DOCSLIB.ORG

Religious Liberty

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Religious Liberty S. HRG. 106-689 RELIGIOUS LIBERTY HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED SIXTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION ON ISSUES RELATING TO RELIGIOUS LIBERTY PROTECTION, AND FOCUS­ ING ON THE CONSTITUTIONALITY OF A RELIGIOUS PROTECTION MEASURE JUNE 23, AND SEPTEMBER 9, 1999 Serial No. J-106-35 Printed for the use of the Committee on the Judiciary U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 67-066 CC WASHINGTON : 2000 COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY ORRIN G. HATCH, Utah, Chairman STROM THURMOND, South Carolina PATRICK J. LEAHY, Vermont CHARLES E. GRASSLEY, Iowa EDWARD M. KENNEDY, Massachusetts ARLEN SPECTER, Pennsylvania JOSEPH R. BIDEN, JR., Delaware JON KYL, Arizona HERBERT KOHL, Wisconsin MIKE DEWINE, Ohio DIANNE FEINSTEIN, California JOHN ASHCROFT, Missouri RUSSELL D. FEINGOLD, Wisconsin SPENCER ABRAHAM, Michigan ROBERT G. TORRICELLI, New Jersey JEFF SESSIONS, Alabama CHARLES E. SCHUMER, New York BOB SMITH, New Hampshire MANUS COONEY, Chief Counsel and Staff Director BRUCE A. COHEN, Minority Chief Counsel (II) CONTENTS STATEMENTS OF COMMITTEE MEMBERS Page Hatch, Hon. Orrin G., U.S. Senator from the State of Utah 1, 65 Thurmond, Hon. Strom, U.S. Senator from the State of South Carolina 19 Kennedy, Hon. Edward M., U.S. Senator from the State of Massachusetts 20, 70 Leahy, Hon. Patrick J., U.S. Senator from the State of Vermont 27, 67 Feingold, Hon. Russell D., U.S. Senator from the State of Wisconsin 27, 70 CHRONOLOGICAL LIST OF WITNESSES JUNE 23, 1999 Panel consisting of Steven T. McFarland, Center For Law and Religious Freedom, Christian Legal Society, Annandale, VA; Nathan J. Diament, director, Institute For Public Affairs, Union of Orthodox Jewish Congrega­ tions of America, Washington, DC; Manuel A. Miranda, president, Cardinal Newman Society For Catholic Higher Education, Washington, DC; Elliot M. Mincberg, vice president and legal director, People For The American Way, Washington, DC; Michael P. Farris, president, Home School Legal Defense Association, Purcellville, VA; Christopher E. Anders, legislative counsel, American Civil Liberties Union, Washington, DC; and Scott Hochburg, Texas State Representative, Houston, TX 4 SEPTEMBER 9, 1999 Panel consisting of Douglas Laycock, Alice McKean Young Regents Chair In Law, University of Texas School of Law, Austin, TX; Chai R. Feldblum, Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center, Washington, DC; Jay S. Bybee, Professor of Law, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV; and Gene C. Schaerr, co-chair, Religious Institutions Practice Group, Sidley and Austin, Washington, DC 72 ALPHABETICAL LIST AND MATERIALS SUBMITTED Anders, Christopher E.: Testimony 41 Prepared statement 43 Bybee, Jay S.: Testimony 112 Prepared statement 114 Diament, Nathan J.: Testimony 21 Prepared statement 24 Farris, Michael P.: Testimony 36 Prepared statement 38 Feldblum, Chai R.: Testimony 102 Prepared statement 104 Hochburg, Hon. Scott: Testimony 51 Prepared statement 52 Laycock, Douglas: Testimony 72 Prepared statement 74 (III) IV Page McFarland, Steven T.: Testimony 4 Prepared statement 7 Mincberg, Elliot M.: Testimony 33 Prepared statement 35 Miranda, Manuel A.: Testimony 28 Prepared statement 31 Schaerr, Gene C: Testimony 121 Prepared statement 123 APPENDIX QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS SEPTEMBER 9, 1999 Responses of Douglas Laycock to Questions From Senators: Hatch 143 Leahy 146 Kennedy 153 Feingold 156 Responses of Chai R. Feldblum to Questions From Senators: Hatch 159 Leahy 161 Kennedy 162 Feingold 164 Responses of Jay S. Bybee to Questions From Senator Hatch 164 Responses of Gene C. Schaerr to Questions From Senators: Hatch 167 Feingold 171 ADDITIONAL SUBMISSIONS FOR THE RECORD JUNE 23, 1999 Prepared statement of: Hon. Irene B. French, Mayor of Merriam, Kansas 173 Glenn S. Goord, Commissioner of the New York State Department of Correctional Services 174 Larry E. Naake on Behalf of the National Association of Counties 180 Oliver S. Thomas on Behalf of the National Council of Churches of Christ in the USA 181 Letter to Hon. Henry J. Hyde, from Joel J. Alpert, MD, FAAP, president, American Academy of Pediatrics, Washington, DC, dated June 22, 1999 183 Letter to Hon. Orrin G. Hatch, from Janis Guerney, assistant director, Amer­ ican Academy of Pediatrics, Washington, DC, dated June 25, 1999 183 SEPTEMBER 9, 1999 Prepared statement of: Robert J. Bruno, Attorney at