S12508 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 14, 2003 (C) 1 member shall be appointed by the labor organization, or joint labor-manage- Mr. STEVENS. This is a very serious Chairman of the Committee on Health, Edu- ment committee for a violation of this title; amendment. cation, Labor, and Pensions of the Senate; or Parliamentary inquiry. There are 2 (D) 1 member shall be appointed by the (B) establish a violation under this title for minutes on each side on the Bingaman ranking minority member of the Committee an employer, employment agency, labor or- on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions of ganization, or joint labor-management com- amendment? the Senate; mittee of a provision of the amendments The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- (E) 1 member shall be appointed by the made by title I; ator is correct. Speaker of the House of Representatives; (3) limit the rights or protections of an in- Mr. STEVENS. Does the Senator (F) 1 member shall be appointed by the Mi- dividual under any other Federal or State wish to speak first? nority Leader of the House of Representa- statute that provides equal or greater pro- Mr. BINGAMAN. I will defer to the tives; tection to an individual than the rights or Senator from Alaska. (G) 1 member shall be appointed by the protections provided for under this title; Mr. STEVENS. I will yield our time Chairman of the Committee on Education (4) apply to the Armed Forces Repository to Senator WARNER, chairman of the and the Workforce of the House of Rep- of Specimen Samples for the Identification resentatives; and of Remains; Armed Services Committee. (H) 1 member shall be appointed by the (5) limit or expand the protections, rights, Mr. WARNER. Go right ahead. ranking minority member of the Committee or obligations of employees or employers Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, in on Education and the Workforce of the under applicable workers’ compensation previous military campaigns such as House of Representatives. laws; the first gulf war and Kosovo, and (2) COMPENSATION AND EXPENSES.—The (6) limit the authority of a Federal depart- many before that, the Pentagon has members of the Commission shall not re- ment or agency to conduct or sponsor occu- issued campaign medals to service men ceive compensation for the performance of pational or other health research that is con- and women who served in those con- services for the Commission, but shall be al- ducted in compliance with the regulations flicts. We need to do the very same in lowed travel expenses, including per diem in contained in part 46 of title 45, Code of Fed- lieu of subsistence, at rates authorized for eral Regulations (or any corresponding or the case of our service men and women employees of agencies under subchapter I of similar regulation or rule); and who are serving in Iraq. chapter 57 of title 5, United States Code, (7) limit the statutory or regulatory au- The amendment I am proposing says while away from their homes or regular thority of the Occupational Safety and the Secretaries of the respective serv- places of business in the performance of serv- Health Administration or the Mine Safety ices may issue an appropriate medal or ices for the Commission. and Health Administration to promulgate or campaign designation to any person (d) ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS.— enforce workplace safety and health laws who serves in any capacity in the (1) LOCATION.—The Commission shall be lo- and regulations. armed services in connection with Op- cated in a facility maintained by the Equal SEC. 210. MEDICAL INFORMATION THAT IS NOT Employment Opportunity Commission. GENETIC INFORMATION. eration Iraqi Freedom. In my view, this (2) DETAIL OF GOVERNMENT EMPLOYEES.— An employer, employment agency, labor is much preferable to the Pentagon’s Any Federal Government employee may be organization, or joint labor-management current policy, which is that everyone detailed to the Commission without reim- committee shall not be considered to be in should get a Global War on Terrorism bursement, and such detail shall be without violation of this title based on the use, ac- Medal instead of a medal that relates interruption or loss of civil service status or quisition, or disclosure of medical informa- to their service in Iraq. privilege. tion that is not genetic information about a The service men and women who are (3) INFORMATION FROM FEDERAL AGENCIES.— manifested disease, disorder, or pathological risking their lives in Iraq deserve to be condition of an employee or member, includ- The Commission may secure directly from recognized for their service in that any Federal department or agency such in- ing a manifested disease, disorder, or patho- formation as the Commission considers nec- logical condition that has or may have a ge- country. This is a major military en- essary to carry out the provisions of this sec- netic basis. gagement we have gotten into here and tion. Upon request of the Commission, the SEC. 211. REGULATIONS. there will be a lot of service men and head of such department or agency shall fur- Not later than 1 year after the date of en- women involved. We definitely should nish such information to the Commission. actment of this title, the Commission shall make this a separate medal. (4) HEARINGS.—The Commission may hold issue final regulations in an accessible for- That is the thrust of the amendment. such hearings, sit and act at such times and mat to carry out this title. Senator LUGAR is a cosponsor, along places, take such testimony, and receive SEC. 212. AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS. with many others. I ask unanimous such evidence as the Commission considers There are authorized to be appropriated advisable to carry out the objectives of this such sums as may be necessary to carry out consent to add Senators BYRD, LEAHY, section, except that, to the extent possible, this title (except for section 208). and JEFFORDS to those who are already the Commission shall use existing data and SEC. 213. EFFECTIVE DATE. listed as cosponsors. research. This title takes effect on the date that is The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without (5) POSTAL SERVICES.—The Commission 18 months after the date of enactment of this objection, it is so ordered. may use the United States mails in the same Act. Mr. WARNER. Mr. President, I say to manner and under the same conditions as TITLE III—MISCELLANEOUS PROVISION my colleagues, I would like to think of other departments and agencies of the Fed- SEC. 301. SEVERABILITY. myself as the last person to ever take eral Government. If any provision of this Act, an amendment the floor of the Senate and say a man (e) REPORT.—Not later than 1 year after all made by this Act, or the application of such or a woman proudly wearing the uni- of the members are appointed to the Com- provision or amendment to any person or mission under subsection (c)(1), the Commis- form of the United States should not circumstance is held to be unconstitutional, receive everything that is offered. But sion shall submit to Congress a report that the remainder of this Act, the amendments summarizes the findings of the Commission made by this Act, and the application of in this instance—I do not oppose this— and makes such recommendations for legis- such provisions to any person or cir- I simply ask you to examine it in the lation as are consistent with this Act. cumstance shall not be affected thereby. sense of fairness. What do you say to (f) AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIATIONS.— the widow of someone who lost his life There are authorized to be appropriated to Mr. STEVENS. I move to reconsider the Equal Employment Opportunity Com- the vote and I move to lay that motion in Afghanistan? What do you say to mission such sums as may be necessary to on the table. those who have injured soldiers in the carry out this section. The motion to lay on the table was Horn of Africa, Liberia, Philippines, SEC. 209. CONSTRUCTION. agreed to. Colombia, and other places, all engaged Nothing in this title shall be construed f in the war on terrorism? to— I do not understand this. I have read (1) limit the rights or protections of an in- EMERGENCY SUPPLEMENTAL AP- it. I have reread it. It says, for exam- dividual under the Americans with Disabil- PROPRIATIONS FOR IRAQ AND ple, to those serving in Iraq, prohibi- ities Act of 1990 (42 U.S.C. 12101 et seq.), in- AFGHANISTAN SECURITY AND tion of concurrent award of Global War cluding coverage afforded to individuals RECONSTRUCTION ACT, 2004—Con- on Terrorism Expeditionary Medal. under section 102 of such Act (42 U.S.C. tinued They cannot receive it. For what rea- 12112), or under the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (29 U.S.C. 701 et seq.); AMENDMENT NO. 1830 son, I do not know. (2)(A) limit the rights or protections of an The PRESIDING OFFICER. There I say to my dear friend, a former individual to bring an action under this title are 4 minutes equally divided on the member of the Armed Services Com- against an employer, employment agency, Bingaman amendment. mittee, this is a matter that requires

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:24 Jan 14, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00028 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2003SENATE\S14OC3.REC S14OC3 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY October 14, 2003 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S12509 close examination. This issue of award- expertise or the knowledge to deny any amendment. I have asked permission to ing men and women of the Armed medal that is judged by the leaders of delete that and it has been denied. Forces is properly reposed in the chair- the military and the President of the So I would just simply suggest to my man and the members of the Joint United States? It is very laudable to colleagues that it is more appropriate Chiefs of Staff. They acted in March of award a medal to people who served and more consistent with the policy of this year to create the Medal for the and sacrificed. Instead, the Senator this country to give awards for major Global War on Terrorism. Our distin- from New Mexico has to complicate it military conflicts such as what we guished Senator from South Carolina, to the point where the Senator from have been engaged in in Iraq than it is while serving in the Army, got a star Virginia and I have to stand and say: to give a Global War on Terrorism for the European theater for engage- What is this all about? award to everything that happens from ments; those who crossed the Anzio Mr. NICKLES. Will the Senator from 9/11 forward. The reality is, the people Beach, those in Africa, a star. There Arizona yield? who are serving in Iraq deserve to be was one theater medal with stars given Mr. MCCAIN. So the point is, the recognized for that. That is all we are for the various engagements. That is Senator from New Mexico complicated trying to do with this amendment. not this situation. That says the one an otherwise straightforward issue by I urge my colleagues to support the who served in Iraq should get some- deciding who is in what theater of war amendment. thing special the others do not receive. and what the war on terrorism is Mr. WARNER. How can you elevate a That is not fair, I say to my good about. And the Senator from New Mex- death or a loss in Iraq over one in Af- friend. ico should have left it alone. ghanistan? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Accordingly, at the appropriate time, Mr. NICKLES. Will the Senator from ate will be in order. I will move to table. Arizona yield? The Senator from New Mexico has Mr. MCCAIN. I am glad this is a bi- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the floor. ator is advised a motion to table is not cameral legislature we have because I Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, let in order. do not think the House of Representa- me say in response to my colleague Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, this tives would ever agree to such a thing, from Virginia, if he would like to offer is not intended to prevent the Pen- nor would the leaders of our military. an amendment to give an award to tagon from issuing any other awards I yield to the Senator from Okla- those who served in Afghanistan, I will they wish with regard to Afghanistan homa. cosponsor and support that. or other locations, but it is clear to me Mr. NICKLES. The Senator from Ari- I have proposed something for the that issuing a Global War on Terrorism zona— men and women who have served in the Medal is not adequate for the service Mr. WARNER. What do you say to conflict in Iraq. And I think it is an ap- we are calling on our men and women the widow of someone who has lost propriate thing for the Congress to do. to perform in Iraq. We should give their life in Afghanistan? I urge my colleagues to support the them a medal for that campaign. That Mr. NICKLES addressed the Chair. amendment. is all the amendment does. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Mr. GREGG. Mr. President, I have a I ask for the yeas and nays. ator from Oklahoma is recognized. parliamentary inquiry. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The yeas Mr. NICKLES. Correct me if I am Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, are and nays have already been ordered. wrong. It is my understanding the De- we going to have more debate on this Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, there partment of Defense opposes this amendment? is substantial interest in this amend- amendment. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time ment. I don’t know if the Senator wish- Mr. WARNER. Correct. on the majority side has expired. es to have any more time. Mr. NICKLES. For the reasons stated Mr. STEVENS. Time has expired. Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, I by the Senator from Virginia and the Mr. President, I call for a vote. have had plenty of time. I suggest we Senator from Arizona. I opposed this before. The Depart- vote. Mr. MCCAIN. That is correct. ment opposes it. I call for a vote. The PRESIDING OFFICER. All time Mr. WARNER. That is correct. Mr. GREGG. Parliamentary inquiry. is expired. Mr. MCCAIN. I say to the Senator The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- Mr. NICKLES. I ask unanimous con- from New Mexico, we should be able to ator may state his inquiry. sent the Senator from Arizona be al- work this out to everyone’s satisfac- Mr. GREGG. Is this motion divisible? The PRESIDING OFFICER. The lowed to speak for 3 minutes and the tion, but if you insist on microman- amendment is divisible. aging to the degree of where people opposing side be allowed to speak for 3 Mr. GREGG. I move the item be di- serve and what they are eligible for, minutes. vided. I ask for a division. I ask that Mr. REID. Reserving the right to ob- then we will never be able to honor the division be on subsection (d). ject, we are working very hard before those men and women who serve. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- the White House meeting to get in an- Why didn’t the Senator from New ator has to give specifics on the divi- other vote. Could we limit this? I know Mexico leave this alone? sion. everyone wants to hear these speeches, The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time Mr. GREGG. Mr. President, I would but could we try a minute or so on each of the Senator has expired. ask that— side. Otherwise, we will waste the en- The Senator from New Mexico has 2 Mr. STEVENS. Parliamentary in- tire afternoon with White House meet- minutes. quiry. ings. Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, the Mr. GREGG. All items after sub- Mr. NICKLES. I renew my request to Senator from Arizona raises a valid section (d)—page 3, line 8—be deleted, 2 minutes on each side. point about the prohibition section, the question be divided on that point. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without which is subsection (d). And I ask The PRESIDING OFFICER. Will the objection, it is so ordered. unanimous consent that be deleted Senator restate the specifics of the di- The Senator from Arizona. from the amendment. vision? Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, none of The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Mr. GREGG. Yes. My point is, on us understands a prohibition on a con- objection? page 3, line 8, section (d), I ask that the current award of any other medal. This Mr. STEVENS. Reserving the right motion be divided and that the motion is unprecedented. Never in the history to object, I will object because—I do be a separate motion on that section of our military has the Senate or Con- object. and everything that follows it within gress mandated the awarding of one The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- section (d). medal or the prohibiting of an award- tion is heard. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ing of another medal. Mr. BINGAMAN. Mr. President, the amendment is divided. We all want to honor the men and only argument I have heard against the VOTE ON AMENDMENT NO. 1830, DIVISION I women who have served in the military amendment that, to me, made good The question is on the first division. and have sacrificed. Where is it that sense was a concern about the prohibi- The yeas and nays have already been the Senator from New Mexico gets the tion provision, subsection (d) of the ordered.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:24 Jan 14, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00029 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2003SENATE\S14OC3.REC S14OC3 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S12510 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 14, 2003 Mr. STEVENS. Parliamentary in- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I quiry: What are we voting on now, Mr. objection? thank the distinguished leader. President? Without objection, it is so ordered. I ask unanimous consent that there The PRESIDING OFFICER. The vote The PRESIDING OFFICER. The now be 30 minutes for debate in rela- now occurs on agreeing to division I, question is on agreeing to division II of tion to the Stabenow amendment, with which is pages 1 and 2 and 3 through amendment No. 1830. 20 minutes under the control of Sen- line 7 of the original amendment. The The amendment (No. 1830—Division ator STABENOW and 10 minutes under yeas and nays have previously been or- II) was rejected. my control; provided that following the dered. The clerk will call the roll. Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I sim- debate time, the Senate proceed to a The legislative clerk called the roll. ply say that I am sorry about this re- vote in relation to the amendment, Mr. REID. I announce that the Sen- cent dispute. In the period of time be- with no amendments in order to the ator from Minnesota (Mr. DAYTON), the fore lunch, I made a statement, based amendment prior to the vote; that fol- Senator from North Carolina (Mr. upon a memo we got from the Depart- lowing that vote, the time until 6:30 EDWARDS), the Senator from Massachu- ment of Defense, that pointed out that this evening be equally divided in the setts (Mr. KERRY), the Senator from the medals in question were authorized usual form in relation to the Dorgan Connecticut (Mr. LIEBERMAN), and the by the President at the request of the amendment No. 1846; and that the vote Senator from Georgia (Mr. MILLER) are Joint Chiefs of Staff. occur in relation to the Dorgan amend- necessarily absent. They had two reasons to oppose this ment at 6:30 p.m., with no amendments I further announce that, if present Iraqi freedom medal. First, it is redun- in order to the amendment prior to the and voting, the Senator from Massa- dant to the general war on terrorism vote. chusetts (Mr. KERRY) would vote medal; second, it is devisive in that it The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ‘‘yea.’’ inherently values participation in the objection, it is so ordered. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there Iraqi operation as opposed to Afghani- Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, I sug- any other Senators in the Chamber de- stan and all others. In particular, the gest the absence of a quorum. siring to vote? Department pointed out that, under The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The result was announced—yeas 47, the Global War on Terrorism Medals, clerk will call the roll. nays 48, as follows: there is an Expeditionary Medal that The legislative clerk proceeded to [Rollcall Vote No. 378 Leg.] goes to those who serve in Iraq, Af- call the roll. YEAS—47 ghanistan, or in those places where Ms. STABENOW. Mr. President, I ask there has been combat in the war unanimous consent that the order for Akaka Dorgan Levin Baucus Durbin Lincoln against terrorism. The other medal is a the quorum call be rescinded. Bayh Feingold Lugar Service Medal to recognize those peo- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Biden Feinstein Mikulski ple who are supporting personnel. It is objection, it is so ordered. Bingaman Graham (FL) Murray not restricted by geographical bound- AMENDMENT NO. 1823 Boxer Gregg Nelson (FL) Breaux Harkin Nelson (NE) aries. It is not only for the support of Ms. STABENOW. Mr. President, I ask Byrd Hollings Pryor Operation Iraqi Freedom; it also ap- unanimous consent that the pending Cantwell Inouye Reed plies to Operation Noble Eagle and air- Carper Jeffords amendments be set aside and I call up Reid Chafee Johnson port security operations from Sep- amendment No. 1823. Rockefeller Clinton Kennedy tember 27, 2001, to May 1, 2002. The PRESIDING OFFICER. That Sarbanes Conrad Kohl The Senate has defeated a proposal amendment is already pending. Corzine Landrieu Schumer Daschle Lautenberg Stabenow to go on record to issue an Iraqi medal Ms. STABENOW. I thank the Chair. Dodd Leahy Wyden only to those who served in Iraq, and Mr. President, I rise today to speak the Department has taken the posi- about an amendment I am calling ‘‘A NAYS—48 tion—that is what really caused con- Month for America.’’ This amendment Alexander DeWine McConnell Allard Dole Murkowski sternation because they want medals will delay approximately $5 billion in Allen Domenici Nickles to recognize specific and general sac- Iraq reconstruction funds and put them Bennett Ensign Roberts rifices and contributions made by all into funding our high priorities at Bond Enzi Santorum Armed Forces in the efforts to combat home, such as job creation, veterans Brownback Fitzgerald Sessions Bunning Frist Shelby terrorism in all forms throughout the health, health care for the uninsured, Burns Graham (SC) Smith world, both in current and future oper- and education. Campbell Grassley Snowe ations. I thank the cosponsors of this amend- Chambliss Hagel Specter The Expeditionary Medal will con- ment—Senators DURBIN, BOXER, JOHN- Cochran Hatch Stevens Coleman Hutchison Sununu tinue to be issued to those who partici- SON, and SCHUMER—for their leadership Collins Inhofe Talent pate in the global war against ter- and support. Cornyn Kyl Thomas rorism and are involved in combat op- Two weeks ago, I was meeting with a Craig Lott Voinovich Crapo McCain Warner erations. I think what the Department group of constituents in Michigan, and has done at the request of the Joint we started to talk about the Presi- NOT VOTING—5 Chiefs of Staff is inherently fair and dent’s request for $87 billion for Iraq Dayton Kerry Miller proper. I want to reassure those who and Afghanistan. I shared with my con- Edwards Lieberman supported the position I enunciated stituents that we were spending about The amendment (No. 1830—Division I) and are opposed to this amendment, I $5 billion a month now, in addition to was rejected. believe you have done the right thing the slightly over $20 billion in recon- Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I move by those people who are in uniform and struction funds contained in the bill in to reconsider the vote. are sacrificing themselves and really front of us. Mr. BOND. I move to lay that motion exposing themselves in harm’s way My constituents in Michigan were on the table. throughout the world. startled at the enormity of this figure, The motion to lay on the table was The PRESIDING OFFICER. The as I believe our constituents are across agreed to. Democratic leader is recognized. the country, so much so that one gen- Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, par- Mr. DASCHLE. Mr. President, we tleman who is on a local school board, liamentary inquiry: What is the proce- have been discussing how we might sitting in the back, exclaimed: How dure now? proceed between now and 6:30. As I un- about a month for America? This rang VOTE ON AMENDMENT NO. 1830, DIVISION II derstand it, we have a unanimous con- very true to me, and when I returned The PRESIDING OFFICER. The sent request ready to propound. There here, I decided to take this idea and question occurs on division II of is no objection to the request on this draft an amendment focused on our amendment No. 1830. side. I see that the distinguished man- needs at home called ‘‘A Month for Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- ager has the unanimous consent re- America.’’ imous consent that the yeas and nays quest, and I yield the floor so he can Before I fully explain the details of be vitiated on this vote. offer that. my amendment, I wish to go through

