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ZRÍNYI MIKLÓS NEMZETVÉDELMI EGYETEM Dr. Univ. Boda József Rendőr Ezredes a RENDVÉDELMI BÉKEFENNTARTÁS KIALAKULÁSA

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ZRÍNYI MIKLÓS NEMZETVÉDELMI EGYETEM Dr. Univ. Boda József Rendőr Ezredes a RENDVÉDELMI BÉKEFENNTARTÁS KIALAKULÁSA ZRÍNYI MIKLÓS NEMZETVÉDELMI EGYETEM Dr. univ. Boda József rendőr ezredes A RENDVÉDELMI BÉKEFENNTARTÁS KIALAKULÁSA, FEJLŐDÉSE, HELYE ÉS SZEREPE A XXI. SZÁZADBAN Doktori (PhD) értekezés Tudományos vezető: Dr. Padányi József mk. ezredes Budapest 2006 TARTALOMJEGYZÉK BEVEZETŐ ........................................................................................... 6 1. A BÉKEFENNTARTÁS TÖRTÉNETI ÁTTEKINTÉSE .........................................10 1. 1. Nemzetközi tapasztalatok.........................................................................................10 1. 2. A magyar tapasztalatok ...........................................................................................12 2. A RENDVÉDELMI BÉKEFENNTARTÁS KIALAKULÁSA..................................16 2. 1. Az Egyesült Nemzetek Szervezete (ENSZ) szerepe 1989-ig ...................................16 3. A MAGYAR TAPASZTALATOK ÖSSZEGZÉSE, KÖVETKEZTETÉSEK LEVONÁSA........................................................................................................................22 3. 1. A Vietnami Nemzetközi Ellenőrző és Felügyelő Bizottság ....................................22 3. 2. Az ENSZ Namíbiai Átmenetet Segítő Csoportja (UNTAG)...................................22 3. 3. A kambodzsai ENSZ misszió (UNTAC)..................................................................23 3. 4. ENSZ Misszió Mozambikban (ONUMOZ).............................................................25 3. 5. Az angolai ENSZ misszió (1997-ig UNAVEM majd MONUA).............................26 3. 6. ENSZ misszió Nyugat-Szaharában (MINURSO) ..................................................26 3. 7. A Többnemzetiségű Erők és Megfigyelők (MFO) békemissziója Egyiptomban a Sínai-félszigeten...............................................................................................................27 3. 8. A bosznia-hercegovinai ENSZ misszió (UNMIBH-IPTF) ....................................28 3. 9. A Nyugat-Európai Unió békeműveleti missziója Albániában (MAPE) ................29 3. 10. Az ENSZ missziója Grúziában (UNOMIG).........................................................29 3. 11. Magyarország részvétele a nemzetközi polgári válságkezelésben........................29 3. 11. 1. Az eddigi eredmények ..................................................................................30 3. 11. 2. A jelenlegi helyzet.........................................................................................31 3. 11. 3. Magyarország — mint EU tagállam — feladatai ezen a területen ..........32 3. 12. A magyar rendvédelmi békeműveletek eredményeinek összegzése......................33 4. A RENDVÉDELMI BÉKEFENNTARTÁS JELENLEGI HELYZETÉNEK ÉRTÉKELÉSE (A MAI MODERN RENDŐRI BÉKEFENNTARTÁS) .....................34 4. 1. ENSZ missziók.........................................................................................................36 4. 1. 1. Az ENSZ ciprusi békefenntartó tevékenysége (UNFICYP) .......................36 4. 1. 2. Az ENSZ politikai és békeépítő missziója Biszau-Guineában (UNOGBIS) ......................................................................................................................................36 4. 1. 3. Az ENSZ válságkezelő tevékenysége Koszovóban (UNMIK).....................36 4. 1. 4. ENSZ misszió a Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaságban (MONUC) ........37 4. 1. 5. Az ENSZ Kelet-Timori missziója (UNMISET) ...........................................37 1 4. 1. 6. Az ENSZ politikai és békeépítő missziója a Közép-Afrikai Köztársaságban (BONUCA) ..................................................................................................................37 4. 1. 7. Az ENSZ afganisztáni támogató missziója (UNAMA)................................37 4. 1. 8. ENSZ misszió Sierra Leonéban (UNAMSIL) ..............................................38 4. 1. 9. Az ENSZ tádzsikisztáni politikai és békeépítő missziója (UNTOP) ..........38 4. 1. 10. A libériai ENSZ misszió (UNOL)................................................................38 4. 1. 11. ENSZ misszió Elefántcsontparton (UNOCI) .............................................39 4. 1. 12. ENSZ művelet Burundiban (ONUB)..........................................................39 4. 1. 13. ENSZ misszió Haitin (MINUSTAH)...........................................................39 4. 1. 14. Az ENSZ előkészítő missziója Szudánban (UNAMIS)..............................40 4. 1. 15. Az ENSZ Hágai Nemzetközi Törvényszéke (ICTY)..................................40 4. 2. EBESZ missziók ......................................................................................................41 4. 2. 