Law, Burnsville, Minnesota 184 Marci A. Hamilton, Distinguished Visiting Professor of Law, Emory Uni­ versity School of Law, Atlanta, GA 188 Barbara Bennett Woodhouse on Behalf of the Center for Children's Policy Practice and Research 192 Ms. Ellen Johnson on Behalf of the American Atheists, Inc 197 Letter to: Senators Hatch and Leahy, from various Civil Rights Organizations, dated Sept. 9, 1999 199 Senator Leahy, from National Child Abuse Coalition, Washington, DC, dated Sept. 8, 1999 201 Senators Hatch and Leahy, from Elizabeth Bobo, House of Delegates, Annap­ olis, MD, dated Sept. 9, 1999 202 RELIGIOUS LIBERTY WEDNESDAY, JUNE 23, 1999 U.S. SENATE, COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY, Washington, DC. The committee met, pursuant to notice, at 11:03 a.m., in room SD-226, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Hon. Orrin G. Hatch (chairman of the committee) presiding. Also present: Senators Thurmond, Grassley, Specter, Leahy, Kennedy, and Feingold. OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. ORRIN G. HATCH, A U.S. SENATOR FROM THE STATE OF UTAH The CHAIRMAN. We are happy to welcome you all out to our reli­ gious liberty hearing today. Good morning, we welcome all of you here, good to see you. We are pleased to have seven impressive wit­ nesses, whom I shall introduce in short order. As we begin this hearing, it is worth pondering just why America is, worldwide, the most successful multi-faith country in all re- corded history. The answer is to be found, I submit, in both compo­ nents of the phrase "religious liberty." Surely, it is because of our country's and our Constitution's zeal­ ous protection of liberty that so many religions have flourished and that so many faiths have worshipped on our soil. But liberty with- out the type of virtue instilled by religion is a ship with all sail and no rudder. Our country has achieved its greatness because, with its respect­ ful distance from our private lives, our Government has allowed all of its citizens to answer for themselves, and without interference, those questions that are most fundamental to humankind. And it is in the way that religion informs our answers to these questions that we not only survive, but thrive as human beings; that we not only endure those difficulties that at some point invariably affect each of our lives, but are able to achieve a sense of character, to gain a recognition of the good, and to enrich our lives by con­ templating that which is divine. Today's witnesses are, I believe, all familiar with the bill that I sponsored last year which has been largely duplicated by a bill being considered today by the House Judiciary Committee. While some of our discussion today may overlap into the specifics of a particular legislative approach, I want to emphasize that the focus of this hearing will be on the larger issues involved, on those rea­ sons that underscore the need for Federal action to protect the ex­ (1) 2 ercise of religious liberty, more than it will be about any singular bill that has been drafted to accomplish that objective. That said, let me emphatically state my view that some legisla­ tive effort is needed, in tandem with the jurisprudential protections recognized by the Supreme Court, to uphold the right of religious freedom guaranteed by the Free Exercise Clause of the Constitu­ tion. While I believe it would be preferable for the Court to return to its previous solicitude for religious liberty claims, until it does, this Congress must do what it can to protect religious freedom, in cooperation with the Court. And while it seems odd that we would need legislation to protect the first freedom guaranteed by the Bill of Rights, when faced with this second-best situation we must do our best to ensure that in our communities Bible study will not be zoned out of believers' own homes, to ensure that Americans' places of worship will not be zoned out of their neighborhoods, and ultimately to ensure that the Founders' free exercise guarantee will demand that government have a good reason before it prohibits a religious practice. The legislative framework I advocated last year, and which will be the basis for the efforts this Congress, will, among other things, establish the rule of strict scrutiny review for rules that burden re­ ligious practice in interstate commerce or in federally-funded pro- grams. Such protection is necessary not because there are system­ atic programs against certain sects now as there had been earlier in our history. Hostility to religious freedom encroaches subtly, ex- tending