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:24 Jan 14, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00030 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2003SENATE\S14OC3.REC S14OC3 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY October 14, 2003 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S12511 what this amendment does not do. This education should not be a partisan just to maintain the current level of is very important. issue. services. Schools will not have the re- First, it does not cut 1 penny of fund- The ‘‘A Month for America’’ amend- sources to make the necessary repairs. ing for our troops. ment will increase funding for school I argue this is an emergency for Amer- Second, it does not cut any funds for construction for the next year by $1 ica. security in Iraq. It specifically exempts billion so that we can place more dol- Now on to veterans health care, the approximately $5 billion in police lars into investing in our children which is of deep concern to me as well. and security funds for Iraq. I believe walking into a quality school building The administration’s budget for vet- this is very important. The sooner they with the technology and the infrastruc- erans health care falls far short of are able to have their own police force, ture they need. Shame on us if we have needs. We all know this. Despite the their own security force, the sooner we even one classroom in America where current crisis in veterans health care, will be able to bring our troops home, there is a bucket in the corner to catch some 130,000 are waiting 6 months or and I support that effort. the water coming in. We have too more for appointments at VA hospitals Third, it does not cut any funds for many of those right now. or clinics. President Bush submitted a reconstruction. It only delays them. This amendment will help eliminate budget for next year that is $1.8 billion Therefore, this money is fully offset. those buckets of water and create the below what is needed, according to the We are asking for $5.03 billion for modern school buildings our children independent budget produced by America in this amendment and ask need now in America. AMVETS, Disabled Americans, Para- that we simply take a portion—the Our schools are definitely in a state lyzed Veterans of America, and the equivalent of 1 month’s spending, $5.03 of emergency. According to a GAO re- Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United billion—and delay it until next year. port entitled ‘‘School Facilities: Amer- States. Even the administration admits that ica’s School Report, Differing Condi- In this legislation, we are funding ef- it does not need much of the $20 billion tions,’’ at least one-third of schools are forts to support the men and women in reconstruction until next year. So it in need of extensive repair or replace- who are fighting overseas on our be- is not an emergency. We do not need ment. This is not in Afghanistan or half, who are on active duty. They the full $20 billion right now, and yet Iraq. This is in the United States of come home, they become veterans, and we have real emergencies at home. America. One-third of the schools are they have to wait 6 months to see a There will be plenty of opportunities in need of extensive repair or replace- doctor. What sense does this make? If to provide this $5 billion for Iraq in the ment and at least two-thirds have we cannot keep basic promises to our next appropriations cycle. In fact, last unhealthy environmental conditions. veterans to make sure they have the Thursday’s New York Times reported So two out of three schools in the health care they need, deserve, and we that a team of World Bank economists United States of America have unsafe said they would receive, how in the has concluded that, as a practical mat- environmental conditions. I argue this world are we going to be credible in ter, Iraq can absorb only about $6 bil- is an emergency equal to anything that meeting other commitments? lion in aid next year for its infrastruc- is in front of us that relates to Iraq. Unfortunately, the House bill in- ture needs. We are being asked to allo- An estimated 14 million American cluded the same shortfall, which is $1.8 cate more than $20 billion on recon- children attend deteriorating schools. billion lower than the budget resolu- struction, and yet we are told, as a According to the National Education tion promise of a $3.4 billion increase practical matter, they will not be able Association’s 2000 survey, Michigan over last year’s level. The VA health to use or spend over $6 billion in the schools need at least $9.9 billion in care system is strained. Its budget has next year. One administration official building improvements. That is just in consistently been underfunded and does was even quoted as saying: my State, given all of the needs we not address the health needs of our Where the Iraq aid numbers are not so rea- have from one end of Michigan to the service men and women. sonable is the timeframe for how much can other. Many Michigan educators be- I am pleased to support Senator be spent. This money cannot be spent over- lieve that estimate in fact is too low, JOHNSON’s bill to make health care night. considering the Detroit public schools spending for our veterans mandatory. They are admitting the fact this alone need an estimated $5 billion to This needs to happen, instead of being timeframe is not reasonable, and yet fix leaky roofs, replace boilers, wire slighted by the administration and the we know in ongoing debates in this computers, and other repairs. This is Congress year after year. Right now, Chamber with colleagues on every ap- truly an emergency. over 130,000 veterans wait 6 months or propriations bill coming before us that How do we tell our children to stay more for their primary care appoint- we have critical needs for jobs and edu- in school, do not go on drugs, do not ments. The system is so underfunded cation, veterans health care, and those drop out of school and move to a life of that category 8 veterans, nonservice- who are losing their insurance because crime, stay with it because education connected veterans who make above a of losing their job. We have many needs is so important, and then they walk certain income threshold, are prohib- that are critical at home. into a building that is falling down, ited from enrolling for benefits. Specifically, the ‘‘A Month for Amer- they walk into a building that does not In my State, veterans officials are ica’’ amendment would take this $5.03 have the computers they need in this talking about losing another hospital, billion and allocate it in the following day and age to be successful? What Saginaw VA facility, which means that ways: First, $1 billion for school con- message are we sending to our chil- some veterans in northern Michigan struction; $1.8 billion for veterans dren? This is an emergency. and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan health care; $103 million for full fund- These poor conditions also affect how will have to drive over 200 miles to Ann ing of community health centers; and well our children learn. A recent study Arbor or Detroit for inpatient care. I finally, $2.1 billion for transportation showed students learning in sub- am extremely hopeful they will not projects and job creation, saving 90,000 standard classrooms have test scores proceed with this proposal. jobs. that are anywhere from 5 to 17 percent This amendment commits Congress The United States is spending a little lower than their peers who are in good to keeping our promises to our vet- over $1 billion a week right now in buildings. So when we are talking erans who have earned the right to ac- Iraq, not counting the $87 billion. How- about leave no child behind and raising cess to health care that was created to ever, when an amendment was recently test scores and standards, the quality serve their needs. Our veterans deserve offered to the 2004 Labor-HHS appro- of the building, the science labs, the better than a chronically underfunded priations bill to increase funding for math labs, the technology that is system, long waits for care, and a Na- school construction at home by $1 bil- available, makes a difference in a tion that has asked them to pay the lion, it was defeated on a party-line child’s ability to learn. In addition, price for our freedom, only to be short- vote with only one of our Republican without this additional $1 billion in changed at home. colleagues supporting the increased funding and with the significant State Item 3 in Month for America, accord- funding. This is very unfortunate be- cuts in education funding, Americans ing to the recently released U.S. Cen- cause investing in our schools and in will have to pay more in property taxes sus Report, the number of Americans

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:24 Jan 14, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00031 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2003SENATE\S14OC3.REC S14OC3 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S12512 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 14, 2003 without health care has jumped 5.7 per- As my colleagues know, in the final to veterans and those without insur- cent to 43.6 million Americans. This is item in the Month for America, the ance, and creating jobs is not an emer- the largest single increase in the num- TEA–21 transportation bill expired at gency. I completely disagree. These are ber of the uninsured in the last decade. the end of September, but Congress has crises in America that need immediate According to Families USA, a health not passed a new 6-year bill which is attention. care consumer organization, there were critical to the needs of communities, At the same time, when I looked 2.3 million people in my own State of to jobs, and to the economy. A new 6- through Ambassador Bremer’s report Michigan under the age of 65 who went year bill would provide hundreds of entitled ‘‘The Coalition Provisional without health insurance some time in thousands of jobs to help the economy Authority Request to Rehabilitate and the past year. That means one in four and improve the safety of our Nation’s Reconstruct Iraq,’’ I found billions of people in Michigan under the age of 65 roads and bridges. Instead, Congress dollars for projects which neither I nor was uninsured. Think about that. In passed a short-term, 5-month extension the American people believe are emer- the greatest country in the world, of TEA–21. According to the American gencies. They may be worthy, but they those without insurance often delay or Association of State Highway and are not as much of an emergency as avoid needed services, which results in Transportation Officials, a short-term these needs here at home. I want to a direct increase in more costly emer- extension rather than passage of the 6- point out just a few to my colleagues. gency room care. year bill will compound State budget The first item I found was $161 mil- Who are these people? Seventy-five problems and result in delayed lion for wireless networks, computer percent of them are working. They are projects, added project costs, and lost training, and equipment. We would working in small businesses that would jobs. They indicate that a delay in love to have this in Michigan. I have provide health insurance but for the passing a new 6-year bill would mean many businesses that would love to explosion in prices. These are people the loss of more than 90,000 jobs and have wireless networks. There is no who work in every part of our econ- $2.1 billion in project delays. question that this is a laudable goal. omy. In recent studies, the sagging This is about jobs. We need those jobs But is it an emergency? I don’t think economy suggests these numbers are for American citizens. A 6-year bill so. Couldn’t this wait until next year only going to increase if relief is not in would create hundreds of thousands of while we try to establish security and sight. I tell folks we are going to be jobs. We know that passing a 6-year basic services in Iraq? funding a Government-funded universal $311 billion highway bill would create The second item is $20 million for system in Iraq for every Iraqi to have more than 650,000 jobs in America and business training for Iraqis. This health care and yet in my home State, money will provide 4 weeks of business and I would venture it is comparable almost 23,000 jobs in Michigan alone. Our Nation’s transportation infra- courses to Iraqis for a whopping $10,000 across the country, one out of four peo- structure needs our help now. This a person. If I might plug my alma ple does not have health care. Last really is an emergency. mater, this is more than it would cost year, community health centers across According to the Texas Transpor- for a full year at the Michigan State the country served nearly 5 million un- tation Institute’s 2003 Urban Mobility University Business School. We wel- insured Americans. Community health Study, the cost of congestion continues come people coming to Michigan State. centers have a 30-year track record of to skyrocket, and in 2001 traffic con- The third item is $43 million for job success, and that is where these dollars training and 22 new Iraqi job employ- would go. Study after study has shown gestion cost the Nation $69.5 billion— ment centers. Iraq may have a problem that health centers effectively and effi- $4.1 billion more than in the year 2000— with unemployment, but we also have ciently improve our Nation’s health. 5.7 billion gallons of wasted fuel, and In the last 3 years, they have served 3.5 billion hours of lost productivity a problem with unemployment here at nearly 800,000 American citizens. We sitting in our cars on those roads. We home. Since 2001, we have lost 2.5 mil- need to fully fund community health each understand that. Traffic conges- lion manufacturing jobs in this coun- centers at the level necessary for them tion cost southeastern Michigan over try, many of them in my home State— to do their work and serve working $2.1 billion in 2001 and cost the average 162,300 of them, in fact, in Michigan. families who are not lucky enough to Detroiter $523 per person. This is a loss of 18 percent of Michi- have health insurance from their em- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mrs. gan’s manufacturing employment—one ployers. DOLE). The Senator’s time has expired. out of six of our manufacturing jobs. The Month for America amendment Ms. STABENOW. Madam President, I Other items include $9 million to es- would provide $103 million for full ask unanimous consent for 5 additional tablish ZIP Codes in Iraq—a nice thing funding of federally qualified commu- minutes. to do, but I think it could wait—and $50 nity health centers to help deal with The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there million for marshes. I am anxious to go the number of Americans who lack objection? see them since I thought this was a health insurance. This is such a small Mr. STEVENS. Madam President, I desert. investment that obviously yields great yield the Senator 5 minutes of my These do not seem to be emergencies. rewards. For every $100 the Federal time. We are saying, can these please wait Government has been able to allocate The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without until next year so that health care for to community health centers, these objection, the Senator is recognized for our families and jobs for our families centers have been able to serve one ad- 5 minutes. will not have to wait and veterans will ditional new patient. Think about that. Ms. STABENOW. I thank the chair- not have to wait a month to see a doc- For $100, another child can be served, man very much for his graciousness. tor. another mom, or another dad who has The Month for America amendment School construction and jobs are cer- lost his job or lost his insurance. will provide $2.1 billion in highway and tainly a high priority. Why should The Month for America amendment transit funds to high-priority projects these Iraqi projects get special treat- would allow an additional 1.03 million that can begin within 90 days. This will ment in an emergency supplemental Americans to receive access to primary create immediate jobs. Not only will bill while funds for our infrastructure care services; 1.03 million people could this prevent the project delays result- and our needs have to wait and com- have access to a doctor and the health ing from the lack of a 6-year transpor- pete with other priorities next year? It care they need. tation bill, but it will, again, create seems to me the money for our roads We know this is not a complete solu- over 90,000 jobs. We all know we need and schools should get special budg- tion to the issue of health care. I cer- more jobs in America, and we need etary treatment and Iraq projects can tainly have been very involved in a them now. This is an emergency for wait. number of ways to bring down costs every single individual and every fam- We are not asking for all of them to and to address the concerns of small ily who finds themselves in a situation wait. The administration has indicated and large businesses and those who do now where there has been a job loss in they can use about $6 billion in the not have insurance, but it surely would the family. coming year. I am suggesting they get help to be able to fully fund our health Some people will say that modern- the $15 billion. We are just asking for centers. izing our schools, providing health care $5 billion—1 month for America. I