1. EBESZ misszió Koszovóban..........................................................................41 4. 2. 2. EBESZ missziók Szerbiában és Montenegróban ........................................41 4. 2. 3. Az EBESZ rendvédelmi tevékenysége Macedóniában................................42 4. 2. 4. EBESZ misszió Grúziában ............................................................................42 4. 2. 5. EBESZ misszió Horvátországban.................................................................42 4. 2. 6. EBESZ Központ Biskekben, Kirgizisztánban .............................................42 4. 3. Európai Uniós missziók...........................................................................................43 4. 3. 1. Európai Uniós Rendőri Misszió Bosznia-Hercegovinában (EUPM) .........43 4. 3. 2. Az Európai Unió Rendőri fellépése Macedóniában (EUPOL PROXIMA és EUPAT) .......................................................................................................................43 4. 3. 3. Az EU által támogatott Integrált Rendőri Egység tevékenység, a Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaságban .................................................................................43 4. 3. 4. Az EU jogállamiságot erősítő missziója Grúziában, Eujust Themis .........44 4. 3. 5. Az EU egységes jogállamiságot erősítő missziója Irakban (Eujust Lex)...44 4. 3. 6. EU Misszió a Palesztin Területeken (EUPOL-COPPS)..............................44 4. 3. 7. EU Határmegfigyelő Misszió a Palesztin Területek Rafa-i átkelőhelyén (EU BAM Rafah) ........................................................................................................45 4. 3. 8. EU Rendőri Misszió Kinshasában (Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaság) EUPOL Kinshasa .......................................................................................................45 4. 3. 9. Az EU biztonsági szektor reformját segítő missziója a Kongói Demokratikus Köztársaságban, EUSEC –R.D. CONGO.......................................45 4. 3. 10. Az EU Afrikai Uniót támogató missziója a Nyugat-szaharai Darfurban, AMIS II Darfur...........................................................................................................45 4. 3. 11. EU Határmegfigyelő misszió az ukrán-moldáviai határtérségben, EU BAM.............................................................................................................................46 4. 3. 12. Az EU Katonai művelete Bosznia-Hercegovinában EUFOR-ALTHEA.46 4. 3. 13. EU megfigyelő misszió Aceh, Indonéziában, AMM ..................................46 4. 4. NATO rendfenntartó és rendvédelmi missziók.......................................................47 4. 4. 1. A NATO koszovói rendfenntartó missziója, Koszovói Erő, KFOR..........47 4. 4. 2. A NATO rendvédelmi missziója Macedóniában ........................................47 4. 4. 3. A NATO rendfenntartó és újjáépítő missziója Afganisztánban ................47 4. 4. 4. A NATO kiképző missziója Irakban ............................................................48 5. A RENDVÉDELMI BÉKEFENNTARTÁSSAL FOGLALKOZÓ NEMZETKÖZI SZERVEZETEK ÖSSZEHASONLÍTÁSA, TEVÉKENYSÉGÜK ELEMZÉSE........49 5. 1. Az Egyesült Nemzetek Szervezete............................................................................49 2 5. 1. 1. Célok és Alapelvek..........................................................................................50 5. 1. 2. A Közgyűlés (General Assembly)..................................................................50 5. 1. 3. A Biztonsági Tanács (Security Council).......................................................51 5. 1. 4. A Titkárság (The Secretariat) .......................................................................53 5. 1. 5. Főtitkár............................................................................................................54 5. 1. 6. Főtitkár-helyettes (békeműveletek) ..............................................................54 5. 1. 7. A békeműveletekkel foglalkozó főosztályok és osztályok ...........................54 5. 1. 7. 1 Politikai Ügyek Főosztálya (Department of Political Affairs)..................54 5. 1. 7. 2. Békefenntartó Műveletek Főosztálya (Department of Peacekeeping Operations)...............................................................................................................55 5. 1. 8. Az ENSZ rendőrsége (Civilian Police-CIVPOL).........................................55 5. 1. 8. 1. Az ENSZ rendőrség szerepe......................................................................56 5. 1. 8. 2. Az ENSZ rendőrség felhatalmazása és létszáma......................................56 5. 1. 8. 3. Az ENSZ rendőrség alkalmazása (bevetése) ...........................................57 5. 1. 8. 4. Az ENSZ rendőrség feladatai ..................................................................58 5. 1. 8. 5. Az ENSZ rendőri tevékenysége................................................................59
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