its domain through the reaches of blind bureaucracies of the regulatory state. Rule-bound, and often hypersensitive to the charge of assisting religion, government agencies all around us cling to the creed that, "rules are rules," and pay no heed to the damage that might be in­ flicted on the individual in the process. Such an extension of arbi­ trary rules into every corner of our lives cannot coexist with the in- finite variety of religious experiences we enjoy and cultivate in our land of America. This morning, we are going to hear from a small cross-section of the exceptionally broad range of religious and civil liberties groups that see a need for Federal legislation protecting religious liberty. So I, in particular, look forward to this discussion. The freedom to practice one's religion is the most fundamental of rights, and the discussion we are having about protecting that right is one we need to have here in Congress and across the Nation.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • RIGHTS at RISK
    RIGHTS at RISK Time for Action Observatory on the Universality of Rights Trends Report 2021 RIGHTS AT RISK: TIME FOR ACTION Observatory on the Universality of Rights Trends Report 2021 Chapter 4: Anti-Rights Actors 4 www.oursplatform.org 72 RIGHTS AT RISK: TIME FOR ACTION Observatory on the Universality of Rights Trends Report 2021 Chapter 4: Anti-Rights Actors Chapter 4: CitizenGo Anti-Rights Actors – Naureen Shameem AWID Mission and History ounded in August 2013 and headquartered Fin Spain,221 CitizenGo is an anti-rights platform active in multiple regions worldwide. It describes itself as a “community of active citizens who work together, using online petitions and action alerts as a resource, to defend and promote life, family and liberty.”222 It also claims that it works to ensure respect for “human dignity and individuals’ rights.”223 United Families Ordo Iuris, International Poland Center for World St. Basil the Istoki Great Family and Endowment Congress of Charitable Fund, Russia Foundation, Human Rights Families Russia (C-Fam) The International Youth Alliance Coalition Russian Defending Orthodox Freedom Church Anti-Rights (ADF) Human Life Actors Across International Heritage Foundation, USA FamilyPolicy, Russia the Globe Group of Friends of the and their vast web Family of connections Organization Family Watch of Islamic International Cooperation Anti-rights actors engage in tactical (OIC) alliance building across lines of nationality, religion, and issue, creating a transnational network of state and non-state actors undermining rights related to gender and sexuality. This El Yunque, Mexico visual represents only a small portion Vox party, The Vatican World Youth Spain of the global anti-rights lobby.
    [Show full text]
  • There Are Two Fundamental Reasons That Our Federal Government Has Far Exceeded Its Legitimate Authority Granted by the Terms of the Constitution
    TESTIMONY OF MICHAEL FARRIS, JD, LLM HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES COMMONWEALTH OF PENNSYLVANIA There are two fundamental reasons that our federal government has far exceeded its legitimate authority granted by the terms of the Constitution. First, it is the nature of man to want to expand his own power. Second, the several states have never employed their constitutional authority to limit the size of the federal government. We should not be surprised that the federal government has continually expanded its power. When there are no checks on its power, not even the need to spend only the money that it has on hand, abuse of power is inevitable. George Mason was the delegate at the Constitutional Convention who best understood this propensity of government-all government-and he insisted that we create an effective check on this abuse of power. He said that when the national government goes beyond its power, as it surely will, we will need to place structural limitations on that exercise of power to stop the abuse. But, no such limitations would ever be proposed by Congress. History has proven him correct on both counts. But Mason's arguments led to the final version of Article V which gave the states the ultimate constitutional power-the power to unilaterally amend the Constitution of the United States, without the consent of Congress. The very purpose of the ability of the states to propose amendments to the Constitution was so that there would be a source of power to stop the abuse of power by the federal government. 1 It should seem self-evident that the federal abuse of power is pandemic.