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:24 Jan 14, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00032 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2003SENATE\S14OC3.REC S14OC3 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY October 14, 2003 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S12513 think these so-called emergency items This amendment also provides $1.8 Mr. STEVENS. Madam President, do for Iraq can wait and we can involve billion for health care to our veterans I have 10 minutes remaining? ourselves in the normal budget process so that we can fulfill the commitment The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- to determine whether they are needed. made to them for their sacrifices. ator has 5 minutes. We need to act now here at home. We President Bush submitted a fiscal Mr. STEVENS. Madam President, the need jobs now. We need health care year 2004 budget request for VA health Senator from Michigan has been talk- now. We need to rebuild our schools that is $1.8 billion below the Inde- ing about veterans health care and now and we need to support our troops pendent Budget produced by AMVETS, school construction. We are talking when they come home and put on their Disabled American Veterans, Paralyzed about Iraq and how to get our people veterans hats when they will need Veterans of America, and the Veterans home. We get them back by assisting health care. of Foreign Wars of the United States. the Iraqis in taking over the manage- Some people say we can’t do both. I It would be a great comfort for those ment of their own country. We do that believe we can. Let us send a message fighting now to know that the U.S. by providing an infusion of capital to today that while we support our troops Congress is serious about meeting the help restore that government to oper- unanimously, we want to have 1 month needs of those who fought before them. ation so it can take over and provide of funding for America here at home. If On healthcare, the supplemental pro- the security services, provide for the we agree to this amendment, we can do vides $850 million for Iraq to construct economic management services, and both. I ask my colleagues before they a new hospital and replace medical provide the army. It takes money to do vote on this amendment to think about equipment. And while we should help that. those who would be impacted by this. those in need throughout the world, we As I pointed out before we went on I urge support for this amendment. should also provide for those at home. recess, the President has chosen a Mrs. BOXER. Madam President, I am That is why the Stabenow amendment unique approach. We could have gone proud to support the amendment of- provides $103 million for federally in with the military and occupied that fered by the Senator from Michigan to qualified community health centers country for 4 to 5 years, as we did in provide funding for important domestic that have been shown to reduce inpa- Germany and as we just did in Kosovo. priorities. This amendment is called tient admission rates for their patients We are still bringing people out of Bos- ‘‘A Month for America.’’ by anywhere from 22 percent to 67 per- nia and Kosovo because we did not do Each month, the U.S. is spending cent, and have reduced the number of roughly $5 billion for operations in Iraq that. This time we are going in to try patients admitted per year and the to help them get in the position to and Afghanistan at a time when impor- length of stay among those who were tant priorities here at home go unmet. take care of themselves and bring our admitted. people back. This amendment would take $5 billion Finally, this amendment would pro- of the reconstruction money ear- This is at the request of the other vide $2.1 billion for highway and public side of the aisle. The President has marked for Iraq and allocates it in the transit programs. Transit is so impor- following way: $1 billion for school con- sent us a unique supplemental. The tant for my State. We have so much Democratic Party commanded that the struction, $1.8 billion for health pro- congestion that we must improve our President give us a budget for 2004 for grams for our veterans, $103 million for highways and roads and build public community health centers, and $2.1 bil- Iraq. This is it. transportation. No President has done this in his- lion for highways and public transit. According to the Texas Transpor- tory. President Clinton did not do it. In These domestic priorities are an tation Institute, Los Angeles and the fact, President Roosevelt did not do it. emergency now. Surely we can delay $5 San Francisco-Oakland region are President Eisenhower did not do it. billion in Iraqi reconstruction funds ranking No. 1 and 2 for the worst road- until the fiscal year 2005 when even the way congestion in this country. Cali- President Johnson did not do it. This President budgeted ahead of World Bank says that only $5.8 billion fornia has two more cities in the top 5 time for war, for a concept of finishing can be absorbed by Iraq next year to with San Jose ranked 4 and San Diego what we started. Part of what we start- rebuild its infrastructure. ranked 5. I want to talk about the need for new The Inland Empire of San Bernardino ed was to put in place a government in Federal spending to help rebuild and and Riverside Counties is ranked 12 and Iraq that would not be the despotic re- rehabilitate schools in California. Sacramento is ranked 13. gime of Saddam Hussein. These are the current conditions: 87 What does this congestion translate Argue all you want about the need percent of schools report a need to up- to? Delays. In the Los Angeles area: 136 for money. I agree, there is certainly a grade or repair building to good overall hours per year, on average per driver, need for more money for veterans condition; 71 percent of schools report in peak hours. San Francisco-Oakland health care. I disagree about the state- at least one inadequate building fea- drivers put up with 92 hours of delays, ment concerning the need for new pub- ture, such as the roof, plumbing, elec- and San Jose drivers endure 74 hours of lic school facilities. I am informed that trical systems, windows, or heating delays. Inland Empire drivers are de- in 2002 alone, school districts com- and air conditioning; and 87 percent of layed by 64 hours, and San Diego driv- pleted $11.7 billion of new construction. schools report at least one unsatisfac- ers are delayed by 51 hours a year. The recent study of the General Ac- tory environmental factor, such as air Californians are trying to reduce con- counting Office and the National Cen- quality, ventilation, heating, or light- gestion. More Californians are using al- ter for Education Statistics indicates ing. ternative forms of transportation. Pub- that schools are in better condition This is an emergency. Yet when an lic transit carries over 1.2 billion pas- than they have been in the past; 81 per- amendment was offered by Senators sengers a year in California. cent of the schools reported their CLINTON and HARKIN to the fiscal year Transit ridership is up in California. buildings were in adequate or better 2004 Labor-HHS bill to increase funding The number of miles traveled annually condition, 84 percent reported them to for school reconstruction by $1 billion by transit passengers grew by 20 per- be in adequate or better condition. It is for the entire year, it was defeated on cent between 1997 and 2001. The number a minority of schools that are not in a party-line vote with only one Repub- of annual passenger trips was up 14 per- adequate shape. lican supporting the increased funding. cent. In the San Francisco Bay Bridge One place where there are no schools It is a shame that this supplemental corridor, 38 percent of all trips are on without our assistance is Iraq. How bill will spend in excess of $100 million transit. And, 30 percent of all trips into will our men and women come home for education in Iraq but not one penny central Los Angeles are on transit. unless the schools are functioning, un- for education in California. Like the other domestic priorities less the police are functioning, unless The Bush administration wants to outlined in the Stabenow amendment, the army is functioning, unless the spend $10,000 per month for business we need to fund transit so we can im- economy is functioning? That is the school in Iraq—more than double the prove our infrastructure in this coun- way to get them home. monthly cost of Harvard Business try. I thank the Senator from Michigan If we do not provide this $20.3 billion, School—but there is no funding for the for her amendment and urge its adop- we can increase the money for the oc- children in California. tion. cupation and occupy that enormous

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:24 Jan 14, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00033 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2003SENATE\S14OC3.REC S14OC3 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S12514 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 14, 2003 country for 4 to 5 years. We know what Dodd Jeffords Nelson (FL) Iraq, unlike Afghanistan, is a rather it is costing. Look at the budget we Dorgan Johnson Reed wealthy country. They have tremendous re- Durbin Kennedy Reid sources that belong to the Iraqi people and have: $66 billion for defense, $20.3 bil- Feingold Landrieu Rockefeller so therefore a variety of means that Iraq has lion for assisting Iraq to become a na- Feinstein Lautenberg Sarbanes to be able to shoulder much of the burden for tion. The $66 billion will go on and on Graham (FL) Leahy Schumer Harkin Levin their own reconstruction. and on, a demand for more and more Stabenow Hollings Lincoln Wyden Mr. Fleischer was followed by Mr. money for the military in Iraq unless Inouye Mikulski Wolfowitz, the Deputy Secretary of we take the action the President has NOT VOTING—6 State. He said that the oil revenues of requested and provide the $20.3 billion Dayton Kerry Lieberman that country could bring between $50 necessary. The amendment of the Sen- Edwards Kohl Miller billion and $100 billion over the course ator will take over $5 billion out of The motion was agreed to. of the next 2 or 3 years and that we are that. It will cripple that program. Mr. COCHRAN. Madam President, I dealing with a country that can really We will have to send more and more move to reconsider the vote. finance its own reconstruction, and rel- people in uniform to do for Iraqis what Mr. REID. I move to lay that motion atively soon. they could do for themselves if they on the table. The Defense Secretary himself, Don- had the money to start their economy, The motion to lay on the table was ald Rumsfeld, in March, said: start their security systems, start agreed to. their military systems, start their I don’t believe the U.S. has the responsi- Mr. REID. What is the matter now bility for reconstruction, in a sense . . . and whole governmental systems and make before the Senate? the funds can come from those various them work. That is what we should do. AMENDMENT NO. 1826 sources I mentioned: frozen assets, oil reve- Some people call it nation building; I nues, and a variety of other things. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The time call it nation reconstructing. But in Well, that is at odds with the current any event, it is an absolute necessity between now and 6:30 is equally divided with respect to amendment No. 1826. request by the President to the Con- at this time to put the Iraqis back in gress, saying we need to have $20-plus- control of their own affairs. It will not Mr. REID. Madam President, we un- derstand that is the order that has billion for the reconstruction. The Dep- happen if the Stabenow amendment is uty Secretary of State said oil revenue adopted. been entered. Senator DORGAN squeezed his time previously from 3 hours to 2 could do that. The Secretary of Defense I yield back the remainder of my said that oil revenue would be avail- time. I move to table the amendment hours, and now it is 45 minutes. That is because this vote took so long. I hope able for that. of the Senator, and I ask for the yeas And then Vice President CHENEY, on and nays. the majority will push the votes more quickly. That vote took 30 minutes. March 16, said: The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who In Iraq, you’ve got a nation that has the sufficient second? yields time? second largest reserves of oil in the world— There is a sufficient second. The Senator from North Dakota is second only to Saudi Arabia. It will generate The question is on agreeing to the billions of dollars a year in cash flow in the recognized. motion. The clerk will call the roll. relatively near future. And that flow re- Mr. DORGAN. Madam President, is sources, which obviously belongs to the Iraqi The legislative clerk called the roll. my amendment now pending? Mr. REID. I announce that the Sen- people, needs to be put to use by the Iraqi The PRESIDING OFFICER. Yes. people for the Iraqi people, and that will be ator from Minnesota (Mr. DAYTON), the Mr. DORGAN. I yield myself such one of the major objectives. Senator from North Carolina (Mr. time as I may consume. We also have Then, the person at the State Depart- EDWARDS), the Senator from Massachu- other speakers on this amendment. ment who is responsible for reconstruc- setts (Mr. KERRY), the Senator from Mr. President, I have spoken about tion, Mr. Natsios, had the following ex- Wisconsin (Mr. KOHL), the Senator this amendment on previous occasions. change on ‘‘Nightline’’ with Ted from Connecticut (Mr. LIEBERMAN), and The amendment directs the Coalition Koppel. the Senator from Georgia (Mr. MILLER) Provisional Authority, in cooperation Koppel said: are necessarily absent. with the Governing Council of Iraq, to I further announce that, if present I understand that more money is expected create an Iraq Reconstruction Finance to be spent on that than was spent on the en- and voting, the Senator from Massa- Authority. The purpose of the Iraq Re- tire Marshall plan for the rebuilding of Eu- chusetts (Mr. KERRY), would vote construction Finance Authority shall rope after the World War II. ‘‘nay.’’ be to securitize future production of Natsios said: The PRESIDING OFFICER. Are there Iraqi oil, in order to finance the recon- any other Senators in the Chamber de- No, no, that doesn’t even compare re- struction of Iraq. motely with the size of the Marshall plan. siring to vote? In short, this amendment says that Koppel: The result was announced—yeas 59, the reconstruction of Iraq should in- The Marshall plan was $97 billion. nays 35, as follows: volve the Iraqi people, using Iraqi oil [Rollcall Vote No. 379 Leg.] to reconstruct their country and that Natsios: YEAS—59 it should not be the American tax- This is $1.7 billion. Alexander Craig McConnell payers reconstructing Iraq. Talking about the reconstruction Allard Crapo Murkowski This morning’s Washington Post says plan for Iraq. Allen DeWine Murray that the Secretary of State is at the The program continued. Bennett Dole Nelson (NE) United Nations, attempting to get a Koppel said: Biden Domenici Nickles Bingaman Ensign Pryor resolution passed that would confer on When you talk about 1.7, you are not sug- Bond Enzi Roberts the Iraqi Governing Council and its gesting that the rebuilding of Iraq is going Brownback Fitzgerald Santorum Ministers the sovereignty over the to be done for $1.7 billion. Bunning Frist Sessions Burns Graham (SC) state of Iraq. Surely, if this adminis- Natsios: Shelby Byrd Grassley tration is ready to recognize the Iraqi Smith Well, in terms of the American taxpayers’ Campbell Gregg Governing Council as the sovereign of contribution, I do. This is it for the U.S. The Cantwell Hagel Snowe Carper Hatch Specter the state of Iraq, that body should have rest of the rebuilding will be done by other Chafee Hutchison Stevens the ability to use future revenues from countries who have already made the Chambliss Inhofe Sununu the sale of Iraqi oil, to reconstruct pledges, and by Iraqi oil revenues. Cochran Kyl Talent their own country. Will you excuse a few of us for believ- Coleman Lott Thomas Collins Lugar Voinovich The fact is that, for months, this ad- ing the Vice President, the Secretary Cornyn McCain Warner ministration told us that Iraq’s oil of Defense, the Deputy Secretary of De- NAYS—35 would allow the Iraqi people to finance fense, and others, who repeatedly said their own reconstruction. this year that the American taxpayers Akaka Boxer Conrad Baucus Breaux Corzine Mr. Fleischer, the White House press won’t be on the hook for the recon- Bayh Clinton Daschle secretary, said this in February: struction of Iraq? Will you excuse us

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:24 Jan 14, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00034 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2003SENATE\S14OC3.REC S14OC3 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY October 14, 2003 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S12515 for believing we could use Iraq oil for They told us we needed to invade nificant issue for the future of our Na- this purpose? That is what they said Iraq because of weapons of mass de- tion. would happen. Now the administration struction, which we cannot find. The fundamental question to me is says that is not the case at all and they They told us we needed to invade what should be our standard in resolv- want to use the American taxpayers’ Iraq because of their linkage with 9/11 ing the myriad of questions which sur- dollars to shoulder the burden for re- terrorists, which now the President has round the President’s request for $87 construction of Iraq. said is not a fact. billion in occupation and reconstruc- Mr. DURBIN. Will the Senator yield? They told us we didn’t have to worry tion expense in Iraq. Mr. DORGAN. Let me make this one about rebuilding Iraq because of all the My answer to that question is that point. I asked Ambassador Bremer to oil revenues. we should test each of these proposals explain whether it would be possible to Is the Senator from North Dakota against the standards of: Will this give securitize Iraq’s future oil revenues to finding the same difficulty I am in fol- us an honorable and an expeditious exit pay for Iraq’s reconstruction. Ambas- lowing their logic? All the reasons to from Iraq? Will this contribute to our sador Bremer’s answer: You can’t use invade Iraq have disappeared. As I un- ability to leave Iraq, to take American Iraq oil because Iraq owes foreign debt. derstand it, the oil is still there. The troops out of the quagmire and the I said: Who to? oil was supposed to be the source to re- killing field which Iraq has become, He said: Russia, France, and Ger- build Iraq. Is the administration sug- but to do so with honor? many. gesting there is no oil in Iraq? We basically have two options that Following that hearing, I checked. In Mr. DORGAN. No. In fact, quite the are presently available to us as to how fact, Russia, France, and Germany are contrary. Ambassador Bremer testified to reach that objective. One is the go- indeed owed money by Saddam Hus- that by July of next year, they will be it-alone approach; that we will conduct sein’s regime. But the biggest creditors pulling 3 million barrels a day out of the occupation and the reconstruction of Saddam Hussein’s regime are Saudi the sands of Iraq. There is liquid gold essentially alone, without significant Arabia and Kuwait. under those sands. Three million bar- allies. Second is that we should inter- Wouldn’t it be a perversity if, in fact, rels a day by next July will net them nationalize the occupation and recon- the American taxpayers are told that $16 billion a year in net export revenue struction of Iraq. We should do this by they have to pay taxes to ship $20 bil- from oil—$16 billion a year. That is $160 increasing the control of Iraqis who lion to Iraq to reconstruct Iraq—so billion in 10 years. They can easily have the confidence of their country Iraq can pump oil and send cash to securitize a small fraction of that to men and women by involving other Saudi Arabia and Kuwait in satisfac- fund all of the reconstruction that is countries in the shared burden and re- tion of Saddam Hussein’s debts? necessary in Iraq. It can easily be done sponsibility of the occupation and re- You talk about a perversity of public if there is a will to do it. But they will construction of Iraq, and we should be policy. That is it. not do it if the President says: Let’s sensitive to the international presence My amendment is painfully simple. have the American taxpayers do it. that we are setting by our action. It says that the Iraqi Governing Coun- Mr. DURBIN. If the Senator will Why do I believe providing these re- cil shall have a mechanism that would yield for another question, if I under- construction dollars through a loan allow it to use Iraqi oil to reconstruct stand this, the President and the Bush rather than through a direct grant Iraq. administration are asking us to borrow would more likely achieve the goal of One final point. During the recent money from the Social Security trust internationalization and, therefore, the military campaign in Iraq, we did not fund to increase the deficit of the goal of an honorable and expeditious target Iraq’s infrastructure. We didn’t United States, to cut back on spending exit from Iraq? bomb its roads, bridges, dams, or elec- on education and health care so that First, it will maintain American do- tric grid. Now, Iraq does need recon- we can provide reconstruction funds for mestic support, or at least it will serve struction, no question about that, but Iraq which can then pump the oil and as a brake on what I sense is the in- the reconstruction is necessary because sell it and with the revenues pay off creasing loss of American domestic of decades of neglect. It is not because their debt to Saudi Arabia; is that the support for the occupation and recon- of any action by our military. And the logic behind the administration’s posi- struction of Iraq. We all can read the fact is that the Iraqi people have a tre- tion? polls and see what the American people mendous resource to finance that re- Mr. DORGAN. Madam President, the feel about this $87 billion request. They construction, which they could and two largest creditors of Iraq are Saudi dislike it in overwhelming numbers, should use. Arabia and Kuwait. The Senator from but there is even more than what you So the President ought not be so Illinois is absolutely correct. can state statistically. There is what quick to ask for $20 billion from the Mr. DURBIN. Through the Chair, I you can feel intuitively. American taxpayers for reconstruction, would like to ask the Senator, so the I sense all across the country an in- when his Vice President, the Secretary administration is prepared to dis- creasing question of what are we doing of Defense, the Deputy Secretary of De- appoint Social Security recipients in in Iraq? Why are we in a situation fense, and all the rest of them said this America rather than disappoint the where one American is killed and 10 year that the reconstruction of Iraq Saudis who loaned money to Saddam Americans are maimed every day, would be financed with Iraqi oil. Now Hussein and now want to be repaid? where we are spending $1 billion every we are told it cannot be done and won’t Mr. DORGAN. Madam President, week? What is our exit strategy? be done. I say with this amendment Saddam Hussein has vanished. His gov- I believe this approach of providing that it can be done and should be done. ernment doesn’t exist. The Iraqi people that at least a part of these expendi- Mr. DURBIN. Will the Senator yield ought not be saddled with massive tures will be repaid to the American for a question? debts to countries like Saudi Arabia, taxpayers will help to build some foun- Mr. DORGAN. I am happy to yield to some of the wealthiest countries in the dation under what now appears to be a my colleague. world. The American taxpayer should straight tunnel toward the loss of pub- Mr. DURBIN. Madam President, I not be told to pay for the reconstruc- lic support. want to make sure the point the Sen- tion of Iraq, while Iraqi oil revenues Second, this would not further add to ator has just made is driven home for are hauled off to Saudi Arabia and Ku- the national debt. We have basically those following this debate. wait. three choices as to who is going to pay This administration told us we need- I yield 8 minutes to my colleague for this war. The first choice is our ed to invade Iraq because there were from Florida, Senator GRAHAM. generation. We are in the war for what nuclear weapons there, which we can- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- we consider to be important national not find. ator from Florida. security reasons. If that is the case, we They told us we needed to invade Mr. GRAHAM. I thank the Chair. ought to be prepared to pay for it, not Iraq because there was uranium, fissile Madam President, it is a pleasure to ask future generations to pay for it. material coming in from Africa to Iraq, return to this great institution at a But last week the Senate rejected the which now they say did not exist. time when we are debating a truly sig- Biden amendment which would have

