contains a very useful selection of vegetable and No. 41. Ijittle Queen, sent liy Barr, flower seeds. The firm has acquired a reputation for quite a iiuniber of strains, and in hardy plants they occupy a prominent position. Tlieir e.xhihit.s Summer Cabbages. have l)een frequently seen at DuVilin flower shows, Award of Merit.—'So. (i. Glory of Enkhuizen, sent and are invarialily interesting. The catalogue is by Rice; No. 35, Earliest of AH, sent by Wiblott. very well got up, and the prices quite reasonable, Hiuhly Commended.— N<>. 27, Brunswick, sent and we commend it to allotment holders and by Barr; No. .30, Dwarf Drumhead (Gibsonli, sent others who require a variety of seeds in luoderati' by Barr; No. 56 Early Wonder, sent by Finney; quantity. No. 62, Ellam's Earlv, sent by Sydenham; Nos 101, 103, 104, Winningstadt from Sydenham, sent Trials at Wisley. by Rice, Dobbie,

The following awards have been made by tlie Council of the Koyal Horticultural Society to the undermentioned subjects, after trini at Wisley. Foul Broo(d or Bee Pest.

IVIaincroi' Potatoes. This is the subject of heallet No. 48 (revised), Airnid .—"Nos. of Merit 7-10, iVIajestic, sent by issued by the Department of Agriculture and Messrs. W. G. Holmes, Barr, Dobbie, 'Veitch; No. Technical Instruction for Ireland. The disease is 59. I'p-to-Date, sent liy Messrs. Barr (grown also a notifiable one under the Bee Pest Prevention as 42, Hein's Model, sent by Messrs. Laing & (Ireland) Act, 1908, and in view of the importance Mather; No. 0(1, Factor, sent by Barr; No. fil. Long- of the honey industry, beekeepers should make keeper, sent by Carter; No, 62, Irish King, sent by themselves acquainted with tlie nature of the Barr; Nos. fi9-74, Kerr's Pink, sent by Messrs various diseases with a view to their prevention Veitch, Clucas, Farmer and Backhouse, Dobbie, and ultimate eradication. In the leaflet under Barr. Bath. notice ample directions are given for the treat- Hiijldfi Coin III r ml rd.—Nos. 2-6, sent by Messrs. ment of affected stocks. Clucas, Sutton, Carter, Dobbie, W. G. Holme.s The leaflet deals with .iinericon Foul Brood, Nos. a'?-35. King Edward, sent by Messrs. Farmer Kinoiieiin Foul Brood, and Sae Brood. Illustra- & Backhouse, Barr, Carter; Nos" 44-46, Ally, sent tions of all three forms are given, together with by^ Messrs, Farmer & Backhouse, Dobbie,' Pnad (liriTtiniis for treatment.

COLLECTIONS ^l^Bs Finest Quality and Best Value ^IBBj. COLLECTIONS of VEGETABLE SEEDS at 5 9. 8 3, n/-, 13/6, 21 -, 31/6, 42 - upwards. Carriage Paid, Special Exhibition Collection, containing 30 of the finest Varieties to grow for Show purposes, 1 1 3. Carriage Paid. COLLECTIONS OF FUOWER SEEDS at 3 6, 5 '-, 7 6, 10 6, 21 - upwards COLLECTIONS OF EXHIBITiON SWEET PEAS.

12 finest named varieties . • 6/-

12 ,, smaller packets . 3/-

18 finest named varieties , . 10/-

WEBBS' GARDEN CATALOGUE FOR 1922. Post Free. Mention Irish Gardening.

WEBB & SONS, LTD., seed specialists, STOURBRIDGE. Reorcsented bv <'^''- W" "OURKE, North Circular Road, DUBLIN. *^ ' Mr. E. P. McGRATH, 4 Abbey Square, North Mall, CORK. — ——— — ;

IRISPI GARDENING. IX

The matter is timely, as, with the approach of Cl.vss IW.—VuUeiette. spring, stocks will begin to move, and it is of CoUerette Dahlias liave an outer ring of flat iiiipurtance tliat early attention be given where rays as in Singles, and just within this and sur- disease is known or suspected. rounding the goUh'U disc, a ring of florets (the In this connection we would mention tliat there ' collar ") with deeply-cut petals generally of a is in the January number uf the Journal of the different coloiu- from tlie outer, and only about Ministry of Agriculture, London, an excellent half their lenglli. article sliowing the progress that has been made in re-establishing the Bee Industry in Norfolk, where stocks had been wiped out by disease. C'L.iSS IV. .liieiiione-flou-ered. Copies of the leaflet may l)e obtained on appli- In Anemone-flowered Dahlias the outer ring of cation to the Secretary, Department of Agricul- flattened rays surrolmds a dense group of tubular ture and Technical Instruction, Ireland, Upper flowers, longer than the ordinary disc florets of Merrion Street, Dublin. F-etters so addressed the single-flowered class, and of a different colour. need not be stamped, but the envelopes should be " Publications." nuuked CL.iiSS V. I'oeon ij-jiuwcred. The Peeony-flowered Dahlias have large flowers consisting of three or fo'ur rows of flatly-expanded Dahlia Classification. rays somewhat irregularly arranged and surround- C'L.iSS 1. Hingle-floireied. ing a golden disc similar to that of the singles. Single Dahlias have a single, regular outer ring of flatly-expanded rays which overlap more or less Class VI. SmaU-flowered Puony. at their edges; the centre forms a golden disc. The flowers are in essentials like those of For Show purposes Single Dahlias should not Class v., but are smaller and less than 4 inches in exceed three inches in diarieter, and the eight diameter. (.only) ray florets sho^uld be smooth, somewhat re- curved at the tips, broad and overlapping so as t'j Class Vll.—Dwarf Pseony-flowered. form a perfectly round flower. Similar to Classes V. and VI., but not exceeding (See also Cactus-flowered, Class XV.) 2 feet 8 inches in height. Class II. Mignoii Single-flowered. Class VIII. Decorative. Flowers similar in all respects to Class I., but the plants do not exceed IS inches in height. Flower-heads like Class V., but centre-filled

GETTING YOUR 1 nSPRING BULBS GOODWILL

//; order tu introduce ourselves to you and to secure your regular orders for our first-class Bulbs, we are making the following RECORD BARGAIN OFFERS:—

100 Gladioli, ist size, in ID leading varieties 12/- doz. 7/- Spiraeas, Gladstone, America, Queen Alexandra . per

. 6/. Pseonies, fine mixed ...... , per doz. '" Anemones, de Caen, tine mixed ( per ICO 10/. St. Brigid • ( per 50 5/6 ,, ,, ..... per 100, I2/= per Anemone f uigens, brilliant scarlet ; 50 6/6 Persian, mixture per 100, 6/= per Ranunculus, Turban, French and in the finest ; 50 3/6 Lily of the Valley in clumps of 25, 2/3 per 100 8/= each per doz, I_illum auratum, large .... 3/- ; 30/- each, 8d. per doz. 6/= ,, tigrinum, large ...... large each, /= ; per doz. 10/. ,, speclosum rubrum, .... I large each, /= ; per doz. io/= ,, speciosum album, .... each, per doz. ,, longiflorum giganteum, large 2/- ; 20/- Lilium Henryi, orange, large each, I /3; per doz. 12/. All Large Bulbs. First Ouulily Guaranteed. Terms Cash with Order.

Carriage Paid on Orders of £1 otherwise I 6 extra.

Write for Catalogue BULB LLEENSLAG, PREYDE & CO., GROWERS, HOLLAND London Office : 90-91 QUEEN STREET. CHEAPSIDE LONDON, E.C.4 J —— — — — —

IRISH GARDENING.

Willi ray Huiets iiiiil without a yellow disc i.e., which had each floret tipped with white or striped fully doulilc. with a different colour.

Class IX. SiiKill-fluircied l>ecorufi re. Class XIII. ruinijoii. Ijike Class VIII., but flower heads smaller, and MUe Class XII., but smaller. less than 4 inches in diameter. For Show purposes the flowers of Pompon Dahlias should not exceed 2 inches in diameter. Cl.\ss X. Diniif Vecoixitire Ddhtidn. The counterpart of Class VIII. in everything Class XIV.—,s'fo /•. but height, which does not exceed 3 feet. Small, with two or four rows of rays, not, or scarcely overlaj^ping at their more or less re- Class XI. CuineUia-fiuweied. curved margins, and forming a cup-shaped flower

Fully double (without yellow disc) ; rays regu- with a golden disc. larly arranged with margins incurved so as to A long, thiu, wiry stem is characteristic of this form wide-mouthed tubes with their mouths class. lengthened and tips generally pointed. Class XV. Cactus. (This new class has been formed to contain the Florets long, generally narrow, spreading, often "Decorative" Dahlias intermediate in form twisted, with their margins recurved. between those in Classes VIII. to X. with open — There are three sub-classes ; rays, and the " Show " and " Pompon " Dahlias florets all alike. in Classes XII. and XIII. with short tubular rays, ((() Double, with (h) Semi-double, with several rows of spreading The name was suggested by Mr. H. J. Jones.) florets surrounding a central disc. Class Xll.—Shoa-. (t) Single, with one, more or less regular, row- only of spreading florets around a centra! Fully double, over .ji inches in diameter, almost disc. globular, centre florets like outer, but smaller, Class Dwarf Cactus. witli margins incurved, tubular, short, and blunt XVI. at mouth. The counterpart of Class XV., but not exceeding " This class includes tlie old " Fancy Dahlias, :i feet in height.

ALPINE PLANTS 12 GRAND HARDY PERENNIALS E.xteiisive and varied stock to offer in Award of Merit strong- healthy plants. CATALOGUE FREE VARIETIES This is a most valuable list g-iving informa- tion as to the soil and position required, period of flowerinjf, heig:ht, space required, and other useful hints. CTOod stocks of Fruit Trees, Roses, Ornamental Trees and Shrubs Catalogues on application.

The Barnham Nurseries, Ltd., Barnham, Sussex

|iiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiitjiiiiiiiiniMiiNiriiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiMiuiiiiiiiniiMiiiNiiiiiiiiii[iliiiiiiii]iiii^

I Pocket Edition Catalogue. \ McHattie's Scotch Seeds I | I DEVELOP HARDY PLANTS

These seeds have become popular by the fact that they are made up into popular price packeta. They are all guaranteed true and are produc- tions of the higliest percentage in quantity and quality alike

Send postcard for booklet; it contains a complete outline of all the strains together with special and interesting cultural directions

I McHATTIE & Co., s^^S ^S!;^, CHESTER | " j !

BEE-KEEPING MADE PROFITABI-E Every Bee-Kcepcr who desires success should read THE IRISH BEE JOURNAL Death to the Weeds {ESTABLISHED 1901). One gallon of Hoyte's Weed Ulllclal Organ of the Irish sjMi Alllllated Beekeepers' As^ociii'jons. Killer makes 20 galls, of solu- THE ONLY BEE PAPER IN IRELAND tion for spraying Garden -' _. ..„„... ,1.,^ ,- Rcr--- •• ,:,,..^. _^ . Paths, Walks, Drives, etc. "(I 1 gall. 2/6, 5 galls. 1 1/3, 10 gaUs. 20'. 1-itropo. "--American Bce-K:- Tins charged t :

Monthly : 2s. Post Free. 2d. 6d. 11,

" the Eflitor 'Irish line P!?5nT,'r,ar 'rer r,n?!> By ' iHE ^'iirnal." 'l-'hf 1 ' r-i. 150 itii' _uver, \i. ]'' ; Hoyte , Limited ;iiia i.'iaijh Rynu. Dromua. \ 01 all III; - at.-. 16 LOWER SACIIVILLE ST. :: DUBLIN

^iilllillllllilllllllllilllllillllliillliiiillllllillliilllllllllillllliliLH j*'Irish Gardening'' Bes Coals ^ AN lLLUSTRATi;D MONTHLY S ALSO = Offices—53 Upper Sackville St., Dublin = Gas Coke, Breeze & Slack = Subsoriptions—6'- per annunii post free. = Prompt and rarefui attention to Orders, ~ Editorial. —All Editorial Communications, copy = S and photographs should be addressed to — — " The Editor. = Flower & McDonald = Business Communications.—All leticis re- = = garding Subscriptions, Advertisements and — 14 D'OLIER STREET, DUBLIN other business matters must be addressed — S Also at Malahide, Skerries and " Balbricgan S The Manager." S " Teletrrams i DONALD, DUBLIN." Telephons No, 84*

^iiiiiiiiiiii|iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiii:i

BOOKS

Reports, Pdmphlets and TransacUom

Published, Printed, Illustrated and

Bound on the Best Terms for Authon

Editors, Secretaries and others by FALCONER Printer d* Booh^Pindtr

\ 53 Upper Sackville St., DUBLIN ^ POWER WATER FORD

':i'f:- Seeds and Trees

of every description FOR

Garden : and Farm

iiiiiiiitMiininitiiiHiiiiiiniiittii

Bulbs for : Garden and Greenhouse

CATALOGUES FREE.

Wm. Power & Co., Waterford Nurserymen, Bulb Growers and Seedmerchants.

V II /^rVXIL"T> TtTlTX-TPD IM^IITI IL, 1922 SIXPENCE

rdening

Contents

PAGE PAGE

Some Aromatic Pleints^ and; Shrubs . 37 The Earliest Daffodil (Illustrated) . 43

' Notes from Rostrevor , 38 Greenhouse Cree . . . 43

Planting Evergreens . 40 Some Rare Fe;i.i ior the Rock Garden 44 Antirrhinums . 40

Vegetable Notes . 45 Primroses and Polyanthus Old Forms of Poiyanthiis 45 The Forsylhias 41

Hollyhocks . 45 Gladioli 41 Allotments 46 Some Alpines in a Dalkey Garden

(Illustrated) . . The Month's Work . Al Hardy Annuals .... Award of Garden Merit 4S

PP. MiSi ^^^^ikA^ ^;m *ff^ ^i^. y.i

mm i^i^f^ Department of Agriculture and Technical Instimotion for Ireland

i- eeo!!. _ rstutfs Miscellaneous Section^

RICHARD G. McM. SMYTH, f.r.h.s, DESIGNS & LAYS OUT LAWKS & PLEASURE J. M. Veldhuyzen van Zanten GROUNDS, CONSTRUCTS PERGOLAS & PLANTS WATER, ROCK, FLOWER AXD BOG GARDENS Wholesale Bulb Grower MOUNT HENRY, DALKEY, CO. DUBLIN LISSE, Holland

LITTLES Gladiolus, Begonias, and other late ripcninj,'- .Siuft" a Speciality. Fruit Tree Spraying Fluids All sorts Assure the Prog^ressive l-iuii Cirower of Clean of Dutch liulbs and Flower Roots in Healthy Trees in Branch, Twiy and Bud, followed excellent quality, at moderate prices. by Good and Plentiful Crops. Prices will gladly be sent on application. Pesticide.— For Blight, Black Spot, Mussel

Scale, &c. , on Apple and other Fruit Trees. Antipest. — For Red Spider, &c., on Goose- berry Trees. Used by all the leading Sweet Pea growers as a preventive and cure of CHRYSANTHEMUMS Streak. Gcneml CiitalngKCS of all t/te Icadini; 0/ alt Nurserymen, Seedsmen. Florists, &c., or direct varieties iw-n ready, post free, from from KEITH, LUXFORD «& CO. MORRIS, LITTLE & SON. Ltd.. Doncaster SHEERING NURSERIES HAR LO W,-= ESSEX

THEY ARE THE BEST AND CHEAPEST ALL HAND ^L-^DE

Artistic Fern Pans and Bulb Bowls WELLS' CATALOGUE state Quantities and Sizes required, ani OF have ^'Carriage Paid" quotation, or urite lor Price List—FREE RICHARD SANKEY & SON, Ltd. CHRYSANTHEMUMS Royal Potteries. Biilwell, Nottingham NOW READY

Post free on application To SEED W. WELLS & COMPANY MERCHANTS WI ERST H AIM, SURREY

TF there is one kind of advertis- ing which lends itself more than any other to artistic resuh- AUTOSHREDSAUT[ is S% producing illustration it the ^«m advertising of Seeds. !N DEATH to l^eaf- <*^^SP', ''^ : Vi;* milling Ma,jfio^s, White Fly and illnslratc the The more you all Pests infestiii;? Plants under better the results. We produce Glass. In boxes lo fumigate l.ouo

very beautiful Line, Tone, and cubic feet, 1/- ; 2.500 cubic feet,

Colour blocks for this purpose- 1 /9 ; 10,000 cubic feet (fer ordin- aiT Placls), 4/6; 10,000 cubic fe«t IRI5H PHOTO- {for tender foliagpd Plants), 6/- Obtained <^" LtP. eacli. of all pritwipal -ENGC/IMNG Septi'!iui>'n and Florists. Makers:— 50 Middle Abbey St. Dublin. d^^s^s^ Vlf. Darlington & Sons, Ltd. BURNS ON THE, CROUNO NO APPARATU5 REQUl«tO riACKNEY. LO\0Orsl, F.s ALPINE PLANTS z: Telephone 154. Telegrams: Hawlmark. = HARDY PERENNIALS Extensive and varied slock to offer in = If we have served you well ^^ strong- healttiy plants. CATALOGUE FREE Please tell your Friends = ^ This is a most valuable list g-lving" informa- tion as to the soil and position required heii^ht, = If not lell us. We want everyone interested = period of flowering;, space required, and other useful hints. 1= in gardening to know = Good stocks of Fruit Trees, Roses, = ABOUT = Ornamental Trees and Shrubs CtttidogHcs oil (ippliciifioii.

= The Barnham Nurseries. Ltd., Barnham^ Sussex = Famous Hawlmark Seeds

~ Of tested germination. Moderate in = ^ price. The result of the combined ^ « efforts of three generations of specialists. ~. PROTECT YOUR BUDS FROM = ^ They ought to be AND ARE the best FROST AND BIRDS. = which can be produced. Our catalogue ^ Best setectefl Waterproof Garden Nets, small mesh, oilcl and = will teU you all about them, and can = dressed, 25 yds. by 1 yd, 3/6 ; 25 yds. by 2 yds., 7/- ; 25 yda. r::: be had post free on application. ;: :: = by 3 yds., 10/6. Any length or width supplied. As supplied by u8 to the Royal Gardens. Cheaper kind kept in stock Carr. iiai'l. Ketablished 120 >cars

Alex. Dickson & Sons, Ltd. H. J. j | GASSON & SONS ij?{|',"suls^\.'''" = HAWLMARK, 61 DAWSON ST., DUBLIN ^ iri GOLD MEDAL. CHRYSANTHEMUMS

(Catalogue free, containing full list of all the best || antl up-to-date varieties in all sections. Also list of \\ V. LEMOINE & SON Novelties for 1922. fl .yL'ffS£ffy.v£.y GOLD MEDAL MICHAELMAS DAISIES

1 shall be pleased to supply for 63/- one each of the NANCY FRANCE .'jU varieties for which I was awaviled the Gold Medal of NEW and RARE PLANTS A SPECIALITY the K. U.S., in September last, or will make special selections and 20/- per dozen. Catalogue No. 195, printed in English, tree on application at 10/-, 15/- GOLD MEDAL PERENNIAL PHLOX

If you want the best try U. J. JONES' selection. 12 very fine all colours, mixed, 6/- 12 DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE-GUIDE OF unnamed, ; very tine named varieties, 10/-; 12 extra tine uamed, 15/-; 12 very tine new varieties, 20/-, Cataloj^ue of the above and Alpine & Herbaceous Plants many other good plants from POST FREE Ryecroft Nurseries, Violet Runners, La France and Princess H. J JONES, Lewisham,London,S.E.13 of Wales. 3/6 doz. ; 25/- loo, post free.

Maxwell* Beale, The Dorset Nursery, Bi'oadstoiie, Dorset. SEED 26 and iiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMniiiiiiirniiiniiiiiiHij BEGONIAS 5 = per packet Pocket Edition Catalogue. i For Exhibition, Greenhouse, Bedding-, Hang- ing Baskets, &c. Awarded 56 Gold Medals. McHattic's Scotch Seeds Illustrated Cataloirnc free. | SEEDS and DEVELOP HARDY PLANTS DELPHINIUMS PLANTS

These seeds^have become papular by the fact that from oiir unsurpassed Gold Medal Collection, they aie m. de up into popular price packets. choice named vai-ielies in strong ground They are all guaranteed true and are produc- tions of the higliesi percentage in qu:intity and roots, 20/-, 25/-, 30 '-, 40/- and 50/- per doz. quality aliku Oilier Spefialities—

Send postcard for booklet; it contains a complete Carnations, Cyclamen, Gloxinias, onilinf of .ill the strains together with special and Polyanthus, Blue Primrose, Michael- interesting cultural directions mas Daisies, Violets. &c. BLACKMORE and LANGDON, BATH McHATTIE & Co., sI^S 'h"!,! CHESTER

llintlllMIIIIIIII IIIIIIINIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIlMllllllltllll IRISH GART^ENING. Ill

lllinilllllltlllllllllllMIIIIIIII.MIIIMIIIIIIIKIIIIIII |||l||||l|lllllir£ .*- Indispensable in the Garden. "JiE BEES' WELSH« THOMSONS GROWN ROSES CELEBRATED MANURES ^P It I'orcign-Groun Roses were equal Moderate Tlioroughly to Hoine-Grown, tliere would be no iiiarUet for tlie Brilisli product, because Foreign- in Price sustaining- Grown stocks cost less to buy, tiiough they invari- and ot leading to ably prove dearer in tile end. Many do not

survive tiie first WiiUer ; many are rubbisiiy sorts Highest '=/» vigorous, wrongly bearing well-iinown names. Tiierefore, Quality and / healthy, and the few wliich survive, cost several times as much as Bees' Guaranteslcd M'elsh-Grovvn. Reared Analysis fruitful growth. on Bees' wind-swept farmlands in North Wales, these Our Manures are the direct result nf many .vears practical Roses are able to withstand the most rigorous experience in all brandies of Horticulture, and .after over 10 climatic conditions when transplanted to any part years on the market, still hold lirst place in the estiniatiijii of the British Isles. Try any of the of Horticulturists all over the world for quality and results. — following Vine, Plant and Vegretable Manure—unrivalled for all collections :

£;ardeu crops -1 cwt . 32/-; 5B lbs, 17/-; 28 lbs., 9/6; 14

lbs., 5 6; 711)S.,3/- ; this, 1,6. "A " Collection, 24 good Roses for General Special Top-dressin§: Manure, an excellent stimttlant— - 3,'- Purposes, 40 carriage paid. 56 lbs ,17,- ; 28 lliS.,9,6 ; 14 lbs,, 5 6; 7 lbs.,

'" ' r}W~ Wiifr for cfti' BooUft—po^t, fn'conrequesi "^li B Collection, 24 good Roses for Exhibi- Sold by Nurserymen and Seedsmen everywhere, tion, 40 - carriage paid.

SOLE M/VKERS I "K " Collection, 12 best Roses for general Thomson Sons, Ltd., Clovenfords, Scotland Wm. & cultivation, 18 - carriage paid.