    [Show full text]
  • Join These Christian Leaders Calling for a Convention of States
    Join these Christian leaders calling for a Convention of States Dr. James Dobson, Family Talk The Convention of States Project “The genius of our Founding Fathers is on full display in the advocates using Arcle V of the Convenon of the States Arcle V process, which empowers We U.S. Constuon to: the eople at a local level to connue preserving and protecng the fundamental rights of every individual and keeping America"s • Limit the po er and limited government In check. Let us raise our collecve voices and challenge the jurisdicon of the federal entrenched powers in Washington by 'nally, and for the 'rst me, calling for a government Convenon of the States.( • Impose "scal restraints on the federal government Michael Farris, Alliance Defending Freedom • Limit the terms of o#ce for “Only a Convenon of States will give us e*ecve soluons to federal o#cials and members the abuse of power in Washington, D.C. It is our moral obliga, on to protect liberty for ourselves and our posterity.( of Congress Mike ,uckabee, former governor of Arkansas “My longme friend, Michael Farris0who is an e-cellent constu, onal ligator and professor0has .oined with Mark Meckler and Citi1ens for Self,2overnance to actually bring 3a Convention of States4 “The ultimate into reality. I have reviewed their plan and it is both innovave and realistic. I urge you to .oin me in supporting the Convention of States ro.ect.( test of a moral society is the Dr. Tom Coburn, former U.S. Sen. from Oklahoma kind of world “There is not enough polical will in Washington to '- the real problems facing the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Virginias 1993 Elections: the 12-%Ear Itch Returns Part 1
    Virginias 1993 Elections: The 12-%ear Itch Returns Part 1. General Election for Governor .......................... by Larry J. Sabato •••••••••••••••••••••••••• Mr. Sabato is Robert Kent Gooch Professsor of disaffection with the same Charles Robb and Government and Foreign Affairs at the Univer­ his fellow unpopular Democrats, Governor Dou­ sity ofVirginia. This article is excerptedfrom the glas Wilder and President Bill Clinton. That forthcomingVirginia Votes 1991-1994; most of fact, combined with Mary Sue Terry's own un­ the tables andfigures have been omitted. Part 2, The statistics appealing persona and inept campaign (and a in the February 1994 issue, willdiscuss the 1993 clever and resourceful Allen effort) doomed her tell the tale: Virginia GeneralAssembly elections. to a historic defeat. 1993 was the best Republican MCh as the Republicans learned nation­ gubernatorial year NMINATIONS PROCESS ally in 1992, Virginia Democrats discovered to The Democratic convention on May 8-9 was their sorro in 1993 that voters often believe of the 20th century, carefully orchestrated and exquisitely dull. Former 12 years in power is enough for a political party. while Terry attorney general Mary Sue Terry ofPatrick County In what was arguably the best election year for received the was crowned the gubernatorial nominee, and Lieu­ the state GOP in this century, Republican can­ tenant Governor Donald S. Beyer, Jr. ofAlexandria lowest percentage didates swept the governorship and the attorney was renominated for the second slot. Former VIr­ general's post in landslides, and they came very of the vote ginia State Bar president William D. Dolan III of close to gaining control of the House of Del­ of any Democratic Arlington County won the berth for attorney gen­ egates.