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:24 Jan 14, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00035 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2003SENATE\S14OC3.REC S14OC3 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S12516 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 14, 2003 caused our generation to pay for our grant but for Mexico it was a loan with could bring between $50 and $100 billion over occupation and reconstruction of Iraq. their oil revenue as the collateral for the course of the next two or three years. So that is off the table. repayment? . . . We’re dealing with a country that can The second is, we are going to ask The question that is asked all over really finance its own reconstruction, and relatively soon. our grandchildren to pay for this occu- this country is, Why can we rebuild the pation and reconstruction. If we do roads, the bridges, the schools, the Hello. Deputy Secretary Wolfowitz, this, we are engaged in a sharp break electric grid of Iraq, but we cannot do how can you rationalize coming to with tradition and precedent. it in the United States? Why can we do Congress 6 months later and asking for Let me just state these numbers. The it as a grant to one of the richest coun- $20 billion after you told us that Iraq could finance its own reconstruction? Marshall plan started in 1948. The pub- tries in terms of petroleum in the He was not alone in these pronounce- lic debt of the U.S. Government in 1948 world, which will never be repaid to was $216 billion. Four years later, as ments. This is Secretary of Defense help us rebuild our own bridges, roads, Don Rumsfeld saying at about the the Marshall plan was coming to a and schools? This represents a key same time: close, but the United States was at war turning point, in my judgment, for the in Korea, in 1952, the public debt of the I don’t believe the United States has the beginning of the 21st century. Will Iraq responsibility for reconstruction in a sense United States was $214 billion. So we be the Germany of the 1950s or will it . . . And the funds can come from those var- actually reduced the public debt of the be the Vietnam of the 1970s in terms of ious sources I mentioned: frozen assets, oil United States during the period of the the United States? revenues and a variety of other things. Marshall plan and the early phases of I believe voting for reasonable burden What they were trying to do was the Korean war. We are not following sharing between Iraq and the United paint a picture to the American people that precedent today. We are saying we States, and other proposals that will that there was no pain, all gain: We are going to put all of these additional share the burden on a more inter- will remove Saddam Hussein and, expenses into the most enormous an- national basis, will be a key to answer- frankly, the world will greet us as he- nual deficits the United States has ever ing that question. roes, as will the Iraqi people, and then seen. The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. they will use their revenues to rebuild Finally, we should do this because it CHAFEE). The Senator from North Da- the country and prove you can have a will require Iraqis pay for the recon- kota. much better government in Iraq. struction and have a substantial Mr. DORGAN. I yield 7 minutes to I certainly hope for the Iraqi people amount of control over the reconstruc- the Senator from Illinois. they do have a better government, but tion. One of the characteristics that The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without should it not be at their expense rather made the Marshall plan so successful objection, it is so ordered. than our expense? was that while we provided funds—and Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I thank The point that was made by the Sen- incidentally, on a $1-to-$1 matching the Senator from North Dakota for ator from North Dakota is a telling basis, not a 100-percent to 0-percent yielding and I rise in support of the point. We are borrowing money in the basis, as is being proposed here—we amendment he has offered. United States from Social Security, provided funds on that basis and then Also, I say welcome back to Senator from American taxpayers, and from let the leadership of the individual BOB GRAHAM of Florida. We are glad to our children; we are increasing the def- countries, whether it was our allies, have him off the trail and back in the icit of this country to come up with $87 such as France, or enemies, such as Senate where we need him. billion, $20 billion of which is going to Germany, make the judgments as to This is an interesting issue to bring rebuild Iraq. what they believed the priorities to the American people because it is an We are going to have that debt when should be for the use of those funds. issue where we ask this administration it is over, according to President Bush Here we are unilaterally deciding by to stand by its own promises, to stand and his supporters on the Senate floor. action of our administration and our by its own words, and they cannot. Yet the reason we cannot ask Iraq to Congress what the priorities should be. They cannot because as recently as 6 shoulder this burden itself, despite all Finally, in another domain, I think months ago, the leaders of this admin- of these pronouncements from Sec- this sets a dangerous precedent for our istration said we would not be on the retary Rumsfeld and Assistant Sec- relations with other countries. In this Senate floor today debating an $87 bil- retary Wolfowitz, is that Iraq has its same legislation, we are providing a lion bill. They told not only the Senate own obligations to countries such as relatively small grant to Afghanistan, and the House and the American peo- Saudi Arabia and Kuwait. both for security and for reconstruc- ple, they told the world that Iraq had Look at the debt of Iraq that we are tion. I think that is defensible. Afghan- the resources to take care of itself. It protecting by borrowing money from istan is one of the poorest countries in was part of the buildup to the war, a Social Security. Their biggest credi- the world. Afghanistan is a country war which was built on false premises tors include Saudi Arabia, the gulf which is key to a victory on terrorism. of nuclear weapons that did not exist, states, Kuwait, Russia, Japan, France, But now we apply exactly the same fissile material from Africa that did and Germany. Frankly, I care less standards to the country which sits on not exist, biological and chemical about the royal family in Saudi Arabia the second largest oil reserve on this weapons which have not been discov- than I do about American families planet and a country which, in my ered, and a link with al-Qaida which counting on Social Security. judgment, was not a legitimate part of cannot be substantiated. Why doesn’t the President? Why the war on terror until we made it a All of these were part of the ration- doesn’t the President of the United part of the war on terror by the war ale for invading Iraq with the coalition States believe that Saudi Arabia, itself. of the willing, which contained Great which trusted Saddam Hussein to lend We also have Mexico. In the 1990s, Britain and precious few other coun- him millions of dollars, should frankly Mexico was in very difficult financial tries with major resources or troops. be the ones to lose in any bargain status. There were some who specu- So we invaded Iraq and then said to the about Iraq’s future? No. From the Bush lated it might even go into bank- American people: Do not worry about administration viewpoint, the losers ruptcy. We came to Mexico’s financial after the war. The Iraqis are really rife should be the American taxpayers, our support. How did we do it? We did it by with all sorts of oil resources and reve- children, and people counting on Social collateralizing the future oil revenue of nues. They can take care of them- Security. Mexico to pay what we had advanced to selves. So the Senator from North Dakota give them greater fiscal solidity during I am not making this up because if asked an obvious question: If they have a time of great instability. How do we we followed the statements made by all of this oil revenue, why can’t they tell the Mexicans that when we were Paul Wolfowitz, the architect of the pledge that revenue to raise the money lending money to them, a country Iraq strategy, this is what Mr. to rebuild their own country? It is just which in natural resources is consider- Wolfowitz said in March: that simple. Someone has to borrow ably less endowed than Iraq, we are . . . the oil revenues of that country— the money to rebuild Iraq. It will ei- going to give it to Iraq as a straight Iraq— ther be the American taxpayers or the

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:24 Jan 14, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00036 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2003SENATE\S14OC3.REC S14OC3 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY October 14, 2003 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S12517 people of Iraq. I think the answer to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- near future. And that flow of resources, obvi- that particular challenge is very obvi- ator from North Dakota. ously, belongs to the Iraqi people, needs to ous, and the Senator from North Da- Mr. DORGAN. Let me inquire of the be put to use by the Iraqi people for the Iraqi kota has hit the nail on the head with Senator from Mississippi. We have people and that will be one of our major ob- jectives. his amendment. used—might I ask how much time we Let me add something else. This ad- on this side have used? We have had That is the Vice President. Ambassador Bremer said in the last 2 ministration has really been floun- several speakers. Might I inquire? dering when it comes to the plans after The PRESIDING OFFICER. Twenty- weeks they will be producing 3 billion the invasion of Iraq. I give credit to the seven minutes. barrels a day in July. That is what he military. In 3 weeks they did an ex- Mr. DORGAN. I don’t know whether testified before the Appropriations traordinary job. Since then, things the Senator from Mississippi intends to Committee. If that in fact is the case, have been just fumbled around. We speak or has speakers at this point. If apparently there has been a change of went from General Garner to Ambas- he does not intend to speak, I will mind here in the administration about sador Bremer, and while we were out make some additional comments. If he whether Iraq oil should be used for Iraq last week and the Senate was back does, I certainly will yield the floor to reconstruction. It was alleged by Sec- home, Condoleezza Rice was given the him. retary Wolfowitz it should be, it was authority for rebuilding Iraq. This is The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- alleged by Secretary Rumsfeld it getting hard to follow. It frankly be- ator from Mississippi? should be, by the Vice President it trays the fact that this administration Mr. DORGAN. I was inquiring; I will should be and would be. Now, appar- does not know which way to head. yield the floor to the Senator from ently, they have changed their mind. Here is the fundamental problem: We Mississippi if he is intending to speak. Second Rumsfeld also said to me in want Iraq to be a stable and secure na- Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. President, we testimony: tion. We would like to see them move have a certain amount of time under What that country is suffering from toward self-government and toward a the agreement. We will use that time [speaking of Iraq] is 30 years of a Stalinist- market economy, but all of this will when we choose. I do not intend to use type economy and starvation of the infra- take an enormous amount of money structure of the needed investments. That is any at this time. If you want to con- not the obligation of the United States of and time, and an enormous departure tinue to debate your amendment, it is from a country which has no history of America to repair. your amendment. I am for the com- So the 20-plus-billion-dollars request any of the things I just mentioned. mittee bill. I think the committee Iraq was created by the British colo- we have for reconstruction of Iraq in- made the right decision. I am going to cludes the replacement and the reha- nial empire. They drew a line on a map say that and cite the provisions of the and said: We will call this Iraq. Up bilitation of power distribution net- report underlining the rationale for the until that point in time, there was lit- works that were in a highly deterio- bill and the support we are trying to tle to trace the history of anything rated condition before the war, $50 mil- provide the President. So you have the called Iraq. Now we are trying to make lion to restore marshland water laboring oar, in my view. projects, $125 million to restore rail- this into a nation state. First we have Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, I thank to establish not only a national iden- road tracks that suffered from severe the Senator from Mississippi. I am well tity that is not from the command and neglect. Locomotives and railcars were aware it is my amendment, of course. control of a dictator, but also we have in a deplorable state; backup genera- Normally in the debate on amend- to establish an economy that can build tors were inoperative due to lack of ments, we try to go back and forth to a middle class that can participate in maintenance and spare parts. be fair. I was simply inquiring whether democracy as we know it. This is a But more Members of the House of he intended to speak. He apparently long, expensive process. Representatives of the majority party Who should pay for it? American tax- will speak at another time. saw fit to eliminate some of them—$9 payers or the people of Iraq? I think I will make a couple of additional million to study a ZIP Code for the the answer to that question is very ob- comments. We have some other Sen- Iraq Government or for the country of vious. I hope my colleagues, who feel ators who are coming to the floor to Iraq; $50,000 apiece for garbage trucks, duty bound to stand by the Bush ad- comment as well. $150 million for a children’s hospital, Let me describe in more detail the ministration no matter what, will only and the list goes on and on. stand by the statements made by the comments by the Vice President be- Clearly, some of it is not urgent. Bush administration to the American cause my colleague indicates the ad- Some of it is not an emergency. In my people 6 months ago. If the people in ministration is very much opposed to judgment, it ought to be paid for with this Chamber will stand by the prom- this. Iraqi oil. That was what was promised The administration has not been op- ises of Secretary Wolfowitz, Vice Presi- and alleged by the Vice President, by posed to it in the past. In fact, they dent CHENEY, and Secretary Rumsfeld, the Secretary of Defense, and the As- represented to the American people then Senator DORGAN is going to be sistant Secretary of Defense. successful. However, if this turns out that Iraq oil shall be used to recon- We are told by the President and oth- to be a partisan rollcall, take it or struct Iraq, so apparently it is a ers as well—the Secretary of State and leave it, you are with the President or changed position. Let me describe in Secretary of Defense—the question is, not, then the losers are going to be more detail the comments of the Vice What will strengthen the Iraq econ- families across America. Families are President on ‘‘Meet The Press.’’ This omy? That is an important question. I going to see Social Security trust occurred in March of this year. Quoting believe reconstruction will strengthen funds used to build Iraq while oil reve- Tim Russert, he says: the Iraq economy. I believe that ought nues in Iraq are used to pay off the Every analysis said this war itself would to be done and paid for with Iraq oil. Saudis who loaned money to Saddam cost about $80 billion, recovery of Baghdad, But a more important question is, perhaps of Iraq, about $10 billion per year. Hussein. That I think is an outrageous What will strengthen the U.S. econ- We should expect as American citizens that omy? We are borrowing $20 billion. Will outcome. this would cost at least $100 billion for a two- I think the Senator from North Da- year involvement. borrowing $20 billion and sending it to kota has it right. We have done a great Vice President Cheney: I can’t say that, Iraq so Iraq can pump oil and send cash deal for Iraq to date. We are spending Tim. There are estimates out there. It’s im- to the Saudis and Kuwaitis strengthen $1 billion a week. We have lost over 300 portant, though, to recognize that we’ve got the United States economy? Absolutely brave American soldiers. Walter Reed a different set of circumstances than we’ve not. That is why I offer this amend- Hospital, not far from Capitol Hill, has had in Afghanistan. In Afghanistan you’ve ment. This amendment failed in the rooms filled with soldiers, men and got a nation without significant resources. Appropriations Committee by a vote of In Iraq you’ve got a nation that’s got the women, who went to Iraq who came second-largest oil reserves in the world, sec- 15 to 14. back wounded with grievous injuries. ond only to Saudi Arabia. It will generate I don’t diminish the arguments of We have given a lot. We should not ask billions of dollars a year in cash flow if they those who oppose it, but, frankly, I the American taxpayers to give up get back to their production of roughly three think they are wrong. I believe this more. million barrels of oil a day, in the relatively was represented by the administration