' S ' Collection, 6 Roses suitable for trellis, pergola, pillar, etc, 12/- carriage paid.

Write To-day enclosing 3d. stamps for Bees" Illus- tritted Seed or Rose and 66S THE LINCOLN PEA Plant Catalogue, post free 181 B MILL ST. on request. " Another customer writes us : Your •.illllllltlllillllliillllliiiiiiiiirii LIVERPOOL. Pea has again been a success Lincoln ;

I have grown 223 lbs. from a quart . . .

all my friends are delighted with it."

Price 1/9 pint, post paid ; 12/- peck, =:I1IMIIIIIIIIII|L= Carriage paid, passenger train. T. M. LINCOLN & CO.

SEEDSMEN :: BOSTON, LINCS. GIANT SWEET PEAS I OFFER FOR 1922 I SPECIAL How does your Garden Crow ? I The following Sweet Peas are a very choice I selection of the Giant Waved or Frilled Type I (four-flowered under good cultivation), repre- You I senting a wonderful range of colour suitable i for garden effect, for cutting in abundance, also strong growers, giving must I superb for exhibition. All I good stems. = The 50 Choicest Varieties - 22/6 karve 40 „ 17/6 30 126 IVIcKexizie's 24 10/6 18 8,'- 12 5/6 SeeclSx = Post free |

I BOOKLET, '^ Bow to grow Sweet Peas," price Zd., given free | when for. to give a satisfied answer. f ivith each order asked ^ 1 Write for Catalogue giving details of all the finest Sweet Peas i I in existence, the choicest Flowers .nd Vegetables for 1922- | Send to-day to Great Brunstaicl- Sfrfpt Duhll.n for postcard 1 The step free Catatog^ie. Only a first ! HENRY ECKFORD, l^ll];,^!^ | to Garden contentment. = (Dept. 69), WEM, SHROPSHIRE | mimimii iiimm miimiT' ^iiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiiiiii mil mill BY TO HIS MAJESTY APPOINTMENT THE KING MACKENZIE & MONGUR LIMITED HOTHOUSE BUILDERS & HEATING ENGINEERS ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS AND IRONFOUNDERS

Registered Office and Works, BALCARRES STREET. EDINBURGH Iron Foundry SLATEFORD ROAD, EDINBURGH LONDON 8 CAMDEN ROAD, N.W. GLASGOW 121 ST. VINCENT STREET HOTHOUSES, HEATING, ELECTRIC LIGHTING, IRON FOUNDING Surveys Made Estimates and Plans Supplied

W. RICHARDSON s Co SPECIALISTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ALL KINDS HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS, ALSO HEATING ENGINEERS

Plans and Estimates prepared free of cost Large Catalogue of photographic views of Horticultural Buildings DARLINGTONfree on application (LONDON OFFICE: Albert Mansions. 92 Victoria St., S.W.I) a IRISH GARDENING A MONTHLY JOLRXAI. DE\'OTED TO THE VOLUME X\II APRIL AD\'ANCEMEXT OF HORTICL'LTL RF, ,VND No. 194 1922 ARBORICULTURE L\ IRELAND Editor -J. W. Besant

Some Aromatic Plants and Shrubs*

I ON.SIDERING liow visitors makes a stouter procmnbent bush, and is rejjre- to (jur gardens appreciate sented by green, and gold, silver, and tri-coloured sprigs of sweet-snie!liiig variegated forms. Of reputed species, T. nticanx, " plants to take home with T. Zipjus, and T. lunreolatus are prostrate carpets them." it is surprising how of erect, wiry, green foliaged stems. T. eric-ifolius few of these plants are is taller, with loose, erect branches, T. erertus and L'Kiwn in the average T. strirtiis are rigid bushes—the former round and LMrilen. Of smaller shrubs, the latter fastigiate, and like a dwarf juniper. T. Kosi-mary, Lavender, and (jflonitissimus is one of the best, bearing a profu- Tliynie are quite common, sion of pink flowers on large, loose heads. T. and, of larger shrubs, the hirsutvs is a small woolly tuft, and T. Herha- Bay and tlie Myrtle are harona is a creeper, smelling strongly of Caraway most frequently met seeds. with. But many other The Origanum.s—" Marjorams "—are fragrant ])lains with aromatic foli- herbs, mostly with pretty flowers. O. Dictarnnus— " age are rarely found except in old-fashioned "Dittany"—with drooping pink flow-ers, O. pul- gardens," and one regrets that many more of them vlinnn —sub-shrubby—with silver leaves and are not generally grown. A considerable number pink flowers, 0. vtilijare uuieum, and 0. hybri- are evergreen, and one appreciates these in the (luiii are possibly the pick, and all these are dull winter months; others, in addition to their hardy. But in certain favoured localities near the aroma, have the added charm of beauty of flower. sea and elsewhere under glass (in winter) one The following list does not claim to be exhaustive, meets with one of the most fragrant of all shrub- it of the aromatic-foliaged but contains most lets—a low bush of light grey-green foliage, plants to be found in cultivation. woody stems, and inconspicuous flowers. This is In addition to the common Lavender, with its known in Ireland as " 0. species." It is not, alas ' flowers, there is a dwarf form var. ncnni- lilac — fully hardy; but every portion of it—green or compacta, with deep blue flowers; var. alha, with dry—is deliciously aromatic, and I prefer it to eonipact, white flowers, and var. ('riappenlmll, Lavender for household use. with deep lavender flowers. One also occasionally Mentha piperita—" peppermint "—is well meets with L. stwrhds, with larger flowers, L. known. M. ratundifolia—" pineapple mint "— L. lunatn, with dentdta, with fringed foliage, and has also a silver variegated form. J/. 7^e(,|.i <>.)— not very hardy. wonderful woolly foliage, and tiny caipeter from Corsica—has an even stronger is the type, a floppy bush. Of Rosemarys, there odour of peppermint. upright It. officinalis. Var. sirirta—a compact, Mellissa officin(iU.i—" Balm "—is nearly related with gold and silver variegated form. Forms to Cahtmiiitlia, of which C. alpiiui and C. (irandi- the delightful var. prostrata, which foliage, and fiora are wiry creepers with purple flowers. rocks, and is rarely out of " hugs the surface of Micromeria—" pepper nettle —has a rather flower. pungent odour. .1/. croaticu, M. rjra'ca, and M. common Sage, SaU-ia officiiudis, has golden The Boutjlasi are all worth growing. forms, and a form, and tri-coloured variegated One must not overlook the old-fashioned Ber- with curled foliage. There are many var. rrispa, gamot, Monurda didijma, with its crimson, scarlet, Salvias, not all aronuitic or hardy; but two of the or rose flowers. This is frequently disappearing candelohrum and .'>'. Gregii shi'ubby kinds, .V. from gardens, from the failure of its possessor to (the Rosemary-scented Sage) are hardy in most realise that Moiwnla feeds only on the surface: it gardens. soon exhausts the surface soil, and needs constant offcinalis—ihe common hyssop—has Ilyssopiis replanting in fresh soil. blue and, more rarely, red or white, flowers. Chamomiles have pungent many interesting small Anthemis.—lhe The Thymes give us but the Artemisias viduans, there rather than aromatic foliage, plants. Of the common Thyme, T. —" intensely aromatic. " wilcl wormwoods "—are often is a variegated form. Of T. sei-pylluin also A. C'amphorata and A. Geiiipi are good examples. there are forms with white, purple, and Thyme," Mi/rrhis odoratu—" Sweet Cicily "—is crown m scarlet flowers, the last—var. coccineus, is particai- gardens; it has pretty fern-like foliage are all prostrate mats, ho most herb larly attractive. These but Chrysanthemum halsamifa with woolly foliage and lilac- and white flowers; is var. lanuginosus, —" Costmary "—which was once largely gro\vn pink flowers. seen. for its green". sciMited foliage, is now rarely Var. c-/f/iorfon(S—the vci liena-scented thyme- — — — ;

38 IRISH GARDENING

/(/icd.si.s, and .V. ciilifinn have pli'iisiiig white, waxy fruits. Ijastly, where climatii' conditions permit, the '"antiful TAiiiieliii urdiimtiin should l)e grown.

I his charming plant is e.xtieinely rare, l)ul licaltliy plants of it will l)e found in favoured ;iardcns like those of Sir .lohn Ross of Bladens- Inirg at Rostrevor and of Mrs. Hart at Wuodsidc, Ho^''^'- MuHIiAV HORNIBROOK.

Notes from Rostrevor.

Among the many plants recently introduced into

I his country is Buddleia officinalis, one of the rarliest of the genus, and producing panicles of .-,iuall, pale, ])ink-mauvc scented fiowers with a yellow eye. It was not supposed to be very hardy, and it failed outside once or twice, but now seems established in a sheltered corner, li. ijhibiesceiiK, another new species, is in good bud, but has not yet oi)ened. Acacia dealbata and .1. decuireiix are both in fine bloom, yellow and fragrant; to be followed almost immediately by A. aimata. Caiiii'tlid liipoiiica, red, and C. tiiaijiwli:tfl

1', P. flmibiindn . This last Gale "—is the best known. .¥. reiifi'm, .1/. r(//o- titiinraiirnsi.t, and IRISH GARIJEI^JING 39 species is tlie nllrartii.n.-i one of best aiu] most attractive of of fli.- wild gaidcn, and il is sliniljs at the present time; it is literally covered the proper time i.i plant them. A few words with erect racemes of wliite flowers like Lily-of- on some of tliciii may close these notes. 1 he-Valley, well set off by the li^ht-brown pedicels. The most interesting is j)i

Planting Evergreens. Anlirrhinums : A, Wealth of Beauty tor Experienced i)l;uitfis usually choose siiiluble every Garden. weather in (_)ctolier or April for moving evergreen I'KW subjects have been appreciated more for tluir trees or slirubs. When the work is carefully done value for beautifying a garden, or marked with so at either season tliero is generally very little check many imijrovements during this last twenty years, to the plants. The great aim is to retain the leaves as have Antirrhinums—the Snapdiagons. When as long as possible, and this is best achieved by one comes to consider their all round capabilities, transplanting when the groiuid is moist and warm it is not after all a matter for surprise that they and in a state to encourage immediate root action. should be so often met with, and when we bear in " Many planters prefer April with its growing mind how easily they may be raised and perpetu- atmosphere," and with the whole summer to com- ated, and how few indeed are their needs, we should plete and consolidate the growth before winter sets be surprised w'ere they not popular. Those who ar(; in again. I'here is just a" danger, when planting able to go back " in their mind's eye," say forty is done in April, that a dry spell may come on or fifty years, and call to recollection the limited before the plants become established, and in the sorts then in cultivation, and compare them with ease of valuable sijecimens this should be guarded the legacy of beauty which is ours to-day, may be against by timely mulching of the surface soil able to appreciate more fully the work of the over the roots with rotten manure or leaves; it raisers of new varieties during the years. We know will even be necessary in some cases to syringe the of no plant which may be grown as an annual, or specimens daily to retain a more or less moist at- biennial, and to some extent almost as a per- mosphere about the plants, and so prevent as much ennial, that is so lavish with its flowers, or that as possible, evaporation from the leaves. Many will bloom for such a lengthened period, provided Conifers succeed splendidly from spring planting, seed pods are not allowed to form, and deter them and the fine species of Abies, Picea and Pinus may in their mission of beauty. That Antirrhinums still be i^lanted early in the month, also the many will grow in soil that cannot by any means be species and varieties of Cupiessus, Taxus, Prum- termed rich, is common knowledge, hence their nopitys, Podocarpus, Cepluilotaxus. and in mild great worth to the town gardener. We know, too, districts, Dacryduim, Fitzroya, Athrotaxis, Saxe- that plants raised from seed sown in heat will gothea, Keteleeria, and others. In many cases the bloom in the summer, we also know that they are rarer kinds are grown in pots by nurserymen, so not dependent on heat for their raising, but may that they can be moved at almost any season, and be reared from seed sown in the open ground in for these April will be found an excellent month May, and in addition to this may be propagated to procure plants for immediate planting. Healthy from cuttings taken in late autunni and inserted young Hollies do well as a rule wiien planted in in a cold frame in sandy soil. spring, and whether tor hedge purpo.;es or for Present D.w Sorts. —As varieties to-day differ single specimens, the present month is a good one in point of haliit, some being tall and suitable for for planting. the back of a border; otiiers of medium height of Many other evergreens can also be planted this service for beds, etc., whilst some are so dwarf that month—for instance. Rhododendrons in great they are frequently to be seen in window boxes, and variety, and surely there are no more beautiful used as edging plants in a garden, so, too, are evergreens than many of the species and varieties they diverse in colour from pure white and yellow, of this marvellous genus, ranging from liny plants to salmon and crimson and gold; from richest pink of a few inches high to giants of 15 to "20 feet. and apricot to deepest flame, as represented by Others are Osmantlnis Vnrtuvni, 0. iKiiiifoViiiiii, 0. Bonfire and Sunset, two varieties that marked a (irrnata, and the beautifid (>. Vehtvayi, now in new departure in Antirrhinums. flower; PhiUi/rrdiis, Enoityinus japoiiicus, E. radi- Culture.—As we have hinted, the cultivation of cans, the better kinds of Privet such as Ligustnnii these very charming plants in a garden is not luckluiii, L. Jiinryi, L. I'ratiii, Myrtles, such as difficult at all, and whilst they will give splendid the common Myrtle, Myitus communia, and its results if planted in soil of a loamy character, variety inrint'tna, M. Luina better known as helped w-ith a little rotted or artificial manure, they Eur/enia apiruJiifii, Ulinmniis alateriius rdriegatiis will give a good account of themselves it planted with charming silver variegated leaves, liaphiu- out in ordinary garden soil well dug and fairly lepis Delacouri, I'liotiitids of several species. Azaran well drained. Sunlight is essential for their well- and many others. Needless to say, well prepared being, and in all other respects they present no soil is essential to success and no efforts should real obstacles, often to be foinid blooming almost be spared to make the soil suitable for the plants. as well in a closed in garden of a town, as in that Rhododendrons, and most plants of that family, re- in the open country. For massing in beds in colour quire peat or leaf-mould, and if the soil contains scheme, we know of no plant that serves us so lime, as so much of it does in Ireland, then avoid well, so long as they are continuously relieved of the mistake of digging out the staple soil and filling theii s))ent blossoms. in with peat, form the beds on the surface, and AV. TilNOETiS IjEA. topdress the plants when they show signs of poverty. In other cases pulverise the soil thoroughly and enrich with leaf soil or rotten *^f t^^ ^* manure if necessary. Plant firmly, but take care not to bury the roots too deeply; if soil is the dry Primroses and Polyanthus. water thoroughly, for there is no better way of settling the soil about the roots. Finally, watch A Correction. the plants carefully all sunmier, and guard against In the second last paragraph, last sentence, " pure any appearance of suffering from lack of water. white " should read " pine white." This is a Jack- Large specimens should be secured against swaying in-the-Green single with white flowers, yellow in by wind. the centre. B. AjlAR.lNTHE. — ; IRISH GARDENING.

The Forsythias. Gladioli.

Amonu the flowering shnilis of late March and April is probalily the best mouth for planting early April none is more attractive than the autumn-flowering Gladioli. The soil is moist, and Forsythias. For many years practically only three already the surface is becoming warm ; hence species were known—namely. F. suspensa, F. iii- growth begins at once, and, under normal con- teniiedia. and F. r'niiH-i.'eautifully with the will be succeeded by others during the summer. Asters, Sunilowers, Heleniunis, &c., of late The stiffer form, F. Fdi-fiinei, is well adapted for sunmier and autiunn. growing as an isolated specimen or in a shrid)- But the herbaceous border is liy no means ii.o bery, preferably among evergreens, where its only place for them. Where beds of one kind of leafless branches, wreathed w-ith golden-yellow herbaceous plants are grown, such as of Delphini- flowers, make a rare picture. There is a very fine ums, Lupins, Paeonias for early summer flower- Foiiuiiei. China liy ing. variety of F. introduced from Gladioli may be planted between ; then when Mr. Ernest Wilson, to whom our gardens owe so the faded lloweis of the herbaceoiis plants are imich. It is named F. Fortunei (lirocaulis, and cut over, the Gladioli jiush up and llnwer from has dark brownish, black shoots, on which are August onwards. borne large clear yellow flowers. It is one of the Shrubbery borders, too, may be made gay by most distinct of the Forsythias, and a shrub of planting groups of various-coloured Gladioli in singular beauty. the open spaces between the shrubs. In the latter /''. iiitcniiedid is a reputed liyl)rid between F. case, if the soil seems rather poor, remove it to suspensa and the green-steunued F. riridis-frnm the depth of nine inches and place a couple of hence the specific name, intermedia. It forms in inches of rotten manure in the bottom, covering time a nmch-braiiched shruli. the main branches it with two inches of the soil removed; then place giving rise to smaller secondary growths whicli the corms and fill in the remainder of the soil. bear inniuiierable golden-yellow flowers in April. ,A.s a general rule. Gladioli should be ])lantecl This species does not requiie the annual cutting about four to five inches deep, even six inches back of the branches after flowering, which is in light soils, and the corms should be an advantage in the case of F. siispensii, but it at least nine inches apart to allow for the develop- certainly benefits from an occasional thinning out ment of the leaves and flower spikes. of the older shoots. Three new forms of inter- The prinnilinus hylirids are not quite so robust media have of late years become popular in in growth, and may lie planted closer and nearer gardens. These are: F. nitermediii densifloia, the front of borders and slirid)beries. Some of the a particularly floriferous variety of extraordinary newer varieties, however, that have inherited the beauty; F. iiitennedia sj}ectiihilis, with immense yellow colour of the " Maid of the Mist " {G. pii- golden-yellow- flowers abundantly produced; F. iti- tauVinus) are of handsome proportions, and quite ferinedia i-itrU'tii(i, a robust, vigorous grower, with as fine as the forms of (Tandncensis or Leiiiuhiei. remarkably lich golden-yellow flowers. It has been customary in the past to speak of. a.ul F. viridi'ssiina, although, in the writer's opinion, to recognise certain garden races of Gladioli, such not so ornamental as any of the foregoing, is of as ChUdsii. Gciidavetisis. Xanceinnas. and value in being later in flowering; the flowers are Leiaaiiiei. but the tendency now is to blend them paler in colour, and, owing to the green colour of all, so that it is hardly po-ssibly to distinguish the the shoots and to the leaves being retained to original races. This is all to the good, and has some extent through mild winters, they are not resulted already in great improvements in form, seen to the same advantage as on the leafless colour, and constitution. The evolution of the shoots of the others described. Gladiolus as a garden plant is proceeding apace, Forsythias like a good, deeply-worked soil to and every year sees the production of new and develop fully and show their true beauty, but. improved .sorts, and we now have thousands given this, no shrubs are easier to manage or of beautiful varieties. more consistently satisfactory. It is quite impossible to give anything purport- They are easily propagated by cuttings of half- ing to be a list of the best. Intending planters ripe young .shoots iir July. nuist considt a good catalogue and select the is plant If t were limited to three of the best, I should colours most preferred. The Gladiolus a choose the slender form of F. suspensa (F. .SV- for everybody, and adorns the villa garden equall,-' holdii), F. Foituuei (jfronnilis. and F. iiiieniiedid well with the large iniblic park. spertahilis. The nurserymen and seedsmen advertising in B. this .lournal can supply all the best varieties. B. IRISH GARDENING

the face of tin- rock as if clinging to it, mark it nut at once as a Suxifiiujt apart from all others. The flower spike is .stitf, and la<-ks the gracefulness of the fine forms of .S. ('(ityUilati pi/rdinitlalis, and with many people tire chief beauty of S. lunuifoJia ii found in its magnificent rosette. I'nfortunately it dies after flowering, and jjroduces no offsets. It comes freely from seed, but it hybridizes with 'very silver and aizoon in the garden, so that it IS no use relying on seed that has not been pro- ticted against fertilization from other plants. The seedlings sliould l]e put into their permanent (juarters whilst still small, say about the size of a shilling. If larger it is difficult to get them into a satisfactory position without injury to the leaves, which are somewhat brittle, and if broken the rosette will not develop, ,but will .split up. They -linuld have a good root-run and lime in the soil. Tlie plant shown in the illustration measures 9 inches in diameter, and is one of a batch raised trom seed—some of the seed may not germinate until the second or even the third year, and it is di-sirable to keep the seed pan on the chance of irctting a second or even a third crop from it. The Italian ('cniipanulu Uoplij/lla is somewhat li-ndei', and on that account is not very often seen i[ gardens, though well grown specimens are fre- |iu-ntly seen in cottage windows. It loves sun and

.1 dry place, but the latter is essential; it is damp and not cold that is so fatal to many tender sun- loving plants. Here it flourishes in an almost \rrtical fissure in the natural rock (granite), and icceives no attention save an occasional search for woodlice during an extra spell of dry weather, l^ast summer it was a glorious sight, clothing the rock with a long sheet of large dazzling white flowers in constant succession, and with prodigal pi-ofusion tor several weeks. A vertical position will be found to be the secret of success with ma.ny plants that usually prove UXAI.l^ liNN'K.U'in LI.A KOSIJA AT (_'l.IFTON, DaLKEY, difficult or impossible the flat or a gentle Co. Dublin. on on slope.