    [Show full text]
  • Case 3:09-Cv-00104-WAP-MPM Document 28 Filed 02/19/2010 Page 1 of 39
    Case 3:09-cv-00104-WAP-MPM Document 28 Filed 02/19/2010 Page 1 of 39 In the United States District Court For the Northern District of Mississippi John Tyler Clemons, et al. ) ) Plaintiffs, ) -v- ) Case No. ) 3:09-CV-00104-WAP-SAA ) United States Department of ) Commerce; et al., ) ) Defendants. ) MEMORANDUM IN SUPPORT OF PLAINTIFFS’ MOTION FOR SUMMARY JUDGMENT INTRODUCTION This case presents the following central issue: Does the language of Art. I, Sec. 2 and Amend. 14, § 2 which requires that “Representatives shall be apportioned among the states according to their respective numbers” require that Congress adhere to the principle of one-person, one-vote when apportioning the House? Nine voters from the five most under-represented states in the nation have filed this historic constitutional challenge to the statute (2 U.S.C. § 2a) which freezes the size of the United States House of Representatives at 435 seats. By freezing the size of the House, Congress necessarily creates extreme interstate malapportionment. Voters in Montana are “worth” only 54.6% of voters in Wyoming. The malapportionment that results from this statute is 9100% greater than the congressional reapportionment that was declared unconstitutional in Karcher v. Daggett, 462 U.S. 725 (1983). Other than the extreme nature of the malapportionment, the only thing that distinguishes this case from Karcher (and many other similar decisions) is that Congress, 1 Case 3:09-cv-00104-WAP-MPM Document 28 Filed 02/19/2010 Page 2 of 39 rather than a state legislature, is responsible for the unequal treatment of voters.
    [Show full text]
  • Return of Organization Exempt from Income Tax "'
    efile GRAPHIC rint - DO NOT PROCESS As Filed Data - DLN:93493131006060 Return of Organization Exempt From Income Tax 0MB No 1545-0047 Form990 Under section 501(c), 527, or 4947(a)(1) of the Internal Revenue Code (except private foundations) ~ 2018 II> Do not enter social security numbers on this form as 1t may be made public Dc'JKtI1mc'nt oftht:" Open to Public II> Go to www.irs.gov/Form990 for instructions and the latest information. Trt'a ... un Inspection lntc:m~li Re\ emit:" 'ien 1cc: A For th e 2019 ca en d ar vear, or t ax vear b eqmnmq 07 --01 2018 , an d en d'mq 06 --30 2019 C Name of organization B Check 1f applicable D Employer 1dent1f1cat1on number Alliance Defending Freedom D Address change 54-1660459 D Name change D In1t1al return Doing business as D Final return/terminated E Telephone number D Amended return Number and street (or P 0 box 1f mall 1s not delivered to street address) IRoom/suite 15100 North 90th Street D Appl1cat1on pending (480) 444-0020 City or town, state or province, country, and ZIP or foreign postal code Scottsdale, AZ 85260 G Gross receipts $ 76,822,141 F Name and address of principal officer H(a) Is this a group return for Michael P Farris 15100 North 90th Street subord1nates7 DYes ~No Scottsdale, AZ 85260 H(b) Are all subordinates 1ncluded7 DYes DNo I Tax-exempt status ~ 501(c)(3) D 501(c) ( ) ~ (insert no ) D 4947(a)(1) or D 527 If "No," attach a 11st (see 1nstruct1ons) J Website: II> www all1ancedefend1ngfreedom erg H(c) Group exemption number II> L Year of formation 1993 VA K Form of organization ~ Corporation D Trust D Assoc1at1on D Other II> I M State of legal dom1c1le .
    [Show full text]
  • Constitutional Literacy Workbook to the 25-Part DVD Series
    Constitutional literacy Workbook to the 25-Part DVD Series Michael Farris Constitutional Literacy Published by Apologia Educational Ministries, Inc. 1106 Meridian Plaza, Suite 220/340 Anderson, Indiana 46016 www.apologia.com © 2014 by Michael Farris ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Manufactured in the USA First Printing 2014 ISBN: 978-1-940110-29-5 Printed by Bang Printing, Brainerd, MN Design and Layout by Doug Powell Unless otherwise indicated, Scripture quotations are from The Holy Bible, New International Version®, NIV® © 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc. Used by permission. All rights reserved worldwide. Other Scripture quotations are from The Holy Bible, King James Version. Contents Introduction: Freedom At Risk ........................................................................ 7 How to Use This Workbook .......................................................................... 11 Episode 1: Introduction to the Constitution ................................................. 13 Episode 2: Article I, Section 1 ....................................................................... 26 Episode 3: Judicial Review and Original Intent ............................................. 38 Episode 4: The Powers of Congress ................................................................ 50 Episode 5: The Commerce and General Welfare Clauses ............................... 62 Episode 6: The Powers of the President .......................................................... 77 Episode 7: Does the Bill of Rights Apply to the States? .................................