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:24 Jan 14, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00037 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2003SENATE\S14OC3.REC S14OC3 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S12518 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 14, 2003 to be the right course. I now offer it as eration to pay for the decisions we out of the Pentagon, that listed all the an amendment and will hope when we make today because we refuse to take reasons why loans were a bad idea: We have a vote at 6:30 it will prevail. responsibility for them. would not want any other entity, such I yield the floor and I make a point of This is a difficult situation to de- as the new Iraqi Government or the Co- order a quorum is not present. scribe and explain to my constituents. alition Provisional Authority, to be de- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The I am asked how we can ask our tax- ciding where any of the money went; clerk will call the roll. payers to contribute over $20 billion for we would not want any, other than The assistant legislative clerk pro- the reconstruction of Iraq when that American, contractors to get any of ceeded to call the roll. was never presented to the American the contracts; we would not want any- Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, I ask public or even to the Congress. Time body to think we were in it just for the unanimous consent that the order for and time again the Congress was told oil, which they might somehow believe the quorum call be rescinded. by administration officials that it if we had some responsible, mature re- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without would not cost very much money, it lationship that expected some repay- objection, it is so ordered. would not take very long, and besides, ment. Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, I am we could expect Iraqi oil revenues to I read those talking points. I looked waiting for a couple of speakers whose pay for Iraqi reconstruction, and other at those arguments, and, frankly, they offices have told me they are on the nations would join us in shouldering are not very convincing. I am still hav- way. It is my understanding from the the burden. ing trouble trying to figure out how we Senator from Mississippi that he or Now, of course, we are told by the ad- went from a position in the spring others will be speaking as well. I will ministration not to expect very much where administration official after ad- put us in quorum call. I ask unanimous from anyone else, and we cannot even ministration official would not tell us consent that the quorum call be look to the Iraqi oil revenues at some how much it was going to cost, would charged equally against both sides. point in the future. We should not be not tell us how long it was going to The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without asking anything of the Iraqi people and take, would not tell us how long we objection, it is so ordered. their soon-to-be new government with were going to be there, and always re- Is the Senator from North Dakota respect to the American taxpayers and assured us that it was going to be paid suggesting a quorum call? to the sacrifice that our American men for with the revenues from Iraqi oil Mr. DORGAN. Yes. I suggest the ab- and women in uniform have made for once it began flowing, to where we can- sence of a quorum. Iraq’s freedom. not even ask for any kind of repay- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The The administration argues that this ment. clerk will call the roll. $20 billion must be given in grants and The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- The assistant legislative clerk pro- not loans. The logic escapes me. Part ator has consumed the 8 minutes yield- ceeded to call the roll. of this money will go to rebuild the oil ed to her. Mrs. CLINTON. Mr. President, I ask industry of Iraq. There are estimates Mrs. CLINTON. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for ranging from hundreds of billions of unanimous consent for 1 additional the quorum call be rescinded. barrels of recoverable oil to a trillion. minute. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without There is no doubt that if we get this oil The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without objection, it is so ordered. industry up and going, Iraq stands to objection, it is so ordered. Mr. DORGAN. I yield 8 minutes to be one of the richest nations in the Mrs. CLINTON. I strongly support the Senator from New York. world. The per capita income can be ex- the Dorgan amendment. I think it is Mrs. CLINTON. Mr. President, I come pected to shoot past most of the rest of the right thing for Iraq. I think it is to the Senate in support of the Dorgan the inhabitants of this globe. And I am the right thing for our country. It sets amendment to this supplemental ap- all for it. That is wonderful. But not at the right tone about how we are going propriations. I come also having been the expense of the American taxpayer to be dealing with this situation going the beneficiary of the week-long recess, and not at the expense of an increasing forward. It lays down a marker that we traveling throughout my State talking deficit and debt burden on our children. are willing to shoulder this burden, but to many people, hearing what is on I am wondering how we can justify we expect at some point in the future their minds, trying to answer their putting money in a grant to rebuild an for the American taxpayers of this or questions and drawing some conclu- oil industry that will start producing the next generation to be given some sions about where we stand in our revenues that will then be used in part repayment opportunity from a new na- country on the important issue con- to pay back nations in the gulf and in tion that we helped to create that, cerning the mission in Iraq and the Europe and elsewhere who have lent hopefully, will have the kind of future President’s request for $87 billion. I tens of billions of dollars to the former we are counting on and that many of us talked with New Yorkers from Syra- regime to do things like build palaces. support. cuse to Staten Island. At every stop, I Those who worked with, collaborated Mr. President, I yield the floor. had questions and concerns expressed with, and supported the Saddam Hus- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who about this request for $87 billion. sein regime could conceivably be paid yields time? New Yorkers are concerned that this back from the fruits of the labor of Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, I sug- money is being asked for and will be American taxpayers who have gotten gest the absence of a quorum. spent with no real plan for how we the oil flowing again. I, for one, cannot The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- move toward the goal in Iraq to create explain that in any audience I find my- ator from North Dakota no longer has an independent, functioning govern- self. adequate time to suggest the absence ment that is able to stabilize the situa- Some in the administration have ar- of a quorum. tion there with adequate security, gued our aid to Iraq is analogous to the The Senator from Mississippi. begin providing services to the Iraqi Marshall plan. But, of course, we know Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. President, I sug- people, and move toward self-suffi- it is not. gest the absence of a quorum. ciency. That is a good rhetorical point to The PRESIDING OFFICER. The I also was faced with many questions make, but it is not historically accu- clerk will call the roll. about how we intend to pay for our rate. The U.S. did provide funds to both The assistant legislative clerk pro- commitment to Iraq and to our mili- allies and enemies after World War II ceeded to call the roll. tary forces since we are faced with based on a matching program of con- Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. President, I ask record deficits and increasing debt. tributions from those nations. We did unanimous consent that the order for Time and time again, I heard my con- not offer reconstruction funds without the quorum call be rescinded. stituents echo the concerns of the sen- qualification. We required a commit- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ior Senator from Florida, Mr. GRAHAM, ment for some contribution from the objection, it is so ordered. who pointed out eloquently in the Sen- receiving nation. Mr. COCHRAN. I yield 10 minutes to ate a short while ago how in effect we I saw a list of talking points distrib- the distinguished Senator from Ari- are asking our children and their gen- uted by the administration, apparently zona, Mr. MCCAIN.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:24 Jan 14, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00038 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2003SENATE\S14OC3.REC S14OC3 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY October 14, 2003 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S12519 The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- areas and slaughtered thousands of ple. We are a great and generous na- ator from Arizona. people as he reasserted his grip on tion. We have proven that time after Mr. MCCAIN. Mr. President, I rise in power. I have seen one of the mass time after time. I think it is time for opposition to the Dorgan amendment. graves. No, Saddam Hussein, they are this body to express that generosity, It is unwise and uncharacteristic of the saying, was left in power by the United that commitment—which only the greatness and strength of America and States of America and allowed to free- United States has ever really dis- in many ways could increase the risk ly oppress the people of Iraq and bru- played—to freedom and democracy in that we may cause to young Americans tally repress and murder and commit Iraq and tell these people we are going who are fighting in defense of freedom unspeakable atrocities on the Iraqi to do everything we can to help rebuild in Iraq and trying to help that country people, when the United States told the their country, we will help them on the begin the process of democracy and a Iraqi people that he would be gone. road to freedom and democracy, and at free society. It is an extremely difficult They are also saying: Do you know the end of the day, years from now, task and one which will require a long why the economic conditions in Iraq that gratitude on the part of the Iraqi period of time. were so terrible all during the 1990s? Do people will be displayed to us in many I don’t share the view of some that you know why you have an airport out ways, that will far exceed any benefits the situation in Iraq is bright and won- here at Basra that is in mint condition that might be accrued from this being derful. I don’t agree with the opinion of but has never been used? Because of some kind of a loan that would be paid some others who think that things are American economic sanctions imposed back. in a very bad state. I think progress is through the United Nations on Iraq. I hope my colleagues will understand being made. In the northern part of Now the United States finally over- the seriousness of this issue. It won’t Iraq there is real stability. In the threw Saddam Hussein and they are stop us from going about the work of going to demand our oil. In return for southern part of Iraq there is signifi- securing the peace in Iraq, but it will money, they are going to take our oil, cant progress. set it back and it will send the wrong the oil which we need, we, the Iraqi All you have to do is pick up a news- signal at the wrong time about the people, in order to rebuild the infra- paper or turn on the television or radio United States, true commitment in and hear that things are not so good in structure of our country. Mr. President, that argument is this country. some parts of the country, particularly Mr. President, too many young going to gain traction in some parts of in the area we refer to as the Sunni Americans have already made the su- Iraq—that the United States came for Triangle. Every day there is some kind the oil and now we are asking for them preme sacrifice for us to go back on of attack mounted against American to pay up. If we are concerned—and I that commitment now. troops, against installations, car I yield the floor. know we all are—about the lives and bombs. Our military leaders have stat- The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. safety of the young men and women ed that the attacks, primarily aimed at COCHRAN). The Senator from Mis- serving in Iraq in the military, I can American soldiers and installations, sissippi is recognized. tell you this will put them in greater are becoming more and more sophisti- Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. President, I yield danger. If the opponents—this unusual cated. myself such time as I may consume. combination of extremists and In my view—and my view is shared To refresh the memory of the Senate, Baathists and terrorists, and this un- by many others who are more expert it is good to look at the exact wording usual but lethal cocktail of opponents and more knowledgeable than I—the of this amendment that was offered by of Iraqi freedom—are given additional battle for the hearts and minds—dare I the Senator from North Dakota and propaganda, then I think it is going to use that phrase—in Iraq is still going others. The amendment provides that: be obviously very harmful to our effort on. We are winning that battle in some The President shall direct the head of the to democratize and free Iraq. parts of Iraq. In other parts, it is still I ask my colleagues to consider the Coalition Provisional Authority in Iraq, in up for grabs. coordination with the Governing Council of fact there is no possibility that the Iraq or a successor governing authority in Those who are the former Baathists, Iraqi people and government—when it the terrorists, the extremists, this Iraq, to establish an Iraq Reconstruction Fi- comes into being—could pay back any nance Authority. The purpose of the Author- rather unusual combination of oppo- debt in the short term. It is not pos- ity shall be to obtain financing for the recon- nents of the United States and oppo- sible. If we want to condition future struction of the infrastructure in Iraq by nents of the democratization of Iraq, aid at a future time on a loan, or some collateralizing the revenue from future sales are echoing a similar theme: The kind of repayment, then I think it of oil extracted in Iraq. The Authority shall United States is not in Iraq to free the should be discussed and debated given obtain financing for the reconstruction of Iraqi people. The United States is in the infrastructure in Iraq through the climate of the times at that time. (1)(A) issuing securities or other financial Iraq for the oil. But to at this moment in time, when That theme is being echoed and re- instruments; or we still have not gained the support of (B) obtaining loans on the open market echoed throughout the Middle East, the Iraqi people that we need not only from private banks or international finan- not just in Iraq but in every extremist to ensure further democratization and cial institutions; and Muslim madras in the Middle East, freedom of Iraq—to protect the lives of (2) to the maximum extent possible, every dictatorship, in every oppressive the young men and women who are securitizing or collateralizing such securi- regime that recognizes if democracy serving so nobly in Iraq, let’s not do it ties, instruments, or loans with the revenue from the future sales of oil extracted in Iraq. and freedom comes to Iraq, then their at this time. Let’s reject this amend- days are numbered, they are through, ment. My personal impression from the they are finished because we can prove I don’t impugn the motives or the pa- reading of this amendment is that the in Iraq that democracy and a free and triotism of the sponsors of this amend- $21 billion that is struck from the bill open society can grow and prosper any- ment. I think it is hard to answer to by this provision—because the amend- where in the world, including the Mid- our constituents why we are spending ment begins by striking that $21 billion dle East. so much money there and not getting and substituting this provision that I Here is what they are saying. They it back. I understand that and sym- just read. My impression is that this is are saying: Here is the history of the pathize with that argument. One of my smoke and mirrors, pure and simple. United States involvement with Iraq. colleagues recently talked with great What the amendment would really do All during the 1980s, the United States emotion about the loss of jobs in his would be to prevent making available Government propped up Saddam Hus- State. These are all compelling prob- to the Coalition Provisional Authority, sein and did a lot of business with him. lems. But I don’t see how anyone could trying to guarantee the reconstruction He had a war with Iran. We took his argue coherently that, at this moment, of Iraq and the possibility for the Iraqi side in the war with Iran. In 1991, in the to send the wrong signal would be the people to live in peace and security and gulf war, we defeated Saddam Hussein right thing to do to achieve any of in an environment where democracy soundly and we told the Iraqi people those goals. would be possible, self-government that he would be gone. He wasn’t gone. I repeat that the battle is still on for probable—that you could do it for In fact, he went into these very same the hearts and minds of the Iraqi peo- nothing. That is what the assumption

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:24 Jan 14, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00039 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2003SENATE\S14OC3.REC S14OC3 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S12520 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 14, 2003 is that underlies this amendment. The in charge of the military operation said: This is like smoke and mirrors. In assumption is that you can do it for there, all in support not just of the fact, there is so much smoke; you can’t nothing. No private bank is going to military aspect, the $80 billion plus for even find the mirrors; you can’t see the make a loan in the environment that military activity in direct support of mirrors. exists today in Iraq, with the threats our military forces, but the additional I am not trying to be too cute. I don’t to the security of the people who are funds which are the target of this want to try to create that impression, cooperating in the reconstruction of amendment. but I am very serious in my suggestion Iraq, the threats to the Iraqi people Schools have started throughout that it would be a big mistake if we who are cooperating with the coalition Iraq. Hospitals have been reopened adopted this amendment. I hope the to reconstruct Iraq—as they are. Peo- throughout Iraq. That will all come to Senate will reject the amendment. The ple are being shot at in the streets. an end. The continuation of the recov- committee looked very carefully at the There is an atmosphere where there is ery effort and the progress being made amendment when it was offered in our a great deal of fear and suspicion. will be put in jeopardy if these funds markup session and rejected the We have to, if we are to succeed in are not approved. amendment. helping create this new Iraq—which I Not only are banks unwilling to Ms. LANDRIEU. Will the Senator applaud the President for trying to do; make direct loans to this new govern- yield for a question? it will be a contribution to the peace ment under the security situation that Mr. COCHRAN. I am hopeful, as we and stability of not only that region now exists, but nobody will securitize proceed to a final discussion, that the but the world, in my opinion. If we or collateralize future revenues from Senate will look at the testimony we want to support the President’s efforts, any source, oil or anything else. To as- had before our committee, consider we will vote against this amendment sume this oil has a great monetary carefully the implications of denying and permit the funds that were ap- value right now to anybody is just a these funds to the administration and proved by the Appropriations Com- false assumption. It is in the ground, the fact that it would contribute to a mittee when it rejected this amend- right, but it is not being produced. It is greater degree of instability in that ment in the committee after hearing not being transported or marketed in country with a greater degree of risk testimony from an array of witnesses sufficient quantities that anyone would for our troops who are now there, the who are familiar with the situation in be willing to take the risk of making a civilians who are there from some 30- Iraq. The committee recommended the loan to a provisional authority created odd countries trying to be helpful in approval of these funds—the total ap- at this time in Iraq. It is just not pos- the reconstruction of this country. It propriation asked for by the Presi- sible to expect that. would create a much more dangerous dent—for the military operations, the Nobody testified before our com- situation, and I don’t think we want to increase in the equipment, ammuni- mittee that I can remember saying be a party to that. That would be a re- tion, other resources that our troops that would be a good idea. I don’t re- sult, unintended of course, that would need to protect themselves and to call a single financial expert coming in flow from the adoption of this amend- carry out their mission and to bring it to dispute this administration’s rec- ment. to a successful conclusion. Those funds ommendation that funds be made I reserve the remainder of the time are included in this bill, but also addi- available to help reconstruct the ca- on our side. tional funds that are the target of this pacity to produce oil and to get Iraq’s The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who amendment, which will help in the re- economy moving. Nobody suggested an yields time? construction and make it possible to alternative, certainly not this one. I Ms. LANDRIEU addressed the Chair. reconstruct the country so that the don’t recall hearing a witness. Maybe The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who people of Iraq can take care of them- in the time remaining to the Senator yields to the Senator from Louisiana? selves in a military sense, with officers from North Dakota he can cite that ef- Ms. LANDRIEU. I believe we have 11⁄2 involved in police activity, patrolling fort, he can cite that testimony. minutes. I wanted to ask the Sen- the streets to help guarantee that We heard political arguments preying ator—— those who are engaged in positive, con- on the suspicions of others, preying on The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who structive work there in Iraq can do so the political aspirations of others who yields time? with security and without fear of their may challenge the administration’s Ms. LANDRIEU. I ask unanimous lives. policies, and we can have that debate, consent to speak for 5 minutes. That is what the bill is for. That is but this is not a good substitute for the Mr. COCHRAN. Mr. President, I ob- the goal of the mission of our troops, provisions that we have in the bill ject. working with the other nations. Some today before the Senate. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Objec- 30 other nations are actively involved Ms. LANDRIEU. Will the Senator tion is heard. Who yields to the Sen- with people there, risking their lives yield? ator? trying to help this country rebuild Mr. COCHRAN. We have looked Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, how itself from the ravages of the Saddam through the administration’s request much time remains? Hussein regime. very carefully, and there were some The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- So if we vote for this amendment and disagreements about specific items. ator from North Dakota has 1 minute if we reject the decision the Appropria- The other body has completed action in 37 seconds. tions Committee made, we are putting its committee on this appropriations Mr. DORGAN. My hope had been the in jeopardy all of the effort and all of request, and there are some differences. normal courtesy of the Senate to have the investment that has gone on, all of We will have an opportunity in con- the offeror of the amendment close de- the risks taken by so many to make ference to look at some of the specific bate. That may not be possible because this a successful operation to help es- suggestions the House has made, and I of the strategy of the quorum call here, tablish an atmosphere for freedom, de- think they have made some good ones. so I don’t know what the intention of mocracy, self-government, for an econ- We will work together with our House the Senator from Mississippi is. In omy that can be successful in Iraq so colleagues and counterparts to prepare most cases, those who offer the amend- that we can see our direct support of a conference report that we hope will ment are allowed to close debate. I this new Coalition Provisional Author- meet the approval of the Senate, as hoped to do that for 5 minutes. If I am ity and the government that will be well as the House, and that the Presi- prevented from doing that, we will deal formed as a result of its efforts. dent can sign, and we can move for- with that at a later time. I am hopeful we will recognize the ward. But in the remaining time, I wish to fact that we had solid convincing testi- This is a smoke-and-mirrors amend- make one point. The Senator from Mis- mony before our committee at the ment, Mr. President, purely and sim- sissippi says he didn’t hear any wit- hearings. Ambassador Bremer testified, ply. You cannot have it both ways. As nesses describe this approach to recon- the Secretaries of State and Defense I remember, one of my good friends on struction. You know why they didn’t testified, and the Chairman of the the other side, after looking at a pro- hear any witnesses? Because Senator Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Abizaid, posal that we had before us one time, BYRD asked again and again to bring