.T. Harper Scaife. Some Alpines in a Dalkey Garden. Hardy Annuals. OxALis ENNEAPHYi.LA is still Somewhat rare in rock gardens, although its culture is not difficult, and Not every one realises the value of hardy annuals or small. large amongst choice plants it is pre-eminent for beauty. in gardens large In gardens much The variety rosra has blooms that are flushed dependence is placed on so-called bedding plants with a delicate pink. It does not seem to increase requiring considerable accommodation and a so rapidly as the type, but otherwise it is a " good certain amount of artificial heat to produce plants doer." suitable for planting out in .Tune. The advantage Like the type it comes from the Falkland Islands, of bedding plants lies in the fact that they can flowering plants are where it never gets sun-baked, and it should there- be put in immediately spring fore be given a position where the contour of the over, and so there is little or no break in the dis- ground or adjacent rocks will shade it from the play. Hardy annuals, on the other hand, if to lie sun during the hottest part of the day. Here it sown Avhere they are to flower, must be sown in has an eastern aspect at the bottom of a slope, early April, when most spring flowering plants and rocks on the south and east partially screen are approaching the heyday of their beauty. Con- made to have it from midday on. The flowers are sensitive to sequently arrangements must be atmospheric changes—so long as the sun .shines space vacant at that time for the reception of the they are open, but if rain comes they close up. seed. or It ripens seed fairly well, but so far I have not It is not usual now to have empty beds at all, succeeded in raising it from gathered seed, although borders in April since, without any heat self-sown seedlings from the type have appeared in many kinds of spring flowering plants can be most cases yards away from the parent plant. raised in the previous summer and planted in the It can. however, be propagated by careful divi- autumn. are sion Avhilst the plant is at rest. A well-grown Wliere, however, herbaceous perennials rosette of Siij-ifrfKja lomftfolUi on the perpendicular grown, it will be found a convenient and useful sowing hardy face of tlie rock work is one of the most striking plan to supplement the display by effect of objects -in the rock garden. There is no risk of annuals between them, and the general will very improved. confusing f>. IrnujifoliK with any of the big silvers. the beds or borders be much The size of the rosette thickly packed with long, Tall kinds, such as iMratcm aplrmlms, Lark- of narrow leaves, beautifully encrusted, which follow spurs. Malopc grandiflora , Chrysanthemums — IRISH GARDENING 43

"star" type. Peas so on, may occupy the Sweet and Greenhouse Creepers. positions from the middle to the back of the border, while t->wards the front a great variety of GBEENHOtrsES and conservatories contaiuin" Clarkias, Godetias, Lininiis, Mignonette, Phacelia, flowering and foliage plants, particularly orna° Escholtzia, Love-in-a-Misi, Shirley Poppies. Lin- mental-leaved plants like Coleuses, for e.x-ample, arias, Coreopsis, and many others may lie sown. need a partial shade during the summer months These are all hai-dy annuals and can lie sown in from the fierce rays of the sun. if the subjects the open ground, in genial weather, in early April. growing therein are to attain anything like a Open spaces in shrubberies may be utilised, and degree of perfection. Apart from this, the house manj^ a suburban front garden might be gay all is rendered more temperate, and the labour of through the summer by using hardy annuals only. watering is reduced. There are several ways of Many packets of seed are bought every spring affording a screen, either by the use of canvab and more or less carefully sown, but the results or latli blinds, tiffany, or by applying on the are not always satisfactory. The reason is not tar glass from within some of the various prepara- to seek. Too often, just after a refresliing April tions sold at mo.st horticultural establishments; a shower, the surface .soil looks in fine order for cheaper way still is to give the glass a coat of sowing, and the seeds are " hastily put in." The whiting. Blinds are a source of expense, and true condition of the soil is not properly consi- want renewing after a time, ;uid the great objec- " " dered; the fact is that hardy annuals, like most tion to almost any kind of wash is that it is " other things, require good. dfcply-worVcd soil if a fixture," insomuch that during a spell of dull they are to show their true .beauty and be worth weather too much light is excluded. Another the trouble. They have to do much in a short time, arrangement, and one which is more in keeping with and they cannot "do it satisfactorily from a garden a greenhouse, is to encourage the growth of point of view in two or three inches of poor siu'- creepers over the roof, which not only gives the face soil. Break up the soil, therefore, at least a necessary sliade to the plants on the stages below, but contribute to foot deep, and enrich it with decayed manure. Sow beauty the house by the the seeds thinly and watcli them carefully as they blossoms they furnish. The great objection, of course, to creepers being allowed to ramble over grow, and dust with soot if slugs are troublesome. Thin out immediately the seedlings begin to crowd a roof is that they, too, are liable to make a house very at is largely each other. This is an operation far too often gloomy times, but this a matter grower, neglected. It .should be done at at least two opera- for the who should take care that the tions. Tall growing kinds should stand at least a foliage does not become too thick by permitting foot a part at the last operation, and dwarfer kinds all and sundry shoots to ramble at will. A judicious use of the knife is the remedy for super- from six to nine inches. There is no comparison creeping plants, nothing that between plants grown at a reasonable distance fluous growth of and will tend to darken a place .should be allowed to apart and those feft to fight with each other the the purpose of natural shading, not whole summer through. In fact the latter will remain. For being succumb long before the well thinned-out plants a few plants are suitable, amongst them Ind'ivisa lohata is rapid grower, are half finished flowering. Cleinaiises. a useful for indoor work, and produces many white It is often difficult for owners of small gardens to obtain small quantities of manure. In this case let the soil be well broken as deeply as possible, and when the seedlings are finally thinned out water with nitrate of soda, -1- oz. to two gallons of water, preferably just after a shower; but if the soil is dry, water first with prn'e water and then with the nitrate, and this may be d.ine several times at intervals of a fortnight or so until the plants show signs of flowering. B.

The Earliest Daffodil.

In- the early spring w'hen flowers are scarce, and the weather often uninviting, a Daffodil in flower is very welcome—so welcome that one is not in- clined to be too critical as to its qualities as a florist's flower. The earliest true Daffodil, or trumpet Narcissus, that I know is the " Eev. Frederick Tymons." W'hich was open in this garden on the 2nd Feb- ruary. From the photograph it can be seen that i* is evidejitly a form of Xaichsus Piinccps. It was raised at Baskin Hill. Co. Dublin, by the Rev. Frederick Tymons, who was a noted and'successful gardener, and was well known for the skill with which he grew Tulips. Auriculas, and. indoors, that most capricious plant Visa yrandi flora. This charming Daffodil varies in height, some years being much longer in the stalk, but there is no T- -V'"c'-- variation in the welcome it receives, nor in the Photo hy Mi^^ '^ pleasin-e it gives. WlLLBROOK. D.tFFODiL Rev. Frederick Tymoxs. 44 IRISH GARDENING. star-like Ijlossunis that are wonderfully attraetive. ance. That is its unique seat on the north side of Those belonging to the Lanuginosa group, with the Alps, as its centre of dispersal is in the Balkans. large blossoms, are very beautiful on the roof of It has been found in Easter Oestenath ( ?) and in a house, and, as a rule, come finer so grown. the Abruzzi (,S. Italy). Lady Caroline XeriUe, pale lavender; lioboi It is of easy culture, growing in full sun in the Ha7ihury, violet-blue; Loid Xeville, plum; rockery, or in peaty soil with a little chalk added. Andersoni Ileniyii, lavender-white; Mrs. Rope, I found it much easier here than AUosurus crispus. mauve, are some of the members of this interest- .Isplenimn glandulosum (.1. rrtrasclin^) grows ing section of Clematises. The Jackmanni group in old walls or on limestone rocks in the Mediter- offers many that may be brought into requisition ranean region, and northwards to near Avignon. for indoor culture, especially in cold houses. Of It differs from .I. Trichomanes l:)y its shorter and these, one may mention Gipsy Queen, violet- broader fronds, its segments being tjroad and large, purple; Madame Edward Andre, carmine-red, and and the whole of a glandular nature. The foliage .Jackmanni, alba-white. Then there is that beauti- dies off coniijletely in summer, and then you may ful pale-blue flowering plant, with its white not find it at all where you foimd it abundantly in counterpart, Plumhaiio cajiensis, which makes a spring; it takes a rest, and so when I saw this and suitable subject for training on the rafters under the same with Chcilanthes odora that the life of a greenhouse roof; as does also Diplacus (iluti- the plant recedes to the rhizome in the liottest 1WSUS, with its twining growth and orange- months of the year, I had the explanation of the coloured niimulus-like blossoms. Ahutilons, failures in my cultures at Floraire. We then tried though more fi-equently met with as decorative giving it a rest of some months and the result plants in pots, are amenable to training on a roof. was wonderful—not a plant lost again. Passioji floirers, seen from a greenhouse above .Asplcnium acutum is near to .4. .-idiautuin-niiinnn, one's head, peering out of their deep green leaves, ,but its segments are broader-pointed, deex^ shining are very beautiful, but whoever takes them in green on the upper side and silvery white beneath. hand must be prepared to prune and thin out the It grows in the south Tyrol near to the Lake of long trailing growths; otherwise the house soon Garda, and can be grown in the same way as .1. becomes darkened by them. Perhaps no creep- .ididutii iii-iii(iriim. ing plant quicker gets out of bounds once pruning .Isplriiiuiu serpei'tiiinm is a very distinct form is neglected. I'ohea scandens is another plant of .4. .idiaiifunt-iiiiiruni with oval and pointed seg- useful as a climber in a greenhouse, rapid of ments; deeper green than the type it is a rare fern growth, and must, as a consequence, be kept which has recently been found near Klosters in under proper control. Plants like Heliotropes and the Grison (Switzerland), and which I saw in Fiirhsias are not often regarded in the light of abundance near Genoa in the Ligurian Alps. Here thein climbers, but if one is prepared to train it succeeds well in moraine, quite in a sunny " for this, and bide one's time," they make beauti- position. .Isphniuiii septentrionalr (Forked Spleen- ful subjects so grown. wort) is well known in England, and is found in Planting.—There is unich to be said for planting the highest mountains of granitic formation. In for growing in pots, as creepers intended indoor the whole Alpine chain it always grows iri primi- if needful then they are under more control, and tive locks, and when found in the Jura it is on can be taken out of doors at intervals, but when erratic stones brought there in the glacial period. is one which must so grown the duty of watering It wants full sun and crevices in non-chalky rocks. subjects show neglect not be lost sight of, as few It roughly resembles stiff grass leaves twice or of leave.s, and the practice sooner by shedding the thrice forked, with its parts slightly saw-toothed. large pots containing such plants on of standing .Ispli'tiiiiih III riiianicum grows frequenlly with to commend it. ashes or cocoa fibre has something the last-named, but only on the south side of the greenhouse by Much may be done to enhance a Alps (very seldom here and there in the warmer subjects for serving both as a selecting a few valleys of the north side), and is considered as a for other occupants of the house, and for shade hylirid between .1. septentrionalr and .4. liittn- attraction such creepers are when in blossom; the murnrin or .4. Tiirhomanes or even with .4. riride. no circumstances ought they to be but ruider It has a slender habit, the alternate segments to the extent of impeding light so allowed to grow larger, three or more dentations, and has scarcely other plants that should, obviously, necessary to any fructifications. It likes the full sun and the first consideration. have the I never found it else- Mercaston. cracks of a wall or rock. where than on granite. Cheilanthrs adorn (frnijruiis) is a delicate jewel, Some Rare Ferns for the Rock making dwarf tufts of light green; fronds 1() cent, high, narrow, with a pink or brownish rachis, the Garden. segments very obtuse, rounded and opposite. It Many people ask m-? about ferns they see at grows in old walls and crevices of rocks (limestone) extend- Floraire, and are astonished never to have heard in the south of France, north of Italy and ijlandulosuat, it rests in of them. Will you allow me to write a few lines ing to India. I>ike .4. does not about them. Asphiiiiiin fissurn is the most delicate summer and cannot be found if one know two XofhorMn'nas and finely cut of our European ferns, and resembles exactly where it is. There are an HymcnophyUiitn Tiinhridgense. It is a densely in the same region, viz.. A'. Maronta aind .V. tufted plant, not exceeding 15-20 centimetres high, Vell^'n. .Y. Mornntn- is a delightful thing growing Viig colonies of forming broad tufts of rich green. It is to the lime- in large broad patches forming stone ebonlis, the equivalent of the Parsley Fern dark green, always in damp places (watered from Italy, {AUosurus crispus) on the granite. It is, however, lielow) in rocks, "walls, or stony slopes of N. and distinct and has its sporangia on the underside of South France, etc. Its thick rootstock is dense broad. the segments as have all the Asplenia. I very often hard; sometimes I found patches three feet deep green saw other kinds under its name, and rarely found The fronds are stiff, hard, and evergreen, underside with rough it true in botanic gardens. I went ten years ago above and covered on the brown. to the Val d'Pesio north side of the famous Col di scales, just like .4. Cetirncli. but darker lie grown in peat Tende, Italy, and there found it in great abund- It is a calcifuge plant and must HUSH GARDENING 45

III- liiiir-frtT lurks ill lull lli-ir wi' iiiu.st in ,-un. Old Forms of Polyanthus—Reply to luoteet it in winter, but it is liardy in En}:;li.sli iiml Irisli gardens. Amaranthe. Xuthoiliina Velhva (lanrujinoxa) is a litllr jewel of 10-20 cent, high, quile villose and woolly 'I HE I'll ntiii'jijii 01 old garcli'iis, common al with its stem not creeping as in ,V. M gardens of the offered for sale. It is, however, one of the most farmers and cottagers in this district were full of useful vegetables of early autumn, coming to its these; during the late seventies and eighties, they best condition about October. Unlike other cab- seemed to go off—during, 1 think, adverse seasons. liage, however, Cinire Tiour)iiula will not stand Whatever the reason the Primula nivalis, old very much frost, neither must those who are un- yellow auriculas, double auriculas, double prim- acquainted with it expect a cabbage with a good roses of all colours, except double lilac, the Pan- lieart like the spring sorts. Katlier is it of a taloon, Jack-in-the-Greens, etc., now hardly exist l)ranching habit, and therefore needs plenty of in these same gardens. The bedding craze does room in which to grow; nearly all the leaves are not explain the loss either. edible, the flavour is rather delicate. It is and J. Stokmonth. not a cabbage to " cut and come again " whicli sprouts after the first cutting, and the stumps should Kirkbride, Carlisl'. Cumberland. therefore be pulled up when the crop has been gathered. Mercaston.

Hollyhocks : A Vanishing Race. Winter Greens- The Necessity for Winter Culture. " Hollyhocks are a vanishing race, and they are so because so In many localities the long season of drought in becoming few understand them." That the opinion of used to grow 1921 had a most disastrous effect upon Winter was one who them well. Is it a fact that they are grown less Greens of all kinds, but on none more so than to be, if so, what is the Brussels Sprouts. If ever the necessity arose for now than they used and height is such that it is not always growing a supply of green vegetables for use during cause? Their moderate-sized winter in as liberal a manner as possible, surely convenient to accommodate them in gardens to any extent, but their imposing spikes last year of all others demonstrated it. Gardeners attractive it is are beginning to realise the fact more and more are so particularly that worth while fear that must that Winter Greens to give the best results must even to plant a few. But we we admit of another explanation why these stately lie grown by themselves on well cultivated and well beauties are so seldom seen, and we have no manured ground, and that it is unreasonable to now it is largely because of disease expect this when they are planted in close prox- hesitation in saying which plays havoc amongst plants left too long imity to another crop—between rows of Potatoes to disease prevalent in Holly- for example. There is no real gain in robbing the themselves. The " spreads soil intended for one crop l)y introducing at a hocks, and known as rust," unfortunately rapidity once it has presented itself. later date something else which will deprive it with great occupied of fertility, and prevent the proper growth of the It mostly occurs in old plants which have for years, vegetable first planted. Last year, with its many the same portion of ground and have of suckers. weeks' absence of rain, proved that Winter Greens really become little more than masses to perpetuate itself planted between other things did very little good. Disease has also been known has been effected by cuttings or and is certainly no encouragement for a repetition when propagation plants. only safe plan in of the practice. The best way of all is, we submit, off-shoots from old The to at to give winter green food every ounce of support, keeping Hollyhocks free from disease is be other and as much room as possilVle, unhampered by the trouble to replant with fresh plants every treat any other crop. Experience corroborates this. year, or, in other words, to practically them of perennials. W. T.INDERR Le.\. as biennials instead 40 IRISH GARDENING.

They need a v ell liiauured, trenelied soil, and into lieavy soil. For roots of medium size 12 inches fiesli quiiiters from time to time, and if this is betw-een the drills is sufficient. For the larger iiiiserved it is possible to keep the disease at bay. kinds the drills may be 15 inches apart. When once disease Jia.? snown, however, there is Herbs.—Apart from Mint, which is easily pro- no remedy, and tlie best plan is to at once uproot pagated by division, the most useful herbs are the jJlanis and burn iheiii, burning the soil too if Sage, Thyme, Sweet and Pot Marjoram. These it can be done. herbs are easily raised from seeds which may be They are certainly wortliy of good culture and sown now. of painstaking care when we remember how con- Cabbages.—The autumn phrnted Cabbages are spicuously beaatiful tliey are. now growing strongly. The hoe should be kept Mkrcaston, working between the rows to encourage their growth and to keep down weeds. A small quantity of nitrate of soda is useful as a stimulant for Allotments. these plants. The hoe should also be run through the Shallots AruiL is the month for planting Potatoes. The and Potato Onions when the green tops are period for pUxnting extends from tlie middle of visible. Onions planted out last month will also Marcli until about the same time in May, but it benefit wdth hoeing. A good deal has been written is during tliis month that the bulk of the work is at one time and another relating to the advan- done. It is fortunate for us that the Potato, one tages which plants derive from lioeing, and during of the staple foods of the country, can be grow'ii the spring months this benefit is quickly apparent. in sucli a variety of soils, the most unsuitable Not only is the soil kept open, but weed seeds are being a heavy clay soil. The land should liave now, at this time of the year, germinating in fair preparation before planting, and while a very numbers, and hoeing frequently avoids endless tine condition of soil is not essential, a good friable labour later on, when the weeds are larger and tilth is necessary. In allotments not newly-broken not so easily killed. up, farmyard manure is sure to be beneficial, and In the warmer districts it is often safe to sow should be scattered along the drills. One ton of French and Runner Beans at the end of the manure is a fair dressing for a plot of standard inontli, but unless one has the surplus seed to size, and, if possible, this manure should be siip- risk sowing, it is advisable to defer growing these idemented witli artificial manure. The following crops until May. Apart from these general excep- artificials are recommended tor a plot with an tions most seeds of vegetables can be sown this area of .'iOO square yards. Sulphate of ammonia, month. It is often recommended to sow Beet dur- 7 lbs; superphosphate, 28 lbs.; muriate of potash, ing May, liut in the north it is quite safe to sow it 7 lbs. These manures may be mixed together a towards the end of April. Globe Beet can, of few days jirevious to planting. All lumps should course, be sown, and from now onwards Lettuce be broken up during the mixing process. The and other salads can be sow-n in small quantities ajiplication is quite simple, all that is necessary at intervals of a fortnight to keep up a succession. is to scatter the artificial manure over the dung Peas.—This crop may be sown as often now and when planting. Where Potatoes have been boxed whenever the soil is suitable. The seeds often for sprouting, the work can be carried forward ex- decay if sown too early in damp ground, but from peditiously. If, however, the Potatoes have only now onward.5 sowing may be done with confidence. recently been obtained jirevious to planting it may When purchasing tlie seeds it is important for lie found necessary to cut large tubers to obtain amateurs to note to what height the different Peas a sufficient number of sets. The tubers should grow. A dwarf Pea wliich requires little or no be planted immediately after cutting. If this is staking, and a good cropper. Little Marvel can not done, then it is advisable to sprinkle the cut be recommended. The tall varieties can be sown .surfaces with quicklime. Generally speaking, for with convenience to separate varieties of Potatoes. the main crop varieties 26 inches between the rows By doing this the flat appearance of the plot is and 15 inches l)etween the sets will prove satis- broken and the Peas have plenty of light to de- factory. The depth to plant is from 4 inches to velop. (i inches, the more shallow depth Ijeing suitable The Flower Border.—Old Dahlia roots may be for heavy land. Experiments have shown that divided as soon as sufficient growth has been made tubers about the size of a hen's egg generally prove to enable this to be done. The tubers may then the most profitable for planting purposes. Smaller lie replanted, with the buds about 4 inches below seed from weak plants cannot be expected to the surface. The Sweet William is a poind ar produce a good crop, and any which are larger biennial, but is frequently sown too late. To may be cut if desired with plenty of buds on the obtain good-sized flowering plants the seeds should tuliers. be sown during this month. Polyanthus and Winter Greens, C.4ui,iflowers and Broccoli.— Primroses to flower next year should also be sown Sowings of many of the winter green crops may now. The .seeds are best sown in boxes, and kept now ,be made in an open position, and in ground on a sheltered part of the allotment. The Hardy that contains no fresh manure. Rake the surface Annuals may lie sown now. A whole host of suit- soil down finely, and draw drills one foot apart. alile tilings include such fine plants as Clarkia, The seeds may l)o sown about one inch deep. Candytuft, Mignonette, Cornflower, etc. The Marrows.—Sow seeds of Marrows. Place one flower border on a plot is usually of a rectangular seed in a small pot. The seeds 3oon germinate, and shape, and I find it far more satisfactoi'y to sow an ordinary dwellinghou.se is quite suitable, if no these beds in drills when annuals are used. Sweet other accommodation is available. Peas which have been raised in pots or boxes Carrots.—Too much care cannot possibly he may be planted wdien the soil is fit. These young taken in the preparation of the ground for carrots. plants are often cut with wind if planted too The crop growls best in a light, warm soil which early. A dressing of lime or soot is desirable to has previously been well manured. Wood ashes prevent slugs from eating the plants. and l)urnt garden refuse are useful for forking G. H. Oliver. IRISH GARDENING 47