    [Show full text]
  • Congressional Record United States Th of America PROCEEDINGS and DEBATES of the 117 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION
    E PL UR UM IB N U U S Congressional Record United States th of America PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 117 CONGRESS, FIRST SESSION Vol. 167 WASHINGTON, TUESDAY, JULY 13, 2021 No. 122 House of Representatives The House met at 9 a.m. and was know that Your gracious plan is more the House to the Board of Visitors to called to order by the Speaker pro tem- precious than anything we value or de- the United States Military Academy: pore (Mr. TRONE). vise without Your blessing. Mr. SEAN PATRICK MALONEY, New f In the hope of Your name we pray. York DESIGNATION OF THE SPEAKER Amen. Mrs. MURPHY, Florida PRO TEMPORE f Mr. WOMACK, Arkansas Mr. DAVIDSON, Ohio The SPEAKER pro tempore laid be- THE JOURNAL fore the House the following commu- f nication from the Speaker: The SPEAKER pro tempore. Pursu- ant to section 11(a) of House Resolu- APPOINTMENT OF MEMBERS TO WASHINGTON, DC, tion 188, the Journal of the last day’s BOARD OF VISITORS TO THE July 13, 2021. proceedings is approved. UNITED STATES AIR FORCE I hereby appoint the Honorable DAVID J. f ACADEMY TRONE to act as Speaker pro tempore on this day. The SPEAKER pro tempore. The PLEDGE OF ALLEGIANCE Chair announces the Speaker’s ap- NANCY PELOSI, The SPEAKER pro tempore. Will the Speaker of the House of Representatives. pointment, pursuant to 10 U.S.C. gentleman from Maryland (Mr. HARRIS) 9455(a), and the order of the House of f come forward and lead the House in the January 4, 2021, of the following Mem- PRAYER Pledge of Allegiance.
    [Show full text]
  • The Extremism of Anti-Lgbtq Powerhouse Alliance Defending Freedom
    THE EXTREMISM OF ANTI-LGBTQ POWERHOUSE ALLIANCE DEFENDING FREEDOM Media Matters LGBTQ Program 1 ABOUT “The extremism of anti-LGBTQ powerhouse Alliance Defending Freedom” is an interactive research book outlining the anti-LGBTQ positions of the influential legal powerhouse Alliance Defending Freedom (ADF). These positions were identified through extensive review of public statements by ADF and its representatives, reports on the group’s legal and political activities, and publicly available materials created by the group. Information regarding significant portions of ADF’s legal and political advocacy work is not publicly available; the group may hold additional positions or engage in additional activity that it refrains from commenting on publicly. 2 INTRODUCTION Alliance Defending Freedom (ADF) is one of the largest and most powerful anti-LGBTQ groups in the nation. The legal powerhouse raked in more than $50 million in revenue in 2016 and has what it refers to as a “powerful global network” of over 3,200 “allied attorneys.” ADF is leading the fight against transgender student equality by attempting to sway, often successfully, local school policy across the country that affects basic protec- tions for trans students, including their access to restroom facilities that align with their gender identity. The group actively works against efforts across the country to protect LGBTQ youth from the harmful and discredited practice of conversion therapy. It is also working to prevent LGBTQ people from adopting children by advocating for measures that would allow child welfare agencies to discriminate against prospective LGBTQ parents, among others. It has even targeted protections for transgender prisoners, who are at the highest risk for incidents of sexual violence in prisons and jails.