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:24 Jan 14, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00040 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2003SENATE\S14OC3.REC S14OC3 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY October 14, 2003 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S12521 witnesses before the committee and my The White House knows, as we do, Murkowski Shelby Sununu Nickles Smith Talent colleagues on the other side of the aisle that Iraq is in control of the second Roberts Snowe Thomas decided they would not allow it to hap- largest proven oil reserve on the planet Santorum Specter Voinovich pen. They would not allow other wit- and modern financing techniques will Sessions Stevens Warner nesses to come before the committee. allow Iraq to leverage these natural re- NAYS—39 So it is curious now to hear people sources to rebuild its nation. Akaka Durbin Lincoln complain about not hearing other wit- Senator DORGAN’s amendment encap- Baucus Feinstein Mikulski nesses when they, in fact, prevented sulates an idea that is proven and at Bayh Graham (FL) Murray them from testifying before the com- work all over the globe. The worldwide Bingaman Harkin Nelson (FL) Boxer Hollings Nelson (NE) mittee. securitization market is in excess of $2 Breaux Inouye Pryor I yield the floor, and reserve the re- trillion. Byrd Jeffords Reed mainder of my time. We have heard from several experts, Campbell Johnson Reid Clinton Kennedy Rockefeller Mrs. FEINSTEIN. Mr. President, as including the Export-Import Bank, Conrad Landrieu Sarbanes we continue to debate this supple- that securitization is workable and, in Corzine Lautenberg Schumer mental, we continue to find ourselves this case, desirable. Daschle Leahy Stabenow dancing around a very important ques- Securitization is the most legitimate Dorgan Levin Wyden tion that we’ve been asked—the one way to provide reconstruction dollars NOT VOTING—4 that Senator DORGAN raises today: how and to foster a sense of Iraqi ownership Edwards Kohl is reconstruction in Iraq to be paid for? in the outcome of this process of lib- Kerry Lieberman First, let me say that it is clear that eration, and I urge my colleagues to The motion was agreed to. we unequivocally support our troops support this amendment. Mr. STEVENS. I move to reconsider and nearly all of us support their mis- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who the vote and move to lay that motion sion. I voted to support the President yields time? Time will run equally on the table. in this effort a year ago this month and against both sides if no side yields The motion to lay on the table was continue to support our efforts to lib- time. agreed to. erate Iraq from the terror that con- The Senator from North Dakota. Mr. KENNEDY. Mr. President, I tinues to grip its citizens. Mr. DORGAN. Mr. President, can you strongly support the amendment of But, the answer to the question of tell me how much time is remaining? Senators DASCHLE and GRAHAM of cost is much less clear. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- South Carolina to close an unfortunate Last week I came to the Floor in sup- ator’s time has expired. All remaining and unacceptable gap in health insur- port of Senator BIDEN’s amendment to time is controlled by the Senator from ance coverage for families of Reserve rollback a small portion of the Presi- Mississippi. and Guard members called up for ac- dent’s May 2003 tax cut. Senator The PRESIDING OFFICER. The hour tive duty. The amendment is especially BIDEN’s amendment would have paid of 6:30 having arrived, the Senate will important now, when so many Reserve for this supplemental while protecting move to a vote in relation to the and Guard members are being called up every American from undue hardship. amendment of the Senator from North for duty in Iraq. That amendment failed to gain the Dakota. We all know that our Armed Forces necessary support that would have Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I move are stretched thin. They are paying a made it part of this supplemental. And, to table the amendment and ask for heavy price for the Bush administra- those who voted against that amend- the yeas and nays. tion’s gross miscalculation about Iraq. ment have yet to tell the rest of us how The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there a The burden is now falling heavily on it is that we can afford to spend $20 bil- sufficient second? the Reserve and National Guard as lion on Iraqi reconstruction and pass There appears to be a sufficient sec- well. Over 215,000 Guard and Reserve that cost onto our children. ond. men and women have not been mobi- So, as of today, we still have not fig- The question is on agreeing to the lized to ease the burden on our regular ured out how to pay for our efforts in motion to table amendment No. 1826. forces in Iraq and Afghanistan, and in Iraq. The clerk will call the roll. homeland security as well. For a moment, let us set aside the The legislative clerk called the roll. One challenge they should not have portion of the supplemental that I be- Mr. REID. I announce that the Sen- to face is maintaining health insurance lieve has nearly universal support here ator from North Carolina (Mr. for their families. The immediate prob- in the Senate—that being the portion lem is that, too few private employers EDWARDS), the Senator from Massachu- to pay for ongoing military operations. are willing to continue coverage for setts (Mr. KERRY), the Senator from Let us focus instead on that portion Guard and Reserve employees and fam- Wisconsin (Mr. KOHL), and the Senator of the supplemental that deals exclu- ily members when the employees are from Connecticut (Mr. LIEBERMAN) are sively with reconstruction in Iraq. necessarily absent. activated. The administration would like us to According to the General Accounting I further announce that, if present approve more than $20 billion for Office, nearly 80 percent of all reserv- and voting, the Senator from Massa- projects we all consider necessary for ists have health coverage through their chusetts (Mr. KERRY) would vote any fledgling nation, but should the jobs in the private sector. They far pre- ‘‘nay.’’ American public or the Iraqi people fer to continue that coverage when The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. TAL- pay for these types of improvements? they are activated. The military’s ENT.) Are there any other Senators in Should the American people be paying TRICARE coverage works well for the the Chamber desiring to vote? for pickup trucks, radios and computer reservists themselves when they are The result was announced—yeas 57, training? Remember, these are im- activated. But it is often not practical nays 39, as follows: provements that were, in large part, for their family members, since their needed prior to our arrival in Iraq. [Rollcall Vote No. 380 Leg.] homes are often too far from the mili- Let me be clear, I am not questioning YEAS—57 tary bases where the TRICARE doctors the need for these improvements, but Alexander Coleman Frist have their medical practices and doc- rather who ultimately pays for them. Allard Collins Graham (SC) tors in the area near their homes often Allen Cornyn Grassley In February 2003, and on at least Bennett Craig Gregg do not accept TRICARE coverage. three other occasions, we were told by Biden Crapo Hagel Even when TRICARE coverage makes the White House that ‘‘Iraq, unlike Af- Bond Dayton Hatch sense, it is often difficult to transfer to Brownback DeWine Hutchison ghanistan, is a rather wealthy country. Bunning Dodd Inhofe TRICARE for a year and then transfer Iraq has tremendous resources that be- Burns Dole Kyl back to their employer-sponsored plan long to the Iraqi people. And so there Cantwell Domenici Lott after their deactivation, especially if are a variety of means that Iraq has to Carper Ensign Lugar they have a so-called preexisting condi- Chafee Enzi McCain be able to shoulder much of the burden Chambliss Feingold McConnell tion that could make them uninsur- for their own reconstruction.’’ Cochran Fitzgerald Miller able.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:24 Jan 14, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00041 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2003SENATE\S14OC3.REC S14OC3 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S12522 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 14, 2003 I recently met with an Air Force set aside, and the clerk will report the (2) RETROACTIVE BENEFITS.—No benefits family in Boston who had lost their amendment. may be paid to any person by reason of sec- health care as a result of the mobiliza- The assistant legislative clerk read tion 1414 of title 10, United States Code, as tion for Iraq. The family joined as follows: amended by subsection (a), for any period be- fore the effective date under paragraph (1). TRICARE, but few physicians and even The Senator from Nevada [Mr. REID], for AMENDMENT NO. 1836 fewer specialists were willing to take himself and Mrs. LINCOLN, proposes an their insurance. amendment numbered 1835. Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- Clearly, we need to do more to guar- Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- imous consent that the pending amend- antee that good health insurance cov- imous consent that reading of the ment be set aside, and I send another erage is available. All our military amendment be dispensed with. amendment to the desk. families, including members of the Re- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without serve and Guard deserve good coverage. objection, it is so ordered. objection, the clerk will report the We need to do everything we can to The amendment is as follows: amendment. avoid unnecessary upheaval in the lives (Purpose: To permit retired members of the The legislative clerk read as follows: of these families who are sacrificing so Armed Forces who have a service-con- The Senator from Nevada [Mr. REID] pro- much for our country. nected disability to receive both military poses an amendment numbered 1836. I thank my colleagues for their sup- retired pay by reason of their years of mili- Mr. REID. Mr. President, I ask unan- port of this proposal to make tary service and disability compensation imous consent that reading of the from the Department of Veterans Affairs TRICARE available to Reserve and for their disability) amendment be dispensed with. Guard personnel and their families. It At the end of title I, add the following: The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without is a problem we should have corrected SEC. 316. (a) RESTORATION OF FULL RETIRED objection, it is so ordered. long before now and we could have PAY BENEFITS.—Section 1414 of title 10, The amendment is as follows: avoided this sudden crisis for so many United States Code, is amended to read as (Purpose: To express the sense of Congress of these families. follows: on damages caused by the regime of Sad- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ‘‘§ 1414. Members eligible for retired pay who dam Hussein during the First Gulf War) ator from Alaska. have service-connected disabilities: pay- On page 22, between lines 12 and 13, insert Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I ment of retired pay and veterans’ disability the following new section: would like to yield to the Senator from compensation SEC. 316. (a) Congress makes the following Nevada for purposes of offering some ‘‘(a) PAYMENT OF BOTH RETIRED PAY AND findings: amendments, and then I would like to COMPENSATION.—Except as provided in sub- (1) During Operation Desert Shield and Op- get a time agreement, if we can, on the section (b), a member or former member of eration Desert Storm (in this section, collec- tively referred to as the ‘‘First Gulf War’’), amendments that we are going to lay the uniformed services who is entitled to re- tired pay (other than as specified in sub- the regime of Saddam Hussein committed down and debate tonight. section (c)) and who is also entitled to vet- grave human rights abuses and acts of ter- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- erans’ disability compensation is entitled to rorism against the people of Iraq and citizens ator from Nevada. be paid both without regard to sections 5304 of the United States. Mr. REID. Mr. President, if I could and 5305 of title 38. (2) United States citizens who were taken respond to my friend, the manager of ‘‘(b) SPECIAL RULE FOR CHAPTER 61 CAREER prisoner by the regime of Saddam Hussein the bill, I am going to send a couple RETIREES.—The retired pay of a member re- during the First Gulf War were brutally tor- amendments to the desk. Thereafter, tired under chapter 61 of this title with 20 tured and forced to endure severe physical years or more of service otherwise creditable trauma and emotional abuse. Senator CORZINE is going to offer an under section 1405 of this title at the time of (3) The regime of Saddam Hussein used ci- amendment, and he wishes 12 minutes the member’s retirement is subject to reduc- vilian citizens of the United States who were tonight. The Senator from Rhode Is- tion under sections 5304 and 5305 of title 38, working in the Persian Gulf region before land, Mr. REED, is going to offer an but only to the extent that the amount of and during the First Gulf War as so-called amendment. He is going to speak for up the member’s retired pay under chapter 61 of human shields, threatening the personal to 20 minutes. this title exceeds the amount of retired pay safety and emotional well-being of such ci- Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, we are to which the member would have been enti- vilians. preparing a unanimous consent re- tled under any other provision of law based (4) Congress has recognized and authorized quest. May we—— upon the member’s service in the uniformed the right of United States citizens, including Mr. REID. Mr. President, I am ad- services if the member had not been retired prisoners of war, to hold terrorist states, under chapter 61 of this title. such as Iraq during the regime of Saddam URBIN vised Senator D wants to lay ‘‘(c) EXCEPTION.—Subsection (a) does not Hussein, liable for injuries caused by such down an amendment following Senator apply to a member retired under chapter 61 states. REED and wants to speak for 10 min- of this title with less than 20 years of service (5) The United States district courts are utes. otherwise creditable under section 1405 of authorized to adjudicate cases brought by in- Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I this title at the time of the member’s retire- dividuals injured by terrorist states. would like to start the process of hav- ment. (b) It is the sense of Congress that— ing amendments offered from this side, ‘‘(d) DEFINITIONS.—In this section: (1) notwithstanding section 1503 of the too. So we are going to have two from ‘‘(1) The term ‘retired pay’ includes re- Emergency Wartime Supplemental Appro- tainer pay, emergency officers’ retirement priations Act, 2003 (Public Law 108–11; 117 that side. Can we reserve a time for pay, and naval pension. Stat. 579) and any other provision of law, a people to offer amendments over here ‘‘(2) The term ‘veterans’ disability com- citizen of the United States who was a pris- and decide about—I do not have any pensation’ has the meaning given the term oner of war or who was used by the regime of problem with Senator DURBIN offering ‘compensation’ in section 101(13) of title 38.’’. Saddam Hussein and by Iraq as a so-called an amendment, but the order of pre- (b) REPEAL OF SPECIAL COMPENSATION PRO- human shield during the First Gulf War senting them we will decide tomorrow. GRAMS.—Sections 1413 and 1413a of such title should have the opportunity to have any Mr. DURBIN. Absolutely. are repealed. claim for damages caused by the regime of Mr. STEVENS. Let me yield to the (c) CLERICAL AMENDMENT.—The table of Saddam Hussein and by Iraq incurred by sections at the beginning of such chapter is Senator to offer amendments. such citizen fully adjudicated in the appro- amended by striking the items relating to priate United States district court; And may I ask Senator CORZINE to sections 1413, 1413a, and 1414 and inserting (2) any judgment for such damages award- hold off until we get an agreement con- the following: ed to such citizen, or the family of such cit- cerning these two amendments we are ‘‘1414. Members eligible for retired pay who izen, should be fully enforced; and going to consider? have service-connected disabil- (3) the Attorney General should enter into The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ities: payment of retired pay negotiations with each such citizen, or the ator from Nevada is recognized. and veterans’ disability com- family of each such citizen, to develop a fair AMENDMENT NO. 1835 pensation.’’. and reasonable method of providing com- Mr. REID. Mr. President, I send an (d) EFFECTIVE DATE; PROHIBITION ON RET- pensation for the damages each such citizen ROACTIVE BENEFITS.— incurred, including using assets of the re- amendment to the desk on behalf of (1) IN GENERAL.—The amendments made by gime of Saddam Hussein held by the Govern- Senator REID and Senator LINCOLN. this section shall take effect on the first day ment of the United States or any other ap- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without of the first month that begins after the date propriate sources to provide such compensa- objection, the pending amendments are of the enactment of this Act. tion.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:24 Jan 14, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00042 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2003SENATE\S14OC3.REC S14OC3 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY October 14, 2003 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S12523 Mr. REID. Mr. President, there is a The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Reserve, more of a demand than has unanimous consent request being typed objection, it is so ordered. ever been the case in our Nation’s his- now, but for the information of Sen- The amendment is as follows: tory. Today more than 200,000 reserv- ators, what we would like to do tonight (Purpose: To amend title 10, United States ists have been called up to serve their on the first two amendments we have Code, to reduce the age for receipt of mili- country in the war on terrorism, and spoken about, the Corzine and Reed tary retired pay for nonregular service 170,000 of these reservists and Guard amendments—the majority has had an from 60 to 55) troops are now on active duty, here at opportunity to review those amend- On page 22, between lines 12 and 13, insert home and abroad. America’s depend- ments. They know what is in those. I the following: ence on our Ready Reserve has never SEC. 316. (a) Section 12731(a)(1) of title 10, do not think we are in a position at United States Code, is amended by striking been more transparent to the American this time to make an agreement on the ‘‘at least 60 years of age’’ and inserting ‘‘at people. Reservists are now providing amendment by the Senator from Illi- least 55 years of age’’. security at our Nation’s airports, and nois because they have not seen his (b) With respect to any provision of law, or they patrol the air over our major cit- amendment. of any policy, regulation, or directive of the ies. They provide caps, protection. Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, I have executive branch, that refers to a member or With call-ups that last several no problem with Senator CORZINE, Sen- former member of the uniformed services as months and take reservists far from ator REED, and Senator DURBIN offer- being eligible for, or entitled to, retired pay home in serving our Nation, it is in- ing their amendments, but in the line under chapter 1223 of title 10, United States Code, but for the fact that the member or creasingly clear that reservists are per- here of being pending, of amendments former member is under 60 years of age, such forming the same role as those on ac- being set aside temporarily, I would provision shall be carried out with respect to tive duty and any other service. Before like the right tomorrow to suggest the that member or former member by sub- the war on terrorism, reservists were order in which these will be presented stituting for the reference to being 60 years performing 13 million man-days each following the votes on Senator of age a reference to the age in effect for year—get the idea of how big that is— CORZINE’s and Senator REED’s amend- qualification for such retired pay under sec- more than a tenfold increase over the 1 ments. tion 12731(a) of title 10, United States Code, million man-days the Reserves aver- Mr. REID. I think that is appro- as amended by subsection (a). (c) The amendment made by subsection (a) aged just 10 years ago. It has moved priate. dramatically, even before the war on Mr. STEVENS. It is just an under- shall take effect on the first day of the first month beginning on or after the date of the terrorism began. standing. I do not ask unanimous con- enactment of this Act and shall apply to re- In fiscal year 2002, reservists contrib- sent. tired pay payable for that month and subse- uted 41 million man-days. And this Mr. President, I now ask unanimous quent months. year, in fiscal year 2003, that number consent that when the Senate resumes Mr. CORZINE. Mr. President, on be- will be up again. So we are using our consideration of the Iraq supplemental half of myself and Senator DURBIN, and Reserve Forces dramatically more than on Wednesday, there be 4 minutes hopefully others, this amendment is was ever the case in the history of the equally divided prior to the vote in re- designed to reduce the retirement age Reserve and Guard units. These people lation to the Corzine amendment No. for members of the National Guard and are on active duty for an increasing 1811; provided further that following Reserves from 60 to 55. This change amount of time, particularly as we jus- that vote there be 7 minutes for debate would allow for an estimated 92,000 re- tify and move forward with the war on in relation to the Reed amendment No. servists, currently age 55 to 59, to re- terrorism. These are staggering in- 1834, with 5 minutes under the control tire with full benefits and would re- creases. Those defenders of the Amer- of Senator REED and 2 minutes under store parity between the retirement ican people should have that recog- the control of the chairman; further, systems for Federal civilian employees nized by shortening their time before that following that debate the Senate they are eligible for retirement. In my proceed to a vote in relation to the and reservists. Just to refresh my colleagues’ mem- view, with additional responsibility Reed amendment, with no amendments ory, regular military personnel can re- should come additional benefits. in order to either amendment prior to tire after 20 years of service regardless I know this proposal is not without the votes. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without of their age—38, 48, 55, or 60—and re- cost. But not improving the reservists’ objection, it is so ordered. ceive their retirement benefits at the benefits also will have a cost, poten- Mr. STEVENS. Mr. President, as I time of retirement. As we reflect on tially a severe cost. After all, in recent understand it, we have announced the demands placed on our soldiers in years we have seen our military strug- there will be no more votes tonight. Iraq, particularly our Reserve and gling to meet recruitment and reten- Senator CORZINE will offer his amend- Guard forces—of which there are tion goals. It has been even more se- ment first, and then Senator REED will roughly 20,000 in theater—there is no vere sometimes with our Guard and Re- offer his amendment. We will vote on more appropriate time to consider this serve. That has improved somewhat those amendments tomorrow. I am in- important proposal to support these after 9/11. But unless the overall pack- formed there probably will be a morn- brave men and women. age of incentives is enhanced, there is ing hour after our convening at about As a matter of basic fairness, it is little reason to believe we will be able 9:30. We will announce that schedule only right to restore parity between to attract and retain highly trained later. That means the first vote will the retirement age for civilian employ- Reserve personnel over the long run, take place sometime around 10:40. ees and their Reserve counterparts. particularly as their deployments and The PRESIDING OFFICER. Who When the Reserve retirement system the number of man-hours has in- seeks recognition? was created in 1947, the retirement age creased. The Senator from New Jersey. for reservists was identical to the age Active-duty military personnel have AMENDMENT NO. 1811 for civilian employees. At age 60, re- often looked to the Reserves as a way Mr. CORZINE. Mr. President, I ask servists and Government employees to continue to serve their country unanimous consent to lay aside the could hang up their uniforms and retire while being closer to their families. We pending amendment, and I call up with full benefits. However, since 1947, have been drawing people out of the ac- amendment No. 1811. the retirement age for civilian retirees tive military into the Reserve. With The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without has been lowered by 5 years while the thousands of dollars invested in train- objection, it is so ordered. The clerk retirement age has not changed for re- ing active-duty officers and enlisted will report the amendment. servists and guards. soldiers, the United States benefits tre- The legislative clerk read as follows: The disparate treatment of Federal mendously when personnel decide to The Senator from New Jersey [Mr. employees and reservists would have continue with the Reserves. But with CORZINE] proposes an amendment numbered been serious enough had the nature of Reserve deployments increasing in fre- 1811. the work performed by the reservists quency and duration, pulling reservists Mr. CORZINE. Mr. President, I ask been steady over the past five decades, away from their families and civilian unanimous consent that reading of the but today this country places an in- life, imposing real hardships on those amendment be dispensed with. creasingly heavy demand on its Ready families, the advantage in joining the