JlocOOOoooo KiTCHEN Garden. JooOOOoooo yocooo9oooo33 ZlllZll&j General Work.—The young seedlings of Cab- bage, Cauliflower, Borecole, etc., sown last month should be pricked off for ijlantiug in their per- manent quarters later on. Full sowings of Broccoli The Month's Work to form a succession should be made. Don't forget that useful variety the Purple-sprouting. It is a conunon complaint that this vegetable comes in too r\„oooooooooo.r|@)r late in the sjiring, is for ooOOOoO' when the ground wanted spring planting. But if the Early Christmas Sprouting variety is .sown it will .l)e found at least Powers- i5y Mr. \V. H. Lee, Gardener to Viscount six weeks earlier. Wirklow. coiiit, K.P., Eniiiskeny, Co. Asparagus and Si-routing Kales are also most useful greens to grow. Sow plenty of Drumhead Work under Glass. and small varieties uf Savoy, and make successional sowings of Ijcttuce, Beans, Turnips and Peas. INERIES.—As soon as the Harden off Caiiliflnwer and Brussels Si^routs in berries are seen to be swell- Irames, and plant out in showery weather in their ing again after the stoning permanent beds. Earth up Potatoes as required. period, a sliglitly higher tem- Carrot.—The main crop should be sown as soon perature should be main- as a suitable time offers. Ground that was well tained. Examine the bor- manured for the previous crop and left rough over ders and it they require the winter is most suitable, the soil should be watering give a good soaking deep, fine, and friable. Sow the intermediate of tepid water, and innnedi- varieties in rows one foot apart and thin out to ately after another watering about nine inches apart. Salsify and Chicory of weak liquid manure. On should also be sown in similar soil. warm days the paths and "Vegetable Marrows.—Sow in heat early this bordi;'rs should be kept fre- month for planting out early next month. Sow quently damped down with seed in small i)ots in a compost of leaf soil and uiamue water. Eneourage loam, and as soon as they have germinated keep late kinds of grapes to make- vigorous growth by them near the glass to ensure sturdy growth, and syringing the r.xls twice every day, and keeping harden off before planting out. About the end of plenty of moisture in the house. Avoid over- the month 5eed can be sown outside on heaps of crowding the foliage, particularly in the case of nianru-e on which beds of soil have been prepared. Muscats. Attend to the thinning as the grapes Hand lights form a good protection until fear of go out of bloom, and connnence with the free frost has disappeared, failing these a few branches setters, such as Hamburg's first, and the shy of evergreens should be laid by for protection at setters should lie left until it is seen which berries night. are fertilised by their taking the lead. The opera- Onions. —Wluii Onions have been sown under tion of thinning is always best done early and late glass in heat and pricked off into boxes, they will in the day or on dull day.5 when the temperature now be ready for planting out in properly pre- is cool. paied ground. The situation should be quite open Peaches. —In the earliest houses the fruit will and the groinid thoroughly enriched with good, now be swelling rapidly, and there being a well-rotted farmyard manure. A dressing of soot, favourable crop it will be found best to remove wood ashes, lime or bone meal should be forked the smaller fruit. The slioots should be well tied in previous to ])lanting, or, failing these, a light in to give the fruit all the sun and air possible. dressing of superphosijhate or kainit will answer. See there is no trace of fly or red spider, and if Tread the ground very firm and plant out at least there is apply an ini?ecticide and syringe forcibly one foot apart if large bulbs are required. When on the under side of the leaves. As soon as the Onion seedlings in cold frames are a couple of first signs of maturity are noticed ventilate freely inches high they should also be planted out. Keep on all fine days and cease syringing the trees. the roots well spread out and well firmed. Di.sbudding will require constant attention in late Celery. —The trenches should be prepared in ad- liouseo. This operation should be performed at vance of i)lanting out time. They should be two intervals not all at one time. feet wide and a foot deep, with four feet spaces Strawberhies. —The first batch of Strawberries between them. A good layer of well-decomposed will now be colouring. Give the plants plenty of farmyard manure should be dug into the bottom air, and they should have a position where they of the trenches and left rough until planting time. would have full advantage of the sun. The spaces between the trenches should be utilised Melons.—Plants planted in houses and frames for sowing Lettuce and Radish. Plant.? in frames should have their growths trained out at regular should be kept growing without a check and at intervals, and if fruit is required at au early date, no jjeriod of growth .should suffer from dryness. the points pinched out so as to throw some of the energies of the plant into the side shoots, and thus Hardy Fruits. obtain an early set. The grafting of fruit trees should now be done. Increase the quantity of moisture to the roots The Pears and Plums should have first attention, as the days lengthen. as growth is earlier with them than with Apples. Cucumbers should be encouraged to grow by A good, sharp knife, strong binding material and applying a light top-dressing of soil and maniu'e. grafting wax, or clay mixtiu'e, should be ready to Damp the planto early morning and at noon, and hand, also the cuttings or primings which have shade from the hot sun. been laid in luider a north wall, and are now in- Tomatoes sliould be planted in their fruiting pot tended for scion.3. It is better to graft late than or boxes. Avoid too rank a soil for planting, imt too early, but early this month generally gives leave plenty of room for top-dressing. good results. Whip or tongue grafting or crown, or 48 IRISH GARDENING

rind giaftiug, are the methods most ruminoiily nndtiply by the formation of so many small conns adopted in private gardens. that so long as their foliage is allowed to remain Whip or Tongue Grafting. —This is the most until it becomes brown (about the end ol April) suitable for worlving young stoclis, or where tlie permanence and increase are assured. The only stock and scion are of equal dimensions. The attention they require is an occasional replanting scion is prepared by making a long slanting cut when they become too thick. The one brightens the at the basal portion. Next make an upward cut garden m the early spring, the other tones the in the stock to correspond with that of the scion. browns, reds and yellows of the dying year. Make a slanting cut downards in the stock, and Crocus Toiufisiiiianus flowers, as a rule, just then with a second take out a small wedge. On before most forms of ('. ccinus, and about the the scion make two corresponding cuts. Tlie scion tune of the old Dutch yellow Crocus. It has a sliould then be inserted, and make certain that slender grace that niost of the Dutch forms of C. there is a union of tlie bark at least on one side. i-enius lack, and is, when open, of a clear and Tie in vcit firmly, and then cover with wax or clay delicate colour described l^y Maw as sapphire- to keep out the air. lavender, and by Bowles as amethystine-violet. Crown or Kind Gr.akting.—The scion is cut in No Dutch Crocus, excejrt the one I hold the most " the same manner as tor whip grafting. A slit is beautiful of all, Margot," is so tender and pleasing cut down the bark of the .^tock about three inches. in shade. When closed the flowers of most forms Carefully lift the bark wdiere the cut was made and are of various shades of grey. It is a variable insert the end of the scion, and push it down until plant, especially perhaps in the colour of the its cut surface is covered by the bark of the stock. liuds. but there is a deep purple variety, a pure See that the bark fits firmly to the sides of the white, and a particularly pleasing one called " scion, and bind it lightly in position and cover pictus," with flowers marked at the tips with a with wax or clay. The grafts should be left with darker blotch, below an apical white spot. three or four buds for future growth. (.'locus Toiiiasinlanus does well in many places at Wisley, in the open and in the light shade of Flower Garden and Pleasure Grounds. shrubs and trees, but does not prove quite so Violet.—Autumn-rooted runners that is now happy as many in the grass. Its best place is on making growth should be planted in a well- the higher parts of the rock garden where it may manured piece of ground with plenty of leaf- seed down and gl&dden the early days of dull mould. The plants may be planted 15 inches apart February with drifts of lavender violet, which will for the single varieties and the doubles 9 inches not interfere in the least with the flowers that apart each way. Give them a damping in the are to follow after. It i5hould be planted in August evenings and pull off the runners that appear or September, and seed should be sown as soon as during the sunmier. ripe in the open to germinate with the growth of SweIet Peas.—Plants that have wintered in the cornis in the spring. boxes and pots and are well hardened off should Cro(».s spiiinxus flowers in September and be planted out in their permanent positions. Fork October, and is the most reliable and showy of plenty of lime and wood ashes in the ground they all the autumn-flowering species, unless it be C. are to occupy. iiudiflorus, great drifts of which form one of Annuals should be sown in quantity in pre- the beautiful autumn features of Wisley, and pared borders tor cutting, and a few little patches which, though so abundant in its easily accessible of Matliiohi liirvinis (Night-scented Stock) in any native home, is scarcely known in the nursery- odd corner for its perfume. A few varieties that man's catalogues. ('. spcciosus should be planted are always popular are The Shirley Poppy, Mig- in July. It will grow in short grass where, as at monette, Nigella, Miss Jekyll (Love in the Mist), Wisley, it may be left alone for years, and every iMCdtcrci rufea splcmlens (Rose Mallow), Phai'elia year will give stretches of blue among the green campanularia, African and French Marigolds, of the grass and the brown of the falling leaves Asters, Stocks and Larkspurs. without any further care. It will grow under light Rockeries.—Plants will need top-dressing now, shade and in the open, and is proper for the especially wliere roots are exposed through the herbaceous border and the lighter shrublicry, winter's rains. A good .soil for most alpine plants the grassy bank and the rock garden, the is made up of loam, leaf-soil and sand, some plants, edge of the wide woodland walk and the field such as the Silver Saxifrages, are better for a garden. A strong and vigorous flower, it is top-dressing of the above, with the addition of calculated to withstand all reasonable buffet- some lime or old mortar rubble crushed up. ings of autumn. In its typical form it is Lawns should be rolled and swept when the beautifully pencilled with blue on a pale surface is dry. Graiss seed sown on any bare lilac ground, but varies nuich in colour and size, patches, moss raked out with an iron rake. A and a munber of names have been given to more top-dressing of lime or wood ashes will destroy or less distinct forms, the most remarkable of moss. which are the var. Aitchisonii, the giant of the species, and flowering later than the tyjie, collected by Mr. H. J. Ehves in the East (for while C. of Garden Merit. Award Tomasinianus is more Western in its distribution, At their meeting on 2;)rd February, 1922. the C. spcciosus stretches away into Armenia and, Council of the Royal Horticultural Society gave the perhaps, into Persia); Van Tubergon's var. Aifahir Award of Garden Merit to ''/•.,(».; Toiiuisininiuix iutennedidte, in colour and season between var. glohosus, bluer, and to C xpccKjsim. Aitihisotiii and the type var. a The general grounds for the making uf this award later-flowering variety; and some white and grey have been set out in an earlier note, but some form.5 which Mr. Bowles has raised which are comments upon these two plants may be of value. still rare but beautiful in their blue pencilling on Both are good doers and will, with ordinary care a white groiuid, and therefore preferable to the increase rapidly in any well-drained British gai- better known pure white form, which is rather den. Their only enemies are field mice and starrv in shape. .1. Chtttenden. pheasants. Both produce seed .so freely and F. '^iiitiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiNiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiriiiiiniiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiniiliiiiHiii|iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiHiiiiiiiiiiM iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiimHtiir IedmondsonsI FOR Garden Seeds Seed Potatoes Garden Implements EDMONDSON BROTHERS 10 DAME STREET, DUBLIN Established 70 years Phone: Dublin 1721 (two lines;

^JiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMJiiiiriiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii iiiiiiiiiiHiiiiiiifiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiniiiiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiii liiiiiiiN nil I liiiiiiiii n

l!inMiiiiiitiiiMii[iiiiiJiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiMiiHiiiiiiiiiiiiii>niiiiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii>MiiiiiMiii)iiiiiiiiiiiiii |.iiiililiillil!iiiiiiiiiiiiliiiiiiiiilliiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiillliiili;i 12 GRAND I I I Award of Merit Carnations I VARIETIES

8. d- = Why pay high railway rates? s Campanula Fleur'de Neige 2 6 „ Telham Beauty 2 1 TRY MY = Erigeron Mertsham Glory 1 Delphinium Mrs. H. Kaye 5 i Parcel Post Collections i Aster Amellus King George . 2 „ King of the Belgians 1 „ Mens .... 2 PLANTS OUT OF li INCH POTS ,, Anita Ballard . . 2 „ Robinson, V.C. 2 20 in 20 varieties •-. ... 15/" Phlox Aubrey Alder 2 50 in 50 varieties 35/" Poterium Obtusum . 1 100 in 100 varieties 70/" Geum Borisii .... 2 ALL FREE BY POST 27 1 of each for 25/> 2 „ 47/6 3 60,' „ = Descriptive Cntalngiie free oti application ^ Scud for Descriptive Catcilogttc, post free. I C. ENGELMANN | Hardy Plant = Carnation Growor = W. Wells, Junr., "^lrseries :: MERSTHAM SURREY I SAFFRON WALDEN | Ir; riiiiiiiiniiniMiiniiiiiMniiiMiHiiiiiiiiiitiitMiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii: -r( —

VI IRISH GARDENING

Royal Horticultural Society of Ireland.

Thk luonllily iiiccluig .if llic C'uuiicil \v;(s held :i( the offices, 5 Moleswoitli Slieet, Dublin, on thr You can rely upon Abol 10th ult., Mr. A. V. Montgomery presiding. Judges were appointed ;uid final arrangements made for The high standard o{ excel- the spring show, which, by kind pernii.~sion of lence always associated with the the Earl \)f Iveagh, K.P..' will be held in the name Abol may be attributed to covered court, Earlsfort Terrace, April 5th and fact the makers have 6th. Further consideration was given to Mr. W. the that at Cotter's offer of prizes for Mahon's Fingallian their command knowledge gained Potato, and classes decided on. subject to Mr. by many years practical experi- Cotter's approval, the Secretary being directed to ence as actual growers. thank Mr. Cotter for his very generous offer. A vote of thanks was accorded to Mr. B. H. Barton, Write for full particuiarsa n d D.L., Straffan House, Co. Kiklare, for a floral free treatise on garden pests. display .set up by Mr. F. Streeter, to whom cultural certificates were awarded for Violets, Cyclamens Sole proprs. and mfrs., Abol and Dendrobiums; a vote of thanks with certificate Limited, 1 56 Beitring. Paddock being voted to Mr. A. V. Montgomery, St. Mary's Abbey, Trim, Co. Meath, for specimens of Xdicixstin Wood, Kent. miiiiiiiiix and .^'. iniiinr fimi plena.

Catalogues. Messrs. Willi.\m I'uweh & Co., \V.\TERFORr), are renowned foi farm seeds as well as flower and vegetable seeds. Their new catalogue of farm seeds issued last month contains a fine selection of root seeds, grasses and cereals. Their special strains of Mangolds, Swedes and Yellow Turnips are well known tliroughout Ireland. In addition to the standard varieties and species of pasture grasses novelties are introduced, and clovers several Kills Insects and notably the Western M^olth Grass, a robust an- nual variety of Rye Grass, highly reeonnnended IVIildew on Roses for spring sowing, yielding a heavy crop the first season.

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pamphlet gives full instruc- THIS | I '^Successful E tions for making a success of your |

i Garden, and it is therefore important | Gardens : I read it. I you | I for are of the I The following some |

chapters : I every Amateur" I |

" begin." I How to "What can be done [ in the Spring." " What can be done I | " in the Summer. " Keeping the Garden I f Fit." "Flowers and Lawns." "Fruits." I j " I Manuring tables for Vegetables." | ^ // wii/ be sen/ to yoi/, irmtis tDiti etc., etc. ^ post ffec, on af>pIication to I I

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= The Chilean Nitrate Committee, 25 Chichester St., Belfast = IRISH GARDENING Vll

American Sweet Clover (Melilotus alba) is re- eonimended for good early ijasturage, and has Subter- Ask Your Nurseryman given good results when suwn in May ; ranean Clover is reeouiiiirnded for sandy soils. Wheat, Oats and Barley too are offered, and the or Seedsman best varieties of early, second early and maincrop every agri- Potatoes. This list should l)e seen by For the following Well Known and Highly culturist. Efficient Horticultural Preparations. Reviews.

Thu Joiiiniil lit thi: I'lit/iil lluilicuiturul Socidi/,* THE CHEAPEST INSECTICIDE OF THE DAY Vol. XLVll. Part I, recently to hand, is, like all former issues, full of interest to gardeners. Though NIQUAS" less bulky than usual several interesting articles (NON-POISONOUSi IMPROVED are included, together with reports on important A Concentrated Extr:ict of Quassia, combined with other valu- trials carried out at Wislcy. These include Rasp- able ingredients, forming n cheap, safe, and eHective Insecticide berries, Strawberries, Dahlias, Sweet Peas, Main- for syringing and dipping. It destroys all Insect Pests crop Culinary Peas and Maincrop Potatoes. infesting Trees and Plants, whilst no possible in)my to vegeta- The much needed classification of garden Irises tion can result from its use. introduction from Mr. W. K. is outlined with an It can be applied with syringe or pump, or used *'or dipping followed by an outline of the system pro- Dykes, Half- pint, pint, Prices— 11; 1/9; quart, 3/- ; hilf-gallon, posed by the Iris Committee. 4'9; gallon, 8 6; I'vu gallons, 16/-; three gallons, 21/- Contrilintions from the Wisley T-aboratory in- five gallons, 32/'- ; ten gallons, 56/- clude a summary of Apple Pollination investiga- 1 gallon sufficient for 8o gallons of water. tions and Pollen Carrying Agents in Orchards. The Winter Study of b'ruit Trees, by A. E. STANDEN'S MANURE Price (to Nun-Fellows) 5s. (Gstablisbed over 35 Years)

Exceeds all others in General Fertilising Properties and Staying Powers -1 Analysis on Application BENTLEY'S Sold in Tins, 9d., 1/6, 3/-, 6/- each. Bags, H cwt., 13/6 cwt., \'z 24/- ; I cwt. 45/-

Concentrated Alkal For Fumigating in Greenhouses. (winter wash) "LETHORION" IMPROVED METAL CONES Registered No. 62.597 most A highly effective and To destioy Insect Pests. The Candle tttached to each Cone popular non-poisonous Winter only needs lighting, and there is no further trouble. They are most efhcacious.

Wash for fruit and forest trees No. I. For frames and ''lean-to's" up to i,ooo cubic of every kind. feel. Trice. lOd. eacli. No. 2. For small ifreenhouses up to 1.500 cubic feet. /// /ins ^itfftcicnt for j:: gallons of Wosli. Price, 1 /3 each. No. 3. For a well secured house of 2,000 to 2,500 cubic feet. Price, 1/9 each. tins, 3 3 each ; 8 tins, 3 1 each 1 to 5 ; 12 tins, 2/11 each; 20 tins, 2 9 each; FOWLER'S LAWN SAND 40 tins, 2 7 each. Carriage paid on 20 - This preparation is tor destroying Daisies and other weeds upwards. orders and on lawns and at the same time stimulating the growth of

the grass. If one tin is tried as a sample, its value will be at once appreciated. Sales are largely increasmg. Soh' Mtuiufaclurcrs '6 i/ Tins, 1/6, 3/- and 5 each •, Bags, cwt,, 10/-; cwt., JoseJoseph Bentley, Ltd. % 19/- ; I cwt., 35^-

II Chemical Worl

Bunyard, F.L>., presents a lascinuting subject in nuui of the Agricultural Organisation Society, con- quite an uncommon aspect, and one deserving of tributes a preface. more attention. The enormous growth of Agricultural Co-oi3era- Notes on the Origin of the Moss Kose, by Major tive Societies in this country during recent years Hurst and Mabel S. S. Breeze, B.Sc., will be of and their value to the industry make the issue of intense interest to Rosarians who lake an interest this book most opportune. in the past history of this charming type of rose. Various other Notes, Abstracts and Reviews com- Canada. plete an interesling volume. Dkpartment or AoRicuLTuiiii — Entomological Bkanch—Division of Foreign Pests Suppres- New Books. sion—Amendment to the Regulations under Sir Paul Dukes, who was Chief of the British THE Destructive Insect and Pest Act. Secret Service in Soviet Russia for a consideralile Amendment ^'o. 13 (.Vo. 1 of 1922). time after the frontier had been closed, is about Order Council, passed on February 7th, to publi.sh through Messrs. Williams & Norgate a By in Hi22 (P.C. 2i)4i, the following insect pests are added volume of his experience and observations. to Section 18 of tlie under the Under many disguises, rendered possil)le by his Regulations De- structive Insect Pest Act, which contains a intimate knowledge of the country, he lived the and list of the destructive insects, pests and diseases. life of the people and observed v/hat was taking place. Section 18. —The destructive insects, pests and diseases to which the said Act shall apply include At one time passing as an employee of the Extra- the following : — ordinary Commission for the .suppression of the Japanese Beetle (Poisillia japonica counter-revolution, at another as a soldier of the Naon). Beetle (Epilachna corrupta Red Army, he saw Soviet Russia from the inside, Mexican Bean muls). Sweet formicarius while his adventures in escaping arrest and cross- Potato Weevil (Cylas Fab.V Satin ing and recrossing the frontier were intensely ex- Moth (Stili)notia salicis Linn). Cumiiit (tiiU M'ltr citing. (Eriophyes ribes Nalepa). Hazelnut Blister Mites (Eriophyes avellanea " Agricultural Co-operation in England .4Nd Nalepa) and (Eriophyes vermiformis Nal.). Wales," io the title of a volume by W. H. Warman, Arthur Gibson, which Messrs. Williams & Norgate will publish in Dominion EntomohK/ist. a few davs. Mr. TiPslie Scott. K.C., M.P,, Chaii- (>ttaw:i. Feb. 14, 1922

LH

= ESTABLISHED 1832. TELEPHONE 3351 (Private Branch Exchange). TELEGRAMS— " BROOKS," DUBLIN =

I HORTICULTURAL GLASS, PAINTS, &c. I

GLASS Cut to dimensions, packed and delivered at your rail- way station. Also stocked in the regular box sizes PAINT " BROMAS " for general household and estate purposes "VALENTINE " for hay barns, &c., doubles the life of galvanized iron.

" PETREX " for conservatories, does not flake off. Plastic Repair Compound for repairing leaky roofs and "DEAUTITE" . cracked glass, also for General Repair Work. " " BROMASTITE Asbestos-Cement Roofing-Slates & Flat Building Sheets for inside & outside walls. Rot proof & damp proof.

BOILERS . . And heating plants, newest Types. Please ask for lists. GREENHOUSES And GARDEN FRAMES. Also TIMBER, SLATES, BRICKS, IRONMONGERY, and every Building Requisite THOMAS & CO. BROOKS LTD. I BUILDERS' PROVIDERS, Sackvillc Placc, Dublin ! BEE-KEEPING MADE PROFITABLE Everv Bee-Keeper who dcsirt success shoald read THE IRISH BEE JOURNAL Death to the Weeds {ESTABUSUED 1001). One gallon of Hoyte's Weed Odicial Or^an ot ttie Irish and Anjilated Beekeepers' Associatiiiii-^. Killer makes 20 galls, of solu- THE ONLY BE=^ •="^ ' P »v ^•^" "VD tion for spraying Garden Receive>l withonthtL- and Abroa^!. - Paths, Walks, Drives, etc. Uomo -' ''One of the br tuniv^ i"''^!' '^ 1 gall. galls. 20,'- "Ono o( the 'U Joumalu in all 2/6, 5 11/5, 10 galls. Europe. "-^k; Tiii.s cliai t;- J ,;.Ktra and Hllowed for in

' i lec. Monlhly 2J, ; 2s. 6J. pci d.

I Bee i-\'e Makers THE PRiCTiCAL BEE GUIi iiooli on iho sulijoct yet pul:!'^I^ ]. ions. {hi- 1.'"-' '^•, yapot cover, 35. -'vcr, 4^. : 4(!. ; Hoyte & Son, Limited I'rom thii Office, Irish i 'ii^h Rynn, bromoJ. and 16 LOWER SACKVILLE ST. :: DUBLIN

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BOOKS

Reports, Pamphlets and Transactions

Published, Printed, Illustrated and

Bound on the Best Terms for Authors

Editors, Secretaries and others by —FALCONERS Printer Cf BooA-Bvtder AT

53 Upper Sackoille St., DUBLIN WATERFORD

Seeds and Trees

of every description FOR

Garden : and Farm

iiiiiiiiiiiinilDiiiiiitiiiHiiitiiini

Bulbs for : Garden and Greenhouse

CATALOGUES FREE.

Wm. Power & Co., Waterford Nurserymen, Bulb Growers and Seedmerchants. fiSEQl

MAY. 1922 SIXPENCEmine Irish OardenlnS

Contents

PAGE PAGE

^ he Flowering Crabs (Illustrated) . 49 Geraniums with Beautiful Foliage . 53

Some of the Lester Shrubby Veronicas . 54 Variety in Summer Bedding Arrange-

A Fine Hardy Arum (Illustrated) . 56 ments . . . .50

Wallflowers . 56 Diplacus glutinosu* • -51

Stocks for Winter and Spring Blooming . 56 Rock-edged Borders (Illustrated) . 52

Poison Berries . 56

Putting Out New Plants . 52 The Yew Walk at Mount Wilson, Gladioli—An Appreciation 52 King's County (Illustrated) . . 57

Window Boxes and Baskets . 53 Allotments . 57

Single Chrysanthemums for the Garden • 53 The Month's Work . 58

Anchusa myosotidiflora • -53 Spring Flower Show . 60

w^ssm^f^^im'

'^. ,,A^ -^ fiBan Jiito.