    [Show full text]
  • Union Calendar No. 486 105Th Congress, 2D Session – – – – – – – – – – – – House Report 105–845
    1 Union Calendar No. 486 105th Congress, 2d Session ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± House Report 105±845 REPORT ON THE ACTIVITIES OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES DURING THE ONE HUNDRED FIFTH CONGRESS PURSUANT TO CLAUSE 1(d) RULE XI OF THE RULES OF THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES JANUARY 2, 1999.ÐCommitted to the Committee of the Whole House on the State of the Union and ordered to be printed U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 52±984 WASHINGTON : 1999 COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED FIFTH CONGRESS HENRY J. HYDE, Illinois, Chairman 1 F. JAMES SENSENBRENNER, JR., JOHN CONYERS, JR., Michigan Wisconsin BARNEY FRANK, Massachusetts BILL McCOLLUM, Florida CHARLES E. SCHUMER, New York GEORGE W. GEKAS, Pennsylvania HOWARD L. BERMAN, California HOWARD COBLE, North Carolina RICK BOUCHER, Virginia LAMAR S. SMITH, Texas JERROLD NADLER, New York STEVEN SCHIFF, New Mexico 5 ROBERT C. SCOTT, Virginia ELTON GALLEGLY, California MELVIN L. WATT, North Carolina CHARLES T. CANADY, Florida ZOE LOFGREN, California BOB INGLIS, South Carolina SHEILA JACKSON LEE, Texas BOB GOODLATTE, Virginia MAXINE WATERS, California STEPHEN E. BUYER, Indiana MARTIN T. MEEHAN, Massachusetts SONNY BONO, California 2 WILLIAM D. DELAHUNT, Massachusetts ED BRYANT, Tennessee ROBERT WEXLER, Florida STEVE CHABOT, Ohio STEVEN R. ROTHMAN, New Jersey BOB BARR, Georgia THOMAS M. BARRETT, Wisconsin 7 WILLIAM L. JENKINS, Tennessee ASA HUTCHINSON, Arkansas EDWARD A. PEASE, Indiana CHRISTOPHER B. CANNON, Utah JAMES E. ROGAN, California 3 LINDSEY O. GRAHAM, South Carolina 4 MARY BONO, California 6 THOMAS E. MOONEY, SR., Chief of Staff-General Counsel JON W. DUDAS, Deputy General Counsel-Staff Director JULIAN EPSTEIN, Minority Chief Counsel and Staff Director PERRY APELBAUM, Minority General Counsel ÐÐÐÐÐ 1 Henry J.
    [Show full text]
  • 04 CFP Sabato Ch4.Indd
    Sabato Highlights✰✰✰ 4 ✰The 2001 Statewide Nominations✰✰ ✰Gubernatorial Twist: Democratic Unity, Republican Division Overall ☑ The political parties traded places in 2001. The GOP, generally united for the past eight years, hosted a divisive convention contest for its gubernatorial nom- ination between Attorney General Mark Earley, the eventual nominee, and Lieutenant Governor John Hager. Meanwhile, the Democrats, who had suf- fered from many crippling internecine battles during the 1990’s, joined hands to nominate their wealthy former party chair, Mark Warner, in an unopposed primary. The Republican Convention ☑ Mark Earley won about 49 percent of the elected convention delegates to 39 percent for John Hager, with 12 percent undecided or unpledged. At the actual convention, though, proportionately more Earley delegates attended, and he won at least 62 percent of the never- announced vote tally. Hager conceded and worked for Earley, but many of his fi nancial supporters did not. ☑ Delegate Jay Katzen won the nomination for lieutenant governor unopposed. Also unopposed for the attorney general slot on the ticket was former Secretary of Public Safety Jerry Kilgore. The Democratic Primary ☑ A dismal turnout of 4.1 percent of the registered voters chose the running- mates for Mark Warner in a statewide primary election on June 12, 2001. ☑ Richmond Mayor Tim Kaine won the lieutenant governor nomination with a bit less than 40 percent of the vote, defeating two delegates from Hampton Roads, Alan Diamonstein and Jerrauld Jones. ☑ Delegate Donald McEachin of the Richmond area squeaked to victory with just 33.7 percent of the votes—the smallest winning percentage for any statewide candidate in either party since the primary was founded in 1905.
    [Show full text]
  • International Treaties 2019‐2020 Topic Proposal
    International Treaties 2019‐2020 Topic Proposal Proposed to The National Federation Debate Topic Selection Committee July 2018 1 Proposed by: Dustin L. Rimmey Topeka High School Topeka, KS 2 Table of Contents Table of Contents Table of Contents ........................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Acknowledgements ...................................................................................................................................................................... 4 Introduction .................................................................................................................................................................................... 5 Section 1: Potential Mechanisms ............................................................................................................................................. 6 A. “Ratify or Accede to” .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 7 B. “Implement” ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 C. “Modify its commitment to” .....................................................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]