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:24 Jan 14, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00043 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2003SENATE\S14OC3.REC S14OC3 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S12524 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 14, 2003 Reserves has been dramatically re- AMENDMENT NO. 1837 an employee may report or apply for employ- duced. There is no question about that. Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I send ment or reemployment following completion The more we depend on the Reserves, an amendment to the desk. of the service on active duty to which called the greater chance we have of losing The PRESIDING OFFICER. The or ordered as described in subsection (a). ‘‘(c) Any amount payable under this sec- highly trained former active-duty serv- clerk will report. The legislative clerk read as follows: tion to an employee shall be paid— ice men and women and a number of ‘‘(1) by such employee’s employing agency; people who have just joined the Active The Senator from Illinois [Mr. DURBIN], for ‘‘(2) from the appropriation or fund which Reserve because they thought it was a himself, Ms. MIKULSKI, and Mr. CORZINE, pro- would be used to pay the employee if such way they could supplement income and poses an amendment numbered 1837. employee were in a pay status; and be involved in supporting our Nation. Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I ask ‘‘(3) to the extent practicable, at the same In my view, the added incentive of unanimous consent that further read- time and in the same manner as would basic full retirement at 55 might provide just ing of the amendment be dispensed pay if such employee’s civilian employment had not been interrupted. the inducement some of them need to with. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ‘‘(d) The Office of Personnel Management stay on despite the surge in deploy- shall, in consultation with Secretary of De- ments. By the way, to illustrate, in the objection, it is so ordered. The amendment is as follows: fense, prescribe any regulations necessary to period 1953 to 1990, there were 11 de- carry out the preceding provisions of this ployments of reservists and guards. Be- (Purpose: To ensure that a Federal employee section. who takes leave without pay in order to ‘‘(e)(1) The head of each agency referred to tween 1991 and 2001, there have been 50 perform certain service as a member of the deployments of reservists and guards. in section 2302(a)(2)(C)(ii) shall, in consulta- uniformed services or member of the Na- tion with the Office, prescribe procedures to Now those numbers are accelerating as tional Guard shall continue to receive pay ensure that the rights under this section we take on this war on terrorism. in an amount which, when taken together apply to the employees of such agency. It is an enormous change in how we with the pay and allowances such indi- ‘‘(2) The Administrator of the Federal are utilizing our Reserve Forces. I hear vidual is receiving for such service, will be Aviation Administration shall, in consulta- from the guards and reservists in New no less than the basic pay such individual tion with the Office, prescribe procedures to Jersey to whom I spoke directly that would then be receiving if no interruption ensure that the rights under this section in employment had occurred) one of those things they are most in- apply to the employees of that agency. At the appropriate place, insert the fol- ‘‘(f) In this section— terested in is seeing a shortening of the lowing: ‘‘(1) the terms ‘employee’, ‘Federal Govern- period before they have access to re- SEC. ll. (a) SHORT TITLE.—This section ment’, and ‘uniformed services’ have the tirement benefits. It will make a big may be cited as the ‘‘Reservists Pay Secu- same respective meanings as given them in difference in their lives. They consider rity Act of 2003’’. section 4303 of title 38; it important. (b) NONREDUCTION IN PAY WHILE FEDERAL ‘‘(2) the term ‘employing agency’, as used Enacting this legislation will send a EMPLOYEE IS PERFORMING ACTIVE SERVICE IN with respect to an employee entitled to any clear message that our Nation values THE UNIFORMED SERVICES OR NATIONAL payments under this section, means the GUARD.— agency or other entity of the Government the increased sacrifice of our reservists (1) IN GENERAL.—Subchapter IV of chapter during this trying time. This proposal (including an agency referred to in section 55 of title 5, United States Code, is amended 2302(a)(2)(C)(ii)) with respect to which such has been endorsed by key members of a by adding at the end the following: employee has reemployment rights under broad military coalition, including the ‘‘§ 5538. Nonreduction in pay while serving in chapter 43 of title 38; and Reserve Officers Association, Veterans the uniformed services or National Guard ‘‘(3) the term ‘basic pay’ includes any of Foreign Wars, the Air Force Ser- ‘‘(a) An employee who is absent from a po- amount payable under section 5304.’’. geants Association, the Air Force Asso- sition of employment with the Federal Gov- (2) TECHNICAL AND CONFORMING AMEND- ciation, and Retired Enlisted Associa- ernment in order to perform active duty in MENT.—The table of sections for chapter 55 of tion, the Fleet Reserve Association, the uniformed services pursuant to a call or title 5, United States Code, is amended by in- the Naval Reserve Association, and the order to active duty under a provision of law serting after the item relating to section 5537 referred to in section 101(a)(13)(B) of title 10 the following: National Guard Association. All of the shall be entitled, while serving on active ‘‘5538. Nonreduction in pay while serving in groups that represent these individuals duty, to receive, for each pay period de- the uniformed services or Na- in our system are strongly supporting scribed in subsection (b), an amount equal to tional Guard.’’. this initiative. It would restore parity the amount by which— (3) EFFECTIVE PERIOD.—The amendments ‘‘(1) the amount of basic pay which would between the Reserves retirement sys- made by this section shall apply with respect otherwise have been payable to such em- tem of our Guard and Reserve and the to pay periods (as described in section 5538(b) ployee for such pay period if such employee’s civilian retirement system, acknowl- of title 5, United States Code, as amended by civilian employment with the Government this section) beginning on or after the date edge the increased workload of reserv- had not been interrupted by that service, ex- of enactment of this section and ending Sep- ists, and provide essential personnel ceeds (if at all) tember 30, 2004. with the inducement to join and stay ‘‘(2) the amount of pay and allowances in the Reserves until retirement. which (as determined under subsection (d))— Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I thank I do hope my colleagues will support ‘‘(A) is payable to such employee for that my colleague, who is a Boston Red Sox this amendment. This is the appro- service; and fan, for allowing me an opportunity to priate time given what kind of chal- ‘‘(B) is allocable to such pay period. present this amendment so I can watch lenge we are laying down for our Na- ‘‘(b)(1) Amounts under this section shall be the Cubs in a few minutes. I owe him payable with respect to each pay period tional Guard and Reserve across this (which would otherwise apply if the employ- big for this one. country. We have increased their re- ee’s civilian employment had not been inter- This amendment takes into consider- sponsibilities. We have put severe chal- rupted)— ation that we have 1.2 million members lenges in front of them and their fami- ‘‘(A) during which such employee is enti- of the National Guard and Reserve. Of lies, and it is our responsibility, in my tled to reemployment rights under chapter that number, some 120,000 are also Fed- view, to recognize that and to address 43 of title 38 with respect to the position eral employees—10 percent of the Na- it. I think one of the best ways to do from which such employee is absent (as re- tional Guard and Reserve—and 14,000 of ferred to in subsection (a)); and the Federal employees are currently that is to reduce the retirement age for ‘‘(B) for which such employee does not oth- the Reserve and the Guard. erwise receive basic pay (including by taking mobilized and serve on active duty. I hope my colleagues will join me in any annual, military, or other paid leave) to All across the United States, States, supporting this amendment. which such employee is entitled by virtue of local governments, and private cor- With that, I yield the floor. such employee’s civilian employment with porations have said to the men and Mr. DURBIN. Mr. President, I ask the Government. women in the Reserve and Guard: If unanimous consent to be allowed to ‘‘(2) For purposes of this section, the period you are activated and mobilized, we speak for 5 minutes and lay down an during which an employee is entitled to re- will hold you harmless in terms of your employment rights under chapter 43 of title salary. We will make up the difference amendment out of line before giving 38— the floor to Senator REED, who will do ‘‘(A) shall be determined disregarding the between your military pay and what the same with his amendment. provisions of section 4312(d) of title 38; and you would have made at home so that The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without ‘‘(B) shall include any period of time speci- your family won’t suffer a hardship and objection, it is so ordered. fied in section 4312(e) of title 38 within which have to make a sacrifice.

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:24 Jan 14, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00044 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2003SENATE\S14OC3.REC S14OC3 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY October 14, 2003 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S12525 Sadly, we do not make the same con- in any other military occupational specialty Army was too small for the missions with cession for Federal employees. My Re- that is appropriate for constabulary duty. which it was charged—a fact reported by servist Pay Security Act of 2003 is leg- (c) Of the amount appropriated under chap- both the Secretary and Chief of Staff of the ter 1 of this title for the Iraq Freedom Fund, islation that will help alleviate the Army in congressional testimony of that $409,000,000 shall be available for necessary year. problems faced by many Federal em- expenses for the additional personnel author- On September 11, Army mission require- ployees who serve in the Reserves and ized under subsection (a). ments grew significantly; the Army did not. must take time off from their jobs Mr. REED. Mr. President, I offer this It instead begins the expending of it and es- tablishes the need to begin planning for the when our Nation calls. It allows these amendment with Senator HAGEL of Ne- replacement of that which is being used up. citizen-soldiers to maintain their nor- braska. It would increase the end mal salary when called to active serv- strength of our Army so we can deal General Kroesen, a distinguished sol- ice by requiring Federal agencies to with the increasing turbulence dier, commanded the 82nd Airborne Di- make up the difference. throughout the world that we have vision when I served as a young lieu- This amendment is affordable. A re- been confronting since 9/11—indeed be- tenant. His insights are both profound cent Department of Defense survey of fore then. and to me compelling. 35,000 reservists found that 41 percent Our military forces are without Again, these words from General lost income during mobilization and equal. They combine superb technology Kroesen were written before Operation deployment, while 59 percent either with bravery and devotion to the Na- Iraqi Freedom and before we found our- broke even or increased their income tion. They are well led, particularly by selves in a prolonged and costly effort on active duty. Of those who reported extraordinary noncommissioned offi- to defeat an insurgency and rebuild a losing income, most—70 percent—said cers and junior officers. These qualities nation. The added stress of Iraq has their income was reduced by $3,750 or extend to both Active and Reserve made the acute absolutely critical. James Kitfield of the National Jour- less while serving on active duty. components. History has never seen nal wrote an insightful analysis of the Based on CBO estimates, this meas- such a formidable force. However, his- stresses affecting the Army. He points ure to protect the income of Federal tory is replete with examples of superb out how this breakneck operational employees who are activated and mobi- military forces worn down because tempo is imposing great burdens lized in Guard and Reserve units would they were overextended. cost us approximately $75 million for Today, that danger is approaching throughout the Army. In his words: the next fiscal year. That seems like a our Army as it copes with worldwide To understand why, shift the focus from very small amount in an $87 billion individual soldiers to major units such as the commitments and the difficult chal- 82nd Airborne Division. Traditionally Amer- supplemental. lenge of a violent insurgency in Iraq I think we need to provide these Re- ica’s quick reaction division, the 82nd cur- and a resurgence of the Taliban in Af- rently has a brigade in Iraq and another in serve employees financial support so ghanistan. Afghanistan. The 3rd Brigade of the 82nd Air- they can leave their civilian lives and This chart depicts the deployment of borne, however, is the one that most con- serve our country without the added soldiers. There are 325,000 soldiers in cerns Army planners. After leaving Afghani- burden on their families. 120 countries. In Iraq, there are about stan earlier this year, the 3rd Brigade was I yield the floor. 120,000; in Kuwait, about 22,000; in Af- home only about 6 months before being sent The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Sen- ghanistan, approximately 11,000. They to help relieve the 3rd Infantry Division. ator from Rhode Island is recognized. are all across the globe performing Then there is the 3rd Brigade of the AMENDMENT NO. 1834 missions that are important to us and 1st Infantry Division. Having returned Mr. REED. Mr. President, I ask unan- our national security and our safety. recently from Germany from an ex- imous consent to lay aside the pending This situation of an extended Army has tended peacekeeping deployment in the amendment, and I call up amendment been developing over many years. Balkans, the soldiers of the 3rd Brigade No. 1834. Since 1989, the Army’s military end are becoming reacquainted with their The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without strength has been cut by more than 34 families and relearning the kinds of objection, it is so ordered. The clerk percent and civilian strength by 45 per- high-intensity combat skills the Army will report. cent, while undergoing a 300-percent in- put to such impressive use during the The legislative clerk read as follows: crease in mission rate. Fewer people, Iraq war. That training cycle itself re- The Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. REED], more demand. That has been the record quires weeks away from home. The 1st for himself and Mr. HAGEL, proposes an since 1989 and before that even. Infantry soldiers will not have much amendment numbered 1834. This operational tempo certainly be- time before turning their focus to de- Mr. REED. Mr. President, I ask unan- came acute after September 11 and the ployment preparations, however, be- imous consent that further reading of commencement of the global war on cause the 3rd Brigade is heading to Iraq the amendment be dispensed with. terrorism. A respected voice who de- next March to relieve elements of the The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without voted his life to serving the nation, 4th Infantry Division. objection, it is so ordered. GEN Frederick Kroesen, wrote in No- What we are seeing every day is an The amendment is as follows: vember 2002, before the initiation of op- increasing cycle of deployment and re- (Purpose: To increase the end strength of the erations in Iraq: deployment of brigades and divisions Army and to structure the additional It appears to this interested observer that being shuffled about to cover all of forces for constabulary duty) we are expending the force and doing little these tremendous worldwide domains. On page 22, between lines 12 and 13, insert to ensure its viability in the years to come, This tempo and this stress is beginning the following: years we have been assured it will take to to show in terms of our soldiers and in SEC. 316. (a) In addition to the strengths win the war on terrorism. The quality of our terms of the Army. Unless we provide authorized by law for personnel of the Army effort, high and commendable during the additional soldiers for the Army, these as of September 30, 2004, pursuant to para- first year and showing no signs of deteriora- stresses will be manifested in growing graphs (1) and (2) of section 115(a) of title 10, tion, can in the long run only be sustained problems, such as difficulties in re- United States Code, the Army is hereby au- by preparing now for the force we will need thorized an additional strength of 10,000 per- then. Barring the unlikely scenario of an all- cruitment and retention and difficul- sonnel as of such date, which the Secretary out war and full mobilization, soldiers now ties in adequately and thoroughly of the Army may allocate as the Secretary fighting the war on terrorism, with few ex- training the force. determines appropriate among the personnel ceptions, will not be available for fighting The Army has begun to cancel or strengths required by such section to be au- two years from now. Units and organizations postpone many exercises and training thorized annually under subparagraphs (A) of the reserve components, mobilized for the rotations. The Los Angeles Times re- and (B) of paragraph (1) of such section and first year of war, will not be available for cently reported that since October 1, paragraph (2) of such section. more of the same service off into the indefi- 2002, the Pentagon has canceled or (b) The additional personnel authorized nite future. It might be prudent now to ask postponed 49 of the 182 training exer- under subsection (a) shall be trained, incor- the managers who decreed the current sec- porated into an appropriate force structure, ond-year Reservists’ extensions what they cises scheduled for this fiscal year. and used to perform constabulary duty in plan for the third year. The superb force that entered Iraq such specialties as military police, light in- The answer, of course, is to increase the was forged through intensive training. fantry, civil affairs, and special forces, and size of the Army. On September 10, 2001, the Without such training, we will lose the