T f-fiS.'r Department of Agriculture and Technical Instruction for Ireland

LIST OF THE DEPARTMENT'S LEAFLETS

No. 1. The Warble Fly. No „ 2. The Use and Purchase of Feeding „ 8. Foot Rot in Sheep. f Stuffs. 1. Intensive and Semi-Intensive Ponltry- Keeping. 5. Celery Leaf-Spot Disease or Blight, 8. Charlock (or Preshaugh) Spraying. 7. Fluke in Sheep. 8. Timothy Meadows, 9. The Turnip Fly. 10. WireworruB. 11. Prevention of White Scour in Calves. 13. Liquid Manure. 13. Contagious Abortion in Cattle. 14. Prevention of Potato Blight. 15. Milk Records, 16. Sheep Scab. 17. The Use and Purchase of Manures. 18. Swine Fever. 19. Early Potato Growing. 20. Calf Rearing. 21. Diseases of Poultry :—Gapes. 22. Basic Slag. 23. Dishorning Calves. 24. Care and Treatment of Premium Bulls. 25. Fowl Cholera. 26. Winter Fattening of Cattle. 27. Breeding and Feeding of Pigs. 28. Blackleg, Black Quarter, or Blue Quarter. 29. Flax Seed. 30. Poultry Parasites—Fleas, Mites, and 81. Winter Egg Production. fLice. 32. Rearing and Fattening of Turkeys. 33. Profitable Breeds of Poultry. 84. Out of Print. 35. The Liming of Land. 36. Field Experiments—Barley.

87. „ ,, Meadow Hay. 38. ,, ,, Potatoes. 89. „ „ Mangels. 40. „ „ Oats. 41. „ ,, Turnips. 42. Permanent Pasture Grasses. 43. The Rearing and Management of Chickens. 44. " Husk " or " Hoose " in Calves. 45. Ringworm on Cattle. 46. Haymaking. 47. The Black Currant Mite. 48. Foul Brood or Bee Pest. 49. Poultry Fattening. 60. Portable Poultry Houses. 51. The Leather-Jacket Grub. 62. Flax Growing Experiments. -

Miscellaneous Section*

RICHARD G, McM. SMYTH, f.r.hs. DESIGNS & LAYS OUT LAWNS & PLEASURE J. M. Veldhuyzen van Zanten GROUNDS, CONSTRUCTS PERGOLAS & PLANTS WATER, ROCK, FLOWER AND BOG GARDENS Wholesale Bulb Grower MOUNT HENRY, DALKEY, CO. DUBLIN LISSE, Holland

LITTLE'S Gladiolus, Begonias, and other late ripenint;- StiifH' a Speciality. Fruit Tree Spraying Fluids All sorts of Dutch Uulbs and Flower Roots in Assure the Progressive Fruit Grower of Clean excellent quality, at moderate prices. Healthy Trees in Branch, Twig; and Bud, followed by Good and Plentiful Crops. Prices will glatlly be sent on application. Pesticide.— For Blight, Black Spot, Mussel

Scale, ^c. , on Apple and other Fruit Trees. Antipest.— For Red Spider, &c., on Goose- berry Trees. Used by all the leading; Sweet Pea growers as a preventive and cure o\' CHRYSANTHEMUMS Streak. General Catalogues of all Ihe leadhur I'arief ies no-.v readv, posl free. froDi 0} all Nurserymen, Seedsmen, Florists, ii'C.,or direct from KEITH, LUXFORD & CO. MORRIS, LITTLE & SON, Ltd., Doncaster SHEERING NURSERIES H A R L. O W, E S S E X

THEY ARE THE BEST AND CHEAPEST ALL HAND ^L\1)K

Artistic Fern Pans and Bulb Bowls WELLS' CATALOGUE Stale Qumitities ami Sizes required, and OF hare " Carriage paid" qnoUidon, or urite for Price Lint— FREE RICHARD SANKEY &. SON, Ltd. CHRYSANTHEMUMS Royal Potteries. Bulwell, Nottingham NOW READY

Post free on application W. WELLS & COIVIPANV MERSTHAWl, SURREY

F there is one kind of advertis- 'H^ ^^>0T0 SHRfo^ (l ing which lends itself more than any other to artistic result- AUTO-SHREDS producing illustration it is the DEATH to l,6af- advertising of Seeds. EUTAIN mining Maggots, White Fly and The more you illiislratf the all Pests hifesting Plants under better the results. We produce Glass. In boxes lo fumigate l.uoo

very beautiful Line, Tone, and cubic feet, 1/- ; 2,500 cubic feet,

feet (ft Colour blocks for this purpose 1 /9 ; 10,000 cubic r ordin-

aiy Plants), 4 /6 ; 10,000 cubic fett PHONE,- IRISH PHOTO (for tender foliag^d Plants), 6/- Obtained all principal UBLIN each. of Sei'dsmetiand Florists. Makers:— ^132. 50 Middle Abbey St. Dublin. W. Darlington & Sons, Ltd. p'.M LONUOIN. h.S NO APPARATUS REguiACD "At^KINhY. l^llllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll^ t = ((ALLWOODir "ACME" «

Prices. Plant Now = Great Reduction in WEED KILLER Col. No. 1 6 distinct varieties- 5/6 DESTROYS WEEDS, MOSS, etc., ON CARRIAGE 2. 9 .. ., 7/6 DRIVES, GARDEN WALKS, ROADS, etc. 6 3. 12 .. ., 12 Awavdeil OoM Medal Aiiulo-Anierieaii Kxhibition. 4. 6 „ 1922 .. 21/9 Bronze Mechil Royul Ilnrlicuitiiral Society. 5. 10 36,6 POWDER WEED KILLER. 6. 18 distinct var. includ- Tile ^n\i\e elieiniL-al eominmnil iis the liquid, and only needs ing 6 1922 var. 33 the addition of \\'atfr. 7. 23 distinct var. includ- ,, Dissolves Quickly in Cold Water. - ing 10 1922 var. 50 8TZE OF TINS 12.'. 2;-. All (ibuve Carriage and Packing paid No. X. sufficient to make galls , postage Bd. 25~ 1. , ,, ., 3,6 „ 1/- '^, ., M 50 „ 6,- ., !;

^, 1"U .. 10,6 Perpetual Flowering Carnations = „ ,, ,. 1/6 ^. ,, ,. 150 „ 15;6, post free. 12 plants in 12 var. 17 6, 24 in 24 vars. 32 6 = Tins free. KillsDaisies 50 in 50 vars 65/- Carriage ct Packing paid ^ Lawn Sand.— etc , and fertilises the grass. No other manure necessary. 7 1b., 2/3; 56 lb., 13/-. On rail Tonbr dge. Perpetual Border Carnations ^ Soluble Paraffin. —Mixesinstantly with water and doe.s not separate 1 lb., 2,9, post free. 1 oz. sufficient for 1 6pla..tsin6vars. 21/- Carriage d: Packing paid = •gallon of water. Arsenate of Lead (Paste) for de.stmying all leaf eating insects, 2 5 i>er lb., jiost free. 1 lb. sufficient for ^f Please send for Catalogue of over lOO = tj.tlloii.s of water different varieties := Extract of Quassia Insecticide.— 1 ga'lon 5,'-; Drum 2,-, allowe-t ^^"hen returned; carri ige jaid on o gallons I'iut. 2 6. post free Compound Extract of Quassia Tobacco Insecticide. - (Dept. I'int, free A. V. ELLIS & Co. I.G.) I 2 6: quart, 4,-, iiost Silverhall Xnrsery ^ THE ACME CHEMICAL CO., Ltd. MIDDLESEX ISL.EAVORTH % f TONBRIDOE, KENT. miiiiiiiiiiiiii' lilllflllNlllllilllllilllllllMlillllllllllr^ ' ^

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1 ESTABLISHED 1832. TELEPHONE 3351 (Private Branch Exchange). TELEGRAMS— " BROOKS," DUBLIN |

I HORTICULTURAL GLASS, PAINTS, &c. I

GLASS Cut to dimensions, packed and delivered at your rail- way station. Also stocked in the regular box sizes PAINT " BROMAS " for general household and estate purposes "VALENTINE" for hay barns, &c., doubles the life of galvanized iron.

" PETREX " for conservatories, does not flake off. Plastic Repair Compound for repairing leaky roofs and "DEAUTITE" . cracked glass, also for General Repair Work, " " BROMASTITE Asbestos-Cement Roofing Slates & Flat Building Sheets for inside & outside walls. Rot proof & damp proof.

BOILERS . . And heating plants, newest Types. Please ask for lists. GREENHOUSES And GARDEN FRAMES. Also TIMBER, SLATES, BRICKS, IRONMONGERY, and every Building Requisite THOMAS & CO. BROOKS LTD. i BUILDERS' PROVIDERS, Sackvillc Placc, Dublin mil | —

IRISH GARDENING. Ill

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^' Bees' Free Garden I ^' I The Triumph | Insurance. IMPROVED No. ". I I Mm Yor ciun't require to take out a policy for llio insurance of your garden.• " All you Jireil to do is to FOLLOW a policy. By SEED buying Bees SOWER Gii.^ha.ntestei) I (triple tested and guaranteed) E (ProvisJODally protected.) = Roses. Plants, Seeds, etc., you not only insure yourself against loss, but tht- success of vour garden is ensured. I Three Implements in one. Forms a drill, I Test these— .\I1 (/arriagc Paid. 6 Roses for All I'lLrposes, 9/-. I sows the seeds, and covers them up. | 12 Roses for All Purposes. 18/-. 6 Roses tor Buttuiilloles. 10/6. Oaly British 6 Roses for Exliihition, 10/-. C Gold .Medal Roses, everv one a gem. 11 /6. IVlade 6 Rauibler R.is^s for arches, etc.. 12 '-. 18 6 6 Perpetual fl. Carnations, border or pota, ."i/rj. 15 Flowering ea?h through- Shrulis for Town or t'uuntrv, 18/-. 8 Hardy Azaleas, beautiful nii.\ed shades. 20/-. 8 Hardy Clematis without baudlc out. in Pots. 17/6. 12 Beesiau Lupins. 7/-, Carriage 1/- 6 Oriental Poj.iiic-. real giants, 5/-. A Boon to all extra. 12 Hardy Flowers l,)r Cutting, 9/-. Gaidetiers 12 Beesian Sweet Williams, shades. Packing free mixed 5/-. 9 Michaelmas llaisies. recent novelties, 11 /-3. 12 Prize Cactus l)Mhlia.s, fine sorts, 6/6. " :5fl Varieties All-the-Year-Round " Vegetables, 5 '6. = I Will last a lifetime — not a to\- Simple for anyone to ISpkts. Hardy Animal Flowersfor Border or Cutting. 1 /9 : use — will sow a thimbleful of seeds the right distance 8 pkts. Double 'i'eii-week | Stocks, 50 seeds each, 1/-. apart without bacl<-breaking work. Great saving of seeds = Complete Cianlen 'I'ool Set, well and strongly made, 19 /-. Double-edged Saw. reduces labour to minimuin. 8/-. and practically no thinning out. All orders executed in i Garden Gloves. Ladies' and Gents'. Canvas, 1 12 pair; rotation. = Leather. 4/6. \Vr!/c fir r/lHstrahd List l.G. | Three Huxiused Per Cent. Profit.

\Vrite for Bees' Catalogues of Seefls. Plants. Roses. Fruit J. R. GAUNT & SON, LIMITED Iresi. etc. | , containing dozens of coloured plates and hundreds Warstone Parade Works. Birmingham, and = ot lifedike phnto-|iietures. If v(m send 6d. you will receive besides i^tasss- ^Sia,,^^ the 60 CONDUIT STREET, W. | Catalogues. 6 packets of Seeds ^ value Manufacturers of Swords and Small Accurate Metal Work = 1 /-, an.l a voucher w another 1/- to you when vou send Establislwii ^oo years. Trade supplied. § in your order. Write to-dav 18lB MILL ST. NOW—Lest You F.uget. iiiMiiiiMiuiiiiiiiijiiiiiiiiiiiiiiMii>iiiiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiriiiiini iiiiiiiiiiiiimil iiinMiiiiiMinMiiiitiNii Mriiiiiiiriiittiirriiitij LIVERPOOL. PROTECT YOUR BUDS FROM BEE HIVES FROST AND BIRDS. est s:lectei W. AND ALL APPLIANCES terproof Girden Nets, small mesh, oiled and dressed, 25 yds. by i yd, 3/6 yds. by J 25 2 yds., 7,- ; 25 yda. by yds., 3 10/6. .\uy Icnglh or width supplied. .\s supplied by ua to the Royal Gardens. Cheaper kind liept in stock Ca-r. Fruit Preserving Bottles I'aid. Established 120 years H. J. GASSON Fruit Protecting Netting & SONS ''rye." sl-ssex.'''' Fruit Baskets and Punnets DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE-GUIDE OF Large Stocks, Moderale Prices, Lists free ; " also Lnstructions in Fruit Bottling" isiliich Alpine & Herbaceous Plants is a most interesting and profitable hobby POST FREE Violet Runners, La France and Princess of Wales. doz. THOS. MCKENZIE & Sons, Ltd. 3/6 ; 25/- 100, post free. GREAT BRUNSWICK ST., DUBLIN The Maxwe 1 & Beale, Dorset Nursery. BroadstODe. Dorset.

THOMSON'S CELEBRATED UNRIVALLED FOR ALL A. N" LJ r%R P* «JP^ M* " "^ GARDEN CROPS ^ ^^ ^ SOLD BY ALL SEEDSMEN & NURSERYMEN BY I^W^S TO HIS MAJESTY APPOINTMENT t/ii -^ THE KING

AGKEN & MO R LIMITED HOTHOUSE BUILDERS & HEATING ENGINEERS ELECTRICAL ENGINEERS AND IRONFOUNDERS

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ITHOUSES, HEATING, ELEOTRIG LIGHTING, IRON FOUNDING Surveys Matte Estimates and Plans Supplied

W. RICHARDSON s Co. SPECIALISTS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ALL KINDS OF HORTICULTURAL BUILDINGS, ALSO HEATING ENGINEERS

gr" Plans and Estimates prepared free of cost '" Large Catalogue o{ photographic views of Horticultural Buildings DARLINGTONfree on application

(LONDON OFFICE: Albert Mansions, 92 Victoria St., S.W.I j — — IRISH GARDENING A MONTHLY JOURNAL DEVOTED TO THE VOLUME xvn ADVANCEMENT OF HORTICULTURE AND MAY No. 195 '9-2 ARBORICULTURE IN IRELAND EDI70R-J. W. BESANT

The Flowering Crabs. 'iL Oah />P« By Jj.vDY Moore.

Among other varieties is runidisiarii , known in AS ornamental trees the nurseries as the Paiadise stock. Crabs are doubly useful The finest of all Cralis, John Duiniie, raised by to the gardener. In Mr. Holmes near Lichfield, has beautiful spring they can hold scarlet and orange fruits produced in wonderful profuse their own with any fiow- clusters. ering; tree, and again, P. m. coniiKiiui, from N. America, flowers in later, when the branche.s May and June. Sometimes called Mains fragrans, aie laden with scarlet it deserves a place in the gardens of those who and yellow fruit, they appreciate fragrant flowers. Its pink blossoms, two make a second show of inches across, are as sweet as violets. Mains coro- colour that is both na lia is a short -trunked, wide-spreading tree, the l)eautiful and useful, for ideal tree for the front of a shrubbery. well-made crab-apple v. 7«'H.s(.s—the Iowa Crab—is closely allied to jelly is delicious. The 1'. corona ria. Crabs come from East P. in. Yunnanensis was introduced in 1901. It and Wecst. Botanical was discovered by Dr. A. Henry in Eastern e.\i)loration of the past Szech'uan. A tall thin tree, with white flowers twenty years in China in corymbs and reddish fruits. It has been found has shown that many since in many localities in China, always at a Crabs which were called high altitude. Japanese have their P. Zvnii is a small pyramidal tree. A native of origin in the wilds of Japan, it came to Europe by N. America in 1905. China, but the Japanese It has long oblong leaves and bunches of small have sent out uuiny fruits. It opens early here (Glasnevin), upright beautiful varieties. flowers in clusters, liright rose colour in the bud, The familiar and becoming paler as it opens. beautiful mendier of the P. Torhujo is also a small tree, with dull green Pyrus family Pi/rus leaves, downy on both sides, flowers varying from mains floiihunda, of rni- pale pink to deep rose, and borne in clusters on known origin, came, in very slender stalks. The fruit is very small, the first instance, from brownish yellow to red. It is a distinct graceful Japan. This never-fail- habited tree, but the blossom is short-lived and ing, most satisfactory tree puts forth its blos- the fruit not so atti'active as many other Crabs. soms in fair or foul weather. The deep, lose- The name Toringo means Cliinese Apple. coloured bud opens into delicate pink flowers as 7'. Biiujo, pyramidal in shape, is surmised to be big as a shilling, five or six in a cluster, on the a hybrid between P. spectabilis and some form slender drooping branches. As they fade they get of P. mains. It is one of the first and best to white. It seldom fruits well in Ireland. In'l920, flower here. Long rosy buds, paler when open, its damson-like shining fruits formed on some its very sweet perfume adds to its charms. Its trees, but were soon swept off by birds. great attraction is in the autumn, when its abun- Var. atrusdnijuinea has the rich colouring the dant bright yelli.w fruits, hanging from the lower name suggests, showing in twigs and leaves. The side of the branches, make it a landmark in the leaves keejj their purple colour till the autumn. garden. Each fruit is a perfect little apple; they /'. «!. HuUiana and the double variety Paik- have a pleasant flavour. Boiled whole in syrup iiiiinii (garden origin) are no less beautiful than and bottled, they make a novel dessert. Laden fldi-iliiDuhi. but they do not flower so profusely. branches for table or room decoration are very Tliey need more sunshine. pleasing, and remain fresh for weeks. It has a I'. III. IlaUiiiiui first came from Japan, but lias double flowering form. later been found in Western China. Pjjins harciifa, the beautiful Siberian Crab, 7'. iniiliix—the crab apple of the hedgerows—is which grows into a tree 40 feet high, is widely the parent of cultivated garden apples. There are spread in Nature from Siberia, the Himalayas, to two distinct forms Sylvestiis and Mitis. The Manchuria and Eastern China. It is a pity it is variety Miti.s is considered to be the parent of not planted more frequently in gardens, parks, the sweeter apples; its twigs are very woolly, its and hedgerows, when the beauty, in April, of its fruit-stalks shorter than those of Sylrestiis. l)ranches, covered with white blossoms, is only ; so IRISH GARDENING

rivalled by the plentiful crop of cherry-like little The leaves of both are collected, dried, and used .ipples, which in the autumn hang on the trees as a beverage which is drunk as a substitute for long after the leaves have dropped. Perhaps the tea. Hence its name. reason it is not jjlanted is the attraction those P. ftonbiinda X P. Xieihu-etzkyana has re- brilliant red apples have for those to whom colour sulted ni a iiappy blend of purple foliage and verv in the hedgerow means less than a crab apple in dark red flowers with the graceful floiilmnd'a the mouth. habit. This hybrid is called P. purpurea. Pyrus iSaiijeiifi was named in honour of the P. pninifolia is a small tree with white flowers great systematic botanist of the Arnold Arbore- which open in April. It is largely used in Japan tum near Boston. It is described as being of as a stock on which to graft imported varieties of purely Inishy habit; however, one plant in this the European apple. It has a variety pendiilu garden is upright, and it has pale pink flowers with graceful weeping branches. less round in shape than those of the bushy plant, P. mnlus Prattii.—This little-known Chinese tree which are white disc-like blossoms. Tt is very is a very distinct species, rather like P. ,S'iA-/,-i- hardy, and stands frost with more indifference iiieiisis. and shares its peculiarity of having fruits than -most of its tribe. It dislikes the knife. A marked with white dots. native of Japan. P. 31ii(jdebunjen.^is was raised in the Magde- Fynis si>ect(ibilis.—This is one of the largest Inirg district of Germany from a cross between and best of the Malus group, and flowers in great P. siJcctabilU and P. mains (dasyphylla). In profusion from the middle of April well into May flower it is one of the finest of the crabs, bearing deep rosy-red, paling towards the end of its handsome clusters of large, deep, rose-coloured season. The flowers are two inches across. It ha.s double flowers. Here at Glasnevin it grew some- no autunm beauty of fruit. what slowly at first, but improved with some ai- P. spectiiljilis Kiiidu is probably a hybrid teiition to feeding, and now promises to form a between P. .ipertdJiilis and P. Bit}rio. It has larger good specimen in a few years. and deeper-coloured flowers than P. specfaliilh. Fortiuiately, Crabs are not very fastidious as to P. rii-ukiris, the Oregan Crab, a native of W. soil. They seem to like lime, which brings them America, with long, sharply-toothed, downy into the list of flowering trees that do well in leaves, rose-tinted white flowers, long egg-shaped County Dublin. All Crabs fruit regularly, but a red and yellow fruits. It is little known in culti- May frost is often deadly. vation now. P. mahif Silieiilrclu'ii. a big tiee with erect branches, shining green leaves, paler Ijeneath. Pale rose flowers often semi-double. Yellow glo- Variety in Summer Bedding Arrange- bose fruits. This is one of the most useful and ments. distinct of all the flowering (as distinct from growth., fruiting) Crabs. Its habit of vigorous FoR.MALiTY in summer bedding, as was practised shoots from 3 to 4 feet in one season, covered the close on lialf a century ago, is now, generally with clusters of fi to 10 large following May speaking, almost a thing of the past; indeed, there blossoms. Branches a yard long, w'reathed in is a distinct charm about a garden in which a from end to end, can be cut for house flowers variety of subjects enter largely into the arrange- decoration without any danuige to the tree, and ments, so that at wliatever period one may visit if cut wliile the buds are just opening will hist a it during summer, there is sure to be much to fortnight. P. in. Scheiderlceri comes into flower delight the eyes. It used to be considered correct quite three w-eeks later than P. in. flurUnnuhi. It to grow almost the same class of plants in the beds is a hybrid between flinUiiinda and, perhaps, and borders year after year, set in painful uni- spi'ctdliilis. and was sent out by Spath of Berlin. formity, line upon line at tlie same height, and /'. Ni/.iniioi.s/.s, the Sikkim Crab, a small, low- should any transgress this law, such plants were branching tree, distinct among all other Crabs in jMiiched back until they conformed to ideas crude cultivation by the excessive development of thick, and cramped. Some of us remember the days of rigid branching spurs on the trunk. The leaves Pelargonium, West Brighton Gem, and the sportive are oval, pointed at the tip; white flowers, an inch yellow Calceolaria, with an edging, or even two, across, rosy in the bud; open in May. The fruit of Pyicthium iitiip}iin (" Golden Feather") and is pear-sliaped ; a curious dark red colour with liibbon Grass. Happily, those days have gone, paler dots. luid few would advocate attempting to beautify P. Xiedziretzhi/iuia is considered to be only a a garden on such a plan. It is being recognised colour sport from P. mains; hut this fact seems more and more that to have a beautiful garden insufficient reason for giving it such a dreadful one is not bound to provide a greenhouse for the name. Introduced from Siberia, the interest of propagation of sidijeets so tender, that have to be this tree is in its rich red colour; branches, twigs, |)repared and hardened Viefore they can be finally leaves, flowers, stems, even the young wood when ]>lanted in their cpiarters for a sliow of at the .best cut, shows Ijright red right through, so thoroughly — —only a few months' duration. is the tree permeated with red colouring matter MoiiiiiiN lon.is. The average gardener to-day Pyrut: mnhi.t Theifern.—This is one of the gems — looks beyond the mere effect produced by following of the Chinese introductions. A small, upright a pattern of plants set out with geometrical exacti- tree, with stiff spreading branches, it is very the greater beauty and usefulness of sub- beautiful in Spring when covered with its large tude to all, are even mori' effective, and white flowers, the effect being increased by the jects that, after compara- purple calyx and the reddish tint of the unfold- tliat will furnish him year by year, with trouble, with flowers for the adornment ing leaves! It .stays in flower a long time; the tively little of home. To tliousands to-day actual bedding fruit is small, wine-coloured, and ripens about the his formerly understood it, is quite un- end of October. They germinate freely, and come out, as one in Perennials and Hardy true. P. Theifem is widely distributed in the known, because Hardy mountainous regions of China. In Western .\nnuais they have all that they desire to bring gayness and to provide them with blossoms Hupeh it and its form ru.iea are connnon in w^ay- about to side thickets, and are cultivated occasionally. in plenty for cutting. Many people who used IRISH GARDENING 51