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:24 Jan 14, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00045 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2003SENATE\S14OC3.REC S14OC3 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S12526 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 14, 2003 edge in a world where there are other This amendment would authorize and Since 2001, the Association of the potential adversaries, such as North would pay for an increase in the active United States Army has been advo- Korea whose army is more tenacious duty Army end strength by 10,000 per- cating for increasing end strength by than the Iraqis under Saddam. sonnel and would focus on forces need- 30,000 to 40,000 additional soldiers. The effects on recruitment and reten- ed for constabulary duty, such as mili- Again, my amendment would only call tion are likely to be seen first in the tary police, civil affairs, light infantry, for a 10,000 increase in the number of National Guard and Reserves. Indeed, and special operations. soldiers. unless we add more active component The objective of end strength, mean- However, despite the views of these soldiers, we will continue to rely on ing the number of personnel permitted professionals, end strength has not the National Guard and Reserves to fill to serve in the military, was succinctly been increased. Yet none of the Army’s the gaps. Such a policy is summed up by retired GEN Gordon R. missions from 2000 have ended, and unsustainable over an extended period. Sullivan: with the advent of September 11, the National Guard men and women and The objective is to have enough soldiers to war on terror, the war in Afghanistan, Reserve forces are dedicated patriots execute Army missions at the right time and and the war in Iraq, the burden has in- and skilled professionals, but they have the right place, have enough in the total to creased exponentially. lives outside the Army. If we contin- have both tactical and operations flexibility Today, as this chart shows, the Army and to have adequate depth in numbers to ually force them to choose between has 325,200 soldiers deployed and for- support leader development, required force ward stationed in 120 countries. While service to the Nation and supporting structure manning and the requisite balance their families, they will ultimately and needed across the ranks. some of these deployment numbers may vary in the future, there will not invariably choose their families. Indeed, the current numbers are not be any significant changes. No one, I Moreover, the stresses on the Guard giving the flexibility and the redun- think, reasonably expects that we will and Reserves are not localized in a few dancy we should have built in to our be withdrawing within a year or two a communities. These stresses are trans- military. mitted to every corner of the country, Each year in the Defense authoriza- major force from Iraq or forces from and we will have great difficulty main- tion bill, Congress authorizes the end Afghanistan or forces from even taining public support for an extended strength of each branch of the military Kosovo, Bosnia, and Hungary. These operation in Iraq if the public sees that service. There is a separate end commitments are there, and they must operation through the prism of neigh- strength number for the Active and Re- be met. Retired LTG Jay Garner, the first di- bors repeatedly called to service and serve component, which includes the rector of Iraqi reconstruction, told the sacrifice without relief. National Guard. National Journal that the active duty There has been much discussion Presently, the authorized active duty Army ‘‘has already been burned out’’ about the adequacy of our force struc- end strength for the Army is 480,000. by trying to do too much with too few, ture in Iraq, and I have become in- The authorized end strength for the and the ‘‘reserves are going to be creasingly skeptical of the adequacy of Army National Guard is 350,000, and burned out’’ by repeated activations. the force structure in Iraq. You just the authorized end strength for the have to pick up today’s New York General Garner argues that the Army Army Reserve is 205,000. needs to expand by two light infantry Times where there is an article that In addition, there is a variance, describes the fact that there is approxi- divisions, about 20,000. which means the Secretary of Defense The U.S. Army’s Center of Military mately 1 million tons of ammunition in is authorized to exceed the active duty History has looked at the numbers and Iraq, much of it unsecured because, end strength by 3 percent when nec- experiences of forces needed to remain frankly, we don’t have enough troops essary, and the Guard and Reserve end in country after the conventional bat- there. We don’t have enough American strength by 2 percent. tle has ended—occupation forces, in troops. We have not received our inter- I would argue that the present au- other words. The center notes that you national reinforcements, and we have thorized end strength today, even with can look at historical examples, but not yet effectively trained and de- the allowed variance, does not provide you must also consider contemporary ployed Iraqi troops. enough Army personnel to provide the analyses and current capabilities. What is also frightening is the fact depth, the flexibility, and the balance With this three-pronged analysis, the that apparently the Saddam Hussein it needs to carry out the missions of Army’s Center of Military History pos- regime stockpiled at least 5,000 shoul- today and the future. This Army is ited that if ‘‘we and our allies were to der-fired missiles, air defense missiles, stretched across the globe. The de- directly and effectively steer the capable of bringing down aircraft. Only mands increase and the number of sol- course of events,’’ 300,000 troops would about a third of these missiles are ac- diers who are available is not able to be required in Afghanistan for a gen- counted for. There is the alarming pos- give that needed flexibility, that eration and 100,000 troops would be sibility, because we are unable to se- adaptability, and that balance. needed in Iraq for a number of years,’’ cure these ammo dumps, that literally Five years ago in the Defense Au- assuming a modernized society and ro- thousands of shoulder-fired air defense thorization Act for fiscal year 1999, bust infrastructure. Without these missiles are in Iraq or, even more Congress lowered the authorized active numbers of military personnel, we may alarming, have filtered outside the duty end strength from 495,000 to its have influence but not control. country to terrorist groups. So there is present 480,000. So there were at least I think we are seeing today in Iraq increasing evidence that the forces we 15,000 more soldiers several years ago that we have influence and not control, have on the ground are not doing an es- before the war on terror, before the war certainly not in Baghdad. We have in- sential job, which is to protect them- in Iraq, before contingencies that have fluence in Afghanistan, but not con- selves from munitions going into the yet to present themselves to us. trol. It is important to note that pro- hands of terrorists and being used Soon after that, however, the discus- viding insufficient troops to both Af- against our troops. sions began when we lowered this end ghanistan and Iraq not only has con- Regardless of how one feels about the strength, focusing on the inadequacies sequences now but well into the future. number of troops in Iraq, we simply of the number of people we had. During Today, the Army presently has will not be able to maintain even that a hearing before the House Armed 501,000 soldiers serving on active duty. level unless we increase the end Services Committee in July 2001— Not only is this above the authorized strength of our Army. Increased reli- again, before September 11—General end strength of 480,000, but it is also ance on Guard and Reserves is not a Shinseki stated: above the 3 percent variance rate. In- sensible long-term strategy, and the Given today’s mission profile, the Army is deed, the Army is so stretched at the arrival of international reinforcements too small for the mission load it is carrying. moment, they are actually breaking is problematic. The Army is trying to At that time, both General Shinseki the law on end strength. Isn’t that squeeze more boots on the ground from and Secretary White requested that enough evidence to suggest we need to its current forces, but this improvisa- end strength be increased to 520,000. raise the level? tion is a quick fix, not a long-term so- Again, that was before 9/11 and before I also note that even when the Army lution. Iraq. is well over the authorized end

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:24 Jan 14, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00046 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2003SENATE\S14OC3.REC S14OC3 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY October 14, 2003 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE S12527 strength, they are having an extraor- Indeed, there is a dire need to expand they can rotate troops and avoid send- dinarily difficult time implementing a the number of active-duty military ing the units again and again to Iraq rotation policy for Iraq and other areas personnel to avoid a future crisis in re- and Afghanistan. around the globe. This means that cruitment and retention in the mili- The second reason the administra- tours are being extended. More Guard tary, specifically in the Reserve and tion is reluctant to increase end and Reserve forces are being called up National Guard units. With numbers strength is that as the New York Times and our soldiers are getting tired by like this reported by the Goldman noted in July, the daily stress they are enduring and Sachs survey, with the stress of a year . . . the concept on increasing troop num- frustrated by the lack of certainty of deployment, with the additional bur- bers and its costs contradicts a basic tenet of when they may return home. dens on spouses and children, I believe Secretary Rumsfeld’s goal for military Currently more than 130,000 Guard when these National Guards men and transformation, which is to rely on new and Reserve soldiers are deployed. Ap- women and reservists return home the technology and rewrite doctrine to allow proximately 29,000 National Guard sol- likelihood they would eagerly extend smaller forces to attack with greater speed and deadliness. diers, infantry, signal transportation, their careers in the Guard and Reserve military police are serving in Iraq and is diminished significantly. Our sol- I argue that Secretary Rumsfeld was Kuwait. Among those are the 115th and diers need a break. They deserve bet- able to test his theories of trans- 119th military police companies from ter. We can help them and we should. formation during the period of conven- Rhode Island, and the 118th military Now some may oppose this amend- tional war in Iraq, and they were a suc- police battalion from Rhode Island. ment by stating that senior officials cess. But he risks losing that victory They are doing a magnificent job, but from the administration and the Army by refusing to see a war of this sort they are feeling the stress of this de- have repeatedly stated that if they also requires nation building, and na- ployment. needed more troops they would ask for tion building requires many more boots More than 10,000 Reserve soldiers are them, and they do not need more on the ground to ensure security and in Kuwait, Afghanistan, and Iraq. At troops. I argue the administration is stability. this time, there are still requirements ignoring the facts I have just cited, and Retired LTG Walter Ulmer—and Gen- for National Guard soldiers in Bosnia, the simple and the obvious point that eral Ulmer was one of the key leaders Kosovo, and the Sinai. In fact, the Na- our Army is overworked and the work in the Army who analyzed and pre- tional Guard has taken command rela- continues. dicted the hollow Army of the 1970s— tionships in these countries—Bosnia, I think they are ignoring these facts stated recently: Kosovo, and the Sinai. This is a devel- for several reasons. First, increasing One of the lessons we learned in the past, opment that I think many National end strength admits that we need more and we’re relearning in dramatic fashion in Guard soldiers did not anticipate when troops to create a reasonable rotation Iraq and Afghanistan, is that the U.S. mili- policy, which means we are going to be tary may be able to fight a war with slim they joined the Guard several years forces, but it takes a lot more troops to se- ago, certainly if they joined the Guard in Iraq for a long time. The only other cure an unruly nation with many diverse in- 10 or 15 years ago. country where we have a one-year rota- terest groups and antagonists. Since September 11, the Guard has tion policy for troops is Korea, where Ulmer argues the Army is short 40,000 mobilized 210,000 of its 350,000 soldiers we have been ensconced now for almost to 50,000 troops. He said: at one time or another. The Reserve 50 years. This administration simply The Army is a very elastic institution with has mobilized 85,000 of its 205,000 in must admit that a U.S. military pres- a can-do culture, and that’s a wonderful at- that same time period. ence in Iraq will be necessary for a tribute, but it is not infinitely elastic and its In addition, the activation of the Re- very long time. Last Saturday’s edition can-do ethos makes it possible for the Army serve component has a different effect of the Washington Post quotes GEN to practically respond itself to death. than the deployment of an active-duty Jim Jones, the U.S. European com- Another senior Army official stated: soldier. For active-duty personnel, the mander and NATO supreme allied com- Essentially, we fought a just-in-time war. military is their primary employer and mander, as saying U.S. soldiers may A unit would arrive, get a bullet, the enemy their families are prepared for the sac- pull out of Bosnia in 2004—may. That is would pop his head up and we’d fire the bul- rifices required when their loved one is 8 years after they went in and were let. That puts a lot of stress on a commander absent from home for a long period of also going to stay for just 1 year. I who is simultaneously trying to execute the time performing dangerous duty. With argue that Iraq is likely a more dif- forward battle, carefully balance his re- reservists, it is a different story. While ficult undertaking than Bosnia. Also, sources, pull a company from here to plug a slightly more than 50 percent of the ac- the only reason the U.S. is able to gap over there, all the while looking back over his shoulder at very exposed logistical tive-component Army is married, 74 leave Bosnia is because troops from lines. percent of reservists have at least 1 de- other nations are remaining, a luxury He asked: pendent. About one-half of these sol- we unfortunately do not have in Iraq diers work for employers with 1,000 or today. Why fight a war like that when we could fewer employees and 15 percent work Once again, the United States Army have deployed overwhelming combat forces in a way that would reduce risks and pos- for companies with less than 50 em- Center of Military History has noted: sibly protect lives? We’ve also seen in Iraq ployees, where their absence is sorely Occupations have required not only that while lean forces can be successful in felt. manpower but also time to achieve suc- combat by focusing on an enemy’s finite cen- While these soldiers are fighting for cess. In the Philippines, for example, ters of gravity, in [postwar] stability oper- our country for at least a year, em- the officers and NCOs of the Philippine ations, there are no decisive centers of grav- ployers are understaffed and spouses constabulary were virtually all conti- ity. You have to spread your forces through- are struggling as single parents, often nental Americans in 1902. Yet, by 1935, out each city, and that takes more of them. under financial duress, since some sol- 30 years later, everyone was a Filipino. If we accept the need to increase the diers take a pay cut when they give up The Philippines was a challenging size of the Active Duty Army, we need their civilian salary for an Army wage. proposition with respect to both man- to then focus on what types of forces Goldman Sachs recently conducted a power and time, and it took a genera- would be most beneficial. The U.S. survey of Reserve component soldiers tion to achieve a satisfactory outcome. Army is the best in the world when it and their employers and found these Germany and Japan transitioned from comes to skills and equipment needed disturbing results: Virtually all the re- being occupied to being allies in about to win on the battlefield, but the con- servists felt that the activation was a decade. ventional battle in Iraq is over. Now I having a less than favorable impact on So looking at history, challenging argue we need an occupation force, their civilian careers. Nearly one-third countries take at least a generation to those who must remain to accomplish of the reservists were not sure their stabilize, less demanding countries per- the U.S. objective once the conven- jobs would be waiting for them when haps a decade. We are in Iraq for at tional battle is finished. These forces they came off active duty, and half be- least 10 years, and we have to have a must have different skills because they lieved there would be a negative effect force structure that will support that have different missions: defending on pay and promotion. deployment. The Army must grow so against an insurgency, enforcing law

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:24 Jan 14, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00047 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2003SENATE\S14OC3.REC S14OC3 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY S12528 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — SENATE October 14, 2003 and order, providing humanitarian re- of 10,000 additional troops for fiscal We are rapidly approaching a 12-divi- lief, and reconstruction of infrastruc- year 2004. I believe this is the most sion strategy with a 10-division Army. ture. They need the skills required for worthwhile expenditure. Our Army is fighting on many fronts nation building. This amendment offsets this cost for us right now. They are doing a mag- So my amendment directs that the with funding from the Iraqi Freedom nificent job, as well as the Navy, Air Army should seek 10,000 soldiers who Fund. As we all know, the Iraq Free- Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard—all have the skills that are the highest de- dom Fund was established in the fiscal of our Defense Department personnel mand in Iraq: military police, special year 2003 supplemental we passed in and related personnel. We are extraor- forces, civil affairs officers, and light March. At that time, $15 billion was set dinarily proud of them. But they are infantry. These forces travel lighter, so aside for Secretary Rumsfeld to use on overtaxed, particularly so in the Army they are less expensive to transport emergency expenses for military per- because of the nature of the Army. It is and maintain. These forces will provide sonnel, operation and maintenance, not only the combat arm of decision maximum effectiveness at minimal procurement, or humanitarian assist- but also is the combat arm of duration. cost. ance. Most of that funding has been ex- It is the Army that typically is In January, the Center for Strategic pended. Therefore, an additional $1.9 charged with the aftermath of the bat- and International Studies, or CSIS, re- billion for the Iraqi Freedom Fund is tle as well as the battle. leased a report called ‘‘A Wiser Peace: included in this supplemental for ex- We have to help them. My amend- An Action Strategy For Post-Conflict igencies. I believe the exigency is here ment will provide a modicum of relief. Iraq.’’ The first recommendation in the and we should pay for these troops I urge my colleagues to support the report is to: now. amendment. . . . create a transitional security force Many would argue that while the As a final point, ultimately we all re- that is effectively prepared, mandated and costs are $409 million the first year, spond, not just to our colleagues, not able to handle post-conflict security needs. these troops will have to continue to be just to institutional pressures, but to The report states that: maintained in future years, and the ac- our constituents. I would find it very The United States must immediately iden- tual cradle-to-grave costs are much difficult, this month or 6 months from tify and train a core force of U.S. military higher. I would counter that this cost now, to go back and to meet my neigh- troops to perform constabulary duties in is minimal compared to what it will bors, who are in the National Guard Iraq. Working with its coalition partners, take if, in just a short time—2 or 3 and the Reserve, and explain to them the U.S. must also identify and ready other years—the U.S. Army does not have that we could not increase the size of constabulary forces—such as the Italian the fighting force it needs to perform our Army, that they are being deployed Carabinieri and French Gendarmerie—to as- once again, after repeated deploy- sure their timely arrival in theater. its mission because we squandered its strength. ments, because we couldn’t find the We have yet to see the arrival of the Let me show another chart, which way or the will to increase the size of French Gendarmerie and the Italian again contrasts the Army in August of our Army. I think we should. I think Carabinieri. There are Italian forces 2000, when some were criticizing it as we must. And I hope we do. that are assisting there, but the French being unprepared, and the Army in Au- I ask unanimous consent that Sen- have not yet arrived. gust of 2003. ator LEVIN be added as a cosponsor of But the need the CSIS identified be- There were 144,000 soldiers deployed this amendment. fore the war ever began is clearly in 2000; in 2003, about 370,000—over The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without there, and the U.S. Army is struggling 370,000; 7 brigades in 2000, 30 brigades in objection, it is so ordered. to meet it. Presently, the Active-Duty 2003. No National Guard divisions de- Mr. REED. Mr. President, I yield the Army has 19,432 authorized positions ployed; 3 years later, 2 National Guard floor and suggest the absence of a for military policemen and there are divisions deployed. In 2000, fewer than quorum. currently 22,476 MPs serving, well over 25,000 National Guard and Reserve The PRESIDING OFFICER. The authorized capacity. There are 22,608 troops on active duty; today, 126,498 clerk will call the roll. Reserve slots for military police and troops. This has an impact. The assistant legislative clerk pro- they are presently at 95 percent capac- These are the scenarios that are used ceeded to call the roll. ity. Clearly, there is a need for more as a template to plan our military Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I military police. This amendment forces, the ‘‘two major theater wars’’ ask unanimous consent that the order assures we start meeting this need. scenario: MTW east, Iraq; MTW west, for the quorum call be rescinded. In addition, my amendment gives the hypothetically Korea. This is the re- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without Army the flexibility to either move Re- quired order of battle that has been de- objection, it is so ordered. serve slots to active duty or recruit vised after careful study: six divisions f new soldiers. I should make it clear here and four divisions for MTW west. MORNING BUSINESS that the positions move, not nec- The units available in August of 2000, essarily the people. No reservist can be again at a time when our Army was Mr. MCCONNELL. Mr. President, I forced to become an active-duty sol- being criticized as not being up to the ask unanimous consent that there now dier. task of defending the Nation—six divi- be a period for morning business with Most of the Army’s military police sions and one armored cavalry regi- Senators permitted to speak for up to are in Reserve units—12,800 are in the ment ready, four divisions at MTW 10 minutes each. Active Force while 22,800 are in the Re- west and one armored cavalry division. The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without serves. Most Civil Affairs Units, those Today, only four divisions here for the objection, it is so ordered. soldiers who provide a link between the east scenario and only three divisions f military and civilian population in an here. BUDGET SCOREKEEPING REPORT area of operations, are also in Re- There is an impact in terms of our serves. capability to do what we planned for Mr. NICKLES. Mr. President, I here- Clearly, there needs to be a redis- decades to do. We have to ensure that by submit to the Senate the budget tribution, given the demands on to- our Army is ready for any mission, and scorekeeping report prepared by the day’s Army. In addition, if the Army we have to ensure it today. Congressional Budget Office under Sec- has the flexibility to move reservists In his farewell speech, when he was tion 308(b) and in aid of Section 311 of and guardsmen into the Active Force, retiring as Army Chief of Staff, GEN the Congressional Budget Act of 1974, these soldiers will be ready for deploy- Eric Shinseki said: as amended. This report meets the re- ment much more quickly than new re- quirements for Senate scorekeeping of cruits. We must ensure the Army has the capabili- Section 5 of S. Con. Res. 32, the First ties to match the strategic environment in The informal CBO cost of 10,000 addi- which we operate, a force sized correctly to Concurrent Resolution on the Budget tional soldiers is $409 million. That meet the strategy set forth in the documents for 1986. number includes military personnel that guide us. . . . beware the 12-division This report shows the effects of con- and operational and maintenance costs strategy for a 10-division Army. gressional action on the 2004 budget

VerDate Mar 15 2010 21:24 Jan 14, 2014 Jkt 081600 PO 00000 Frm 00048 Fmt 0624 Sfmt 0634 E:\2003SENATE\S14OC3.REC S14OC3 mmaher on DSKCGSP4G1 with SOCIALSECURITY