go to iuiiiieuse trouble, and not ;i little exijense almost a pure orange, very freely .borne over a long annually, to have a display of summer bedders period. J,oam and leaf-mould, with a little sharp have long since abandoned that idea, and find sand, meets all its requirements, and if the plants amongst perennials and annuals a beauty and can be trained over wire supports, or given a lead variety the like of which they never appreciated towards the rafters, they form pleasing additions as they do to-day. One was almost led to believe to any greenhouse. Propagation is effected by by the bedding plants put out in May in suburban cuttings of half-ripened wood in sandy soil in a gardens that other subjects would not thrive, but propagator, or under a .bell-glass. The colour of we luive liv<'d to see that not only ui ihose gardens the flowers is not by any means coninion among.st but in the very heart of towns 'that many hardy greenhouse plants. subjects have proved a success. Plants may also be employed outside in the Popular Pl.4Nts.—One good feature about some summer in beds or window boxes, with good effect. of our hardy plants is thai one may have flowers Vt. LiNDERS Lea. Ivefore bedding subjects have become established in their summer quarters, and others that linger with us when the autuuni frosts have disfig\n-ed those that are tender. To us that seems tn be a decided advantage, and we submit it has cnutii- buted not a little to their popularity, but the annual expense of plants which have to be reared under glass some months in the year has led many to tin-n to other subjects of a more enduring character. It would be foolish to condemn in a wholesale fashion tri-coloured Pelagoniums. or to shut out o'f our purview Alternantheras or Lobelias, once so much in vogue for edging purposes and for carpet-bedding arrangements, but present day conditions all point to less formality in gardening, arid to a decided encouragement in subjects that follow each other in succession, and yield a love- liness that is not for the garden only, but for en- hancing the beauty of the home. We have long been conseious of the fact, that to have a panorama of flowers, from spring days to the chilly autumn hours, nothing can pos.3ib'ly conipete with Hardy Perennials, and sown about borders containing them, it has now become quite common to see many faun'liar annuals like Nigellas Calliopsis, Lavateras, Godetias, Calendulas, to^iame a few. Hardy plants provide a perfect treasury of blossoms, provided anyone will study them, 'and plant with a view to coiitinuitv of flowering. Doronicums bring their golden rjioouis in April and May. Pseonies and Pyret!ii-uius follow on closely. Many borders are in these days brighter much earlier than they used to be in the tinie of bedding plant regime. Polyanthuse.s and Foreet-mc- ix'ots and Wallflowers contribute a splendid stait to summer .beauty and are now often quartered 011 borders wdiere, in their prime. Delphiniums Phloxes, Campanulas, M]iums, Helianthu.ses! Trolliuses, Rudbeckias, Poppies, Lychnises and' Starworts, often hold one spell-bound by their simple beauty. There is an old saying which runs thus " " : Distance lends enchantment to the view in these days it is not distance but variety of plants in a garden that firings joy and pleasuie and tho.se we have noted are not the least charni- iiig.

W I.IXDERS Le.\.

Diplacus glutinosus.

This is a greenhouse plant deserving of wider culture, but unfortunately it is little known. Of perennial growth, possessing a straggling, twinin" habit, it needs but treatment accorded to the ordinary occupants of a greenhouse, where miscellaneous flowering plants are grown to suc- ceed with Viplacus filvtinn.'ius. The narrow dark green leaves, especially during the summer months exude a sticky " " or gunimv substance hence its second appellation. plrus magdeburgensis in the koyal botanic The flowers, not unlike those of a Mimulus, are Gardens, Dublin. — IRISH GARDENING

Rock-edged Borders. garden entranced me, and deiuonstrated how much beauty may be derived, when patience is In ciniiUry gaixlens neatness in the inattei- of exercised and where trouble is not counted making borders is not always considered; straight very nnicli. lines, with plants set out at equal distances, are One thing struc-k me ])articularly, and it little known, but. instead of geometrical exacti- was that tall-grow'ing subjects luvd for the most tvide, you see borders edged with rough pieces of part been excluded, those of a dwarf and trailing stone, not infrequently obtained from a local habit being planted, so as not to interfere with quarry, where limestone or sandstone is to be each (jther, or to obscure the view, and I also found. Now and again one comes across such noted the wide range of subjects employed, so borders, raised above ground level, and it gives that from spring's earliest days to the close of those partictdarly interested in plants of lowly autiuim there is something to charm, something and prociunhent growth an opportunity to show to be admired. It is a garden in which time has what ran l)e done in growing subjects, that once been willingly given, and to-day it is an exempli- planted and established will go for years w'ith- fication of the old adage, " nothing withoiu out requiring much attention. One such garden labour," for every stone had to be carried and is in my mind as I write; it is situated on a wedged into i)lace before soil could be brought or hill side, so that the borders have had to be planting thought of. banked up with stone to prevent the soil falling .\lKTir.\STON. away. The edges of these borders are fringed with boulders and sandstone, and to-day the Putting out Ne-w Plants. whole presents solidity and security. It is a few- years since this garden was first made, and must A VERY large number of enthusiastic gardeners have involved a deal of labour at the time, Init derive no little part of their pleasure in trying the plants have softened down the rough places, new plants. Few people nowadays are content with the beauty of foliage and blossoms. In a dry to go on growing the same plants year after year, summer like last it suffered not a little from the ancl the rapidity with which new species are in- fact that the soil is of a sandy nature, but being troduced from temperate coinitries makes it im- situated in a south aspect, this garden is a ]iii'- perative to test their suitability for our gardens ture in its early spring and summer beauty. In at once. Many that are suspected of being the retaining walls of the little terraces opportu- tender are grown for a year or so in pots, and nity has been taken to make use of crevices and kept as cool as possible in order to acclimatise odd corners to plant bulbs. May finds it all aglow them. Ultimately it becomes necessary to put with Aidjrietias and Aralns, and the old Candy- them to the final test by planting outside. tuft I he lis semperfiicns. Helianthemums—the May, with its warm sun and growing atmo- Sun Roses—find a home in many corners, and sphere, is usually suitable for putting out any overhang the ledges with their myriad blossoms. plant with pretensions to hardiness. Conditions Rosy Gem. Golden Queen, Fireball, and Appeni- then are such as to encourage innnediate growth, nuiu are well represented, and it would be diffi- and, with the summer in front of them, plants cult tc conceive a greater show of blossoms day have a fair chance of establishing themselves and after day for so many weeks' duration as these lipening their growth before w-inter returns. plants furnish. Ceiasfhim t(/mentosum ("Snow in There is a natural disposition to choose sunny Summer "), with white foliage and even whiter positions for plants thought to be tender, but that flowers, is to be seen blooming side by side with is not always a correct conclusion. Many plants the smoky blue flowers of Nepeta mussini. may establish themselves in such a position only Another plant in this garden, common enough on to ije coaxed into precocious growth the following old walls in villages, is the Valerian. V. ruber is spring, perishing by a sudden spring frost. Many the true perennial species, and, like the " Snap- evergreens of reputed tenderness do much better dragon," will grow on dry banks and between in shaded positions, facing east or north. Here, stones, w-here other plants would scarcely exist. in North County Dublin, Clematis Aitiuindii Thrifts, too, find a home (Armerias), and their failed miserably until transferred to a north w'all, crimson, red and white flowers from out their where it has flourished ever since. In like posi- cushion-like growth are very pleasing in May and tion, several tender Pittosporums have estab- June. On a corner of one of the raised lieds, lished, and the tender Vilninnnn riKjosiim. Qeranium (rrandifiuium (Crane's Bill), with its (^^onsider well, then, before finally deciding on the violet-blue flowers, never fails to give a good trial position for a doubtfully hardy plant. No account of itself. It is an old-fashioned plant, Tides can be given, as so much depends on the and the less it is disturbed the better. It is to be .soil, situation, and aspect of a garden, but fre- feared that some of us are losing sight of plants quently the decision between sun and shade that once were " old-tiiue favourites." One such makes" the difference betw-een failure and success, is to be found in Sedum siKithvlifohum —a trailing and even the proximity of a sheltering shrub or subject, with yellow flowers, profusely borne in overhanging branch may give the new addition a summer. For planting about rocks and stones chance of establishing and becoiuing hardy and the various forms of dwarf Campanulas are most able to do without protection. The nurse plant, useful, and sorts like pusilla and pulla protrude if a duplicate or of no value, can be removed their innumerable miniature bells from out their later. B. compact growths of tender stems. And wild flowers have taken possession in a portion of this Gladioli —An Appreciation. hill-side rock garden. Peering out of the flag stones which form the steps on the approach. I TRUST that the iiiactical article from the pen Primroses and Forget-iue-Nots bring the spring of " B.." on page 41 of Irish G.4rdening, may be days nearer. Trailing Veronicas, with flowers of the means of inspiritig some who, up to now, have brightest blue, wind their shoots round oak stumps never regarded Gladioli very seriously. As the " driven in the ground to help to retain the walls. writer tritely puts it, the Gladiolus is a plant for I was merely a, visitor Id the home, but the overvlxidy. and adorns the villa garden equally — — , II^ISH GARDENING. 53

well witli tlie large piiljlu- paik." If I may ven- in a flower through the telescope of size, and ture an opinion, it is only of late years that the consequently, the dainty sprays of charming private grower has awakened from liis lethargic- Single Chrysanthemums were regarded as some- state concerning this—one of the most beautiful what inferior. Happily, in so far as exhibitors of bulbous plants—as apart from the scarlet are concerned, we know that to-day much com^ Brenehleyensis. other varieties were compara- petition and keen interest is evinced in this very tively little known or appreciated. But no one beautiful and useful class, and prejudice concern- can shut his eyes to the fact that a great change ing them has died away, so that in most societies has been brought about, and in many quarters provision is now uuide for the inclusion of Singles interest in tliem is very keen; but the interest is in the schedules. Perhaps the early-fiow-ering mild in comparison to that shown by our Ameri- sorts of this section only require to" be better can cousins, who devote considerable space to know-n to be appreciated: indeed, as a grower of their culture, and appraise them at their full value, them, I am sure of this, and would suggest to so much so indeed tliat societies are springing u]) those who have not hitherto tried them in their every year for the furtherance of the growth of borders to do so tliis year. May and .June are the " Gladioli. B." has dealt with the culture of best months for planting them out, and they need them so admirably in the article referred to that little attention afterwards when Once staking has it is inrnecessary to add anything further in this been doiie. Quantity rather than, quality of direction, except to say that corms may be blossoms, so it seems to me, is What one should planted as late as May, and will furnish delightful aim at, as, for general decorative purposes, the spikes in early autuuni. As Gladioli increase in Singles are very charming. numbei' each year, I look upon them as a good A nice selection will be foiind in the follow-- investment, and all that one need do is to lift the ing : SimpUrify. large sprays of pure white lacy corms before frost can i-each them, and keep them petals; Altiinrhani Yellow, clear and large in a cool, dry place until the following year, and flowers; MUlniijht Hun, terra cotta; Carrie Lii.i- then replant, growing the " baby " corms of the fortl, crimson; Fire King, bright crimson red; first season in a bed to themselves the next, if Xathdlie, crushed .strawberry; DoUy Thurpe. possible. The spikes are becoming popular for salmon apricot; Bronze Queen, bronze, shading to table decoration. amber; Bosamund Hall, pale rose; Fasriniition W. r.INDERS Le.\. deep golden yellow; Jolni Woolnian, pink, with white disc; Xiohe, cream, suffused with peach. Window^ Boxes and Baskets—Furnish- W. LlNDEES Le.I. ing them. Anchusa myosotidiflora. It is not always the plants specially grown for Though l>y no means a new or very uncommon window boxes and for lianging baskets that make plant, this Borage attracted considerable attention the liest display. Possibly, .some of us have re- at a recent Royal Horticultural Show in London. alized the futility of cramming into the restricted In habit it is imlike most others of its tribe, for space of a basket, or box, a fully-grown plant, not only is it a very early bloomer (February to and more than once have lieen cognisant of our April), but the' foliage disappearing in autumn, mistakes in this direction. the flow'ers come before the leaves, or long before If we must make a confession, we must admit these are half grown. These flowers, like little " that it has been, on many occasions, the odds- Forget-me-Nots, are produced on elegant, airy and-euds " of seed pans and striking pits—plants sprays, which rise to 9 inches or 1 toot, and in which were either too small or not good enough such numbers that, where the plants are grouped, for Ijedding out, but, when given room to grow, the ground appears to be covered by a haze of made better stuff than we imagined they would azure. No sooner have these begun to go off than do l)y the beginning of June. We have in mind the big, hairy, heart-shaped leaves are developed, late-struck cuttings of ivy-leaved Pelargoniums but it is smnmer time before they have attained and Fuchsias, both of which are eminently suited their full size. A. inyoso'tiiUfliira is a good subject to culture in either baskets or boxes, as they are for semi-shade, and now'here does it look better amenable to training and trailing if only the start than in colonies beneath deciduous trees. With us it is made w-ith young plants. To an extent this is usually blossoms in advance of Ompholode.-< vernd also true of another favourite—the Heliotrope and nitido, which are put to similar use. and amongst seedlings we liave in mind, at the A. T. .1. moment. Verbenas and Petunias, as well as Thum- bergias—the latter an extremely pretty green- Tiouse annual specially suited for baskets sus- Geraniums with Beautiful Foliage. pended from a roof. We may find many subjects, It W'Oidd scarcely be correct to say, concerning if we look round, that will serve us in either capa- certain Palargoniums grown fifty years and more city during the summer. ago because of tlieir pretty foliage, that " they W. LiNDERS Le.*. had tlieir day, and ceased to be," because, now and, again one comes across them in large estab- Single Chrysanthemums for the LishaiedtSi' where; for. the most part, they jiije grown in pots for indoor decoration. Time was, Garden, however, when " Geraniums " with beautifnl It is rather singidar that amongst the thousands foliage were prized very much for bedding pur- who plant early-flo\yering Chrysantlremums in poses, especially in beds on well-kept lawns, where their garden, the Singles are not ' nearly so they could be seen to their fullest advantage. much employed as one would expect them to be, With the exception, perhaps, of the white-edged considering their worth for table decoration when .sorts, of "which Flower of Spring may be cited as cut. In the days when the Single forms were first an example, very tew are grown in these days; introduced growers of Chrysanthemums for ex- indeed, the highly-coloured tricolour Pelargoniums, hibition did not take kindly to them at all. It once the pride of the " fancy," are seldom, if ihe truth lie told, some exhibitors only saw beauty ever, met with out-or-doors in any quantity. The 54 IRISH GARDENING

reasons for decline in interest of sorts like Lady liaps among all her lovely sisters, is a poor half- Galium, Mrs. Pollock, Beauty of Lauderdale, dead thing. She ha.s prospered here for a while Crystal Palace Gem, the i-reine-i1e-Ia-nenie of and then gone-off, not in the liardest weather, but growers of a former generation, may be attrilnited more often in a spring frost. However, there are to several causes. These, and similar sorts, were reserve plants in the frame, and T. Hulkedna not profitable to cultivate, inasmuch as they were shall be forgiven and re-planted unto seventy- slow of growth, so slow, indeed, that it was not tinies-seven if need be. necessary to pot them very often, and few would Though not comparable to the foregoing, there take the risk of turning them out of pots for is a distinct charm about V. chathamica, in the bedding purposes, lest they should be retarded in tender glaucous green of its oval-pointed leaves the autumn when it was time to re-pot, and take and the way in which it creeps over the rock-face, them liack to the greenhouse. Then, again, closely hugging the lines of the surface. Though fashions change in the matter of plants. Annuals reputedly not quite hardy, we have never lost a are grown very much more than was formerly plant of T'. iltatliamica. It seems to like a cool, the case, and early-flowering Chrysanthemums but well-drained site, and produces its blue- gave us new ideas in regard to the planting of lavender flowers in the later summer. Like most beds and borders. Contemporary witli the day of its kin, it strikes very I'eadily from cuttings, of tricoloured Pelargoniums, it was the general and it may be layered. practice to perpetuate Verbenas by means of T'. pinieleiiides is a shrublet of aliout one foot.

cuttings, and they were recognised mostly by bluish-grey in the foliage, with the small oval named varieties. To-day there is no occasion for leaves often tipped or edged with red. The this, as Verbenas are raised from seed sown in the blossoms are of a lilac-purple, and when massed greenhouse just like other half-hardy annuals, and on a rocky ledge or large pocket at about the for bedding out serve the purpose. I well remem- height of the eye, this species is very effective. ber houses in nurseries devoted exclusively to There appears to be many forms differing slightly these beautiful-leaved Pelargoniums, but the in colour, and a trailing variety. Rather lesser small grower never really took to them, as, imlike in stature and more inclined to the prostrate Zonals, they were too slow of growth to l)e really habit is T'. /(irdiufidHd, with leathery, dark-green profitable. leaves, also reddened at the edges. The flowers Mercaston. are white or purple, and produced in closely- packed spikes at the tips of the branches. Rather Some of the Lesser Shrubby Veronicas. siisceptible to wintry \isage is this one. A couple of Veronicas of somewhat distinguished Before attempting to round up and present in appearance and undoubted merit are T'. Lijalli some sort of order even a few of the confusing and Catarractx; but who is there who shall tell members of the mighty tribe of Veronica, T liad " tother from whicli " when even the experts a look round the garden, and decided that the don't all agree ? To be accurate, I believe the safest way out of an obviously tedious task would latter to be the larger of the two, though many, be to take some of the species and varieties just perhaps most, nurseries send out as Lyalli a as they appeared to me in the said peregrinations plant which is bigger in all its parts than their " and report upon them. CatarractEe, bigger also than either of the " true In the first place a tale must be told of failure, specimens one sees in the domains of the wise. for r. Hiilkeunu, most exquisitely beautiful per- Albeit, this Lyalli—probably an intermediate IRISH GARDENING 55

tightly-packed clusters of little dowers. After this form between tlie two— is a fine thnig, almost a 1'. formal in the perpetual bloomer, and perfectly hardy. The true manner, also, is carnosula, very its uncompromisingly rigid and steely V. CatarmctiK, I believe I am right in saying, set of others whose chief may be distinguished from the true Lyalli by its foliage, together with some are narrow and very sharply points of difference lie in the tinting of the leaves. leaves, which " " toothed, whereas those of the latter are nnich The sub-shrubljy V. sujatalis needs no bush it. for the brilliant rounder and much less indented. The large, to those who have ever seen white, purple-veined flowers in both of these and azure blossoms, delicately lined with violet, and iris crimson, the form alluded to are l)orne in a most elegant with a pure white eye set in an of anthers, are fashion on airy sprays rising clear of the foliage above which rise the pale yellow from the terminal leaf axils. among the most lovely of this fascinating race. six inches, Near to the foregoing comes T'. BidwiUu. or This is quite a lowly plant, hardly sprawl about in what usually passes for it—a tiny, creeping shrub- and the loose-habited branchlets V. sa.ratiUs ling, smaller than Lyalli in leaf, branch and flower. a most graceful way. The leaves of and thick, and in this a delightful subject for a fairly high, dryish are a deep green, hard those of that other spot, where its pretty white, or pinky-white, respect they are not unlike This flowers can be seen to full advantage, and where very desirable little species, V. satureoides.

it will winter in safety. T. eporridea, a wee little is also a true alpine Speedwell, with blossoms of shrub with four-sided liranches of leaves which the same size as those of the above (half-inch turn inwards at the tips, so as to clasp the stem, across), but of a more deep-toned blue set-off with is also a delightful plant for a place near the eye, vermilion anthers. Both of these appear to enjoy Ijut its flowers are too small to add to the genera! rather cool summer treatment. effect. Another first-rate blue, with grey-green foliage,, Much after the same style as the last may be came to us under the name of T'. Whittali, but mentioned a whole set of Veronicas, some quite beyond that I am entirely ignorant as to its common, which grow their leaves in a more or identity. It is also a sub-shrubby, bushy little less scale-like manner. Among these is V. Herfovi, plant of about nine inches high, not absolutely with its rounded, polished stems; the prostrate hardy, and an excellent subject for an old wall, lycopodioides, which affects a four-sided arrange- into the interstices of which it will root, and thus ment in a more pleasing green, the smoother and form a drooping mat of charming effect. more golden asfori, and cupiessnides. which Practically every one of the above Veronicas are- breaks away into something more akin to a bushy surpassingly easy in any free soil. The great little Cypress in a fresh moss green, the tiny majority of them are sun-lovers, regular and flowers being a pale blue. T'. Armstrongii looks abundant bloomers, and whilst they are resistant like an improved Hectori. the leaflets being more to drought they do not mind our wet winters. expanded, the colour verging to a more golden They are so easily propagated that it is easy ta hue and the small blossoms blue instead of white. keep in reserve cuttings of any which appear In T'. f:artcorniuides (piopinqua) and Haastii we tender, and most of them come to the flowering have again the more open type of foliage, the stage very quickly. thick fleshy leaves, though closely crowded, stand- A. T. Johnson. ing out from the stems, which terminate in N. Wales. •56 IRLSH GARDENING-

A Fine Hardy Arum Stocks for Winter and Spring

(Lysichiton kamtschatcense). Blooming.

Still rare in our gardens, this splendid Aroid is For cold giecnhouscs, or ni houses where very conijjaratively common as a native of many parts little heat can l)e given, winter and early spring of British Cohunbia and, I believe, Japan. It is does not always find much bloom in evidence. In a bog-plant, allied to the "Skimk Cabbage" {Hym- sucli circumstances it is well to consider what ithjcarpus fotithts), but without the latter's may be grown in sunnner with a view to flower- stench. Indeed, it seems hardly just to associate ing in the dark days of the year. It has long it with that unsavoury species, for Lysichiton is been somewhat of a puzzle to me why people who a noble and beautiful plant, sending up from its have greenhouses, and raise every" spring Ten almost leafless base in spring a large and ele- Week Stocks from seed, should lose "sight of stocks gantly-formed spathe in a real Caltha yellow. that come to their beauty stage in late autvunn This striking, almost stemless, blossom "is fol- and winter if provision "is made to give them lowed by the luscious, tropical-looking foliage house accommodation and just a suggestion of consisting of rounded, fleshy leaves of a peculiar warmth, for they practically need no more to glaucous green. Though a bog-plant, this subject secure their free flowering, fragrant spikes. We is not fastidious, and will prosper iii^ any rich, have several secticms of stocks to-day which may cool loam provided its roots can reach water or l)e sown in June in light soil -in a cold frame or wet soil. It has been giown successfully in a;; on a sunny border, among.st v\^eh may be men- ordinary liorder over a deeply-laid bed of peat, tioned, for winter flowering, Heiiufi/ of Xice. and t'lay, and old cow manure with a vertical field for spring blooming, the East Lothian. In these drain pipe set in near by to be filled up with two sections alone we may have a variety of colour water occasionally during spring and earlj from purest white, pale yellow, rose, and mauve sunnner. and crimson, and the perfume emitted at the time of A. T. ,J. flowering is most sweet. Sowing and Growing.—May I suggest to readers who have looked upon stocks solely in the Wallflowers light of garden blossoms to consider them from the standpoint of The Sweetest Flowers of Spring. winter flowers for the green- house. If they will but do this and sow the ^ seed "Wallflowkrs need no recommendation, as to as advised, afterwards potting them on until a thousands of people they have a charm, and their six-inch sized pot is reached, they will have a fragrance is such that no garden, however small, reward, when many other flowers are gone, in where spring blossoms are catered for, can be magnificent and sweetly-scented spikes. These regarded as quite complete without some of them. stocks can, of course, be pricked out in beds in We may be disposed—on the score of economy, the garden and grown there until autumn, when perhaps—to restrict our purchases of bulbs for they may be lifted and potted, but it is never a spring flowering, but the trifling cost of seed of very satisfactory i^rocedure, often resulting in a collection of Wallflowers will not admit of .any flagging of foliage and, for a time, retarding reduction so far as they are concerned. growth and delaying of opening of flower buds. We say. then, as others are telling themselves, The better plan is to pot them on when large " we must sow seeds of Wallflowers," for surely enough into six-inch pots from the bed where they are the sweetest flowers of spring. We know they have been pricked off, using good friable how simple are their requirements—jiist to sow loam, leaf-mould, or spent hops and rotted the seeds in groimd well dug, in a situation open manure. In this compost the plants will thrive, and sunny, in soil free of any manure, and to and need very little by way of stimulants for prick them out with what space we can give each months, when a pinch of guano or Clay's fertiliser plant, getting them into their final quarters in will improve them. autumn, lifting every plant with a ball of soil, so MiNiJiisiNG W.ATERiNG.—To Save trouble in as to ensure as little root disturbance as possible. carrying water during summer, stocks, after re- When is the best time to sow seed of Wall- ceiving their final potting, may be partly sub- flowers—May, Jinie, or, as some do, in July? mergecl in soil or ashes in a sunny position, for What has experience taught us in the many years there is no need to burden a frame with them at we have grown them? That July is soon enough? all, as in October they can be removed direct to

Becidedly not ! We rather believe in the method the greenhouse. we have long practised, that the ending of the The long ])eriod in which winter and spring blooming season with these old-time flowers, flowering stocks remain in bloom should in itself which is May, should also be the season when be an inducement for folks who have greenhouses seed ought to be sown, certainly no later than to include a few of them at any rate in their the middle of June. What a heritage, too, we arrangements, but, strange to say, whilst the pro- .have in present-day varieties in comparison to fessional gardener realises their worth, the those our forefathers knew—the old blood-red and average man with his little house, for .some yellow Oastle, not always true to colour ! reason not easily understood, leaves these delight-

Now we have them in delightful shades of ful fragrance-bearers rigidly alone ! orange, and rose purple and ruliy, lemon and Is not this very remarkable considering how apricot, brown and primrose, a perfect ganuit of very easily they may be reared and grown, and colour, and as delightful in fragrance as they are with so little expense ? beautiful. Mercaston. Thinking of them, and anticipating their loveli- ness this year, we resolved that, come what may. Poison Berries we must not forget to sow Wallflowers for another season. Glasgow Corporation city fathers came down W. [nNDERS TiE.4. heavilv in the Court of Session, and have IRISH GARDENING 57

iigain come down heavily in the Lords, in The walk runs due east and west, and forms the a defended action, raised liy the father of a boy southern boundary to the garden, which is also of seven years who lost his life thi-ough having centuries old, and contains two very fine speci- eaten some berries from a plant of Atropa bellu- mens of the Irisli Yew, evidently contemporary donna, in a small plot of medical plants in the with those forming the walk. Glasgow Botanic Garden. In connection with As the fine old Monastery of Monasteroris, now this unhappy incident, it may be profitable to in ruins, is only about one mile distant, it is sup- recall the much worse case, related in a com- posed that in long-ago times monks lived at Ijendious work on the Jardin des Plantes, pub- Momit Wilson, and planted the walk and garden. lished by Cnrmer,— Paris, in 1842. There one may Some years ago an American gentleman offered read that ; " Belladonna, whose aspect is sus- the late Mr. Newsom a big sum of money for the Iiect, despite its elegant bearing, produces Yew Walk, as it stood, as he wished to remove it numerous fnuts whicii, upon maturity, resendile to America, but his offer was declined. lilack cherries; children are sometimes deceived S. N. B.4KEK. /)y them; and tlu' old cuiidoyees of the Jardin des Plantes will tell you that during the Revolu- tion some little orphans from the Hospice of Pity, employed liy the administration to weed the " manvaises herbes," noticed in medical plants plot fruits of the Belladonna, found them of a sweet savour, and ate a pretty large quantity of them; fourteen of those luifortunate young chil- dren died some hours later." It is a moving story, and it contains a warninir. .1. P. ^ ^

The Nepeta, or Cat-mint, ^o designated from the fact that its foliage is aromatic, belongs to a section of hardy perennials of a dwarf order, and is allied to the Sage family. .Vrppffj mnsf.\n\ is possibly the best known of the genus, and within the last few years, has excited not a little curiosity amongst iovers of rock plants. The flowers are plentifully borne, are purplish blue in colour, and are svir- rounded with narrow foliage of grey green. Hardy to a degree, and standing dryness better than most plants, we have in this prostrate growing subject one that will accommodate itself to most environ- ments. It is one of the easiest things to propagate, as cuttings taken almost at any time during the summer and planted in a little sandy soil will root in about ten days, or plants can be divided in the autunm. Xipi-fit in ussiiii makes a very pretty edging for a border of hardy plants, and blooms for months together. No winter seems to kill it, and from a few plants one may through the medium of cuttings work up a stock very soon. Thk Ykw Walk at Mount Wilson, Edenderry, I have used it with good effect for some years as King's Co. a base for beds of May flowering Tulips, and those interested in Tulips should bear it in mind. Mercaston. Allotments. Amateurs and allotment-holders are large pur- The Yew Walk at Mount Wilson, chasers of Cabbages, Cauliflowers, Sprouts, and similar plants from the open market. Before these King's County ])lants are taken away the roots should always be examined, and should they appear fleshy or The accompanying photograph illustrates some- swollen such plants should be rejected. The chief thing which, we think, is unique in this country pest to bo feared is club-root, which is a disease. or in the British Isles. It is the Yew Walk at Sometimes the plants are attacked by the Mount Wilson, Edenderry. King's County. Cabbage Root-fly, an insect which is perhaps not It is composed of .'io Irish Yews—17 on one side quite so troublesome; but club-root is extremely and 18 on the othei-, forming an avenue 8(1 yards difficult to cure on a plot once it is introduced. long and about 18 feet wide. The trees are 5S feet (Occasionally the plants are attacked by both high, and the branches meet overhead, and are pests, but the presence of club-root is fairly easily so interwoven that a heavy shower will scarcely determined, it being characterised by the roots damp the ground underneath. of the plants being swollen and often tapering to Tradition says that the trees forming the a point, and being distinctly whitish in colour. If avenue are 600 years old, and as the walk has the plot is already free of this disease, much the been the same for the 240 years during which the safer way is to sow seeds, and not purchase place has been in the family it is thought that the plants. (3n the other hand, if the plot is diseased, age estimate is about correct. better results may be obtained from purchased One tree was struck by lightning in 1916, but jilants which are clean, as infection takes place jiart of it is still living. in the seedling stage. It is always wise when ;8 IRISH GARDENING.

sowing seeds of any of the Cabbage family to ialooJoooo produce a continuous supply initil late in the autumn. These Beans require nnich the same treatment as that given for dwarf kinds, except, of course, that stakes must be provided. Scarlet Runners.—From the middle until the The Month's Work end of the month is a good period to sow this Bean. The ground must, previous to .sowing, have 3 0OOO009OOOc(2^0000 00000O00 0aCO©c'j^f^00O'>0000O0Ol been well prepared and manured. The seeds may 00000000 0«>oO\^^Oo©Q^qQOOOOOOflOOOO^^tJ<'OoOOOOOOOOcl be in a double line, about nine inches wide, and the seeds from six to eight inches apart. When H. Lee. to Powers- the seedlings appear above the grotmd, dust fre- By Mr. W. Gardener Viscount court, Eiiniskerry, Wicklow. quently with lime or .soot to keep away slugs. K.P., Co.

Vegetable Marrow.—This crop is easily culti- ' vated. A good sunny position should be chosen, Wv INES.—Where early Vines show ^^^^_ signs of insect pests they and one where Jhere is shelter, as the large leaves are easily destroyed by cold or rough wind. should be thoroughly syringed nr luniigated once. Marrows were frequently grown on heaps of at Red manure, not that the plant requires large quan- Sjjidcr has not been troidilc- soiue it tities of manure, but l)ecause such heajjs provided this season, as some- times is in .sunny a suital)le medium for the roots and lilieral suji- hot, plies of moisture. The plants can be grown weather. But where spider equally well on the level ground, but a good bed has obtained a hold prompt should be made up. If plants have not already measures for its destruction grapes been raised, make small hillocks of good soil and must be adopted. If the .sow the seeds. Long White or Long Green are are showing colour cari^ful the most useful sorts to grow. fumigating is necessary and Swede Turnips. —Garden Swedes should he sown not the use of the syringe, as during this month. If the " dwarf top " garden the bloom on the berries is kind is used, fifteen inches between the rows will liable to be more or less damaged by liquids. Re- be siiffii-ient. It is recommended to sprinkle a move all cold manure from outside borders, so that little superphosphate of lime in the drills. The they can he warmed by the sun. Every advantage seeds shoiUd lie sown very thinly; they soon ger- should l)e taken of sun heat to increase the ven- minate and require thinning-o>it. The seedlings tilation early in the day, closing the houses early. readily transplant during showery weather. Inside borders will take a great quantity of water Thinning and Transplanting. —Turnips are a aftei- the vines are in full foliage, and liquid manure good example of the necessity for early thinning- should be applied at every alternate watering. out of seedling plants. If this is not done suffi- For late houses the remarks as to thinning, dis- ciently early, the result is weak and poorly- budding, stopping and tying given in ]n-evious grown crops. Early White Turnips can be finally months will apply. Examine the borders of suc- thinned to four inches apart, and then each alter- eessional houses at least once weekly, and when nate plant can be drawn as soon as the roots can dry water freely. be used. Parsnips may be left up to nine inches Peaches.—Early varieties when they show signs apart. Small Early Carrots can be thinned-out of ripening should have plenty of air. and in order three or four inches apart. After thinning-out it to have the fruit highly coloured should have the is beneficial to give the crops a dusting of soot, shoots tied in and the fruit fully exposed to the and then to run a cultivator or Dutch hoe between sun, and a free circulation of air when the weather the rows. Wlienever it is possible, transplanting is bright ancl warm. Before they show- signs of IRISH GARDENING 5(

npeiuug the borders should have a good water- Beet.—Sow the main crop in deeply-dug, friable ing, and the surface of the trees well nudehed. soil, moderately rich from manure applied to the They will not then require watering until the croiJ previous crop. Globe Beet is the earliest, and can is gathered. In late houses the trees should bo be grown closer than the long varieties. well syringed, and the houses damped down at Scarlet Kunners.—Make a sowing of these in shutting-up time. Tie in the shoots where they the open early this month, or in boxes for planting are sufficiently advanced, and avoid overcrowding, out at the end of the month. This crop requires leave only enough to take the place of fruiting a very rich soil, and should be grown in trenches wood imless it is found necessary to extend the with plenty of cow-manure dug into bottom. trees. Allow the plants to remain about one foot to STR.twBKRHihs.—All plants in pots that are not eighteen inches apart. Where tall stakes cannot ripening fruit should be freely syringed, and should be had Runner Beans may be pinched to any re- never suffer from want of water. It is a great ad- quired height. vantage when they are grown on shelves for the Tom-4Toes.—If plants are strong and well pots to stand in saucers. All ripening fruit should hardened-off they may be planted out against walls have plenty of air to bring up the flavour to the with a southern aspect about the end of the highest pitch. Discontinue watering with manure month. The stronger the plants are and the water when they start to colour. earlier they are put out into their fruiting quarters, Melons.—These should have every attention in the more profitable will they be. the process of setting by daily impregnations, French Beans.—To keep up a regular supply pinching out the growing points about two joints .successional sowings should be made in light, beyond the fruit. At tills period keep a well- rich soil. Climbing French Beans are well worth veiitilatcd and dry atmosphere to aid setting. Top- growing for their continuous cropping, which dress plants in fruit with a rich soil, and water makes it so profitable. \A'ax-pod or Butter Beans with manure water twice weekly. Maintain a good are also worthy of a place in the garden. moisture by syringing the walls and foliage. Fe.ajies.—Afford water to Carrots, Radishes, CucuMBERS.-^Plants now coming into full .bear- etc., growing in frames. Allow i^lenty of ventila- ing should have a good spread of foliage, and will tion, in fact the lights can be taken completely off now require plenty of water. Topdress the plants where the crops are being used. Plant out Brussels with a good, light' compost as the roots appear on Sprouts two feet apart in lines three feet asunder. the surface. Shut up the houses with sun heat This crop requires plenty of space and generous so that the temperature rises to about 85 degrees to treatment. 90 degrees, at the same time syringing the plants. Hardy FaniTS. Tomatoes.—Keep the houses at all times as dry Continued wintry weather necessitates watchful- as possible, the plants firmly staked and disbudded ness to the blossoms of fruit trees. The disbudding to one .stem. If the plants are planted out in beds, of Peaches and Nectarines requires to be done when the roots come to the surface they shotild gradually. In all instances a growing bud should have a topdress of a good fibry loam, with a mix- be retained at the base of the present year's fruit- ture of sulphate of potasli or superphosphate. ing wood, and a growth retained on the level with Instead of mulching the plants it is a good plan or above the fruit. Remove all shoots growing to cover the surface of the ground with good, thick outwards or towards the wall, and tie in the brown paper. Plants for outside planting should growths left as they require it. be hardeiied-off previotis to planting out. Strawberries.—The ground should now get a good hoeing between these iilants when the soil Kitchen G.\EnEN. is dry. Dress the ground with lime between and The weather having b-;en very unfavourable. under the growth of the plants to keep away slugs. Parsnips, Onions and Carrots which, under Before the trusses of bloom get too far advanced ordinary circumstances, would have required thin- straw should be carefully placed under the leaves ning have only just appeared above ground. As and between the plants. Manure water should be soon as the seedlings are large enough thin out applied, especially to plants over one year old. to the required distance. This operation should Raspberries.—Hoe out the suckers, only leave be done in showery weather, as the plants draw the required number of strong ones for ne.xt year's and transplant better when the ground is moist. crop. Retain the most favourably placed shoots. Any blanks in the rows should be filled up at the Raspberries require mulching on light, dry soils, time of thinning. Onions and Beet transplant very grass lawn mowings answer very well. well. In the event of dry weather setting in before the transplanted seedlings have taken to the soil, Flower Garden and Pleasure Grounds. they should be watered with a fine rose can. Kun Bedding-out will now be the primary item in the hoe lightly between the growing crops to en- this department for the month, and plants should courage growth. If not already done sow Broccoli be well hardened off in preparation. Where spring and Savoys. Tran.splant Cabbage, Cauliflower, etc.. liedding is carried out the beds will not be ready sown last month. Celery for late crops can be until late in the month. Polyanthus, Primroses, pricked out into frames. Continue to sow Turnip, Aubrietia and Arabis used for spring bedding Radish, Lettuce and Mustard and Cress for suc- should be divided up and planted arovnid fruit cession. Seakale plantations should have their breaks, or in reserve beds, for filling the beds growths thinned out to one apiece. Dress again in the autumn. Wallflowers, Sweet William. .Asparagus beds with salt during showery weather. Canterbury Bells and other biennials should be In cutting the shoots care should be taken not to sown in drills one foot apart. Myosotis, Lim- injure the crowns. Plant out Vegetable Marrows nanthes. Douglasii. Silene and Brompton Stocks growing in pots. Assist Tripoli Onions by water- should also be sown now for spring bedding. Hardy ing with liquid manure. Sow a good breadth of Annuals will require thinning out. To get the Peas, utilising the spaces Ijetween the rows for liest results they should have plenty of room to Spinach. Sow Broad Beans at intervals to meet develop. Dahlias and Gladioli may be planted out the probable demands, and earth-up Potatoes as in properly prepared beds or borders. they require it. Sweet Peas. —Autumn sown plants that are 6o IRISH GARDENING

growing strongly should be firmly staked, and Schizanthus.—1st prize, Mrs. McEnnery. their growth tied out. Ijicjuid manure may be Tulips, single.—1st prize, W. Robertson"; 2nd. T. given if buds are showing colour, unless the ground Ray. was heavily manured previous to planting. Hyacinths, single.— 1st prize, T. Ray. Sprinkling them overliead after a warm day is Hyacinths, six pots.—1st prize, T. Ray. much appreciated l)y the plants until they eom- Cut Flowers. mence to flower. Narcissus, collection of cut blooms, .30 varie- "Spring Flower ties. — 1st prize.— .1. Lionel Richardson. Show. Narcissus, twelve distinct large Trumpet varie- Charming Wealth of Colour. ties.—1st prize, J. Lionel Richardson. Narcissus, twelve distinct In the euvered court attaelied to the Earl of medium cupped varie- ties. 1st prize, J. Lionel Ivearize. Mrs. Butler. and .T. Kearney. Polyanthus. 12 vases. 1st prize. C. Wisdom Fruit and Vegetables : —Messrs. R. Duthie and — W. Tyndall. Helyi 2nd. F. Ray. Prize List. Primroses, single and dotible, 12 vases.— ls( Alpine Plants, in flower. Twelve jians. — 1st jnize. Captain Ryall. jjrize, Mrs. Butler, Priestown House, Specials. each distinct. Twelve pots or Alpine Plants, Group of Cinerarias from Major Kelly, Mont- Challenge Cup, presented by Lady pans. A rose, Donnybrook.—Award of Merit. Nutting.— 1st prize, Murray Hornibrook, Knapton. Extensive and tastefully arranged group of Abbeyleix; 2nd, Miss Hart, Woodside, Howth . spring flowers; arranged bv Mr. Streeter, gard- .'ird, Mrs. Butler. ener to B. H. Barton, D.L.—Gold Medal. Six pots. 1st prize, C. Primula Oboconica. — Specimen of Magnrjlia Campbellii from Mrs. La Wisdom Hely. Oakland, Rathgar; 2nd, Major Touche, Kilmacunagh, Rathdrum.—First-Class .3rd, Robertson, Kelly. Montrose, Donnybrook; W. Certificate. Heri'nitage, Dundrum; highlv commended, Thos. Extensive, varied and very interesting collec- Thornhill, Stillorgan. Ray, tion of Alpines from Miu'ray Hornibrook. Knap- 1st prize, W. Plants, for table decoration.— ton. Abbeyleix.—Silver Medal. Robertson; 2nd, Mrs. McEnnery, Dalguise, Vases Trumpet Daffodils. Major Seagrave. Kilty- Monkstown ; .3rd, C. Wisdom Hely. mon, Newlownmountkennedy.—Vote of Thanks. 1st prize.—Major Kelly; 2nd, Deutzias, three.— Specimen of Tricoloured Thyme, Murray Horni- C. AVisdom Hely. brook, Knapton, Abbeyleix.—First-Class Certifi- Isl prize, W. Roljortson; 2ntl, Mignonette.— cate. Major Kelly; -Srd. Mrs. McEnnery. Leeks, Mrs. A. Nolan, plotholder.—Special prize. Cunningham. Tiiuitv Freesias. — 1st Miss prize. Hall, Dartry Road; 2nd, W. Robertson; :iid. Mrs. 30 vases in .30 varieties Daffodils, Anonymous.- McEnnery. Silver Medal. 1st prize. Mrs. McEnnery. Arum Lilies.— Specimen of the new Pieris taiwanensis, col- any variety. 1st prize, W. Spiraeas, White, — lected by Mr. E. H. Wilson in Formosa, 1918.— Robertson. First-Class Certificate to the Marquis of Headfort. Calceolarias, Herbaceous.—1st prize, Major * report. Kelly. Iiixh Times — cf IMPSONS' UPERSEED sNAPDRAGONS ANTIRRHINUM SEED ® PLANTS from Strains that gained us 13 Awards of Merit and 10 Highly Commended at the Royal Horticultural Society's trials, Wisley, 1920. Plants for May delivery should novo be booked.

TALL VARIETIES.- -Esme, ilflicate pijik; Our Prince, oi^ni^v tin;i- SPRING SOWN TRANSPLANTED PLANTS from BOXES-Unlcss other oranp'-scaiirt, wiiitc tnlir; CLitui. whitt.- lube: The King:, Warrior, WIS.- iustruete.l, tbi'se «ill b- dispatelied eailv in -M.ay. soon as criinsi'ii: deep y.-ll.iw. deep Yellow Kingr, liardeiicd oti ready for planting. 1 /4 per dozen (if less tlian 12 ol MEDIUM VARIETIES. -Afterglow, .iiauiie-Kcailet; Amber Queen, one variety at 2/- \ki- dozen); not less than C of any one variety orange aud yetleiw, while tuhe; AufOre, fiery terra-eittla; Bonfire, named. 25 or more of any one variety at S/ti per ioo. Carriage extra Src lielow. apricot and old '.'.'lit: Cardinal, r,ri.;e se.irlet; Carmine Queen, glowing carmine: Crimson King, tiipisLin: Electra, riiiy (range, white tulie: Fascination, ligiit jiiiil;: Golden Cem, dirp yell.iw; .Special rates for Cash with order (which nuist he addeil to the Lady Roberts, pure printrose; Morning Clow Improved, old g..ld: above pnces). Carriage, box and packing up to 2i plants, 1/-; Prima Donna, self peach pink, whit.' tube; Roseum Superbum, ^

Seeds of 1 1 Tall, 22 Medium, 5 Dwarf varieties from 6d. per packet. varieties Six for 2/9 ; twelve varieties for 5 -, post free

List ..ur i-eueral Seed Li.st, free on application, contains full particulars ui above: Sweet Pea

Colour Schemes uji-tn-ibTt.., bv Mr 1: V- Fi'lton: Sweet Pea Plants, .'iinl ..ur other sp,.ri;iliti..- W. H. SIMPSON & SONS, Seedsmen, BIRMINGHAM jf,-..-^...^.,-^..-^.

-iTiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiinMiiiiniiiiiiiiMiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiKiMiiiiiM 111111111111111111111 iiiiiiiiiiti iiiriiiiiiiiiiiii 12 GRAND Award of Merit VARIETIES —

VI IRISH GARDENING

Reviews.

* The Rose Encyclopaedia. This new and comprehensive work is from the pen of Mr. T. G. W. Henslow, iM.A. Tlie autlior is a well-lvnown writer, a practical rose grower and an organiser of proven aliility. He writes with first-hand knowledge of liis subject, and has ad- \anced through all the stages from tyro to the skilled producer of high-class flowers. In the process he has amassed a fund of knowledge ol)tainable in no other way, and has en- co\mtered all the difficulties and obstacles that Tlie makers of Abol have at their l)eset the path of every beginner. He has learnt, command knowledg^e therefore, how to solve the problems every gained by years of practical grower finds from time to time, and in the nine- experience as actual growers, teen chapters included in the Encyclopaedia he as well as in the manufacture has set out in a lucid form the manifold aspects of preparations for the preven- tion of rose growing. It is not possible in a compara- and cure of insects and tively brief review to discuss the details of each diseases. Every brew of Abol chapter, but on the important questions of Suih is tested on actual pests, in (Did their ['reiiaratioii. Manures, Plantinij (iiid order to ensure that it possesses .1.11 those properties rnm'ing, there is little room for criticism. The which have author writes as one who knows, and while con- g-ained for Abol such a high reputation, is sidering and discussing all the details, and point- and none oflered for sale unless it ing out the essentials, be is wisely not dogmatic, has success- fully passed all the and allows for differences in soil, situation and various stages of examination. aspect, making common-sense observations as tri the necessary modifications required in treatment. Write for Guide to Garden The chapters are full, Init not too long, and the Pests—gratis and post, author is never wearisome. Other important free. chapters are those on I'lOpit'jiiUdu, Pesis and Of Nurserymen, Seedsmen, etc.. Spmyinti, Fl.rhihitinfi ; also Poses for JJerorotions, Sole proprs. and mnfrs., Abol Limited, 156 Beltri[ig', Paddock Wood, Kent. Published by Vickery, Kyrle & Co., Ltd., 4 Gt. Marlborough Street, London, W. 1. 12o. (Id. net.

Ml

^>llirillMll[lllllllllltlllMlllllltlllllllMIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMIIIIIINIinilllllIlllllillllllllIIIIIIIIIIIIIIMItllllllllllllllllllllllinilll!£ ^^

THIS pamphlet gives full instruc- | ^ j "Successful E tions for making a success of your | =

Garden, and it is therefore important | = j Gardens : I it. I you read | = I for .some of the I The following are | =

chapter.s : = I every Amateur" I |

" I How to begin." "What can be done I e " I in the Spring." What can be done | E " Keeping Garden I in the Summer." the | ^

i Fit." "Flowers and Lawns." "Fruits," | 1 " I Manuring tables for Vegetables." | = ^ // Ku7/ he se/i/ io yoit^ i;ra//'s mid etc., etc. ^ post free, on appiicafion to I I 1

-TiiiiiiiiiiJiiiiii iniiniiiiiiMiiiiiiiiniiiiiiiiniiiiitiiiiMiiiiiiiitiiiiiiiiMiiiiniiiiiiiiMHiMi iiiiiiiiimdiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiimiiii?: :i:

= The Chilean Nitrate Committee, 25 Chichester St., Belfast |

HIIIIIIIIIIIIII! ii.ii'" 1

IRISH GARDENING VI lioxcs iok/t Oluss, Vaiiiiirs oiitl Ilahifx, Sc'lc(- iions. Garden Ormiinriiti(tioii, and Th<> Ifosr Groirpr's Calinuhtr. Ask Your Nurseryman ') Chapter XVIII. page 221 (212 in " Contents deals with I'fan^ niiJ Plaiitino Sclifmrs submitted by many of the leading conniiereial rose growers, or Seedsman and while some of the plans are. we think, mi- neeessarily elaborate, they are, on the whole, sug- For the following Well Known and Highly

gestive and original . the lists of varietie.5 suggested Efficient Horticultural Preparations. for the various beds are eminenlly useful, especi- ally as the colours are usually grouped. Chapter XIX contains a descriptive list of all the best THE CHEAPEST INSECTICIDE OF THE DAY Roses at present in commerce. (i The author in the opening chapters comments NIQUAS" uuich on the Rose as the national flower of Eng- ^NO>I-POISONOUSi IMPROVED land, and in Poetry tind The Buse contributes a A Concentrated Extract uf Qunssia, combined with other valu-

rousing poem from his own pen. He rightly gives able ingredients, forming ;i cheap, sate, and effective Insecticide well deserved praise to British nurserymen for for syringing and dipping. It destroys all Insect Pests their work in improving the Rose, and generously infesting Trees and Plants, whilst no possible injury to vegeta- refers to the great Rose specialists of Ireland. It tion can result from its use.

is strange, in these days especially, that by far the It can be applied with syringe or pump, or used ^or dipping greatest number of the best varieties of England's pint, 3'- Prices^Half-pint, 1/1 ; 1/9; quart, ; half-gallon, National flower should have been raised in Ireland. 4 '9 gallon, 8 6; two gallons, 16/-; three gallons, 21/- Let us hope that in the new era now dawning, the ; five gallons, 32/- ) ten gallons, 56/- Rose. Thistle and Shamrock, each living its own I gallon siitficitnt for 8o gallons of water. life, and fulfilling its own destiny, will yet remain bound together by common interests, sharing to- gether the heritage of the earth. STANDEN'S MANURE Nratlv liniind .-uicl )irofiisrly illustratrd. and in- (Established over 35 Years)

Exceeds nil others in General Fertilising Properties and Sta^'ing Powers BENTLEY'S Analysis on Application Sold in Tins, 9d., 1 6, 3/-, 6/- each. Bags, '4 cwt., 13/6

'2 twt., 24/- I cwt. 45/- i Weed Destroyers i ; For Fumigating in Greenhouses.

^ Largest Sale ! Xearly 50 per cent more ^ "LETHORION' ^ powerful than any other ! The most effect- ^ ^ ive, the most lasting, the most economical. Er IMPROVED METAL CONES = Registered No. 62,597 CONCENTRATED (Liquid I to 80) ^ To destroy Insect Pests. Tlic Candle attached to e.icli Cone - - = 6 galls. ; 12 galls. 90 ; galls 175,'- 47 24 ^ only needs lighting, nnA there is no further trouble. They are most efficacious. S POWDER (I to 25) = '- .\o. I. For frames and "lean-to's" up to 1,000 cubic = tills 11/6; S tins 22 ; tins ; 4 S 12 ;),} = = tins feet. Piice, lOd. each. 20 52 6 ; 40 tins 102 6 = No. 2. For small greenhouses up to 1,500 cubic feet. Price, 1 /3 each. j Bentley's Daisy Killer | No. 3. For a well secured house of 2,000 (o 2,500 = LAWN SAND = cubic feet. Price, 1 '9 each. ^ Permanently destroys moss and every form = ^ of weed on lawns of every description ^ FOWLER'S LAWN SAND = This preparation is tor destroying Daisies and otlier weeds 4 cwts. and over 25/6 per cwt. ; i cwt. 27/6 ; = on lawns and at the same time stimulating the growth of = 56 lbs. 14 'g; 2S lbs. 8/-; 14 lbs. = the grass. If one tin is tried as a sample, :ts value will be ^ 4 9- tins, I 6 each rr at once appreciated. Sales are largely mcreasmg. = Carriage paid on 20 - orders and upwards Ei '6, - Tins, 1 3 .md 5 6 each ; Bags, '4 cwt , 10./-; Soil' Mannfac/uri'rs - ^ /,' c"t., r cwt., ^ 19/- ; 35, I Joseph Bentiey, Ltd. | ELLIOTT'S = Clieniical Worl

niiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiii!iiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiii r^ For Greenhouses. A pleasant green shade is given to the glass. LOOK In packets, 1/6 for loo feet of glass, and 3/6 each for 300 feet. i-lood Cotton .Nettings, email mesh, for L-urden nets, Sole Manufacturers : poultry runs and tennis conrls. 2nvds. bv 1, 2s. 6d.: 4nyds. b.v 1. 5s.: 2'lyds. by 2. 5s.; My'ds. by'i, 10s.; and CORRY 6 Co., Limited any lont'tli or width required. If lines top and bottom, .Herclianls and Manut'aciurers uf Nurserymen, Seeiisineii and Id. per yard extra for 2 lines. 81b. parcels odd lenptlis. Florists' Sundries and Tobacco PreparationsFree of Duty, lor A^'ricultural [or bush prrilpction. 4s, Caniaci' paid, rasli witli ciidev and Horticultural Purposes. " •'OPEDS, Net Shop, Rye, Sussex To be obtaiued from all Dealers iu Horticultural Sundries ; vin IRISH GARDENING

Burrell; No. 52, Crimson tcrleaved with apt advertisements, the work is one 42, Nancy, sent by J. J. Cheal; No. 57, Reginald Cory, sent we cordially recomuiend to our readers. Flag, .sent by by J. Cheal; No. 66, Edina, sent by Dobbie; No. Ladysmith, sent by Dobbie; No. 95, Our Annie, Hunting Novel 78, New Irish sent by J. Burrell; No. 113, Suse, sent by W. This new book, entitled " Hounds, Women, and Treseder; No. 137, Cyril, sent by W. Treseder; No. Wine," is by the popular author, Mina Holt. 166, Hussar, sent by Dobbie; No. 175, White Star, " The Governor's Romance," by the same author, sent by J. Cheal; No. 177, Surrey Star, sent by J. was published only last year, and was cordially Cheal; No. 187, Felicia, sent by C. Turner; No. received by the public. A great horsewoman and 188, Leda, sent by C. Turner; No. 194 Nerissa, sent hunting enthusiast herself, the author is specially by C. Turner and No. 225, Bonella, sent by Dobbie; qualitied to wi'ite a novel which contains a rich No. 202. Nars, sent by C. Turner; No. 205, Albin, vein of humour throughout, and has a compelling .sent by Godfrey; No. 213, Merlin, sent by C. Turner love interest giving zest to the story. Published and No. 212, Duchess, sent by Dobbie; No. 219, by John Long, Ltd., 12, 13, 14 Norris Street, Hay- Argos, sent by Dobbie; No. 223, Charlotte, sent by niarket, London. Price 9s. net. Dobbie; No. 220, Tommy Laing, sent by Dobbie. Tliiihhj Coiiimriided.—No. 24, White Cloud, sent Invitation- by J. Cheal; No. 25, Jean Kerr, sent by W. Atlee The well-known Dutch BuIIj House of Anthony C. Burpee; No. .32, Defiance, sent by J. Burrell; No. van der Schoot. Hillegom, Holland, informs us 68, Iliad, sent by J. Burrell; No. 70, Enchantress, that the best time to see Hyacinths, Tulips, Nar- sent by J. Burrell; No. 76, Rose Princess, sent by cissus, etc.. in full flower will be about from April Dickson and Robinson; No. 97, Rosie, sent by J. Crossley, sent 25th till the first week of May. Burrell ; No. 115, Bishop by W. Boat-trains from London (Liverpool Street Treseder; No. 129. Mrs. O. M. Courage, sent by Station) for Harwich rvui every night at 8.30. ex- J. Cheal; No. 138. Verona, sent by J. Burrell; No. cept on Sunday, and the steamer arrives Hook 140. Linnet, sent by Dobbie; No. 156, Ladas, sent of Holland about 6 o'clock in the morning. by C. Turner; No." 161, Padre, sent by J. Burell Mr. Anthony C. van der Schoot will always be No. 168. Mountaineer, tent by Dobbie; No. 185, at your service for further information. Lisette, sent by C. Turner; No. 186, Hiklegarde, ;=ent by C. Turner; No. 191, Pauline, sent by J.

; 193. Orpheus, sent by C. Turner ; No. Catalogues. Cheal No. 197, liittle Jim, sent by Dobbie;" No. 203. Electra.

Messrs. Maxwell & Beale, The Dorset Nursery, sent by Dickson & Robinson ; No. 217. Hetty, sent Broadstone, Dorset, have sent us a copy of their by Dobbie; No. 227, Toreador, sent by J. Scheepers; extremely interesting catalogue of Herlxtceous No. 2.37. Chenango, sent by J. Scheepers; No. 2.38. and Alpine I'lanis, Momine Fhints, Hardy La Grosse Bete, sent by J. Scheepers. Heiith)), rAirendei-s, etc. "We have examined it, ('oiiiiiiended.—No. 15, Waverley. sent by Dobbie; and find the collections admirably anaiiged and No. 20, Mrs. Forester Paton, sent by J. Cheal; No. selected with care; all the best plants of the out- 44, Cambria, sent by J. Burrell; No. 45, Pearl, sent door garden are included, and in many instances, by J. Cheal; No. 49, Nelson's Xarifa. R. H. Bath; as in Cumpamihis. Ho.rifiuinis, etc., the number No. 61, Peggy, sent by J. Burell; No. 64, Orange of species and varieties is astoni.shing. As befits Sun. Krelago; No. 127, Aria, sent by Krelago; No. specialists in Lavender, quite a nmuber of inter- 131. Peronne, sent by ^X. Treseder; No. 142, Lolah. esting forms are offered. We are convinced that sent by J. Burrell; No, 179. Mauve Star, .sent by any of our readers who send for this catalogue J. Cheal; No. 190, Queen of Whites, sent by C. will not be disappointed. Turner; No. 196, Glow, sent by J. Cheal; No. 199. Chira Cup. sent by Dickson & Robinson. Messrs. A. 'V. Elus & Co., Silverhall Nursery. Isleworth, have kindly favoured us with a copy of their catalogue of flH/iii/iiis Alhroodii varieties, French .\tiu ArRitAN Marigolds. together with a list of perpetual border Carnation.? .itrard of Mrrit. No. 4. F/pgion of Honour, sent perpetual flowering — and the better known indoor by Dobbie. kinds. This catalogue is of great interest to the hardy plant lover, as well as to the grower of the Iliijlihj I'ornmrndrd.—No. 18, Silver King, sent indoor varieties. The firm specializes in Carna- liy Barr: No. 29, Lemon Queen, sent by Dobbie; tions, and has recently acquired an additional No. 41, Prince of Orange, sent by Dobbie. and are now nursery at Sutton Coru-t, Chiswick. Cominrnded.—No. 12, Dwarf Gold-Striped, .sent making growing acres of Carnations, of all kinds, by Barr; Nos. 13. 15, Golden Ball, sent by A. Dick- cuttings so at a point of propagating from selected son; No. 17, Pigmy Golden, .sent by A. Dickson; to keep up the purity and vigiur of the stock. No. 19, Extra Dwarf Orange, .sent by Barr (iden- the hardy Those who have' not yet grown tical); No. 16, Pigmy Canary Bird", sent by A. give them a THanthMS Alhroodii varieties should Dickson; No. 27. Tall" Orange, sent by J. Carter; trial, and as a preliminary .send to Messrs. A. Y. No. 37, African Primrose, sent by Barr; No. 40. :i catalog. * Ellis & Co. for copy of the v. Orange Prince, sent by Webb; No. 42, Prince of Orange, sent by Dickson & Robinson. Wisley Trials.

! Perennial Lobelias. The following awards have been made by the Council of the Royal Horticultural Society to the .A.\rtnd (if Mrrit.—No. 13. Coccinous, sent by B. at Ladhams; No. 19, Shirley Beauly. sent liy B. liad- undermentioned subjects after trial Wisley. I hams. Dahlias. Hii.ilili/ Commended.—No. 5. Attraction, sent by

Airard c,f Merit.—'No. 22, Bianca, sent by C. B. Ladhams; No. 10, Southampton, sent by B. Turner; No. 33, Apricot, sent by J. Cheal; No. Ladhams; No. 20. Mrs. de Dunsen, sent bv R. H. 38, King of the Autumn, sent by R. H. Bath; No. Bath. Why You Should Buy ^^Electric^^ Hose We are the Originators of long length corrugated Rubber Hose and rectified many years ago errors imitators are making to-day. " Electric Hose." Rend the follu-ii

"In iqoG I put a piece of hard holds good when

' Electric' hose in use in ordi[iary hose is used,

my g-arden and it has and, further, kinking is

been in constant service, out of the question. I is still in use, ?nd in per- shall certainly advise mv fect condition. In a nut- committee to invest in shell this covers a piece ' Electric ' hose only for of hose which is 15 years' the various Public Gar- old, has had 15 years' dens ill our boiough, and service, and. so far as I under my control."' can iudg'e, is good ior & & 15 years more." ' I have pleasure in & stating that in 1912 vou ** I have a piece of your supplied me with a con- ' Electric' Iiose in my siderable quantit}" of g^arden which was not ' Electric ' hose. This sufficiently long-, and it hose htis been in con- was necessary to add to stant use since it was its length a piece of received, and has done another make hose. This most excellent service, has been done three and so far as I can see, times, and the old piece it is just as good to-day ot ' Electric ' remains in as when I first com- perfect condition, and is menced to use it." almost as g'ood as when first used." a & & & "In 1913 you supplied me ' with 60 feet of Electric ' 1 am writing to say it gives that the hose procured hose, and me pleasure to inform from you early last much that it has given season was in constant you

. and use throughout the sum every satisfaction, good to-day as mer, and oftentimes for is as supplied it fourteen hours in a single when yon years ago. I day. .\t the end of the seven consider it to be very season I can detect no quality." signs of wear which high-class Immediate Deli^veyy tr'oiri Stoclc- LOOK FOR THE 'Electric' Hose * Electric' Hose 'Electric' Brand Has braided plies. Is made in lengths up Each ply is a Hose in itself to 500 feet without a join REFUSE the many Stands 50 per cent, more pressure than any other and SUBSTITUTES :: Hose. is measured and marked market. WILL NOT KINK every foot. on the Write us for Particulars, Prices and Samples.

iiiiihiiKiimiiiiiMii ELECTRIC HOSE ® RUBBER CO., Ltd. 198/200 Westminster Bridge Road, London, S.E.I HOP 502T and 5028 Telephones : : " Telegrams ELECHOSE, LAMB, LONDON." *- — IRISH GAEDENTNG

is hopeless to expect good results from Show Fixtures, 1922. shoots. It over-crowded old stools, and if the work is taken July 22ncl— 'I'ereuure and Districts Horticultural in hand in time, and a few clumps done occa-

Society, Bushy Park, Terenure. Hon Sec, A. Phipps, sionally, the task is not laborious. During this Tymon Lodge. Tallaght, Co Dublin. month hardy annuals, sown early in April, will require attention, and here the importance of early

thinning is equally urgent. Over-crowding is the The Hardy Flower Border. conunonest cause of disappointment with hardy annuals; while, if they are well thinned out from May brings its quota uf flower.s to the hardy (lower six inches to one fo'ot or fifteen inches apart, border and heralds the approach of summqr. This according to height, they become a feature of the season many plants are distinctly later than usual, garden, astonishing all with their beauty and the but, should warmer weather ensue. Cottage and length of time they remain in flower. Darwin Tulips will soon be showing flower, and In the case of climbing or rambling perennials, Pyrethrunis and Lupins are fast developing their such as the perennial Peas, L((thi/rus gnindifloius, leaves. Many other perennials, in spite o'f the cold L. Drummondii, L. undulatua. L. latifolius, &c., weather of April, are growing apace, and the shoots early staking is important; if the shoots are of Delphiniums, Michaelmas Daisies, perennial allowed td become a tangled mass before this is Sunflowers, Rudbeckias, Heleniums, and all such done the final result is never satisfactory. So, too, later flowering kinds, should be rigorously thinned with other plants that ultimately require stakes out. Established clumps of these and many others, there is any danger including Phloxes, become congested, and only a they should be provided before of or heavy rains breaking or bending the few of the outer sho'ots reach anything like their wind shoots. stakes should be seen as little as pos- full development. The central shoots become over- The used as is co'mpatible with crowded and weakened for want of light; a large sible, and as few of them proportion of them should, therefore, be removed safety. before they get too tall, leaving only as many as Early attention to such details ensures satisfac- can develop normally into healthy, well-flowered tion during the summer and autiunn. B.

Smith's "Perfect' Patent Powder WEED KILLER MARVELLOUS INVENTION

Nothing like it ever seen before.. Solubl

TESTIMONY

Enniscorthy. The Powder Weed Killer

I got from you last month

is the best I ever used.

Glenellen, Miltown

Your Weed Killer is the

only one i ever tried that is any use. Yours never fails.— L, Creaghe Creache Howard. !

BEE-KEEPING MADE PROFITABLE Bverr Bee-Keeper who desires success should read 1 THE IRISH BEE JOURNAL Death to the Weeds (ESTABLISBBD 1901). One gallon of Hoyte's Weed Official Organ of the Irish and Affiliated Beekeepers' Asaociatioas. Killer makes 20 galls, of solu- THE ONLY BEE PAPER IN IRELAND tion for spraying Garden Received with enthusiastic approval and congnitulatlons at Homo and Abroad. Send postcard for Specimen Copy free. Paths, Walks, Drives, etc. "One of the brightest in the VfoT\d"-Qleanings {American). 1 gall. 2/6, 5 galls. 10 galls. "Ono of the liveliest and best Apiarian Journals in all 11/3, 20/- Europe."-4merican Bee-Keeper- Tins charged extra and allowed for in Free. Monthly td, ; 2s. 6d. per Aonum, Post full when returned.

By the Editor "Irwh Bee Sole Alaiers THE PRACTICAL BEE GUIDE. Journal." The best book on the subject yet published. 2n0 pages. 150 illustrations. Paper cover, 3s. postage, 4d. Linen cover. 49. postage, 4d. ; ; Hoyte & Son, Limited iFrom the Office, Irish Beb Journal, Lough Rynn, Dromod, and of all newsagents. 16 LOWER SACKVILLE ST. DUBLIN

^llllllllllllllllllililllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllliillilllllLH ^t>tp.-»-<>- »»»»»»» »»»»»» "Irish Gardening"! AGRICULTURAL I GROUND ROCK SALT •i AN ILLUSTRATED MONTHLY = • = 1 ALSO < = Offices—53 Upper Sackville St., Dublin ^ liUMP ROCK = Subscriptions—6/- psr annum, post free. = " Editorial. All Editorial Communications, copy = S — <> should be addressed to S and photographs S •• = Editor.' "The = Flower & McDonald <> " S Business Communications.—All letters re- = 14 D'OLIER STREET, DUBLIN garding Subscriptions. Advertisements and r= S Also at Mai.ahide, Skerries and Bai.briccan = other business matters must be addressed -= Telegram* I "DONALD, = "The Manager." = DUBLIN." Telephone No. Mt

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